FLUORIDE ACTION NETWORK PESTICIDE PROJECT

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The List of Organofluorine and Fluoride Pesticides
Q - Z

Click here for Glossary of terms

Pesticide (1)

Use Type (2)

Other
Information (3)

Adverse Effects (4)

US EPA Registered

Registered use in
these countries (includes only a limited list of countries)

Quinoxyfen

CAS No. 124495-18-7

Fungicide
(unclassified)

PAN Data

See effects

Blood
Body Weight Decrease
Brain
Cholesterol

Endocrine: Pituitary
Endocrine: Testicular
Endocrine: Thymus
Kidney
Liver

Environmental:

Sweden: "... high persistence, high potential for bioaccumulation and indicated potential for long-range transport. Substances like quinoxyfen may accumulate in various environmental compartments, including biota, and the effects of such accumulation are unpredictable..."

EPA Registered: Yes

Registered use in:
Germany, Hungary, Portugal, South Africa, UK, US

US: On Sept 29, 2003, EPA approved the first-time tolerances to be established for the residues of quinoxyfen
Cherry (sweet & tart), Grape, Hop (dried cones)

See US food tolerances

US. Time-Limited to Dec 2007:
Pumpkin
Squash, winter
Vegetable, cucurbit, subgroup 9A (includes 19 commodities)

Silafluofen

CAS No. 105024-66-6

Insecticide
(Pyrethroid),
Termiticide,
Wood Preservative

PAN Data

See effects
Very little tox data available.

Tumor Promoter

Environmental:

Severe marine pollutant

EPA Registered: No

Registered use in:
India, Japan, Taiwan, Vietnam

Japan:
Apple, Pear, Persimon, Rice, Tea

Taiwan:
Drupe, Rice, Small berries

Siloxanes and silicones,
Me 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl

Primary name:
Fluorosilicone oil

CAS No. 63148-56-1

EPA List 3 Inert

No Tox information available

EPA Registered: Yes
List 3 Inert

Registered use in: US
- Because this is an "Inert", the public is not allowed to know which crops it is used on.

Silver fluoride

CAS No. 7775-41-9

Fungicide,
Herbicide,
Microbiocide
(Inorganic-Silver)

PAN Data

As of October 2003: no Tox data available

EPA Registered: No

Simeconazole

CAS No. 149508-90-7

Fungicide
(Conazole)

New pesticide as of 1999.

As of October 2003: no tox data available.

EPA Registered: No

Sodium aluminum
fluosilicate

CAS No. 53404-77-6

Insecticide
(Inorganic)

PAN Data

As of October 2003: no tox data available.

EPA Registered: No

In the US: Mothproof products cancelled in 1986 and 1987


Sodium bifluoride

CAS No. 1333-83-1

Insecticide
(Inorganic)

Former EPA
List 3 Inert

PAN Data

See effects

Anemia
Blood
Body Weight Decrease
Bone
Brain
Endocrine: Pituitary
Endocrine: Thyroid
Genotoxic
Kidney

Chemical Weapon Precursor for the production of Sarin-family nerve agents

EPA Registered: No

Former List 3 Inert

Sodium fluoride

CAS No. 7681-49-4

Insecticide
Wood preservative
(Inorganic)

EPA List 4B Inert

PAN BAD ACTOR
- Acute Toxicity

Sodium fluoride, classified as an EPA List 4B Inert, is approved for use in the new US National
Organic Standards

See effects

Cancer
CNS
Diabetes
Endocrine: Breast
Endocrine: Hypothalamus
Endocrine: Ovary
Endocrine: Uterus
Heart
Mesenteric artery
Pancreas
Salivary glands
Spleen
Teratogenic

Due to length,
each of the following is presented in a separate section:

Apoptosis
Blood
Bone
Brain

Clastogenic • Cytotoxic • Fetotoxic • Genotoxic or Mutagenic

Endocrine: Pineal Gland
Endocrine: Testicular
G-Proteins
I.Q.
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Reproductive

Emvironmental:

Experiments concluded that the behavior of upstream-migrating adult salmon would be adversely affected by fluoride concentrations of about 0.5 mg/L.


Approved for use in the new USDA Organic Program. USDA has approved all List 4 Inerts for use in US Organic agriculture.

Chemical Weapon Precursor for the production of Sarin-family nerve agents

Fine:
Feb 19, 1999: The US Commerce Department's Export Administration imposed a civil penalty of $750,000 on ALCOA for 100 violations of US export regulations involving shipments of potassium fluoride and
sodium fluoride. Potassium fluoride and sodium fluoride are controlled because they can be used to make chemical weapons.

EPA Registered: Yes

List 4B Inert

Registered use in:
Australia, Canada, New Zealand, US, Vietnam 

US: Because this is an "Inert", the public is not allowed to know which crops it is used on.

Banned in these countries as of Dec 2003:
Belize, Cuba, Laos, Slovenia, Thailand

Sodium fluoroacetate

(Compound 1080)

 

CAS No. 62-74-8

Insecticide,
Rodenticide
(Unclassified)

PAN BAD ACTOR
- Acute Toxicity;
Reproductive
Toxicity

Prop 65: Male Reproductive
Toxicity

EPA RED

See effects

Body Weight Decrease
Brain
CNS
Embryotoxic
Endocrine: Hypothalamus
Endocrine:
Testicular
Endocrine: Thymus

Heart

Environmental:

Highly Toxic to Bears, Birds, Mammals, Mule Deer, Ferrets

EPA Registered: Yes

Banned in these countries as of Dec 2003:
Belize, Cuba, Laos, Slovenia, Thailand

Registered use in:
Australia, Canada, India, Netherlands, New Zealand, US

Sodium fluosilicate

-- also known as
Sodium hexafluorosilicate

CAS No. 16893-85-9

Insecticide,
Wood Preservative
(Inorganic)

EPA List 3 Inert

PAN Data

See effects

Anemia
Apoptosis

Ataxia
Bladder
Blood
Body Weight Decrease
(including Cachexia, Wasting, Anorexia)
Bone

Dermal
Heart
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Spleen
Poisoning Incident

The major use of sodium hexafluorosilicate and fluorosilicic acid is as fluoridation agents for drinking water. Both chemicals are also used as a chemical intermediate (raw material) for aluminum trifluoride, cryolite (Na3AlF6), silicon tetrafluoride... Other applications for sodium hexafluorosilicate include its use in enamels/enamel frits for china and porcelain, in opalescent glass, metallurgy (aluminum and beryllium), glue, ore flotation, leather and wood preservatives, and in insecticides and rodenticides.

EPA Registered: Yes
EPA List 3 Inert

US: Because this is an "Inert", the public is not allowed to know which crops it is used on

In the U.S.

The major use is as a fluoridation agent for drinking water. It is also used as a List 3 inert and as a wood preservative.

Pesticides containing sodium fluosilicate have been canceled. They were used to control ectoparasites on livestock, as well as crawling insects (roaches etc.) in homes and work buildings. Also was used a mothproofing agent.

Registered use in:
Australia, Canada, India, South Africa, Tanzania, US, Vietnam 

Not allowed to be used as an active ingredient after July 25, 2003

 

 

Sulfentrazone

CAS No. 122836-35-5

Herbicide
(Triazolone)

PAN Data

See effects

Blood
Body Weight Decrease

Bone
Endocrine:
Prostate
Endocrine: Testicular
Endocrine:
Vaginal
Liver

Spleen

Environmental:

Persistent in Soil

Groundwater Contaminant

Highly Toxic to Estuarine/Marine Organisms

Phototoxic

EPA Registered: Yes

Registered use in:
South Africa, US  

US - permitted in or on 51 food commodities, including:
Bean -Lima, Chickpea -seed, Cowpeas, Grain - cereal, Horseradish, Pea - dry,
Soybean seed, Strawberry,
Sugarcane -cane, Sunflower seeds

See US food tolerances

Sulfluramid

CAS No. 4151-50-2

Acaricide. Insecticide
(Unclassified)

PAN Data

See effects

Endocrine: Testicular
Fetotoxic
Kidney
Reproductive/Developmental

Environmental:

As a class, fluorinated organic compounds are resistant to microbial degradation and photolysis.

The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 107 years if adsorption is considered. An estimated BCF of 500 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high.


Violation
August 2001 -
Largest pesticide penalty ($950,000) in New York state history for illegal distribution of S.C. Johnson roach baits.

"... According to an EPA assessment, if a child ingested the bait, he or she could suffer irreversible reproductive damage, and boys could be rendered infertile."
Ref: Press release from the Office of the NY State Attorney General

EPA Registered: Yes

Registered use in:
New Zealand, US

Sulfuryl fluoride PROFUME

CAS No. 2699-79-8

Fumigant,
Insecticide
(Fluorine Inorganic)

PAN BAD ACTOR
- Acute Toxicity

See effects Part 1:
Amyloidosis - Kidney
Blood
Body Weight Decrease
Bone
Brain
CNS
Deaths from Vikane fumigation
Endocrine: Adrenal
Endocrine: Hypothalmus
Endocrine: Thyroid

See effects Part 2:
Eye
Heart
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Tremors/Convulsions

EPA Registered: Yes

Switzerland, US

US:
See list of food tolerances approved and petitioned for as of March 4, 2005

Use as the replacement fumigant for Methyl Bromide on food commodities has received approval from US EPA. However, this approval is being challenged by FAN and Beyond Pesticides. It is not known if sulfuryl fluoride will be used as a fumigant on food commodities before the issue is settled.

-
Sulfuryl fluoride VIKANE
-

-
Same as above
-
Same as above
-
EPA Registered: Yes

Tau-fluvalinate

(see also: Fluvalinate)

CAS No. 102851-06-9

Acaricide,
Insecticide
(Pyrethroid)

PAN BAD ACTOR - Developmental or Reproductive Toxin

See effects

Ataxia
Body Weight Decrease
Bone
Dermal
Endocrine: Breast
Endocrine: Testicular
Fetotoxic
Teratogen

Tremors

Environmental:

Very toxic to aquatic organisms.

Considerable accumulation in bee wax.

EPA Registered: Pending

Registered use in:
Australia, Denmark, Finland, India, Portugal, South Africa, UK

 

Teflon

-- also known as PTFE: Polytetrafluoroethylene.

CAS No. 9002-84-0

EPA List 3 Inert
(Inorganic)

See effects:

Bird
Blood
Body Weight
Brain
Chemical Weapons
Cholinesterase activity
Liver
Urinary fluoride level

Lung
Polymer Fume Fever
Thermal Decomposition Products

Note: Two of the thermal decomposition products of Teflon:
Perfluoroisobutene) is approximately ten times as toxic as phosgene and is included in Schedule 2 of the Chemical Weapons Convention.
• Oxygen difluoride (many synonyms; it's primary name is Fluorine monoxide). In the NIOSH category of Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations - a list of 387 workplace chemicals - the two chemicals that share the rank of most dangerous chemicals for "respirator selection criteria" are Oxygen difluoride and Lithium hydride.

EPA Registered: Yes
EPA List 3 Inert

Registered use in: US
- Because this is an "Inert", the public is not allowed to know which crops it is used on.

Note: Teflon is used in pesticides as an Inert. According to a US EPA Final Rule of April 28, 2004:
Montmorillonite-type clay treated with polytetrafluoroethylene. Carrier. PTFE content not greater than 0.5% of clay (w/w). To be used in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.

- Also, component used in plastic slow release tag.

Teflubenzuron

CAS No. 83121-18-0

Insecticide
(Benzoylurea)
Insect growth regulator

PAN Data

See effects

Liver
Lymph node haemangiomas
Pancreas

Environmental:

Highly toxic to aquatic crustacean invertebrates

Persistent in sediment

A chemical used on salmon farms to rid fish of sea lice. Allegations of damage to small crustaceans and other marine wildlife, which could be crucial to the survival of other species.

 

EPA Registered: No

Registered use in:
Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Netherlands, Philippines, Portugal, Taiwan, UK
Africa: Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Chad, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, South Africa

Japan:
Apple, Apricot, Asparagus, Barley, Brussel sprouts,
Buckwheat, Burdock,
Button mushroom, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Cherry, Corn, Cucumber, Eggplant, Grape, Grapefruit, Lemon, Lettuce, Lime, Melons, Multiplying onion (inc Shallot), Natsudaidai (whole), Nectarine,
Other Cereal grains,
Other Citrus fruits,
Other Cruciferous vegs, Pear, Peach, Persimon, Pimento, Plum, Potato, Pumpkin (inc Squash),
Quince, Radish, Rice, Rye, Soybeans, Strawberry, Sugar beet, Sweet Potato, Tea, Tomato, Unshu orange, Welsh (inc Leek), Wheat

Taiwan:
Fruit vegetables, Leaf vegetables with small leaves, Leaf vegetables with wrapped leaves, Melon vegetables, Peas and beans, Root vegetables

Tefluthrin

CAS No. 79538-32-2

Insecticide
(Pyrethroid)

PAN BAD ACTOR
(Acute Toxicity)

US MAP

See effects

Ataxia
Blood
B
ody Weight Decrease
Bone
Brain
Cholesterol
Endocrine: Thyroid
Endocrine:
Uterus
Heart
Liver
Tremors

Environmental:

Fish: Very Highly Toxic

EPA Registered: Yes

Registered use in:
Australia, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Portugal, UK, US 

Canada:
Milk

Japan:
Brussel sprouts, Cabbage, Corn, Peanuts, Radish, Sugarcane, Strawberry, Sweet potato

US: Corn, field:
fodder and forage, pop and sweet, grain and pop, and fresh with husk removed.

See US food tolerances

Tembotrione

CAS No. 335104-84-2

Herbicide

See effects

Blood
Body Weight Decrease
Bone
Brain
Carcinogenicity:
"Suggestive Evidence" - EYE
Cholesterol
Endocrine:
Ovary
Endocrine:
Pancreas
Endocrine:
Pituitary
Endocrine:
Suspected Endocrine Disruptor
Endocrine:
Testes
Endocrine:
Thyroid
Eye
Gallbladder
Kidney
Liver
S
ciatic nerve

EPA Registered: Yes

US:
FIRST-TIME use approved September 2007.
Corn, sweet: forage and stover
Corn, field: forage, grain, stover
Corn, pop: grain and stover
Corn, sweet, kernel plus cob with husks removed
Cattle, Goat, Horse, Poultry, Sheep: liver
Cattle, Goat, Horse, Sheep: meat byproducts, except liver

Tetraconazole

CAS No. 112281-77-3

Fungicide
(Azole)

PAN BAD ACTOR
- Carcinogen

See effects

Amyloidosis
Blood
Body Weight Decrease

Bone

Brain
Cancer: Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans - LIVER
Cholesterol
Endocrine: Ovary
Endocrine: Pituitary
Endocrine: Prostate
Endocrine:
Testicular

Endocrine: Thymus
Endocrine: Thyroid
Endocrine: Uterus
Endocrine: Vaginal
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Reproductive/Developmental

Environmental:

Persistent in soil and water sediment
Moderately toxic to birds
Highly toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates, algae/aquatic plants and sediment dwelling organisms
Hazardous to bees
Moderately toxic to earthworms

 

EPA Registered: Yes

Registered use in:

Brazil, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Taiwan, UK, US 

Japan:
Apple, Apricot, Artichoke, Barley, Cherry, Cucumber, Grape, Loquat, Makuwauri, Melons, Nectarine, Oriental pickling melon,
Other cereal grains,
Other cucurbitaceous vegs, Peach, Pear, Plum, Pumpkin (inc Squash), Quince, Strawberry, Sugar beet, Tomato, Watermelon, Tea, Wheat

Taiwan:
Mangoes, Melons, Pears, Rice, Small berries

US - permitted in or on 10 food commodities, including:
Cattle, Milk, Sugarbeets,
Sugarbeet-related commodities

See US food tolerances

1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane

CAS No. 811-97-2

Aerosol Propellant
(Halogenated organic)

EPA List 4B Inert

PAN Data

See effects

Blood
Body Weight Decrease
Bone
Brain
CNS
Endocrine:
Testicular
Eye
Heart
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Ringing in Ears
Tremors

Environmental:

A non-ozone depleting alternative to dichlorodifluoromethane. The atmospheric lifetime of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane has been estimated to range from 12.5 to 24 years.


Approved for use in the new USDA Organic Standards. USDA has approved all List 4 Inerts for use in organic agriculture.

EPA Registered: Yes

EPA List 4B Inert

Registered use in: US
- Because this is an "Inert", the public is not allowed to know which crops it is used on.

 

 

Tetrafluron

CAS No. 27954-37-6

Herbicide
(Phenylurea)

PAN Data

As of October 2003: no tox data available.

EPA Registered: No

TFM

3-Trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol

CAS No. 88-30-2

Lampricide,
Piscicide
(Phenol)

EPA RED

PAN Data

See effects

Body Weight Decrease
Endocrine: Altered Sex Ratio
Endocrine: Disruptor
Genotoxic

Environmental:

Dramatic altered sex ratio of Sea Lamprey from male to female .

TFM is over 50 times more toxic in water at pH 6.5 than at pH 9.5

TFM is expected to remain in solution in the lake system and persist for long periods of time... TFM is chemically and biologically very stable. An examination of its structure, i.e., aromatic, fluoro-containing, m-substituted phenol, shows that the compound possesses many of the chemical features known to impart persistence to organic compounds.

When TFM is used, amphibians have regularly been found dead in creeks immediately after treatment in Lake Erie watersheds and elsewhere in the Great Lakes.

EPA Registered: Yes

Registered use in:
Canada, US

Food Tolerances:

Approximately 400,000 pounds of TFM were put into streams, creeks, and lakes in the Great Lakes Basin between 1993-1997. Many of these areas are prime fishing areas. Yet, there are no tolerances for TFM in the US because EPA considers the use of this compound to be non-food.

Thiadifluor

No CAS Number

Fungicide
(Thiazole)

As of October 2003: no tox data available. EPA Registered: No

Thiazafluron

CAS No. 25366-23-8

Herbicide
(Urea)

WHO: believed
obsolete or
discontinued

PAN Data

As of October 2003: no tox data available.

EPA Registered: No

Not allowed to be used as an active ingredient after July 25, 2003

Thiazopyr

CAS No. 117718-60-2

Herbicide
(Pyridine carboxylic acid)

PAN Data

See effects

Amyloidosis
Blood
Body Weight Decrease
Bone
Cancer: Likely to be a Human Carcinogen - THYROID, KIDNEY
Cholesterol
Endocrine: Pituitary (disruption of the thyroid-pituitary hormonal feedback mechanism)
Endocrine: Suspected Disruptor
Endocrine: Thyroid
Eye
Kidney
Liver

Environmental:

Very Highly Toxic to nontarget terrestrial and aquatic plants, algae and diatoms

Moderate to High Toxicity to Martine Invertebrates

Persistent in soil

EPA Registered: Yes

Registered use in:
Australia, US  

Not allowed to be used as an active ingredient after July 25, 2003

US:
Grapefruit, Orange

See US food tolerances

Thidiazimin

CAS No. 123249-43-4

Herbicide
(Unclassified)

PAN Data

As of September 2003: no tox data available.

Environmental:

Phototoxic

 

EPA Registered: No

Thifluzamide

CAS No. 130000-40-7

Fungicide
(Anilide)

PAN Data

As of 2004: no tox data available. 

Note from FAN:

Both bromine and fluorine are in the chemical formula for this substance. Studies on its effect on the brain need to be performed. (EC)

EPA Registered: No

Registered use in:
Japan, Vietnam


Japan:
Rice

Tolylfluanid

or Tolyfluanid

CAS No. 731-27-1

Fungicide, Insecticide (Phenylsulfamide)

PAN Data

See effects

Body Weight Decrease
Bone - including Arthrogryposis
Cancer: Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans - THYROID
Clastogenic
Cytotoxic
Endocrine: Thyroid
Eye
Kidney
Liver
Reproductive/Developmental
Thyroid

Environmental:
Water sediment systems: a
hydrolysis study demonstrated that tolylfluanid was hydrolyzed into DMST, fluoride ion, chloride ion, sulfur and carbon dioxide

Note: The FAO released a report on tolyfluanid in 2002. They discuss the concentration of fluoride in bone and teeth which increased in a dose related manner... "The release of the fluoride ion and its distribution in the body have not been clearly characterized."

In September 2002, US EPA approved tolerances for tolylfluanid for 4 imported commodities. In its Final Rule, EPA cited several bone effects. However, EPA never discussed fluoride concentrations.

EPA Registered: YES

Registered use in:
Australia, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, New Zealand, Tanzania, UK, US  

US:
On Imported: Apple, Grape, Tomato, Hop

See US food tolerances

Tralopyril

CAS No. 122454-29-9

Molluscicide

New pesticide as of June 2006 - no tox information

Note from FAN:
Both bromine and fluorine are in the chemical formula for this pesticide; a combination that provides potential for severe effects on the brain. (EC)
EPA Registered: No

Transfluthrin

CAS No. 118712-89-3

Insecticide
(Pyrethroid)

PAN Data

See effects

Bladder
Body Weight Decrease
Bone
Brain
Cholesterol
CNS
Dermal
Endocrine: Adrenal
Endocrine: Thyroid
Genotoxic
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Spleen
Tremors

Environmental:

'Extremely dangerous to fish and other aquatic life'

 

EPA Registered: No

Registered use in:
Australia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Philippines 

 

Triaziflam

CAS No. 131475-57-5

Herbicide
(Triazine)

PAN Data

As of October 2003: no tox data available. EPA Registered: No

Tributyltin fluoride

CAS No. 1983-10-4

Antifoulant,
Fungicide,
Microbiocide
(Organotin)

PAN Data

See effects

Brain
Developmental / Reproductive
Diabetes
Eye

Endocrine: Suspected Disruptor

Environmental:

Acute Aquatic Toxicity Values

Very Highly Toxic to Amphibians

Very Highly Toxic to Fish

EPA Registered: No

Registered use in:
Canada 

Trichlorofluoromethane

(Freon 11)

CAS No. 75-69-4

Insecticide,
Fungicide,
Propellant
(Halogenated organic)

EPA List 2 Inert

PAN Bad Actor - Carcinogen

See effects

Bone
Brain
CNS
Endocrine: Breast
Heart
Leukemia
Lung

Environmental:

Class 1 Ozone Depleting Substance. Lifetime of Global Warming Potential: 45 years

Very resistant to chemical and biological degradation and likely to be a persistent contaminant if it reaches groundwater.

Bioconcentration in organisms is low to moderate.


Accidental Death:

A 4-yr-old boy, playing with an antiperspirant deodorant in the bathtub, inhaled the propellants, 50.5% trichloromonofluoromethane (fluorocarbon 11) and 43% dichlorodifluoromethane (fluorocarbon 12), became deeply unconscious with no spontaneous respiration, and no cerebral activity, and died 5 days later.
Ref:
Accidental death of child playing with deodorant aerosol ; Lancet; VOL 1 ISS Apr 8 1978; Letter by IG Jefferson.

EPA Registered: Yes
List 2 Inert

Registered use in: US
- Because this is an "Inert", the public is not allowed to know which crops it is used on.

Severely restricted use in:
Austria, Finland, Sweden 

Banned in:
Thailand, Switzerland

Trichlorotrifluoromethane

CAS No. 76-13-1

Solvent
(Halogenated organic)

EPA List 2 Inert

PAN Data

See effects

Brain
CNS
Heart
Liver
Lung
Tremors

Environmental:

Class 1 Ozone Depleting Substance. Lifetime of Global Warming Potential: 85 years

Very resistant to chemical and biological degradation and likely to be a persistent contaminant if it reaches groundwater.

Bioconcentration in organisms is low to moderate.


Accidental Death:

A worker died while assisting three workers who were cleaning out a Freon 113 vapor degreaser at a chemical fuel plant.

EPA Registered: Yes
List 2 Inert

Registered use in: US
- Because this is an "Inert", the public is not allowed to know which crops it is used on.

Trifloxystrobin

CAS No. 141517-21-7

Fungicide
(Strobin)

PAN Data

See effects