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to Sulfluramid Index Page
Activity:Acaricide,
Insecticide (unclassified)
Structure:
Adverse Effects:
Endocrine:
Testicular
Fetotoxic
Kidney
Reproductive/Developmental
Violation
Environmental
See PFOA
perfluorinated chemicals
All
pesticide products containing sulfluramid are under a specific
timeline to be phased out by 2016.
The pesticide products that are registered are for use in
a variety of enclosed termite, ant, and roach bait stations.
These products are pre-filled and sold only in child-resistant
packaging. Products containing sulfluramid have not been
registered for food or crop uses.
[Note: see below, largest fine in NY state history against
manufacturer of sulfluramid roach baits because they were
not "child resistant."]
Ref:
Federal Register. Vol. 67, No. 236. December 9, 2002. Perfluoroalkyl
Sulfonates; Significant New Use Rule. Final Rule.
http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/pfos.pfas.fr.dec.9.2002.pdf
Negotiated
phase-out of sulfluramid and LPOS pesticides -- The
Agency [EPA] has succeeded in negotiating a phase-out of
pesticide products containing sulfluramid
or LPOS (the active ingredient) with the following companies:
Griffin L.L.C., FMC Corporation, Chemsico, S.C. Johnson
& Son, Inc., and Whitmire Micro-Gen Research Laboratories,
Inc. These chemicals are in the same chemical class as the
perfluorooctyl sulfonates (PFOS related)
which 3M Company announced last year it would be phasing
out of its product line (May 16, 2000). The Office of Pollution
Prevention and Toxics (OPPT), has been working closely with
the non-pesticide applications of these chemicals to promote
product stewardship and responsible environmental management
with the user community. In large
part driven by the long half-life of these chemicals, EPA
has concerns related to reproductive effects and to ecological
effects from either the purposeful use or the inadvertent
exposure to the environment of these products. Sulfluramid
and LPOS are formulated in bait stations for the control
of ants, roaches, termites, wasps and hornets in and around
homes. The registrants associated with these products are
interested in product stewardship ideals and, therefore,
have agreed to either immediately voluntarily cancel some
of their products or agree to a time line under which these
products will be phased-out. Of most interest to OPP is
the fact that there will be no new sulfluramid stock produced
from which to manufacture more of these products/baits.
OPP views this negotiated phase-out as a win for human health
and the environment. [OPMP Update 8/6/01].
Ref:
Maryland Cooperative Extension Newsletter, Pesticide
Notes. August 2001. Vol
20, No. 8 http://pest.umd.edu/spatc/PesticideNotes/20-8.pdf
•
See below for studies submitted to US EPA by 3M
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Endocrine:
Testicular (click
on for all fluorinated pesticides)
-- CHRONIC EFFECTS
FROM OVEREXPOSURE: ... Sulfluramid was shown to be non-teratogenic
in developmental toxicity studies with laboratory animals.
Preliminary studies in dogs suggest that the ingestion of high
doses for prolonged periods may arrest spermatogenesis.
Ref: FMC CORPORATION. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA
SHEET FIRSTLINEª GT plus TERMITE BAIT STATION.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Sulfluramid.MSDS.Firstline.htm
-- According to an EPA assessment, if a child ingested the bait,
he or she could suffer irreversible reproductive
damage, and boys could be rendered infertile.
Ref: August 22, 2001 Press Release. Office
of the New York State Attorney General Eliot Spitzer. LARGEST
PESTICIDE PENALTY IN STATE HISTORY SECURED S.C. Johnson Fined
for Illegally Distributing Unsafe Roach Baits.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Sulfluramid.Largest.Fine.01.htm
--Study: 90-day dogs.
NOEL 35 ppm (0.825 mg/kg). LEL 100 ppm (2.5 mg/kg). LEL based
on: 1 epididymal & testicular lesions
affecting seminiferous tubules in testes.
-- Study: 1-week dermal. NOEL 100 mg/kg/day. LEL 300 mg/kg/day.
1 testicular & epididymal atrophy, aspermia
(epididymides), seminal vesicle distension.
Ref: August 10, 1994. US EPA memorandum,
"Sulfluramid - Amount of A.I. in Raid Max Roach Bait."
To Mike Mendelsohn, PM Team Reviewer, Registration Division (7505C).
From Linda L. Talor, Ph.D., Toxicology Branch II, Health Effects
Division (7509C) and Marcia van Gemert, Ph.D., Chief, Toxicology
Branch II/HED (7509C). Action Requested: Please define what constitutes
human exposure to an amount of Sulfluramid vai this product that
may produce serious personal injury or illness to a 25 lb. child. (Copy of this memorandum was requested
and received by FAN's Ellen Connett in October 2002 from Michael H.
Surgan, Ph.D., Chief Scientist, Environmental Protection Bureau,
State of New York, Office of Attorney General Eliot Spitzer.)
Fetotoxic
(click
on for all fluorinated pesticides)
Abstract: Oral administration
of sulfluramid, an insecticide, has been shown to produce transient
sterility in dogs. The present study in
rabbits was designed to evaluate the potential adverse
effects of maternal exposure to sulfluramid during late gestation
on the growth, viability, development and sperm quality of the
F1 generation. Sulfluramid, suspended in 1% CMC/0.1% Tween 80,
was administered by gavage to three groups of 22 timed-pregnant,
"litter-experienced" New Zealand White rabbits from gestation
days 19-28 at levels of 0.3, 1.0 and 3.0
mg/kg/day. The F0 females were allowed to deliver naturally
and rear their bunnies to PND (postnatal day) 42. Selected F1
bunnies were evaluated for developmental landmarks, and a longitudinal
quantitative assessment of spermatogenesis was performed on semen
from all selected F1 males. The number of
bunnies stillborn or found dead on PND 0 was increased, and the
viability on PND 1 was decreased in the 3.0 mg/kg/day group.
In addition, postnatal viability indices
in all treated groups were decreased throughout the pre-weaning
period (PND 4-42). No treatment-related effects were noted on
the age at which balanopreputial separation or vaginal patency
occurred. The numbers of sperm/ejaculate, percentages of motile
sperm, numbers of motile sperm/ejaculate and percentages of sperm
with normal morphology were apparently unaffected by treatment
during the 4-week longitudinal assessment
of spermatogenesis. No adverse effects were apparent on
mean testicular and epididymal sperm numbers, and no treatment-related
histopathological findings were noted in the reproductive organs
at any dose level. Although significant
neonatal toxicity (mortality) was noted in all treatment groups,
no treatment-related effects were noted on sexual maturation
or testicular function of the F1 generation in this study.
Ref: Stump DG et al. (1997). Study of the
effects of sulfluramid on pre- and postnatal development, maturation
and fertility in the rabbit. Toxicologist Mar;36(1 Pt 2):357.
Kidney
(click on for all fluorinated pesticides)
Abstract: BIOSIS COPYRIGHT:
BIOL ABS. The cellular effects of sulfluramid (N-ethylperfluorooctane
sulphonamide, NEPFOS) and its major metabolite perfluorooctane
sulphonamide (PFOS) were examined using a suspension of rabbit
renal proximal tubules as a model. NEPFOS and PFOS were potent
stimulators of proximal tubule basal oxygen consumptions (QO2),
with initial effects exhibited at 5-10 muM and maximal effects
at 50-200 muM. The increase in basal QO2 was ouabain insensitive,
which suggests that NEPFOS and PFOS may
act by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. Exposure of
tubule suspensions to NEPFOS or PFOS concentrations of 100 muM
or higher for 60 min produced tubule death,
indicated by an increase in the release of lactate dehyrogenase.
The tubule death did not appear to result from alkylation or lipid
peroxidation, since glutathione and malondialdehyde levels were
unaffected. To determine the mechanism by which NEPFOS and PFOS
increased tubule QO2, the effects of NEPFOS and PFOS on isolated
renal cortical
Ref:
SCHNELLMANN RG (1990). The cellular effects
of a unique pesticide sulfluramid (N-ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamide)
on rabbit renal proximal tubules. TOXICOL IN VITRO; 4 (1)..
71-74.
Reproductive
/ Developmental (click
on for all fluorinated pesticides)
- "Action Requested: Please define what constitutes human
exposure to an amount of Sulfluramid via this product that may
produce serious personal injury or illness to a 25 lb. child...
In the classical sense, Sulfluramid is not an acute toxin; however,
some of the endpoints observed in the developmental
toxicity studies may result from a one-time exposure;
e.g., the amount of Sulfluramid in one bait
ingested by a child has the potential to cause adverse reproductive
and/or developmental effects as the child develops. Since
the calculated dose to a child is comparable to the LEL's and
greater than all but one NOEL in the oral toxicity studies, no
margin of safety exists in this case."
Ref: August 10, 1994. US EPA memorandum,
"Sulfluramid - Amount of A.I. in Raid Max Roach Bait."
To Mike Mendelsohn, PM Team Reviewer, Registration Division (7505C).
From Linda L. Talor, Ph.D., Toxicology Branch II, Health Effects
Division (7509C) and Marcia van Gemert, Ph.D., Chief, Toxicology
Branch II/HED (7509C).
(Copy of this memorandum was requested and received by FAN's Ellen Connett
in October 2002 from Michael H. Surgan, Ph.D., Chief Scientist,
Environmental Protection Bureau, State of New York, Office of
Attorney General Eliot Spitzer.)
Violation
(click
on for all fluorinated pesticides)
Largest
Pesticide Penalty in New York State history - $950,000 -
against S.C. Johnson for illegally distributing unsafe sulfluramid
roach baits.
According to Attorney General Spitzer. "This product was
marketed for home use and was labeled as child resistant
when it was not."
"... According to an EPA assessment, if a child ingested
the bait, he or she could suffer irreversible reproductive
damage, and boys could be rendered infertile."
Ref: August 22, 2001 Press Release.
Office of the New York State Attorney General Eliot Spitzer.
http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/sulfluramid.largest.fine.01.htm
|
Environmental
(click
on for all fluorinated pesticides)
As
a class, fluorinated organic compounds are resistant
to photolysis. If released to soil, sulfluramid is
expected to have no mobility based upon an estimated Koc
of 3.5X10+6. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is
expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated
Henry's Law constant of 5.4 atm-cu m/mole. However, adsorption
to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization. As
a class, fluorinated organic compounds are resistant to
microbial degradation. [Giesy JP, Kannan K; Environ
Sci Technol 36: 147A-152A (2002)] If released into water,
sulfluramid is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and
sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from
water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process
based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant.
However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected
to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment
in the water column. The estimated
volatilization half-life from a model pond is 107 years
if adsorption is considered.
An estimated BCF of 500 suggests the potential for bioconcentration
in aquatic organisms is high.
Ref: Hazardous Substances
Data Bank for SULFLURAMID CASRN: 4151-50-2.
http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/sulfluramid.hsdb.oct.2003.htm
Ref:
Acute Aquatic Ecotoxicity Summaries for Sulfluramid
on All Taxa Groups . PAN Pesticides Database - Chemical
Toxicity Studies on Aquatic Organisms. http://www.pesticideinfo.org/List_AquireAcuteSum.jsp?Rec_Id=PC34496 |
Common
Name |
Scientific
Name |
Avg
Species LC50 (ug/L) |
LC50
Std Dev |
Number
of Studies |
Avg
Species Rating |
Fish |
Rainbow
trout, donaldson trout |
Oncorhynchus
mykiss |
210.0 |
- |
1 |
Highly
Toxic |
Fathead
minnow |
Pimephales
promelas |
5,054 |
4,866 |
2 |
Moderately
Toxic |
|
LTR
FR 3M SUBMITTING ADD'L HLTH & ENVIRONMNTL EFFECTS STUDIES
ON PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATES & RELATED COMPOUNDS, WITH
ATTACHMENTS AND
DATED 06-28-01
Source:
EPA/OTS; Doc #FYI-OTS-0701-1378
Keywords:
3M CO
PERFLUOROOCTANE SULFONATES
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
HYDROLYSIS
BIODEGRADATION
PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
TRANSPORT PROCESSES ENVIRONMENTAL
EFFECTS
ACUTE TOXICITY
FISH-FRESHWATER
FISH-MARINE
INVERTEBRATES
MOLLUSKS
HEALTH EFFECTS
INSECTS
ORAL
DIET
DERMAL
TISSUE CONCENTRATION
MAMMALS
RABBITS
GAVAGE
PHARMACO KINETICS
RATS
PHOTOLYSIS
CAS
Registry Numbers:
754-91-6
1763-23-1
4151-50-2
24448-09-7
Order
Number: NTIS/OTS0001378
|
SUPPORT:
ADDITIONAL HEALTH & ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS STUDIES ON PERFLUOROOCTANE
SULFONATES & RELATED COMPOUNDS, WITH COVER LETTER DATED
08-31-00 (SANITIZED)
Source:
EPA/OTS; Doc #FYI-OTS-0900-1378S
CAS
Registry Numbers:
335-67-1
355-46-4
754-91-6
1691-99-2
1763-23-1
4151-50-2
Order
Number: NTIS/OTS0001378
|
LETTER
FROM 3M CO TO USEPA RE ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON PERFLUOROOCTANE
SULFONATES & RELATED COMPOUNDS WITH STUDIES ATTACHED &
DATED
05-18-00
Source:
EPA/OTS; Doc #FYI-OTS-0500-1378
CAS
Registry Numbers:
307-35-7
307-51-7
376-14-7
754-91-6
1691-99-2
1763-23-1
4151-50-2
24448-09-7
31506-32-8
67584-51-4
86508-42-1
Order
Number: NTIS/OTS0001378
|
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