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Benfluralin (Benefin). Profile from Hazardous Substances Data Bank.
For updates go to: http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?HSDB
BENEFIN
CASRN: 1861-40-1
For other data, click on the Table of Contents
Human Health Effects:
Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations:
Benefin may cause skin sensitization
reactions in certain individuals.
MAY BE IRRITATING TO SKIN & EYES.
Probable Routes of Human Exposure:
Applicators and field workers are the most likely group for exposure to benefin(SRC).
Judging from the formulations used for field application, the most probable
routes of exposure to benefin among
this group would be inhalation and dermal contact(1,SRC).
PERSONNEL WHO FORMULATE OR APPLY BENEFIN
HAVE NOT EXPERIENCED DISCOMFORT OR UNTOWARD EFFECTS.
Emergency Medical Treatment:
Emergency Medical Treatment:
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The following Overview, *** TRIFLURALIN ***, is relevant for this HSDB record chemical. |
| Life Support: |
o This overview assumes that basic life support measures
have been instituted.
|
| Clinical Effects: |
SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE
0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Trifluralin is irritating to the eyes, and produces
mild skin irritation after prolonged exposure.
Administration of lethal doses to animals results in
CNS and respiratory depression. Adverse effects in
humans have not been described.
HEENT
0.2.4.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o IRRITATION - Lacrimation, photophobia, redness, and
purulent conjunctivitis lasting 5 to 7 days were noted
in rabbits after instillation of trifluralin into the
conjunctival sac.
RESPIRATORY
0.2.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION - Administration of lethal doses
intragastrically to animals resulted in shallow,
infrequent, and interrupted respirations within 20 to
25 minutes, with death from respiratory arrest within 3
hours to 2 days.
NEUROLOGIC
0.2.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o CNS DEPRESSION - Administration of lethal doses
intragastrically to animals produced flaccidity,
adynamia, and tremor.
HEMATOLOGIC
0.2.13.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Unspecified adverse hematologic effects were noted in
rats given chronic doses.
DERMATOLOGIC
0.2.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o HYPEREMIA - Single applications of 5% trifluralin to
the skin was not irritating to rats. Successive daily
applications for 5 days produced mild hyperemia lasting
2 days.
REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS
o In one mouse study, trifluralin administration was
associated with various skeletal anomalies in the
offspring.
CARCINOGENICITY
0.2.21.2 HUMAN OVERVIEW
o CARCINOGENICITY - Chronic trifluralin produced
hepatocellular carcinomas in animals.
GENOTOXICITY
o MUTAGENICITY - Trifluralin is strongly mutagenic in
plants, producing a 3 to 4 times increase in spontaneous
mitoses and chromosomal aberrations.
|
| Laboratory: |
o Monitor complete blood count in patients with significant
exposures.
|
| Treatment Overview: |
SUMMARY EXPOSURE
o There are no specific antidotes. Trifluralin is
irritating to eyes and skin, and potentially to mucous
membranes, and may rapidly produce CNS and respiratory
depression after large ingestions. Dilution followed by
gastric lavage and activated charcoal may be preferable
to ipecac-induced emesis.
ORAL EXPOSURE
o Because of the potential for the rapid development of
CNS and respiratory depression, ipecac-induced emesis is
not recommended.
o DILUTION: Following ingestion and/or prior to gastric
evacuation, immediately dilute with 4 to 8 ounces (120
to 240 mL) of milk or water (not to exceed 15 mL/kg in a
child).
o GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a
potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can
be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1
hour). Protect airway by placement in Trendelenburg and
left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal
intubation. Control any seizures first.
1. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes
or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated
patients; following ingestion of corrosives;
hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at
risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and
trivial or non-toxic ingestion.
o ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as slurry (240
mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in
adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12
years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
o Observe patients with ingestion carefully for the
possible development of esophageal or gastrointestinal
tract irritation or burns. If signs or symptoms of
esophageal irritation or burns are present, consider
endoscopy to determine the extent of injury.
EYE EXPOSURE
o DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious
amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes. If
irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia
persist, the patient should be seen in a health care
facility.
DERMAL EXPOSURE
o DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and wash
exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A
physician may need to examine the area if irritation or
pain persists.
|
| Range of Toxicity: |
o Minimum lethal human exposure is unknown. |
Antidote and Emergency Treatment:
1. SKIN CONTAMINATION SHOULD BE REMOVED PROMPTLY BY WASHING WITH SOAP AND
WATER. CONTAMINATION OF THE EYES SHOULD BE TREATED IMMEDIATELY BY PROLONGED
FLUSHING OF THE EYES WITH COPIOUS AMOUNTS OF CLEAN WATER. IF DERMAL OR OCULAR
IRRITATION PERSISTS, MEDICAL ATTENTION SHOULD BE OBTAINED WITHOUT DELAY. /OTHER
HERBICIDES/
2. INGESTIONS OF THESE HERBICIDES ARE LIKELY TO BE FOLLOWED BY VOMITING AND
DIARRHEA DUE TO THE IRRITANT PROPERTIES OF MOST OF THE TOXICANTS. ... A. IF
LARGE AMOUNTS OF HERBICIDE HAVE BEEN INGESTED, AND IF THE PATIENT IS FULLY ALERT,
INDUCE EMESIS WITH SYRUP OF IPECAC, FOLLOWED BY SEVERAL GLASSES OF WATER. DOSAGE
FOR ADULTS AND CHILDREN OVER 12 YEARS: 30 ML; DOSAGE FOR CHILDREN UNDER 12 YEARS
15 ML. WHEN VOMITING HAS STOPPED, GIVE ACTIVATED CHARCOAL. ADD SORBITOL TO THE
CHARCOAL SLURRY UNLESS DIARRHEA HAS ALREADY COMMENCED. IF, FOR SOME REASON,
THE PATIENT IS NOT FULLY ALERT, PUT IN PLACE A CUFFED ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE TO PROTECT
THE AIRWAY, THEN ASPIRATE AND LAVAGE THE STOMACH WITH A SLURRY OF ACTIVATED
CHARCOAL. LEAVE A QUANTITY OF CHARCOAL, WITH SORBITOL, IN THE STOMACH BEFORE
WITHDRAWING THE STOMACH TUBE. REPEATED ADMINISTRATION OF CHARCOAL AT HALF OR
MORE THE INITIAL DOSAGE EVERY 2-4 HOURS MAY BE BENEFICIAL. /OTHER HERBICIDES/
2. B. IF THE AMOUNT OF INGESTED HERBICIDES WAS SMALL, IF EFFECTIVE EMESIS
HAS ALREADY OCCURRED, OR IF TREATMENT IS DELAYED, ADMINISTER THE ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
AND SORBITOL BY MOUTH. C. IF SERIOUS DEHYDRATION AND ELECTROLYTE DEPLETION HAVE
OCCURRED AS A RESULT OF VOMITING AND DIARRHEA, MONITOR BLOOD ELECTROLYTES AND
AND FLUID BALANCE AND ADMINISTER INTRAVENOUS INFUSIONS OF GLUCOSE, NORMAL SALINE
RINGER'S SOLUTION, OR RINGER'S LACTATE TO RESTORE EXTRACELLULAR FLUID VOLUME
AND ELECTROLYTES. FOLLOW THIS WITH ORAL NUTRIENTS AS SOON AS FLUIDS CAN BE RETAINED.
FLUIDS SERVE TO SUPPORT EXCRETION OF THE TOXICANTS. D. SUPPORTIVE MEASURES ARE
ORDINARILY SUFFICIENT FOR SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT OF EXCESSIVE EXPOSURES TO THESE
HERBICIDES. /OTHER HERBICIDES/
Animal Toxicity Studies:
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts:
IN 10 DAY STUDY OF CATTLE, SHEEP, & CHICKENS ORALLY TREATED ... /WITH/
BENEFIN, POISONING & CHANGES WERE
OBSERVED AT 25 MG/KG/DAY IN CATTLE & 50 MG/KG/DAY IN SHEEP & CHICKENS.
SUBACUTE TOXICITY: SAFE LEVELS AFTER 3 MO FEEDING. RATS 1250 PPM IN DIET;
DOGS 500 PPM (12.5 MG/KG IN CAPSULE ADMIN DAILY)
ATAXIA, WEAKNESS, FALLING. REGURGITATION ALSO OCCURRED IN FIRST 2 HR AFTER
TREATMENT. THE OTHER SIGNS OCCURRED 2 TO 14 DAYS AFTER TREATMENT. ALTHOUGH NO
BIRDS DIED, CONSIDERABLE WT LOSSES HAD OCCURRED BY THE END OF THE 14 DAY OBSERVATION
PERIOD. /FEMALE MALLARDS, ACUTE ORAL/
BENEFIN ... AFFECTS PHYSIOLOGICAL
GROWTH PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH SEED GERMINATION.
BALAN WAS ONE OF A GROUP OF HERBICIDES
TESTED IN ONE OR MORE OF 4 DIFFERENT MICROBIAL SYSTEMS. APPARENTLY NO POINT
MUTATIONS WERE INDUCED.
DATA OBTAINED WITH TECHNICAL BENEFIN
IN RAT, DOG, RABBIT, CHICKEN & FISH INDICATE NO HAZARD TO ANY SPECIES EXCEPT
FISH. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, NAMELY BINDING TO SOIL, & NON-LEACHING, ELIMINATE
THIS PROBLEM.
Skin application of 200 mg/kg and eye application to rabbits produced no irritation.
In 2 yr feeding trials the no-effect level for rats was 1000 mg/kg diet.
Results of a chronic oral bioassay in dogs (four animals/sex/dose) established
a no observed effect level of 25 mg/kg/day that was associated with a slight
depression of erythrocyte counts with no reduction in blood hemoglobin concentrations
or hematocrit, and a lowest observed effect level of 125 mg/kg/day that was
associated with increased relative liver weights and depressed blood hemoglobin
concentrations and hematocrit.
Emulsifiable concentrate formulations containing benfin have caused severe
eye irritation in laboratory animals. Benefin
may cause skin sensitization reactions in certain individuals.
Non-Human Toxicity Values:
LD50 Rat oral >10,000 mg/kg
LD50 Mouse oral >5000 mg/kg
Ecotoxicity Values:
LD50 ANAS PLATYRHYNCHOS (MALLARD) FEMALE ORAL >2000 MG/KG, 3-4 MO OLD /TECHNICAL,
97.2%/
LC50 GAMMARUS FASCIATUS (SCUD) 1.1 MG/L/96 HR @ 15 DEG C (95% CONFIDENCE LIMIT
0.6-1.9 MG/L), MATURE. STATIC BIOASSAY WITHOUT AERATION, PH 7.2-7.5, WATER HARDNESS
40-50 MG/L AS CALCIUM CARBONATE AND ALKALINITY OF 30-35 MG/L.
LC50 CARASSIUS AURATUS (GOLDFISH) 0.8 MG/L/96 HR @ 18 DEG C (95% CONFIDENCE
LIMIT 0.7-1.0 MG/L), WT 1.0 G. STATIC BIOASSAY WITHOUT AERATION, PH 7.2-7.5,
WATER HARDNESS 40-50 MG/L AS CALCIUM CARBONATE AND ALKALINITY OF 30-35 MG/L.
LC50 PIMEPHALES PROMELAS (FATHEAD MINNOW) LESS THAN 1.0 MG/L/96 HR @ 18 DEG
C, WT 0.9 G. STATIC BIOASSAY WITHOUT AERATION, PH 7.2-7.5, WATER HARDNESS 40-50
MG/L AS CALCIUM CARBONATE AND ALKALINITY OF 30-35 MG/L.
LC50 Bluegill sunfish 0.064 mg/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/
LC50 Rasbora heteromorpha (harlequin fish) 1.4 mg/l/24 hr /Conditions of bioassay
not specified/
Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics:
Metabolism/Metabolites:
ROOTS OF TOBACCO SEEDLING ACCUMULATED BENEFIN
FROM NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS CONTAINING LABELED BENEFIN.
TWO COMPOUNDS WERE DETECTED BUT NOT IDENTIFIED.
SOIL ORGANISMS APPEAR TO METABOLIZE DINITROANILINES BY DEALKYLATION OF AMINO
GROUP & REDUCTION OF NITRO GROUPS TO SUBSTITUTED ANILINE. /DINITROANILINE
HERBICIDES/
AFTER 12 HR INCUBATION OF BENEFIN
IN ARTIFICIAL RUMEN FLUID, 99% ... HAD BEEN DEGRADED. /STRUCTURAL FORMULAS OF
METABOLITES GIVEN IN SOURCE/ NON-IDENTIFIED POLAR PRODUCTS & NON-EXTRACTABLE
RADIOACTIVE PRODUCTS INCR CONTINUOUSLY.
N4-BUTYL-N4-ETHYL-ALPHA,ALPHA,ALPHA-TRIFLUORO-5-NITROTOLUYLENE-3,4-DIAMINE,
N4-BUTYL-N4-ETHYL-ALPHA,ALPHA,ALPHA-TRIFLUOROTOLUENE-3,4,5-TRIAMINE, N4-BUTYL-ALPHA,ALPHA,ALPHA-TRIFLUOROTOLUENE-3,4,5-TRIAMINE,
& ALPHA,ALPHA,ALPHA-TRIFLUOROTOLUENE-3,4,5-TRIAMINE ... ANAEROBIC METABOLITES
OF BENEFIN ... IN LACTATING GOATS ...
VIA FECES.
DEGRADATION PRODUCTS FOUND IN PLANT TISSUES OF PEANUTS & ALFALFA GROWN
IN TREATED SOIL REFLECTED THOSE PRODUCTS FOUND IN SOIL. /THREE PRODUCTS (STRUCTURES
GIVEN IN SOURCE)/ APPEARED IN HIGHEST CONCN (9-39 PPB, 2-57 PPB, & 8-33
PPB ...). OTHER COMPD APPEARED IN AMT ... LESS THAN 2 PPB.
Absorption, Distribution & Excretion:
... NOT NORMALLY APPLIED TO PLANT FOLIAGE. ... NO SIGNIFICANT ABSORPTION OR
TRANSLOCATION OF BENEFIN IN CROPS GROWN
IN SOIL TREATED WITH BENEFIN.
... IN LACTATING GOATS ... EXCRETED VIA FECES. NO PRODUCTS WERE SECRETED INTO
MILK.
FOLLOWING ORAL ADMIN OF BENEFIN TO
LACTATING GOAT, ALMOST COMPLETE RECOVERY OF ADMIN RADIOACTIVITY WAS OBTAINED
IN URINE (10.8%) & FECES (89.1%) WITHIN 5 DAYS. ... IT WAS ASSUMED THAT
THE EXCRETORY PRODUCTS ... WOULD BE ANALOGOUS TO THOSE FOUND WITH TRIFLURALIN
... .
RADIOACTIVITY /RESIDUE/ FROM (14)C-LABELED BENEFIN
ORALLY ADMIN TO THE LACTATING RUMINANT ANIMALS WAS EXCRETED IN THE URINE. RADIOACTIVITY
RESIDUE WAS FOUND IN MILK.
Absorbed by the roots.
Mechanism of Action:
Affects seed germination and prevents weed growth by inhibition of root and
shoot development.
Pharmacology:
Environmental Fate & Exposure:
Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary:
Benefin will be released in the environment
during its manufacture and use as a herbicide. If released to soil, the loss
of benefin should occur due to biodegradation,
photolysis and volatilization. Half-lives of benefin
in soil range from 0.7-4 months. Benefin
is expected to have low mobility in soils. The major pathways for the loss of
benefin from water may be biodegradation,
photolysis and volatilization. Bioconcentration of benefin
in aquatic organisms should be important. Reaction with photochemically produced
hydroxyl radicals may be important for the loss of vapor phase benefin
in the atmosphere. The half-life of benefin
due to this reaction has been estimated to be 3.1 hrs. Partial removal of benefin
will also occur as a result of dry and wet deposition. Applicators of benefin
and farm workers are the most likely people for exposure to benefin
by inhalation and dermal routes. (SRC)
Probable Routes of Human Exposure:
Applicators and field workers are the most likely group for exposure to benefin(SRC).
Judging from the formulations used for field application, the most probable
routes of exposure to benefin among
this group would be inhalation and dermal contact(1,SRC).
PERSONNEL WHO FORMULATE OR APPLY BENEFIN
HAVE NOT EXPERIENCED DISCOMFORT OR UNTOWARD EFFECTS.
Natural Pollution Sources:
Benefin is not known to occur naturally.
(SRC)
Artificial Pollution Sources:
Since benefin is commercially produced
and used as a herbicide(1), it will be released to the environment during use
and may be released during production(SRC).
Environmental Fate:
WHEN SOIL TREATED WITH BENEFIN WAS
FLOODED WITH WATER, BENEFIN DECOMP RAPIDLY.
ONLY 4.6% WAS DETECTABLE AFTER 16 DAYS. THE MAJOR DEGRADATION PRODUCTS WERE
BENEFIN WITH ONE NITRO GROUP REDUCED;
WITH BOTH NITRO GROUPS REDUCED; & WITH BOTH NITRO GROUPS REDUCED PLUS REMOVAL
OF BOTH ALKYL GROUPS. FIVE OTHER METABOLITES WERE DETECTED. THESE CMPD ... CONSTITUTED
LESS THAN 5% OF THE TOTAL RADIOACTIVITY. EXTRACTABLE POLAR PRODUCTS WERE OBSERVED
& BELIEVED TO BE AROMATIC AMINE CONDENSATION PRODUCTS. UNDER AEROBIC CONDITIONS,
BENEFIN DEGRADATION IN SOIL WAS SLOWER.
/STRUCTURAL FORMULAS OF DEGRADATION PRODUCTS GIVEN IN SOURCE/
BENEFIN DECOMP RAPIDLY IN SOIL UNDER
DEFINED ANEROBIC CONDITIONS, WITH APPROX 5% DETECTABLE AFTER 16 DAYS. UNDER
DEFINED AEROBIC CONDITIONS, 50% OF THE ORIGINALLY INCORPORATED BENEFIN
WAS DETECTABLE AFTER 120 DAYS & ONLY 12.1% AFTER 352 DAYS. IDENTIFIABLE
DEGRADATION PRODUCTS WERE THE DEALKYLATED, REDUCED & OXIDIZED DERIVATIVES
OF BENEFIN & AN UNIDENTIFIED POLAR
MIXT.
Duration of residual activity in soil is about 4-8 months.
TERRESTRIAL FATE: Biodegradation, volatilization and photolysis may all play
significant roles for the loss of benefin
from soils(1). A Koc value of 9000(2) indicates that benefin
should remain strongly adsorbed in most soils and leaching of benefin
from most soils should not be important(3,SRC). The persistence of benefin
in soil will depend on the soil type, moisture content and the temperature of
soil(4). The persistence of benefin
under field use conditions may be close to a year(5).
AQUATIC FATE: Based on studies in soil, photolysis by sunlight and biodegradation
may be important for the degradation of benefin
in water(1,SRC). Based on an estimation method(2) and a Henry's Law constant
value of 2.91X10-4 atm cu m/mole estimated from the ratio of vapor pressure(3)
and water solubility(3), the volatilization half-life of benefin
from a model river of depth 1 m flowing at a current speed of 1 m/sec and a
wind speed of 3 m/sec would be 10.8 hrs(SRC). A Koc value of 9000(3) indicates
that benefin may be strongly adsorbed
to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). The BCF values of 2160 and about
2000 estimated from regression equations(2) and a log Kow value of 4.69(4) and
a water solubility of 0.1 mg/l(3) indicates that bioconcentration of benefin
in aquatic organisms will be an important environmental process(SRC).
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based on a measured vapor pressure of 6.6X10-5 mm Hg at
25 deg C(1), benefin should exist both
in the particulate and in the vapor phase in air(2,SRC). Based on an estimation
method(3-4), vapor phase benefin may
be removed from the atmosphere with an estimated half-life of 3.1 hrs due to
reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC). Partial removal
of particulate benefin from the air
may occur by dry deposition(SRC). Both vapor and particle phase benefin
may be partly removed from the atmosphere by wet deposition(SRC).
Environmental Biodegradation:
/IT IS SUGGESTED/ THAT MICROORGANISMS DO PLAY A ROLE IN THE DISAPPEARANCE
OF BENEFIN FROM SOIL.
Biodegradation of benefin in soil
occurs via oxidative and reductive pathways(1). Oxidation classically occurs
in aerobic soils and reduction in anaerobic soils. However, in flooded field
soils, both oxidation and reduction products have been observed(1). In field
soil, oxidative biodegradation of benefin
leads to dealkylation products followed by reduction of nitro group to amino
products(1,4). Rates of biodegradation of benefin
is dependent on soil temperature and moisture content and the rate is faster
at 30 deg C compared to 4 deg C, and in dry soil compared to water-saturated
field soils(2-3). The biodegradation is faster in soils containing higher organic
carbon contents(3,5). The biodegradation half-lives of benefin
in a loam and a sandy loam soil were 0.7 month and 1.5 months, respectively,
at 30 deg C(3).
Environmental Abiotic Degradation:
MATERIAL REMAINING ON THE SOIL SURFACE CAN BE SUBJECT TO PHOTODECOMPOSITION.
Degradation of benefin was observed
when glass plates coated with soils containing benefin
were irradiated with light of wavelength greater than 290 nm(1-2). When exposed
to sunlight for 6-7 days in July, about 17-25% benefin
photodegraded from glass plates coated with soil containing benefin(3-4).
Therefore, photodecomposition of benefin
from water and soil surfaces should occur(SRC).
Based on an estimation method(1-2), the rate constant for the reaction of
vapor phase benefin with hydroxyl radicals
in air is 8.20X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec(SRC). This corresponds to a half-life
of 3.1 hrs, based on a 12 hr average OH concentration of 1.5X10+6 radicals/cu
cm in th atmosphere.
Environmental Bioconcentration:
Based on regression equations(3), bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of about
2000 and 2160 can be estimated from a water solubility of 0.1 mg/l(1) and a
log Kow of 4.69(2), respectively(SRC). These BCF values indicate that bioconcentration
of benefin in aquatic organisms may
be an important environmental pathway(4,SRC).
Soil Adsorption/Mobility:
The mean measured Koc value of benefin
in 10 Wisconsin soil was 609(2). Other investigators have suggested Koc values
of 10,700(1), 10,715(4), and 9,000(3). Benefin
was much more highly adsorbed to soil than other dinitroaniline herbicides(5).
In soil thin layer chromatography experiments, the Rf (retention factor) range
was 0-0.03 for benefin(6). Therefore,
it was concluded that benefin was immobile
in soil(6).
Volatilization from Water/Soil:
Based on a Henry's Law constant of 2.91X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(1) estimated from
the ratio of vapor pressure of 6.6X10-5 mm Hg(1) and a water solubility of 0.1
mg/l(1), the volatilization half-life of benefin
from a model river of depth 1 m flowing at a current speed of 1 m/sec and a
wind speed of 3 m/sec would be 10.8 hrs(2,SRC). However, when the effect of
adsorption on volatility is considered, the estimated volatilization half-life
of benefin from a model pond is 160
days(3,SRC). The volatilization loss of benefin
from soil was found to one of the highest among 11 dinitroanilines tested and
the volatilization loss increased with increase of soil temperature and decrease
of soil moisture content(4). The volatilization loss was 2.4% from a soil in
3 hrs at 30 deg C, but increased to 23% at 50 deg C(4). The volatilization loss
of benefin from soil increases significantly
with moisture content of soil from air dryness to field capacity but did not
significantly increase from field capacity to saturation(4-6).
Milk Concentrations:
RADIOACTIVITY /RESIDUE/ FROM (14)C-LABELED BENEFIN
ORALLY ADMIN TO THE LACTATING RUMINANT ANIMALS WAS FOUND IN MILK.
Environmental Standards & Regulations:
Chemical/Physical Properties:
Molecular Formula:
C13-H16-F3-N3-O4
Molecular Weight:
335.32
Color/Form:
YELLOW-ORANGE CRYSTALLINE SOLID
Odor:
NO APPRECIABLE ODOR
Boiling Point:
148-149 deg C @ 7 mm Hg
Melting Point:
65-66.5 DEG C
Corrosivity:
Non-corrosive
Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient:
log Kow = 5.29
Solubilities:
G/100 ML AT 25 DEG C: >50 IN ACETONE; >25 IN ACETONITRILE; >50 IN
CHLOROFORM; 45 IN DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE; 60 IN DIOXANE; 4 IN METHANOL; 58 IN METHYL
ETHYL KETONE; 45 IN XYLENE
70 PPM IN WATER @ 25 DEG C
2.4 G/100 ML ETHANOL AT 25 DEG C
water solubility = 0.1 mg/l @ 25 deg C
Spectral Properties:
Intense mass spectral peaks: 292 m/z (100%), 41 m/z (39%), 43 m/z (38%), 264
m/z (29%)
Vapor Pressure:
6.53X10+5 mm Hg @ 25 deg C
Other Chemical/Physical Properties:
MP: 64-66 DEG C /TECHNICAL PRODUCT/
CRYSTALLIZATION CAN OCCUR BELOW 5 DEG C
121-122 DEG C @ 0.5 MM HG
Susceptible to decomposition
Henry's Law constant = 2.91X10-4 atm cu m/mole (est)
3.89X10-4 MM HG @ 30 DEG C
Chemical Safety & Handling:
Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations:
Benefin may cause skin sensitization
reactions in certain individuals.
MAY BE IRRITATING TO SKIN & EYES.
Fire Potential:
TECHNICAL MATERIAL IS NOT FLAMMABLE. FOR THE EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATES, USE
ORDINARY PRECAUTIONS FOR VOLATILE SOLVENTS.
Protective Equipment & Clothing:
Wear goggles or face shield when handling concn.
Coveralls, long-sleeved shirt, impermeable gloves when handling.
Preventive Measures:
SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is
conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend
not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance,
characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection
equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances
whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact
lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses
should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should
be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
Stability/Shelf Life:
SHELF LIFE OF THE EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATES IS MORE THAN TWO YR ... .
Decomposed by UV light.
Storage Conditions:
Avoid freezing; store above 40 deg F. Do not store near heat or open flame.
/EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATES/ SHOULD NOT BE OR STORED /AT TEMP/ NEAR FLASH-POINT.
... SHOULD NOT BE FROZEN
Disposal Methods:
SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary
landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing
land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental
regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.
Ultraviolet-radiation: This liquid herbicide is reported to be susceptible
to decomposition by UV radiation. Recommendable methods: Incineration, &
landfill. Peer review: Incinerate in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing. (Peer-review
conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))
Occupational Exposure Standards:
Manufacturing/Use Information:
Major Uses:
SELECTIVE PRE-EMERGENCE HERBICIDE
Controls annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in seeded alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil,
ladino clover, red clover, direct-seeded lettuce, peanuts, transplant air cured
(burley, dark) tobacco, established turf.
Control of annual grasses and some annual broad-leaved weeds in groundnuts,
cucumbers, chicory, endives, field beans, french beans, lentils, lucerne. Applied
pre-emergence, with soil incorporation.
Manufacturers:
DowElanco Inc, Hq, 9002 Purdue Rd, Indianapolis, IN 46288, (317) 875-8618;
Production site: Lafayette, IN 47902
Methods of Manufacturing:
MADE BY NITRATION OF CHLORO-4-TRIFLUOROMETHYLBENZENE AND REACTION WITH BUTYLETHYLAMINE.
LAB METHOD OF PURIFICATION: THE CRUDE MIXTURE IS DISSOLVED IN HEXANE &
PASSED OVER A FLORISIL CHROMATOGRAPHIC COLUMN. THE FIRST ORANGE-COLORED BAND
IS PURE BENEFIN. IT CAN BE RECRYSTALLIZED
FROM HEXANE.
General Manufacturing Information:
BALAN ... IS THE N-ETHYL, N-BUTYL
ANALOG OF TRIFLURALIN.
MAY BE APPLIED & SOIL INCORPORATED AS EARLY AS 10 WK PRIOR TO PLANTING.
WILL NOT CONTROL ESTABLISHED WEEDS.
/CONTROLS/ GRASS & BROADLEAF WEEDS ... TOLERANT CROPS INCLUDE LETTUCE,
PEANUTS, ALFALFA, CLOVER, BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL, TRANSPLANT BURLEY & DARK TOBACCO,
& ESTABLISHED TURFGRASSES. SENSITIVE CROPS INCLUDE BEETS, SORGHUM, OATS,
& SPINACH. BENEFIN A IS PREEMERGENCE
HERBICIDE & MUST BE SOIL INCORPORATED WITHIN 4 HR (WESTERN US) OR 8 HR (EASTERN
US) AFTER APPLICATION WITH EQUIPMENT THAT BREAKS ... CLODS & MIXES THE SOIL
THOROUGHLY ... APPLICATION & INCORPORATION CAN BE PREPLANTING OR POSTPLANTING.
RATE: 1.12 TO 1.5 LB/ACRE. ... WATER @ 5 TO 40 GAL/ACRE IS THE USUAL CARRIER
FOR THE EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATES. IT ALSO CAN BE APPLIED IN FLUID FERTILIZER.
GRANULAR FORMULATIONS ARE ALSO AVAILABLE.RATES OF 2.0 AND 3.0 LB/ACRE OF THE
GRANULE ARE RECOMMENDED FOR WEED CONTROL IN ESTABLISHED TURFGRASSES. ... NO
INCOMPATIBILITIES HAVE BEEN EXPERIENCED WITH HARD WATER OR OTHER PESTICIDES.
THE EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATES CAN BE SUCCESSFULLY INPREGNATED ON GRANULAR FERTILIZER.
... SPRAYER & EQUIPMENT CAN BE CLEANED WITH DETERGENT & WATER. ... RECOMMENDED
APPLICATION RATES GIVE SEASON LONG WEED CONTROL. FALL-SEEDED GRAIN CROPS PLANTED
IN SOIL THAT RECEIVED BENEFIN APPLICATIONS
THE PRECEDING SPRING HAVE NOT BEEN INJURED UNDER WARM, MOIST CONDITIONS.
Formulations/Preparations:
TECHNICAL PRODUCT IS MORE THAN 95% PURE ... FORMULATIONS: 2 LB/GAL (USA AND
IMPERIAL); GRANULAR.
Dry flowable, emulsifiable concentrate
Combinations: Tank mix Balan with
Dual, Vernam.
Impurities:
OF 25 PESTICIDE SAMPLES ANALYZED, 8 CONTAINED N-NITROSO CMPD. ONE OF THE 8
PESTICIDES WAS BALAN.
Laboratory Methods:
Analytic Laboratory Methods:
A GC METHOD IS DESCRIBED FOR THE QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF N-BUTYL-N-ETHYL-ALPHA,ALPHA,ALPHA-TRIFLUORO-2,6-DINITRO-P-TOLUIDINE
IN FORMULATIONS.
... BALAN IS EXTRACTED FROM SOLID
CARRIER OR DISSOLVED IN N-HEXANE IF LIQUID, PURIFIED BY CHROMATOGRAPHY ON FLORISIL,
& DETECTED BY UV SPECTROMETRY AT 376 NM.
... FOR DETERMINATION OF BENEFIN IN
FORMULATED PRODUCTS ... DISSOLVE OR EXTRACT THE SAMPLE IN CHLOROFORM, THEN DETERMINE
BENEFIN BY GC USING FLAME IONIZATION
DETECTOR. ... RESIDUE DETERMINATION REQUIRES EXTRACTION OF CROP TISSUE OR SOIL
WITH SOLVENT SUCH AS METHANOL, REMOVAL OF INTERFERING SUBSTANCES ON A FLORISIL
COLUMN & DETERMINATION BY GC UTILIZING AN ELECTRON AFFINITY DETECTOR. TEST
SENSITIVITY IS 5 TO 10 PPB.
... BALAN IS EXTRACTED FROM SOLID
CARRIER, OR DISSOLVED IN ACETONE IF LIQ, & DETERMINED BY GC.
A QUANTITATIVE GC /MS PROCEDURE IS DESCRIBED FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION
OF BENEFIN RESIDUES IN SOIL.
Special References:
Synonyms and Identifiers:
Synonyms:
L 54521
**PEER REVIEWED**
BALAN
**PEER REVIEWED**
BALFIN
**PEER REVIEWED**
BANAFINE
**PEER REVIEWED**
BENALAN
**PEER REVIEWED**
BENEFEX
**PEER REVIEWED**
BENEPHIN
**PEER REVIEWED**
BENFLURALIN
**PEER REVIEWED**
Benfluraline
**PEER REVIEWED**
BENZENAMINE, N-BUTYL-N-ETHYL-2,6-DINITRO-4-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)-
**PEER REVIEWED**
BETHRODINE
**PEER REVIEWED**
BINNELL
**PEER REVIEWED**
BLULAN
**PEER REVIEWED**
BONALAN
**PEER REVIEWED**
N-butyl-2,6-dinitro-N-ethyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline
**PEER REVIEWED**
N-butyl-N-ethyl-2,6-dinitro-4-trifluoromethylaniline
**PEER REVIEWED**
N-BUTYL-N-ETHYL-2,6-DINITRO-4-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZENAMINE
**PEER REVIEWED**
N-butyl N-ethyl-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzeneamine
**PEER REVIEWED**
N-butyl-N-ethyl-alpha,alpha,alpha-tri-fluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine
**PEER REVIEWED**
CARPIDOR
**PEER REVIEWED**
EMBLEM
**PEER REVIEWED**
FLUBALEX
**PEER REVIEWED**
QUILAN
**PEER REVIEWED**
P-TOLUIDINE, N-BUTYL-N-ETHYL-ALPHA,ALPHA,ALPHA-TRIFLUORO-2,6-DINITRO-
**PEER REVIEWED**
ALPHA,ALPHA,ALPHA-TRIFLUORO-2,6-DINITRO-N,N-ETHYLBUTYL-P-TOLUIDINE
**PEER REVIEWED**
Formulations/Preparations:
TECHNICAL PRODUCT IS MORE THAN 95% PURE ... FORMULATIONS: 2 LB/GAL (USA AND
IMPERIAL); GRANULAR.
Dry flowable, emulsifiable concentrate
Combinations: Tank mix Balan with
Dual, Vernam.
RTECS Number:
NIOSH/XU4550000
Administrative Information:
Hazardous Substances Databank Number: 407
Last Revision Date: 20010809
Last Review Date: Reviewed by SRP on 12/10/1993
Update History:
Complete Update on 08/09/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/02/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/21/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/26/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/02/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/17/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 05/08/1997, 6 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/01/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/28/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/19/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 12/21/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/16/1994, 49 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 03/21/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 12/12/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/23/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/10/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/06/1990, 3 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 03/06/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/03/1986