FLUORIDE ACTION NETWORK PESTICIDE PROJECT
Return to FAN's Pesticide Homepage
1992 Fluoride Abstracts. Part 2.
| Abstracts
for the following years: Part 1 - mainly biochemistry and physiology (brain, hormonal, G-proteins, etc.) Part 2 ("b") - all other |
||||||||||
| 1976
- 1977 |
1970
- 1971 |
|||||||||
| 1974
- 1975 |
1968
- 1969 |
|||||||||
| 1972
- 1973 |
Up
to 1967 |
|||||||||
From Dart Special at Toxnet
NTIS Technical Report (NTIS/PB93-222347) 1992 Apr;:56 pp.
Clinical trial of the effect of prenatal fluoride supplements in preventing dental caries.
Leverett DHEastman Dental Center, Rochester, NY.
In 1966 the US Food and Drug Administration forbad advertisements claiming efficacy of prenatal fluoride supplements, due to lack of clinical data supporting such a claim. In the early 1980s, the NIDR funded a randomized clinical trial to address this issue. 1,400 women in the first trimester of pregnancy were recruited into the study and were randomly assigned to one of two groups -- daily 1 mg fluoride tablet, daily placebo tablet -- during the last six months of pregnancy. After birth all subjects, experimental and control, were encouraged to use postnatal dietary fluoride supplements in ADA-recommended dosage. Clinical examinations for dental caries were conducted when the offspring reached three years and five years of age. dfs in the experimental group was not significantly different from the placebo group at either the three-year or the five-year exam. However, there was a significant association between caries prevalence at the three-year exam and measured compliance with postnatal dietary fluoride ingestion during the first two years of life. Although the anticaries efficacy of prenatal fluorides was not demonstrated in this study, the extraordinarily low caries prevalence in both groups (91-92% caries free) may have obscured any possibility of demonstrating a beneficial effect.
Arch Tierernahr 1992;42(2):133-45
Effect of feedborne fluorine intoxication on broiler chicks' performance, biochemistry, physiology and pathology.
Abdelhamid AM, Dorra TM.
Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Mansoura University, Egypt.
Feeding broiler chicks on graded levels of fluorine (0, 25, 125, 625 and 3125 ppm F) from NaF for 4 weeks (4-7 weeks of age) resulted in various alterations which depended on the level of contamination. The main changes included poor growth and feed conversion, high mortality rate, disorders of bone formation, decreased relative weights of pituitary, adrenal, heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys and gizzard and changes in intestinal dimensions. Also, the biochemical tests revealed other kinds of physiological disfunction mainly in the form of anaemia (low haematocrit, haemoglobin, total protein, albumin and globulin fractions), intoxication (increased methaemoglobin), nephrotic (raised phosphorus and magnesium) and hepatic (elevated lipoproteins and lowering enzymatic activity) disfunctions. The general observations and postmortem examination confirmed also the biochemical findings which revealed the harmful effect of feedborne-fluorine intoxication in broiler chicks.
PMID: 1297303 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Acta Astronaut 1992;27:257-9
Polymer degradation and ultrafine particles: potential inhalation hazards for astronauts.
Ferin J, Oberdorster G.
School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Rochester, NY 14642.
[Note from FAN: Teflon is a fluorinated plastic: polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ]
When Teflon is heated the developing fumes produce in exposed human an influenza-like syndrome (polymer fume fever) or also severe toxic effects like pulmonary edema, pneumonitis and death. The decomposition products and the resulting health effects are temperature-dependent. The toxic effects seem to be related to the ultrafine particulate fraction of the fume. To test the hypothesis that exposure to ultrafine particles results in an increased interstitialization of the particles which is accompanied by an acute pathological inflammation, rats were exposed to titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles by intratracheal instillation and by inhalation. Both acute intratracheal instillation and subchronic inhalation studies on rats show that ultrafine TiO2 particles (approximately 20 nm diameter) access the pulmonary interstitium to a larger extent than fine particles (approximately 250 nm diameter) and that they elicit an inflammatory response as indicated by PMN increase in lavaged cells. The release of ultrafine particles into the air of an enclosed environment from a thermodegradation event or from other sources is a potential hazard for astronauts. Knowing the mechanisms of action is a prerequisite for technical or medical countermeasures.
PMID: 11537570 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Fluoride 1992; 25(2):55-64Fluorine and other trace elements in hair by X-ray fluorescence analysis
Watanabe H, Yoshida Y, Kono K, Watanabe M, Inoue S, Tanioka Y, Dote T, Orita Y, Umebayashi K, Nagaie H *
Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, Japan
* Department of Physical Education, Osaka Dental University, Japan.Summary: We studied the effects of sampling areas, sex and aging, the difference between black and white hair, and the statistical distribution in concentrations of fluorine and 11 other elements (Ca, Mg, P, Na, K, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, I, Al) of hair. The concentrations of elements in hair of 437 healthy inhabitants of rural areas and 31 healthy medical studients were determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis. There was no difference of concentrations among the sampling areas. The concentrations of Ca, Mg, P, Na, K, Fe, Cu and Zn in black hair were higher than those in white hair. The concentrations of F, P, Cu, Se, Zn and I were distributed as a normal curve, and those of Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, and Al were distributed as a log-normal curve. There were differences between male and female subjects, with fluorine levels in male hairs being significantly higher than those in female hairs. There were correlations in age in some elements of hair, and the concentration of fluorine in female hairs tended to increase with advancing age. The results suggest that such factors as sex, age, and color of hair must be considered carefully in the analysis of hair elements.
Fluoride 1992; 25(2):65-70Association of vitamin D deficiency with endemic fluorosis in India
Misra UK (1), Gujral RB (2), Sharma VP (3), Bhargava SK (4)
(1) Additional Professor, Department of Neurology
(2) Professor, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
(3) Lecturer, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lucknow, India
(4) Scientist, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, IndiaSummary: In India the clinical manifestations of fluorosis are reported at relatively low water fluoride levels. To investigate the role of nutritional factors, a study was conducted on 147 subjects of 2 villages known to be endemic for fluorosis. Ninety seven percent of the subjects had varying degrees of tooth mottling. Mean drinking water fluoride level was 3.3 ppm (range 0.55 to 11.2). The study group included 78 adults and 69 children. The radiological changes suggestive of fluorosis were present in 20 out of 21 patients for whom radiographs were taken. However, additional features of osteomalacia like osteoporosis (three), triradiate pelvis (two) and growth arrest line (two) were also present. In children in addition to tooth mottling a number of leg deformities were noted which included genu valgum (five), bowing of legs (three) and genu varum (one). Eight children who were subjected to radiological invetigtion had features of rickets like osteoporosis (five), growth arrest line and cupping of lower end of radius and ulna (one each). The radiological changes, raised serum alkaline phosphatase (237 +- 107.6 U/L) and a diet highly deficient in Vitamin D suggested coexistant nutritional rickets or osteomalacia which may be responsible for modifying the clinical picture of fluorosis in our subjects.
Response to this report:
Fluoride 1992; 25(4):191-194
Letter to Editor: Vitamin D and endemic fluorosis
A Mithal and MM Gobhold
The Fluoride Collaborative Study Group, Center for Endocrine Sciences, Sanjay Ghandi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, PO Bx 375, Lucknow 226001, IndiaReply to Mithal and Godbole
UK Misra
Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, PO Box 375, Lucknow 226001, India
Fluoride 1992; 25(2):85-91Fluoride bound to plasma constituents in cattle
Milhaud G *, Diagbouga PS, Joseph-Enriquez B *
* Laboratoire de Pharmacie et Toxicologie, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d'Alfort, 94704 Maisons-Alfort cedex, France
Summary: The technique of dialysis commonly used to measure the extent of drug binding to plasma constituents was used to determine the percentage of fluoride bound to the plasma constituents in cattle. Determinations were carried out on the plasma of 22 cows, from 4 different herds, immediately after blood sampling and, for 8 cows, on a plasma that had been stored at -30¼C for 7, 21, or 60 days. The percentage of fluoride bound to plasma constituents was 20.7 +- 19.2. In one of the herds, the mean value was notably lower (4.8+- 2.8). In the same herd, individual differences were marked. The binding to plasma constituents did not correlate with the ionic fluoride concentrations in the plasma. The 7-day or 21-day deep frezing did not change the results.
Fluoride 1992; 25(3):99-100Guest editorial: Interactions between fluorine and phosphorus
A Machoy-Mokrzynska and Z Machoy
Pomeranian Medical Academy, Szczecin, Poland.
Fluoride 1992; 25(3):101-110Studies on effects of fluoride in 36 villages of Mehsana District, North Gujarat
Chinoy NJ (1), Narayana MV (1), Sequeira E (1), Joshi SM (1), Barot JM (2), Purohit RM (2), Parikh DJ (3), Ghodasara NB (3)
(1) Department of Zoology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380 009, Gujarat, India
(2) Gujarat Jalseva Training Institute, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
(3) National Institute of Occupational Health, Meghaninagar, Shmedabad 380 016, Gujarat, IndiaSummary: A survey was carried out in 36 fluoride endemic villages of Mehsana District of North Gujarat. Urine and blood samples of fluoride-afflicted human population and their drinking water were analysed for fluoride content and compared with samples from different parts of Ahmedabad city (control). The fluoride content in water samples of Ahmedabad city was within the permissible limits, but was high in endemic villages. The urine and serum of individuals from thse villages also showed a higher concentration of fluoride than in the control population. The enhanced Na+ and K+ levels in the urine of the fluorotic populations indicates a probable electrolyte imbalance and altered kidney functions. Similarly, higher activities of serum transaminases (SGOT and SGPT) might be due to altered liver function, since both of these enzymes are known markers (of liver function). Normal steroidogenesis in fluorotic subjects was evident by the unaffected serum testosterone level. Serum cholesterol was also in the normal range which indicates that fluorotic subjects were not suffering from hypercholesterolemia. Serum sialic acid, a known marker for detection of fluorosis, was reduced in cases from endemic villages. This might be due to escalated concentration of glycosaminoglycans, which hinder hormone-receptor interaction. Thus, the above data reveal altered liver and kidney function in fluorosis-afflicted individuals with high urine and serum fluoride but low sialic acid levels compared to normal controls.
Fluoride 1992; 25(3):111-114Fluoride levels in borehole water around Nairobi
Gikunju JK, Githui K, Maitho TE
Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya
Summary: Endemic dental fluorosis is widespread in Kenya. Overall, 30 to 50% of the population are affected, but with regional differences in prevalence and severity. High fluoride levels in drinking water have often been associated with dental fluorosis. The present work was therefore designed to determine the fluoride concentrations in borehole water and the possible public health hazard resulting from drinking water with high fluoride levels in some areas around Nairobi. Water samples from 50 boreholes were collected and fluoride levels determined with a fluoride selective electrode. All samples were analysed in duplicate. The mean fluoride concentration was 4.1 ppm with a standard error (SE) of 0.5 ppm. The maximum concentration of fluoride recorded was 32 ppm while the lowest value was 0.13 ppm. Of all the samples 84% had fluoride concentrations above 0.7 ppm. The results indicate that borehole water may present a potential health hazard to consumers and therefore should be analyzed for fluoride levels before being recommended for domestic or industrial use.
Fluoride 1992; 25(3):115-122Phytotoxic effects of gaseous fluorides on grain crops in the southeast Ukraine
NP Gritsan
Department of Nature Management and Regional Economics Problems, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Moscovskaja 6, Dniepropetrovsk 320600, Ukraine
Summary: A study was carried out to determine the effects of airborne fluorides on grain crops in the south-east part of the Ukraine [Dniepropetrovsk region]. In zones polluted by fluorine-containing industrial emissions, accumulation rates of fluoride in straw of winter wheat and spring barley were 10-200 times higher than unpolluted ones. In the immediate vicinity of the emission source the yield of wheat and barley dropped by 60% and their quality deteriorated. Fumigation experiments in chambers demonstrated the following effects of hydrogen fluoride on 10-day seedlings of wheat and barley: decreased apparent photosynthesis, increased rate of respiration, decreased respiration ratio, increased dry mass, and length and biomass of the above-ground parts. Fluoride accumulation was linear with dose, and coefficients of uptake for both crops were determined under both natural and experimental conditions.
Fluoride 1992; 25(3):123-128A study of damage to hard tissue of goats due to industrial fluoride pollution
Jundong W (1), Chongwan Z (2), Youfa C, Jinxi L, Jieping H, Weifeng W, Jianping C
(1) Department of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
(2) Department of Histology and Embryology, Guiyang Medical College, Guizhou, ChinaSummary: In 40 native goats, 6-10 months old, pastured for 18 months in an area severely polluted by industrial fluoride, bone fluoride was about 10 times higher than in controls. Serum calcium decreased significantly whereas alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased. Mandibles, ribs and teeth, examined by radiography scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showed thinning of compact bone, decrease in bone density, loose and porotic surface of bone, differences in height and mineralizaiton of teeth and abnormal structures of enamel and dentine. Excessive grass fluoride with negative balance of calcium during the dry grass season is the main cause for osteopenia. Moreover, variation of grass fluroide levels and of calcium availability during the green grass and dry grass seasons are key factors which cause significant differences in abrasion of teeth and shortening of life-span.
Fluoride 1992; 25(3):129-134The influence of sodium hydrogen carbonate on the elimination of fluoride in rats
Czarnowski W, Krechinak J *, Wrzesniowska K
* Department of Toxicology, Medical Academy in Gdansk, Poland
Summary: The impact of sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) on fluoride absorption and elimination in rats was investigated. Fluoride levels in urine, bones, teeth and hair were determined in rats receiving sodium fluoride (NaF) in drinking water, alone or in combination with NaHCO3, for 9 weeks. Another group of animals received sodium hydrogen carbonate in drinking water for 5 weeks after termination of the treatment with sodium fluoride.
Fluoride 1992; 25(3):135-142Evaluation of spatial variation in water soluble fluorine content of the soils of different agro-climatic zones of Haryana, India
MS Grewal (1) and IS Dahiya (2)
(1) Department of Soil Science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004 India
(2) Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Research Station, Krishi Gyan Kendra, Rohtak 124001, IndiaSummary: Data on water soluble fluorine (F) content of 470 soil samples (collected at a grid of 10 x 10 km) of the dfferent agro-climatic zones of the Haryana State, India, were statistically analyzed for their spatial variability. The frequency distribution of the data was found to be normal. The mean values of the water soluble F were 4.42, 4.60, 4.23, 2.47 and 2.12 mg/kg for the hot and arid, hot and dry, hot and semi-dry, hot and sub-humid, and hot and humid zones of the state, respectively, with a mean value of 4.19 mg/kg for the entire State. This distribution of the F levels was mainly attributed to the soil pH as a linear correlation between the two parameters was statistically significant. The highest variation of F was observed in the hot and semi-dry zone (coefficient of variation, CV = 54.6%). In other zones the variation was low to medium (CV = 24.1 to 38.4%). Finally, a relationship between standard error and number of observations has been worked out so as to use it to estimate the number of samples to be collected in future F monitoring in the soils of the study area for a given precision and probability level.
Fluoride 1992; 25(3):143-148Underground potable water fluoride levels of the town of Hisar and total fluoride intake of selected families
Gupta S (1), Mehta U (1), Singh A (2)
(1) Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Home Science;
(2) Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture; Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, IndiaSummary: The study was conducted to determine fluoride distribution in underground potable water and total fluoride intake of 15 selected families of the town of Hisar. One hundred and ninety nine underground water samples were colleced from five zones of the town and their fluroide levels determined. Three groups of five families were selected on the basis of fluoride levels in drinking water (Group 1, <1 ppm, Group 2, 2.5 to 3.0 ppm, Group 3 >4 ppm). Three days weighment of cooked food and record of food and water intake were done. Food and water fluoride content were analyzed. The mean water fluoride of the town ranged from 2.26 to 5.55 ppm. The coefficient of variation of the zonal fluroide levels was very high thus making the means unreliable as representative zonal values. The fluoride intake of adolescents and adults of Group 3 was significantly (P<0.01) more than the two other groups. In 4 to 7 year olds, intake of fluoride in Group 3 was significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of Group 1.
Fluoride 1992; 25(3):155-158Protein degradation in skeletal muscle of rabbit during experimental fluorosis
Shashi A (1), Singh JP (2), Thapar SP (3)
(1) Department of Zoology, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
(2) Professor and Head, Department of Biotechnolog, Punjabi University
(3) Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludiana, IndiaSummary: Sixty albino rabbits, ranging in weight from 400 to 650 g, were segregrated into five groups of twelve each. One group of twelve animals served as control. The remaining four groups were given NaF in the concentration of 5, 10, 20 and 50 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively. After 100 days, all the animals were sacrificed and their skeletal muscle was analyzed for proteins and amino acids. Compared with controls the experimental animals, especially those administered 20 and 50 mg/kg of NaF, showed higher degradation of proteins and amino acids. The amount of proteins and amino acids decreased in intoxicated animals as the dose of fluoride was increased.
Fluoride 1992; 25(4):166-168A Tribute to John R Marier
Dyson Rose
Alcove, Quebec, CanadaJohn H Marier (1925 - 1992)
Jeff Marier
Ottawa, CanadaExcerpt from Jeff Marier's tribute to John Marier: ... In 1967 he was awarded the Canada Centennial Medal "for outstanding research on trace elements". The 1958 Marier and Boulet method for citric acid analysis (Journal of Dairy Science 41 1683-92 1958) was identified as one of the most cited articles in its field and was designated a "Citation Classic" in 1983. (Current Contents 14 (46) 21-2 1983).
In 1970 he became a member of the Environmental Secretariat were he authored or co-authored five reports on various environmental topics, including Environmental Fluroide (1971, 1977). He also assisted in the development of a computerized database of pollution-relevant bibliographic references (PIP) in 1971. By 1979 he had been promoted to the "Professional" staff, as far as I know the only member of NRCC [National Research Council of Canada] to achieve this feat without a university degree. Also in that year, he was apointed to the panel charged with supervision of the health studies relating to pollution of Cornwall Island, on behalf of Canada's Minister of Health... In February 1988, he was awarded the distinguished title of Researcher Emeritus by NRC "in recognition of his outstanding contribution to the advancement of research." This was his most cherished award. In 1963 he co-authored both "Accumulation of skeletal fluoride and its implications (Archives of Environmental Health 6 664-71) and "Hard waters and heart diesease" (British Medical Journal Sept 14 686-687). His last publication was "Intakes of magnesium and fluoride and some systemic effects" (Proceedings of the Finnish Dental Society 87 581-94 1991)... In addition to his scientific achievements, John Marier was an award-winning music composer and dedicated family man. Many people will miss him.
[Note from EC: The night before Christmas several years ago I took a break from wrapping presents and started to read the NRCC's report, Environmental Fluoride (1977), co-authored by Marier. I could barely put it down. It was so superior to the ATSDR's Toxicologal Profile on Fluoride (1993), so informative, and so well written. It was a dog-earred copy before I started reading it, and its condition is even worse today. When I think of this report I have hope because a fine government-sponsored report on fluoride did get published. I look forward to the day when this happens in the U.S. on the fluroide issue.]
Fluoride 1992; 25(4):169-170Report on the Fifth Fluorine Symposium in Szczecin [Poland]:
Biological risks posed by fluorine compounds
A Machoy-MokrzynskaIntroduction to the Fifth Fluorine Symposium in Poland
GW Miller
Secretary, International Society for Fluoride Research, Logan, Utah, USA
Fluoride 1992; 25(4):171-174Interaction of fluoride ions with milk proteins studied by gel filtration
Wieczorek P, Sumujlo D, Chlubek D, Machoy Z
Department of Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical Academy, Szczecin, Poland
Summary: The interaction of fluoride ions with the bovine milk protein a-lactalbumin, type 1 a-casein, b-casein, and k-casein was studied at pH 6.6, 5.5 and 3.9. At pH 6.6 and 5.5 fluoride ions do not combine with any of these protein. However, at pH 3.9 they combine with a-lactalbumin.
Fluoride 1992; 25(4):175-182Effect of fluoride toxicity on leaf area, net assimilation rate and relative growth rate of Hordeum vulgare and Zea mays
S Rathore
Indira Gandhi Centre for Human Ecology, Environmental and Population Studies, University of Rajastan, Jaipur (Raj.) 302004 India
Summary: Various concentrations of sodium fluoride (5-500 ppm) were sprayed every two weeks on Hordeum vulgare K-24 and Zea mays local dwarf. The observations, recorded at two week intervals, indicated that significant reductions in leaf area, net assimilation rate and relative growth rate were induced by higher concentrations of fluoride in both crop plants. Control plants remained healthy. Hordeum vulgare could not tolerate a fluoride concentration beyond 100 ppm while Zea mays tolerated up to 500 ppm.
Fluoride 1992; 25(4):183-190The fluorosis problem in tropical sheep
UN Samal * and BN Naik
* Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Orissa, India
Summary: A study of sheep subsisting on fluoride-contaminated forage (up to 390.0 ppm) in the vicinity of an aluminium factory was undertaken to determine fluorotic lesions in their incisors. Of 83 sheep examined, 67.5% (aged 1 to 3, 3 to 5, 5 to 7 and above 7 years) showed mild to severe degrees of dental lesions and ruptured/chipped-off edges. Their serum and milk fluoride levels were increased during the study period. In addition, urinary fluroide was 10.2 to 57.6 ppm, whereas a maximum of 2.40 ppm fluoride was recoreded from controls.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11842782&dopt=AbstractNed Tijdschr Tandheelkd 1992 Jan;99(1):24-8
[Cessation of fluoridation of drinking water; results of caries research in Tiel and Culemborg in the period of 1968-1988]
[Article in Dutch]
Kalsbeek H, Kwant GW, Groeneveld A, Backer Dirks O, van Eck AA, Theuns HM.
Nederlands Instituut voor Praeventieve Gezondheidszorg (NIPG-TNO) te Leiden.
In December 1973 water fluoridation was discontinued in Tiel, the Netherlands. Six years later an epidemiological study was started, with the aim to investigate the consequences. In the period from 1979 to 1988 a yearly caries investigation was carried out in 15 year old children born and living in Tiel and children living in the control town of Culemborg, where the drinking water had never been fluoridated. The 15 year old children in 1979-1980 in Tiel had a 18% higher caries experience than the same age group in 1968-1969, to whom fluoridated water had been available from birth onward. In the same period a 28% decrease of the caries was found in Culemborg. In 1979-1980 the DMFS-index in Tiel was still 36% lower than in Culemborg. Between 1979-1980 and 1987-1988 the caries experience decreased in both towns.
PMID: 11842782 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1460672&dopt=AbstractJ Natl Cancer Inst 1992 Dec 16;84(24):1903-9
Cancer incidence and mortality in workers exposed to fluoride.
Grandjean P, Olsen JH, Jensen OM, Juel K.
Department of Environmental Medicine, Odense University, Denmark.
BACKGROUND: Although a recent bioassay showed increased frequency of bone cancer in rats with high oral intake of fluoride, the data are reported as equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity. In humans, occupational fluoride exposure may cause skeletal fluorosis, and our earlier follow-up of fluoride-exposed workers showed increased incidence of respiratory cancers.
PURPOSE: To further evaluate occupational fluoride exposure as a carcinogenic risk factor, we extended by approximately one decade the follow-up of a cohort of 425 men and 97 women employed for at least 6 months in the period 1924-1961 at the Copenhagen cryolite processing plant. Cryolite ore contains about 50% fluoride.
METHODS: Cancer mortality was determined for the period 1941-1989, and incidence for 1943-1987. For comparison, we used national mortality rates and cancer incidence rates for the Copenhagen area.
RESULTS: Among the men, 300 deaths occurred; 223 were expected. Respiratory (lung and laryngeal) cancers and violent death were responsible for most of this excess; rates for mortality from cardiovascular disease were close to the rates expected. Of the 423 male workers, 119 developed cancers; 103.6 were expected. There was excess incidence of cancers of the lungs (35 men; standard incidence ratio [SIR] = 1.35), larynx (5 men; SIR = 2.29), and urinary bladder (17 men; SIR = 1.84). Maximum incidence occurred after 10-19 years of employment, but otherwise, no stable relationship between cancer incidence and duration of employment was observed. The incidence of respiratory and urinary cancers was particularly high in men less than 35 years old at first employment. Cancers in female workers were too few to allow detailed evaluation.
CONCLUSIONS: The increased incidence of respiratory cancers suggests that cigarette smoking was frequent in this cohort, despite the unremarkable cardiovascular mortality, but the disproportionate increase in the incidence of bladder cancer is difficult to explain by smoking habits alone. Because this industrial cohort was exposed to high concentrations of fluoride dust, heavy respiratory exposure to fluoride may have contributed to the increased cancer risk. If these workers inhaled a carcinogenic substance partly excreted in the urine, an increased incidence of respiratory and bladder cancers would not be inconceivable.
IMPLICATION: The potential role of fluoride as a cause of bladder cancer needs to be explored.
PMID: 1460672 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1493555&dopt=AbstractBr Poult Sci 1992 Dec;33(5):1077-84
Biological chick procedure to determine fluoride availability in sepiolite.
Tortuero F.
Instituto de Alimentacion Animal del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Espana.
1. A modified fluoride (F) bioassay procedure based on the method of standard additions and using chicks was tested for the determination of F availability in sepiolite. Chicks were distributed between a control group fed on a basal diet and experimental groups fed on this diet supplemented with 100, 200 or 300 mg/kg F as sodium fluoride. A further group was fed on the basal diet plus 2 g/kg sepiolite.
2. Body weight gain and food consumption during a 60 or 90 d study were similar for all treatments.
3. Ileal digestibility of F from the basal diet or from the diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg F as sodium fluoride was higher (0.907) than for chicks fed on the sepiolite diet (0.152).
4. Increases in the F contents of tibia ash were linearly related to dietary F concentration as sodium fluoride.
5. F contents of tibiae from the sepiolite group (at 60 or 90 d of age) were plotted against tibia F concentrations from groups receiving additional sodium fluoride in the diet. A weighted regression was performed. The values obtained for the relative available F from sepiolite were 0.213 and 0.150, respectively, at 60 and 90 d of age.
PMID: 1493555 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1384881&dopt=AbstractVestn Ross Akad Med Nauk 1992;(4):59-60
[Assessment of total mutagenic activity of harmful factors of the industrial environment at the metallurgy plants of South Ural]
[Article in Russian]
Zolotova OV, Petrov BA.
Harmful factors of the industrial environment of the steel plants are represented by sulfur- and arsenic-containing compounds, nitrogen and carbon oxides, aerosols of heavy and rare metals, fluorine compounds whose concentrations exceed the maximum allowable ones in the air of the working place. The results of the cytogenetic examination of metallurgists attest to the pronounced total mutagenic activity of unfavourable factors of the industrial environment, among which the key role is played by arsenic, fluorine and heavy metal compounds.
Publication Types: Clinical TrialPMID: 1384881 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1626884&dopt=AbstractAnn N Y Acad Sci 1992 Jun 16;653:356-66
Mongoose rabies in the Caribbean.
Everard CO, Everard JD.
Leptospira Laboratory, St. Michael, Barbados.
Mongooses (Herpestes auropunctatus) have been introduced into most of the larger Caribbean islands, some notable exceptions being Dominica, Tobago, and Montserrat. Rabies in Caribbean mongooses is present in Puerto Rico, Cuba, the Dominican Republic (and presumably Haiti), and Grenada. Bat rabies is known on Cuba, Grenada, and Trinidad, although mongooses found on Trinidad are free of the disease. None of the other islands is known to have rabies, although it could be present in sequestered bat populations. All reported case numbers of mongoose rabies in the Caribbean are underestimates, and available information is at best incomplete and at times fragmentary. Nevertheless, data are presented from the four affected islands. Mongoose reduction campaigns have been undertaken on Cuba and Grenada. In Cuba strychnine sulfate inoculated into labeled eggs is used, whereas in Grenada sodium fluoroacetate (1080) has been used in boiled cowhide baits. Mongoose poisoning is unsatisfactory and ineffective in the long-term. Because many mongooses naturally exposed to rabies virus develop serum neutralizing antibodies and are considered to be immunized, possibly for life, vaccination in the wild has been under consideration since the mid-1970s. Early attempts to produce a pill coated with ERA vaccine for enteric absorption in mongooses were not very successful, but new modified vaccines and recombinant techniques hold considerable promise.
Publication Types:
- Review
- Review, Tutorial
PMID: 1626884 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1609740&dopt=AbstractAm Ind Hyg Assoc J 1992 May;53(5):298-302
The development of cleanup criteria for an acutely toxic pesticide at a contaminated industrial facility.
LaGoy PK, Bohrer RL, Halvorsen FH.
OHM Remediation Services Corp., Walnut Creek, CA 94596.
Sodium fluoroacetate, a restricted-use rodenticide, was improperly applied to kill rats in a South American steel mill. As a result of this application, several workers were seriously injured. During plant decontamination, cleanup levels were developed to ensure that any residual material remaining at the plant did not pose a health risk. Cleanup levels were developed to prevent significant exposure of workers, who could inhale contaminated dust, contact dust, or soil dust in outdoor areas or on plant floors and who could contact contaminated surfaces. On the basis of a health risk analysis, the following cleanup levels for sodium fluoroacetate were developed--air cleanup levels, 0.05 mg/m3; soil/dust cleanup levels, 100 mg/kg; and wipe sample cleanup levels, 0.2 mg/100 cm2. These risk-based cleanup levels were ultimately used to assist the regulatory agencies in reaching a decision to reopen the plant.
PMID: 1609740 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1437742&dopt=AbstractPol Tyg Lek 1992 Apr 6-13;47(14-15):317-9
[Accidental fatal poisoning with ethyl fluoroacetate]
[Article in Polish]
Sikorski M, Dmochowski A, Safian E.
Osrodka Toksykologicznego Specjalistycznego Przemyslowego Zespolu Opieki Zdrowotnej Poznaniu.
Fluoroacetic salts belong to the most toxic chemicals. They are used for various purposes, and form stable compounds in some plants. A case of poisoning with ethyl fluoroacetate is presented in detail. Diagnostic problems and therapy which failed due to the late diagnosis and dramatic progress in the symptoms of poisoning are also discussed. Fluoroacetic ion alone is non-toxic but in vivo forms fluorotricarboxylic acid, which blocks cellular metabolism at the citrate stage. Symptoms occur with a delay but lethal synthesis of fluorotricarboxylic acid leads to the irreversible cellular dysfunction, especially in CNS and circulatory system. Poisoning may be treated with monoacetin and acetamide. An emphasis is on health hazards resulting from the exposure to fluoroacetate and necessity to observe strictly safety regulations.
PMID: 1437742 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1427189&dopt=AbstractGig Sanit 1992 Mar;(3):28-9
[The late effects of exposure to lead fluoride]
[Article in Russian]
Filin AS, Fadeev AI, Silaev AA.
Effect of lead fluoride dust on the micronuclear reticulocyte content in the bone marrow was shown. Some functional changes in the testicles and increase in the fetal death rate in exposure to 50 mg/m3 of lead fluoride dust were noted.
PMID: 1427189 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1571833&dopt=AbstractCalcif Tissue Int 1992 Feb;50(2):157-64
The effects of protein deficiency and fluoride on bone mineral content of rat tibia.
Likimani S, Whitford GM, Kunkel ME.
Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta 30912-1129.
This study examined the effects of chronic protein deficiency and fluoride administration (10 mg/kg/day), separately or in combination, on rat tibia properties. Protein deficiency increased the bone fluoride concentration and reduced the bone mineral content (BMC) especially at the proximal or growing end which contains mainly cancellous bone. Fluoride administration also reduced BMC, but to a lesser extent, and it resulted in proximal tibia fluoride concentrations that were nearly twice those of the distal tibia. The interaction between fluoride administration and the protein content of the diet on BMC was nonsignificant, suggesting that the effects were additive, not multiplicative or synergistic. Fluoride administration, but not protein deficiency, increased bone magnesium levels. It is hypothesized that the reduction in BMC in the areas where the fluoride concentrations were the highest was due to a localized toxic effect of fluoride.
PMID: 1571833 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1536819&dopt=AbstractBr J Ind Med 1992 Feb;49(2):125-30
Prevalence of respiratory disorders among aluminium potroom workers in relation to exposure to fluoride.
Soyseth V, Kongerud J.
Medical Department, Hydro Aluminium, Ardal Aluminium Plant, Norway.
In a survey of 370 aluminium potroom workers in western Norway, bronchial responsiveness, lung function, and respiratory symptoms were studied in relation to occupational exposure to air contaminants in the potroom. Increased prevalences of respiratory symptoms, work related asthmatic symptoms, and abnormal lung function were found in subjects exposed to total fluorides above 0.5 mg/m3 when compared with workers exposed to total fluorides at concentrations of less than 0.5 mg/m3. No significant association between bronchial responsiveness and exposure to fluoride was found and the prevalence of respiratory symptoms was independent of the degree of dust exposure. These findings indicate that work related asthmatic symptoms in potroom workers may be related to exposure to fluorides.
PMID: 1536819 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1297049&dopt=AbstractMed Lav 1992 Sep-Oct;83(5):414-7
Respiratory disorders in aluminium potroom workers.
Kongerud J.
Department of Thoracic Medicine, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Norway.
Epidemiological studies of aluminum potroom workers have been in progress in Norway since 1986. The occurrence of work-related asthmatic symptoms and their determinants were studied. Work-related asthmatic symptoms and airflow limitation were closely associated with duration of potroom employment. A significant relationship between current fluoride exposure and work-related asthmatic symptoms was observed in a smaller, cross-sectional population where a detailed exposure classification was carried out. A similar association and also a dose-response gradient was found in a longitudinal study of new employees. The existence of occupational asthma in aluminium potroom workers was confirmed by characteristic patterns of repeated peak flow measurements supported by changes in methacholine responsiveness in workers with suspected work-related asthma. Current smoking as a risk factor for work-related asthmatic symptoms was observed both in cross-sectional and in longitudinal investigations. Similarly to current fluoride exposure, a dose-response gradient was demonstrated in the association between work-related asthmatic symptoms and current amount of tobacco smoked. Allergy was not shown to be a determinant of work-related asthmatic symptoms in any part of the investigation. A family history of asthma and previous occupational exposure may have had some influence on the risk of developing symptoms but the findings were inconsistent and probably of minor importance. Methacholine challenge seemed inappropriate for the screening of aluminium potroom workers in order to detect work-related asthmatic symptoms, but was closely correlated to the severity of symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PMID: 1297049 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1536604&dopt=AbstractArch Environ Contam Toxicol 1992 Feb;22(2):242-6
The effect of dietary sodium fluoride on internal organs, breast muscle, and bones in captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius).
Bird DM, Carriere D, Lacombe D.
Raptor Research Centre of McGill University, Quebec, Canada.
In 1982, 29 7-day-old American kestrel (Falco sparverius) chicks from captive stock were randomly assigned to one of three dietary regimens:
(1) 10 birds were fed daily with cockerel mash (0 ppm of F-: control birds);
(2) 10 birds were fed daily with cockerel mash containing 1,120 ppm of F-;
(3) 9 birds were fed daily with cockerel mash containing 2,240 ppm of F-.
Growth of the kestrels was not significantly affected by NaF in their diet. No significant differences were found among the 3 groups for length of duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Rectum was longer as more fluoride was added to the diet. Weights of adrenals, brain, gizzard, spleen, heart, kidneys, liver, pancreas, and pectoral muscle were not significantly affected by treatment, although kidneys, spleen and adrenals tended to become lighter. Percent bone ash was significantly (P less than 0.05) increased, while bone breaking strength was significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased by treatment.
PMID: 1536604 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1404074&dopt=AbstractJ Public Health Dent 1992 Fall;52(5):288-91
Fluoride concentrations in human and rat bone.
Eble DM, Deaton TG, Wilson FC Jr, Bawden JW.
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7455.
The most recent report on fluoride concentrations ([F]) in human bone was published over a decade ago. Such data are of interest in the context of changing patterns in systemic fluoride exposure. In the study reported here, bone samples were collected from 24 human subjects who underwent orthopedic surgery. Medical histories and the best possible life-time systemic fluoride exposure information were obtained from each subject. Bone samples were assayed for fluoride concentration using the acid diffusion, ion selective electrode method. For ash from whole bone, the lowest value was 378 ppm in a 16-year-old subject, and the highest value was 3,708 ppm in a 79-year-old person. Fluoride concentrations in bone were significantly correlated with age (r = .62). The regression line intercept at birth was 442 ppm, and the slope was 22 ppm per year. When measured separately, trabecular bone ash fluoride concentrations were significantly higher than the corresponding cortical bone values. Trabecular and cortical bone samples from rats' drinking water containing 75 ppm F were assayed for F. The mean trabecular bone fluoride concentration was significantly higher than the mean cortical bone concentration. There was close agreement between F assay results using a modification of the acid diffusion method and the method originally reported by Singer and Armstrong. The human bone ash [F] values reported in this study are similar to those reported from other North American subjects over the last three decades. These findings are of interest in the context of evidence indicating increased systemic fluoride exposure in the United States population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PMID: 1404074 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1555726&dopt=AbstractFiziol Zh 1992 Jan-Feb;38(1):42-6
[The effect of sodium fluoride on energy and protein metabolism in the rat liver after experimental ischemia]
[Article in Ukrainian]
Tyrtyshnikov IM, Pedyk VP.
The experimental study of 88 white rats has stated that peroral introduction of sodium fluoride at a rate of 1.2 mg per 100 g of mass in animals during 3 month period is followed by the development of fluoride intoxication, that causes a considerable decrease of liver resistance to ischemia and more vivid disturbances of its energy and protein metabolism. The activity of the restoration plastic processes after ischemia decreases. A conclusion is drawn that fluoride can influence the seriousness of illness, ischemia underlying it.
PMID: 1555726 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]Note from FAN. Definition of Ischemia: local anemia due to mechanical obstruction (mainllly arterial narrowing) of the blood suply. [G ischo, to keep back; + haima, blood] -
ref: Stedman's Concise Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions. Illustrated 4th Edition.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1554243&dopt=AbstractArch Environ Contam Toxicol 1992 Jan;22(1):107-13
The relative sensitivity of competing hydropsychid species to fluoride toxicity in the Cache la Poudre River (Colorado).
Camargo JA, Ward JV, Martin KL.
Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523.
The influence of increased fluoride concentrations generated by a wastewater treatment plant on the spatial distribution and abundance of benthic larvae of Hydropsychidae (Insecta, Trichoptera) species in the Cache la Poudre River (Colorado) was examined. Acute lethal concentrations of fluoride ion (F-) to these species were determined in soft water (average value of hardness 40.2 mg CaCO3/L) by static toxicity bioassays. The wastewater treatment plant caused a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in the fluoride concentration at three downstream sampling sites (mean values 1.17, 0.84, and 0.56 mg F-/L at 0.1, 1.6, and 9.2 km downstream sites, respectively) compared with the upstream reference station (0.31 mg F-/L). The 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144-h LC50s (mg F-/L) were 52.6, 25.8, 17.0, 13.4, and 11.5 for Hydropsyche bronta Ross, 102.0, 53.5, 34.7, 27.0, and 21.4 for Hydropsyche occidentalis Banks, and 128.0, 73.2, 42.5, 31.9, and 24.2 for Cheumatopsyche pettiti (Banks). LC50 values for H. bronta were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than LC50 values for the other two test species. Abundance and biomass of all hydropsychid species were significantly (P less than 0.05) lower at the 0.1 km downstream site than at the upstream reference site. H. occidentalis was usually the most abundant species at the reference and 9.2 km downstream stations, with highest abundances at the 9.2 km downstream site. C. pettiti was dominant at 0.1 and 1.6 km downstream sites, showing higher abundances at the 1.6 km downstream site than at the upstream reference site. H. bronta was never collected at 0.1 and 1.6 km downstream sites, but was abundant at the upstream reference site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PMID: 1554243 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1536401&dopt=AbstractAnaesthesia 1992 Jan;47(1):32-3
Inorganic fluoride in prolonged isoflurane sedation.
Breheny FX.
Intensive Care Unit, Fremantle Hospital, Australia.
An 18-year-old girl received isoflurane sedation for 48 h to facilitate mechanical ventilation. This resulted in a serum inorganic fluoride level of 37.3 mumol.l-1 when the isoflurane was stopped. As the serum fluoride level may continue to rise after isoflurane and as this level is approaching toxicity, the role of isoflurane sedation in the critically ill should be approached cautiously.
PMID: 1536401 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1487331&dopt=AbstractInt Arch Occup Environ Health 1992;64(5):343-6
Serum fluoride as an indicator of occupational hydrofluoric acid exposure.
Kono K, Yoshida Y, Watanabe M, Tanioka Y, Orita Y, Dote T, Bessho Y, Takahashi Y, Yoshida J, Sumi Y.
Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, Japan.
To define the relationship between ionic fluoride concentration in the serum of workers and the amount of hydrofluoric acid (HF) in the work environment, pre-and postshift serum and urine samples of 142 HF workers and 270 unexposed workers were examined. The maximum and minimum concentrations of HF in the air in each workshop varied from the mean by less than 30%. The preexposure levels of serum and urinary fluoride in HF workers were higher (P < 0.001) than the control values. This suggests that fluoride excretion from the body continues for at least 12h. The postshift serum and urinary fluoride concentrations of these workers were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the preshift concentrations. A good correlation (r = 0.64) was obtained between postshift serum fluoride and postshift urine fluoride. There was a linear relationship between mean serum fluoride concentration and HF concentration in the workshop. A mean fluoride concentration of 82.3 micrograms/l with a lower fiducial limit (95%, P = 0.05) of 57.9 micrograms/l was estimated to correspond to an atmospheric HF concentration of 3 ppm. This is the maximum allowable environmental concentration recommended by the Japanese Association of Industrial Health, and it is also the threshold limit value suggested by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. The results demonstrate that exposure to HF can be monitored by determining the serum fluoride concentration.
PMID: 1487331 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1427324&dopt=AbstractGig Tr Prof Zabol 1992;(3):6-8
[The clinical characteristics of the early stages of occupational fluorosis under the combined and joint action of production factors]
[Article in Russian]
Semennikova TK, Zhovtiak EP, Likhacheva EI, Kolmogortseva VM, Kraeva SL, Shcherbakov SV.
Over 1000 workers of hydrofluoric and cryolite enterprises and electrolysis shops of aluminium enterprises were examined. Subjects exposed to soluble hydrofluorides presented in the early stage of chronic intoxication with a variety of syndromes, that was characteristic of intoxication with poisons of general toxic action with involvement of hepatobiliary, digestive, circulatory and autonomic nervous systems. Combined exposure to fluoric compounds, heating microclimate and electromagnetic fields results in a graver involvement of the circulatory and autonomic nervous systems. Clinical and experimental data show, that osteoarthrosis deformans of the major joints (primarily elbow joint) must be regarded as one of the symptoms of fluorosis, when other intoxication signs are present.
PMID: 1427324 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1425895&dopt=Abstract
Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1992;43(3):295-7Effect of age on the disposition of sodium fluoride.
Jeandel C, Lapicque F, Netter P, Bannwarth B, Monot C, Gillet P, Payan E, Guillaume M, Cuny G.
Departement de Pharmacologie Clinique, URA CNRS 1288, Nancy, France.
Sodium fluoride (NaF) is used in the treatment of axial osteoporosis and so is mostly given to old patients. Since its pharmacokinetics has not been studied in the elderly, the pharmacokinetics of an enteric-coated tablet containing 50 mg NaF has been investigated in 15 aged inpatients (aged 65 to 75 y) and 12 young healthy volunteers (aged 21 to 26 y). The serum AUC of fluoride was 1.7-time higher in older than in younger subjects. There was a strong inverse correlation between the AUC and either body surface area (BSA) or glomerular filtration rate (GFR), both of which were very much lower in the elderly. This concluded that if efficacy or safety are related to the bioavailability of fluoride, it may be valuable to adjust the dosage of fluoride accordingly to the GFR and BSA.
PMID: 1425895 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1570580&dopt=AbstractS Afr Med J 1992 Mar 21;81(6):312-4
Exposure of surgeons-in-training to radiation during intramedullary fixation of femoral shaft fractures.
Coetzee JC, van der Merwe EJ.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Stellenbosch.
Owing to the continuous turnover of registrars and radiographers, most of the trauma-related orthopaedic surgery in this academic hospital is done by inexperienced surgeons-in-training and the fluoroscopy by junior radiographers. This could result in excessive radiation doses. Calibrated lithium fluoride thermoluminescent chips were secured to various parts of the primary surgeon's body to quantify the radiation dose received during the insertion of an intramedullary nail. Closed intramedullary fixation of 15 fractures of the femur was done with interlocking as necessary. The total average exposure time was 14 minutes 45 seconds per procedure. Distal locking took up 31% of this time. The mean radiation dose to the surgeon's eyes and thyroid was 0.13 mGy and to the dominant hand 2.10 mGy. This would allow the performance of about 350 such procedures per year before the maximum permissible dose level was reached. Recommendations to decrease irradiation dosage are made.
PMID: 1570580 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1553929&dopt=AbstractAm J Gastroenterol 1992 Apr;87(4):429-31
Radiation exposure during gastroenterologic fluoroscopy: risk assessment for pregnant workers.
Krueger KJ, Hoffman BJ.
Division of Gastroenterology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston.
With more females in childbearing years participating in fluoroscopic examinations, safety guidelines need to be evaluated. Present recommendations suggest limiting fetal irradiation to less than 500 mrem (0.5 rad) during gestation, and to avoid doses above 100 mrem (0.1 rad) from 8 to 15 wk postconception. The average radiation dose delivered per case was monitored during 10 therapeutic biliary procedures with lithium fluoride dosimeters worn at the endoscopist's collar, over the suprapubic region outside a knee-length 0.5-mm leaded equivalent apron, and inside the apron over the mid-pelvis. A short survey of 15 female technicians and physicians was conducted to gather their opinions about working in fluoroscopy during pregnancy. We found that radiation doses beneath the leaded apron were comparable to environmental exposure. The dose measured at the endoscopist's collar was 0.083 mrem/min. The dose over the pelvis was 0.044 mrem/min. The survey revealed that 13 of those interviewed would not feel safe working near fluoroscopy, and 12 wished to be excluded from fluoroscopy if they became pregnant. We conclude that a high level of anxiety regarding fetal safety exists among females participating in fluoroscopic procedures. In this study, with proper use of standard safety equipment, radiation exposure does not exceed those levels currently recommended to avoid during pregnancy.
PMID: 1553929 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1581140&dopt=AbstractCurr Opin Rheumatol 1992 Apr;4(2):138-44
Epidemiology of the rheumatic diseases.
Kwoh CK.
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania.
Replication of similar findings in diverse study populations using different study designs provides important evidence for causal inferences regarding risk factors reported in epidemiologic studies. Risk factors for knee osteoarthritis have been substantiated in a number of cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort studies. Longitudinal cohort studies have also added to our understanding of risk factors associated with hip osteoarthritis and hand osteoarthritis. In contrast, studies of hormonal and reproductive factors and the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis continue to report conflicting results, and the importance of these risk factors remains unresolved. Recent studies suggest that the protective effect is limited only to the development of definite rheumatoid arthritis with a more severe clinical course. Cross-sectional studies of diverse populations show consistent age- and gender-specific differences in the rates of hip fracture among persons of Japanese ancestry and rates among several different groups of whites in the United States. The results of a population-based longitudinal cohort study suggest that women who live in communities where the drinking water has a high content of fluoride have a greater risk of osteoporosis and subsequent fractures than those living in communities with low fluoride in the drinking water. Finally, several recent reports provide additional evidence of the increasing incidence of acute rheumatic fever in the United States and other parts of the world.
Publication Types:
- Review
- Review, Tutorial
PMID: 1581140 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1526362&dopt=AbstractFundam Appl Toxicol 1992 May;18(4):504-14
Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) oligomer pharmacokinetics in Fischer 344 rats: development of a physiologically based model.
Vinegar A, Seckel CS, Pollard DL, Kinkead ER, Conolly RB, Andersen ME.
Mantech Environmental Technology Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45431-0009.
The hydraulic fluid oil polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) is hepato- and nephrotoxic in the rat. Male Fischer 344 rats were exposed to PCTFE either for a single 6-hr exposure (0.5 or 0.25 mg/liter) or daily 5 days/week, 6 hr/day, for 13 weeks (0.5, 0.25, or 0.01 mg/liter). Blood, tissue, and urinary PCTFE concentrations measured postexposure were used to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PB-PK) model. The PCTFE hydraulic fluid used was a mixture of trimeric and tetrameric oligomers with minor amounts of other chain lengths. The PB-PK model was designed to describe the behavior, not of individual oligomers, but of total mass for the trimer and tetramer in each tissue. Partition coefficients were estimated using the model to optimize tissue/blood concentration ratios measured at the end of the 13-week exposure. First-order metabolic rate constants for both trimeric (2.0 hr-1) and tetrameric (1.0 hr-1) portions were estimated by optimization against urinary fluoride data assuming release of 0.77 mole fluoride per mole trimer and 0.844 mole fluoride per mole tetramer metabolized. To obtain accurate simulation of pharmacokinetic data it was necessary to hypothesize two fat compartments with diffusion-limited exchange of PCTFE oligomer with the blood. Relative concentrations of trimer and tetramer in venous blood, liver, and fat after a single 6-hr exposure were proportional to inhaled concentrations. Tetramer accumulated preferentially with multiple exposure. Components of PCTFE were metabolized to carboxylic acids with release of fluoride. Due to their persistence tetrameric oligomers appear to be more important than trimeric oligomers as causative agents of PCTFE hepato- and nephrotoxicity in the rat.
PMID: 1526362 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1342272&dopt=AbstractAnn Epidemiol 1992 May;2(3):213-30
A community-based epidemiologic study of health sequelae of exposure to hydrofluoric acid.
Dayal HH, Brodwick M, Morris R, Baranowski T, Trieff N, Harrison JA, Lisse JR, Ansari GA.
University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550.
An accident at an oil refinery in Texas City, Texas, released around 40,000 lb of hydrogen fluoride, exposing the community to the highly toxic and corrosive substance. A population-based epidemiologic study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the accident on the health of the community. Exposure assessment was done using a multipronged approach through a door-to-door survey of 10,811 individuals. A symptom survey resulting in 1994 completed interviews was conducted with a stratified random sample selected from the exposure study database. The sampling was balanced with respect to age, gender, and predisposition across the three ordinal exposure categories. The results show a strong dose relationship (P < 10(-4)) between the exposure and symptoms reported following the accident and 2 years later, most notably breathing and eye symptoms. However, substantial improvement in health was reported over the 2-year period regardless of the level of exposure. Problems of recall bias and behavioral sensitization are considered and it is recognized that the study may have overestimated the effect. It is also recognized that the study may not have completely unraveled the relative importance of exposure and host response in health outcome, since the two were probably conflated in the exposure measure. Nevertheless, the independence of predisposition and reported level of exposure, the magnitude of effect and its consistency, the unmistakable dose response, the large sample size, and the mutual corroboration of various findings make it difficult to dismiss the interpretation that the hydrofluoric acid exposure indeed caused health problems in the community that continued for at least 2 years after the accident.
PMID: 1342272 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1607442&dopt=AbstractJ Dent Res 1992 May;71(5):1249-54
No Abstract available
Acute and chronic fluoride toxicity.
Whitford GM.
Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta 30912-1129.
Publication Types:
- Review
- Review, Tutorial
PMID: 1607442 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1568058&dopt=AbstractBull Environ Contam Toxicol 1992 Jun;48(6):821-7
No Abstract available
Residues of methyl bromide and sulfuryl fluoride in manufacturer-packaged household foods following fumigation.
Scheffrahn RH, Bodalbhai L, Su NY.
Ft. Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ft. Lauderdale 33314-7700.
PMID: 1568058 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1644787&dopt=AbstractJ Biol Buccale 1992 Jun;20(2):97-102
Metabolism of glycogen in submandibular glands of rats. Alteration by NaF.
Nicolau J, Ribeiro DM.
Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica USP, Sao Paulo, Brasil.
Submandibular glands of rats injected with NaF solution (10 mg F-/kg body weight) were analysed for glycogen content and phosphorylase activity after various time intervals. In contrast to what has been reported for the liver, sodium fluoride caused increased glycogen content. Phosphorylase (a and total) activity was not affected, suggesting a different mechanism of action of F- in the submandibular gland. In vivo experiments demonstrated stimulation of glycogenesis.
PMID: 1644787 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1391617&dopt=AbstractChem Res Toxicol 1992 Jul-Aug;5(4):512-9
A comparative toxicological investigation of perfluorocarboxylic acids in rats by fluorine-19 NMR spectroscopy.
Goecke CM, Jarnot BM, Reo NV.
Department of Biochemistry/Kettering Scott Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45429.
Male Fischer-344 rats administered a single intraperitoneal dose of perfluoro-n-octanoic acid (PFOA) or perfluoro-n-decanoic acid (PFDA) display a similar "wasting toxicity" characteristic of perfluorocarboxylic acids, with marked differences in temporal expression. Food/water consumption and urine output were monitored daily in PFOA-treated, PFDA-treated, and control rats. Fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to monitor these fluorocarbons and possible fluoro metabolites in vivo, and to correlate differences in elimination with differences in effective toxicity. The data reveal a prolonged hypophagic response to PFDA and a more acute but transient response associated with PFOA treatment. PFOA causes a greater decline in food consumption than PFDA within the first 24 h postdose. PFOA-treated rats also show a ca. 2.5-fold increase in urine output on day 1, with only a slight increase in water consumption. In contrast to PFDA, PFOA-treated rats recover from hypophagia within 8 days. Fluorine-19 NMR spectra of various bodily fluids and liver in vivo display resonances of the parent PFOA or PFDA compounds and do not reveal any evidence of metabolism. Inorganic fluoride from dietary sources is detected in urine from both exposed and control rats. Differences in the route of excretion of PFOA vs PFDA are apparent from the spectral signal-to-noise ratio. The data suggest that PFOA is more readily excreted in the urine while PFDA is preferentially carried in bile. These apparent differences in elimination may account for their observed differences in effective toxicity. The acute transient toxicity and higher LD50 associated with PFOA may result from its rapid renal clearance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PMID: 1391617 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1451565&dopt=AbstractChin Med J (Engl) 1992 Jul;105(7):586-90
Syndrome of endemic arsenism and fluorosis. A clinical study.
Huang YZ, Qian XC, Wang GQ, Gu YL, Wang SZ, Cheng ZH, Xiao BY, Gang JM, Wu JY, Kan MY, et al.
Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical College, Urumqi.
Sixty-five patients in Xinjiang with syndrome of endemic arsenism and fluorosis (SEAF) were investigated clinically from March 1982 to August 1989. SEAF is a kind of chronic syndrome resulting from the combined, harmful effects of two trace elements, arsenic and fluorine. Peripheral neuritis and cardiovascular changes were observed in this syndrome more often than in simple arsenism or simple fluorosis. The excessive quantities of these two trace elements in blood might have a synergic, harmful effect on the nervous and circulatory systems. No definite conclusion could be reached with regard to the morbidity of skin and visceral tumors in this series. The incidence of associated skin cancer was found to be 7.7% and an associated Grade II squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus was encountered in one patient.
PMID: 1451565 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1629454&dopt=AbstractJ Dent Res 1992 Jul;71(7):1382-8
Fluoride intake from beverage consumption in a sample of North Carolina children.
Pang DT, Phillips CL, Bawden JW.
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of North Carolina, School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill 27599-7450.
Since the 1940's, the prevalence of dental fluorosis has increased in the US, concomitant with a reduction in dental decay. These changes have been attributed in part to the widespread use of systemic and topical fluorides. Various sources of increased systemic fluoride exposure have been investigated. However, little is known regarding fluoride intake from beverages in a sample of children of ages susceptible to dental fluorosis. The purpose of this study was to estimate the amount of fluoride ingested from beverages by a sample of North Carolina (NC) children of ages 2-10 years. Data on beverage consumption were collected by means of a diary format. A questionnaire was included so that demographic information and self-assessment on the accuracy of the diaries could be obtained. Beverages reported in the diaries were purchased, and their fluoride content was assayed. Daily total fluid intake ranged from 970 to 1240 mL, and daily beverage consumption ranged from 585 to 756 mL. The estimated mean daily fluoride intakes from beverages for children 2-3, 4-6, and 7-10 years of age were 0.36, 0.54, and 0.60 mg, respectively.
PMID: 1629454 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1340960&dopt=AbstractRev Med Chil 1992 Aug;120(8):866-71
[Prevalence of dental fluorosis in Chile: a pilot study]
[Article in Spanish]
Mella S, Atalah E, Aranda W, Montagna R.
Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad de Chile, Santiago.
The prevalence of enamel fluorosis and its severity was studied in 118 young men of 2 socio-economic levels. The subjects were born and resided for at least 6 years in Chilean communities with different natural levels of fluoride in drinking water. There was a high prevalence of enamel defect overall (54%) most of it of mild degree (36%). This was not related to the level of fluoride in drinking water, however further studies are needed since Chilean children are receiving fluoride from other sources. A national program to supplement drinking water with fluoride should take this information into account.
PMID: 1340960 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1475935&dopt=AbstractLik Sprava 1992 Aug;(8):76-8
[The diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthrosis deformans in subjects in contact with fluorine compounds]
[Article in Russian]
Medvedeva VN.
A comparative study is presented of 378 workers with osteoarthrosis deformans (OD) contacting with fluorine compounds and in 106 patients with primary OD. The diagnostic criteria in these two categories of patients coincided. But the pain syndrome in the joints in professional fluorosis (PF) was associated with ossalgias (85%), tenderness of the bones (50.1%) and in 100% by symmetric hyperostosis. OD in PF was accompanied by a more pronounced density, was not accompanied by formation of nodes, and secondary synovitis was 4 times frequent. In OD plus PF males prevailed (96.7 e), and were averagely 10 years younger. In OD+PF treatment diet, calcium agents, glutamic acid should be used that bind and excrete fluorine from the body.
PMID: 1475935 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1502610&dopt=AbstractSouth Med J 1992 Aug;85(8):2S34-42
Fluorides and osteoporosis.
Kleerekoper M, Balena R.
Department of Medicine, Bone and Mineral Division, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Mich.
Sodium fluoride has clearly been shown to have pronounced effects on the skeleton, probably more than any other currently available therapeutic agent. Unfortunately, these effects appear to be both beneficial and potentially toxic at the same time. A more clear understanding is needed of the basic mechanisms whereby these effects (both beneficial and detrimental) are exerted. When such data are forthcoming, it may be possible to modify the therapeutic use of fluoride in osteoporosis and other brittle bone diseases such that the beneficial effects outweigh the toxic effects much more completely than is currently the case. Until such time, and despite thirty years of meaningful clinical investigation, we must conclude that sodium fluoride has no role in clinical medicine outside the confines of properly conducted clinical research studies.
Publication Types:
- Review
- Review, Tutorial
PMID: 1502610 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1640574&dopt=AbstractJAMA 1992 Aug 12;268(6):746-8
Comment in:
Hip fractures and fluoridation in Utah's elderly population.
Danielson C, Lyon JL, Egger M, Goodenough GK.
Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84132.
OBJECTIVE--To test the effect of water fluoridated to 1 ppm on the incidence of hip fractures in the elderly.
DESIGN--Ecological cohort.
SETTING--The incidence of femoral neck fractures in patients 65 years of age or older was compared in three communities in Utah, one with and two without water fluoridated to 1 ppm.
PATIENTS--All patients with hip fractures who were 65 years of age and older over a 7-year period in the three communities, excluding (1) those with revisions of hip fractures, (2) those in whom the hip fracture was anything but a first diagnosis, (3) those in whom metastatic disease was present, or (4) those in whom the fracture was a second fracture (n = 246).
OUTCOME MEASURE--Rate of hospital discharge for hip fracture.
RESULTS--The relative risk for hip fracture for women in the fluoridated area was 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08 to 1.46) and for men was 1.41 (95% CI = 1.00 to 1.81) relative to the nonfluoridated areas.
CONCLUSIONS--We found a small but significant increase in the risk of hip fracture in both men and women exposed to artificial fluoridation at 1 ppm, suggesting that low levels of fluoride may increase the risk of hip fracture in the elderly.
PMID: 1640574 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1342313&dopt=AbstractAnn Epidemiol 1992 Sep;2(5):617-26
The association between water fluoridation and hip fracture among white women and men aged 65 years and older. A national ecologic study.
Jacobsen SJ, Goldberg J, Cooper C, Lockwood SA.
Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
For the past 45 years, there has been a great deal of debate regarding the health issues surrounding the fluoridation of public water supplies. In order to assess the association between fluoridation and hip fracture, we identified 129 counties across the United States considered to be exposed to public water fluoridation and 194 counties without exposure. Data from the Health Care Financing Administration and the Department of Veterans Affairs were used to calculate the incidence of hip fracture among white persons, aged 65 years or older, in fluoridated and nonfluoridated counties. There was a small statistically significant positive association between fracture rates and fluoridation. The relative risk (95% confidence interval) of fracture in fluoridated counties compared to nonfluoridated counties was 1.08 (1.06 to 1.10) for women and 1.17 (1.13 to 1.22) for men. As comparisons were made at the grouped level, it may be inappropriate at this time to draw inferences at the individual level. The relationship observed at the county level needs to be duplicated at the individual level with more precise measures of fluoride exposure.
PMID: 1342313 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1297063&dopt=AbstractMed Lav 1992 Sep-Oct;83(5):489-98
Evaluation of fluoride exposure in aluminium smelters: state of the art.
Steinegger AF, Schlatter C.
Alusuisse, Lonza Services Ltd., Chippis, Switzerland.
Measurements for assessment of exposure to fluoride in aluminium smelters were generally introduced about 15 years ago. A good correlation between fluoride levels in the urine and the concentration in the ambient air was found. The results of biological monitoring can be used to avoid the risk of the chronic effects of bone fluorosis. Mean values of numerous individual measurements give only the general situation in the plant concerned. For the identification of individuals with high exposure, the individual values must be considered. The urinary fluoride concentration is highly dependent on the urine rate. To obtain a measurement either from a long-term body burden or a short-term exposure the daily eliminations before work (pre-shift value) or immediately after a shift (post-shift value) must be known. Since the collection of 24-hour urine samples not feasible, it is necessary to correlate the fluoride elimination to the daily creatinine excretion, which amounts on the average to 1.8 g. The role of the HF regarding acute irritation of the respiratory tract is not yet fully clear. More information must be obtained by measuring peak values of short periods of time which are expected to be much higher and also more effective than the average values measured over a whole shift period. The suitable instruments for determination of peak values of HF are not yet available.
PMID: 1297063 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1297051&dopt=AbstractMed Lav 1992 Sep-Oct;83(5):422-7
Histamine provocation test: an effective pre-employment selection method for aluminium workers.
De Looff AJ, Dijkmans AP, Sorgdrager B.
Occupational Health Service Zeeland, Vlissingen, The Netherlands.
A descriptive study was made at a primary aluminium smelter to find evidence of the efficiency of the Histamine Provocation Test as part of a pre-employment examination. 174 cases of potroom asthma were divided into two groups. 157 cases were employed in the years 1970-1981. The second group consisted of 17 men who were employed after the introduction of the HPT in 1982. The urinary fluoride levels showed a lowering in exposure to fluorides during the last five years. Medical data collected at the pre-employment examination was compared between the two groups. There were significantly more smokers in the first group of 157 men. Bronchitis or asthma during childhood was mentioned by many men in the second group. It is concluded that the HPT played an important role in the attempt to reduce the incidence of potroom asthma, followed by greater attention to working conditions.
PMID: 1297051 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1524235&dopt=AbstractAnesth Analg 1992 Oct;75(4 Suppl):S10-6
Characteristics and implications of desflurane metabolism and toxicity.
Koblin DD.
Department of Anesthesia, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121.
The metabolism of desflurane has been assessed both in animals and humans by measuring the appearance of fluoride metabolites (fluoride ion, nonvolatile organic fluoride, trifluoroacetic acid) in blood and urine. Desflurane administered to rats (either pretreated or not pretreated with phenobarbital or ethanol) for 3.2 MAC-hours and to swine for 5.5 MAC-hours produced fluoride ion levels in blood that were almost indistinguishable from values measured in control animals. In contrast, a significant 17% increase in plasma fluoride ion concentration in swine was detected 4 h after exposure to desflurane. In human studies, desflurane administered to patients (3.1 MAC-hours) and volunteers (7.35 MAC-hours) resulted in postanesthesia serum fluoride in concentrations that did not differ from background fluoride ion concentrations. Similarly, postanesthetic urinary excretion of fluoride ion and organic fluoride in volunteers was comparable to preanesthetic excretion rates. Small but statistically significant levels of trifluoroacetic acid were found in both serum and urine from volunteers after exposure to desflurane. Peak serum concentrations averaging 0.38 +/- 0.17 microM trifluoroacetic acid (mean +/- SD) and peak urinary excretion rates averaging 0.169 +/- 0.107 mumol/h were detected in volunteers 24 h after desflurane exposure. Although these increases in trifluoroacetic acid after exposure to desflurane were statistically significant, they are approximately 10-fold less than levels seen after exposure to isoflurane. Desflurane strongly resists biodegradation, and only a small amount is metabolized in animals and humans.
Publication Types:
- Review
- Review, Tutorial
PMID: 1524235 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1298691&dopt=AbstractGig Sanit 1992 Nov-Dec;(11-12):42-4
[Chronic effect of fluorides on the status of the pancreatic insular apparatus of workers]
[Article in Russian]
Tokar VI, Zyrianova VV, Shcherbakov SV.
Decreasing of the insulin concentration and increasing of the C-peptide level in blood serum of 72 workers of cryolytes industries detected by radioimmunological method. These changes were caused by the fluorine intoxication of workers.
PMID: 1298691 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1551879&dopt=AbstractJ Biol Chem 1992 Apr 5;267(10):6710-8
Characterization of the aluminum and beryllium fluoride species which activate transducin. Analysis of the binding and dissociation kinetics.
Antonny B, Chabre M.
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France.
Aluminofluoride and beryllofluoride complexes can activate the heterotrimeric G-proteins by binding next to GDP in the nucleotide site of their G alpha subunit and acting as analogs of the gamma-phosphate of a GTP. However, the exact structures of the activatory complexes in solution as well as those of the bound complexes in the nucleotide site are still disputed. We have studied, by monitoring the activation-dependent tryptophan fluorescence of transducin T alpha subunit, the pF (-log[F-]) and pH dependencies of the kinetics of activation and deactivation of T alpha GDP in the presence of NaF and aluminum or beryllium salts. Comparisons were made with the calculated pF and pH dependencies of the distribution of the metallofluoride complexes, in order to identify the activating species. We observed that the contribution of a magnesium-dependent mechanism of activation by fluoride (Antonny, B., Bigay, J., and Chabre, M. (1990) FEBS Lett. 268, 277-280) and effects due to slow equilibration kinetics between various aluminofluoride complexes could give rise to puzzling kinetics that had caused misinterpretations of previous results. Once corrected for these effects, our results suggest that with aluminum AlF3(OH)- is, rather than AlF4-, the main activating species and that the bound form of the complex is tetracoordinated GDP-AlF3. Deactivation kinetics depend on the free fluoride concentration in the medium, suggesting that the simple bimolecular scheme: T alpha GDP-AlF3 in equilibrium with T alpha GDP+AlF3(OH) does not fully describe the interaction. Fluorides in the bound complexes can also exchange with free F- ions in solution. With beryllium, two complexes are activatory: BeF3-.H2O and BeF2(OH)-.H2O. In the nucleotide site these give two tetracoordinated complexes, GDP.BeF3 and GDP.BeF2(OH), as shown by their different dissociation rates.
PMID: 1551879 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Return to FAN's Pesticide Homepage