Reports
available from
The National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Order from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers);
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Order
No. |
Date |
Keywords
or Abstract |
CAS
Nos. |
NTIS/OTS0509273
EPA/OTS;
Doc #40+7863021 |
2000
(?)
- DISSIPATION AND DETOXIFICATION OF ORGANOTINS IN THE
ENVIRONMENT
M
& T CHEM INC |
M
& T CHEM INC
ALKYLTINS
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
BIODEGRADATION |
56-35-9
379-52-2
1983-10-4 |
NTIS/OTS0509271
EPA/OTS;
Doc #40+7763019 |
2000
(?)
- THE SAFE DISPOSAL OF ORGANOTINS IN SOIL
M
& T CHEM INC |
M
& T CHEM INC
ALKYLTINS
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
TRANSPORT PROCESSES
PHOTOLYSIS
BIODEGRADATION |
56-35-9
379-52-2
1983-10-4 |
NTIS/OTS0509272
EPA/OTS;
Doc #40+7863020 |
2000
(?)
- THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY OF THREE ORGANOTIN CHEMICALS
M
& T CHEM INC |
M
& T CHEM INC
ALKYLTINS
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PARTITION COEFFICIENT
PHOTOLYSIS
HYDROLYSIS
BIODEGRADATION |
56-35-9
379-52-2
1983-10-4 |
NTIS/AD-A184
224/4
26p |
1982
- Acute Toxicity of Tributyltins and Tributyltin Leachates
from Marine Antibiofouling Paints.
Authors:
Laughlin RB, Linden O, Guard HE
California
Univ., Oakland. Naval Biosciences Lab. |
Abstract:
Tributyltin
compounds were shown to be slow-acting toxins causing acute
toxicity to two amphipod species. Orchestia traskiana was
exposed to bis (tributyltin) oxide (TBTO) or tributyltin
fluoride (TBIF) as single compounds.
Both compounds were acutely toxic in 10 days. Gammarus
oceanicus were exposed to tributyltin leachates from panels
painted with two different antifouling paint formulations.
One type of paint leached tributyltin about 10 times faster
than the other. Amphipod mortality
in short-term tests was directly correlated with increases
in painted surface area and leaching rates. The results
of these experiments show that tributyltin compounds are
very toxic to some non-target organisms. Thus the
intelligent choice of antibiofouling paint formulations
depends upon an acceptable compromise between leach rates,
which are effective at the painted surface but minimize
effects on non-target organisms. |
NTIS/OTS0206278
EPA/OTS;
Doc #878210873 |
1982
- OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH EVALUATION OF THE NEWARK,
N.J. PLANT OF KOPPERS CO., INC. FINAL REPORT
TABERSHAW
OCC MEDICINE ASSOC |
KOPPERS
CO INC
TOLUENE (108-88-3)
HEALTH EFFECTS
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE |
67-64-1
75-09-2
78-93-3
91-66-7
95-47-6
100-42-5
106-42-3
107-21-1
108-10-1
108-38-3
108-88-3
127-18-4
574-93-6
1308-38-9
1314-41-6
1330-20-7
1344-37-2
1983-10-4
2425-85-6
7429-90-5
7439-92-1
7440-47-3
7758-97-6
7789-06-2
11113-70-5
12656-85-8
13530-65-9
14807-96-6
16984-48-8
50922-29-7
71000-82-3 |
NTIS/AD-A108
838/4
39p |
1974
- Underwater Marine Coatings: A Detailed Examination of
Elastomeric Antifouling Materials after Marine Immersion
Authors:
De Forest A, Pettis RW, Phillip AT
Defence
Standards Labs., Maribyrnong (Australia).
|
Abstract:
Elastomeric
antifouling materials based on tributyltin compounds (tributyltin
fluoride, tributyltin acetate or bis(tributyltin
oxide)) dispersed in natural, polychloroprene or butadiene-acrylonitrile
rubber have been examined after marine immersion for periods
extending up to two years. Results have been obtained for
changes in mechanical properties, release rates of organotin
toxics, biological fouling on the surfaces and micrographic
structure of the surface. An attempt has been made to relate
the performance of these materials to the marine chemistry
of the seawater at the two immersion sites at Garden Island
(Sydney) and Williamstown (Melbourne). Factors which affect
the performance of elastomeric coatings containing tributyltin
compounds as additives are discussed. For long effective
life, the release rate of the organotin toxic must be reduced
to the minimum active value, by choosing the appropriate
combination of organotin and elastomer; promising results
have been obtained after two year [abstract truncated] |
From
Science Direct
Marine
Chemistry; Volume 85, Issues 3-4 , March 2004,
Pages 157-167
Speciation of trialkyltin(IV) cations in natural fluids
Claudia
Foti (a), Antonio Gianguzza (b), Demetrio Milea (a),
Frank J. Millero (c) and Silvio Sammartano (a)
a
Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Chimica Analitica
e Chimica Fisica, Università di Messina, Salita
Sperone 31, Vill. S. Agata di Messina, 98166, Messina,
Italy
b Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica e Chimica Analitica
"Stanislao Cannizzaro", Università
di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans, 90128,
Palermo, Italy
c Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science,
University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami,
FL 33149, USA
The hydrolysis of (CH3)3Sn+, (C2H5)3Sn+ and (C3H7)3Sn+
has been studied in a Synthetic Seawater (SSW) ionic
medium simulating the major composition of natural seawater,
at different salinities (5≤S≤45), and at
t=25 °C. Interactions with anionic components of
SSW, considered as single sea salt, are determined by
means of a complex formation model. By potentiometric
measurements (ISE-H+ and ISE-F- electrodes), the model
has been extended to also consider interactions of organotins
with carbonate and fluoride ions, which are other important
components of seawater. Literature and new values of
hydrolysis constants in different ionic media (NaNO3,
NaCl, Na2SO4 and SSW) are used to determine Pitzer interaction
parameters. Predictive equations for the calculation
of unknown hydrolysis constants and Pitzer interaction
parameters of other trialkyltin(IV) cations, such as
tributyltin(IV), are proposed.
Excerpts:
...
Concentrations of fluoride and bicarbonate+carbonate
anions are much lower than those of other macro-components
of seawater (0.7 and 2.7 mmol l-1 for fluoride and bicarbonate+carbonate,
respectively, in seawater, S=35), such as chloride and
sulfate, but their complexes are often stronger. Moreover,
since carbonates and fluorides play a very important
role in many geo-chemical and bio-chemical processes
in seawater, their contribution to the speciation studies
of organotin compounds in that medium cannot be neglected.
...
3.4.
Interactions with carbonate and fluoride
In spite of the amount of literature data concerning
the interactions of fluoride and carbonate ligands with
most of the metal ions, no data are reported on their
interactions with organotin(IV) cations. In order to
give a complete picture of trialkyltin(IV) cations speciation
in natural fluids, we studied interactions of (CH3)3Sn+
with fluoride and carbonate. First, it was necessary
to determine the protonation constants of fluoride and
carbonate anions. Results are reported in Table 4, in
the ionic strength range 0<I≤1.0 mol l-1 (for
NaCl) and at t=25 °C. As can be seen, in the fluoride
system, the formation constant of the binuclear species
HF2- is also reported.
Potentiometric
data (ISE-H+ and ISE-F- electrodes) of (CH3)3Sn+ cation
in the presence of NaF and Na2CO3 salts, indicate the
formation of (CH3)3SnF0, (CH3)3Sn(OH)F-, and (CH3)3Sn(OH)CO32-
species. These formation constants are reported in Table
5 and Table 6, at different ionic strengths in NaCl
or NaNO3 at t=25 °C. As expected,
the stability of fluoride species is greater than the
chloride species [(CH3)3SnCl0: log K=-0.6, at
I=0 mol l-1] (Fig. 3a). The formation of the (CH3)3SnF0
species is dominant, whilst, the mixed (CH3)3Sn(OH)F-
species is negligible. The mixed (CH3)3Sn(OH)CO32- species
is formed in significant percentages over pH=9, as can
be seen in Fig. 4a for the speciation diagram of (CH3)3Sn+
vs. pH.
|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=7339215
1981
J Anal Toxicol. 1981 Nov-Dec;5(6):300-6.
Determination of tri-, di-, and
monobutyltin and inorganic tin in biological materials
and some aspects of their metabolism in rats.
Iwai
H, Wada O, Arakawa Y.
A
chromatographic method to separate and determine simultaneously
trace amounts of tri-, di-, and monobutyltin and inorganic
tin (IV) in biological materials has been established.
These compounds were eluted stepwise on a silica gel
column with an organic solvent system and were sensitively
determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
The calibration curves show linearity up to 6 mumol/L.
The detection limit was 1.5 ng of tin for each of the
tin compounds. The reproducibility and recovery were
satisfactory. Tetra- and tributyltin were also sensitively
determined by the gas chromatographic application of
this method. This new method was applied to the study
on the metabolism of tributyltin in rats.
The contents of tributyltin in the liver of rats, to
which a single oral dose of tributyltin fluoride had
been administered, showed a rapid decrease following
an initial transient increase. The tributyltin, once
transported to the liver, seemed to be rapidly dealkylated.
The most significant finding was the
remarkable retention of monobutyltin and inorganic tin
(IV) in the brain.
PMID:
7339215 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
|
From Toxline at Toxnet
Proc.
Annu. Mar. Coat. Conf. 18: 1-18 1978
Dissipation
and detoxification of organotins in the environment.
Sheldon AW
M&T
Chem. Inc., Rahway, NJ
PESTAB. The dissipation of 3 commonly used organotins
in soil environments was studied. These test materials
were: tributyltin oxide (TBTO), tributyltin
fluoride (TBTF), and triphenyltin fluoride (TPhTF).
The soil employed in these studies was sandy loam obtained
from South Carolina. Soil samples were treated with
about 2.5 ppm of 1 of the 3 test compounds. After 182
days all 3 test compounds showed substantial degradation,
especially in those samples kept under aerobic conditions.
Degradation under anaerobic conditions was not as consistent
as that under aerobic conditions. In the aerobic tests
the TPhTF had released 37.2% of the applied radioactivity
as CO2; the TBTF had evolved 11.6% and the TBTP, 14.2%.
It
is suggested from these studies that the organotins
used in antifouling coatings are not persistent pesticides
and do not present the hazards usually associated with
persistent materials.
|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14725891
No
abstract available
2004
Mar Pollut Bull. 2004 Jan;48(1-2):188-92.
Limited
effectiveness of marine protected areas: imposex in Hexaplex
trunculus (Gastropoda, Muricidae) populations from Italian marine
reserves.
Terlizzi A, Delos AL, Garaventa F, Faimali
M, Geraci S.
Laboratory
of Zoology and Marine Biology, Department of Biological and
Environmental Science and Technology, University of Lecce, CoNISMa,
Strada Prov. le Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy. antonio.terlizzi@unile.it
PMID: 14725891
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Definition
of Imposex:
A pseudo-hermaphroditic
condition in female gastropods (snails) caused by TBT and
manifested by the development of a false penis.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12353640
2002 Biosci Biotechnol Biochem.
2002 Aug;66(8):1748-50.
Shogaols from Zingiber officinale as
promising antifouling agents.
Etoh H, Kondoh T, Noda R, Singh IP, Sekiwa
Y, Morimitsu K, Kubota K.
Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Japan. acheto@agr.shizuoka.ac.jp
We isolated the highly potent attachment-inhibitors (three
times more active than standard CuSO4 in the blue mussel assay),
trans-6-, 8-, and 10-shogaols, from a hexane extract of the
roots of ginger, Zingiber officinale Roscoe.
Trans-8-shogaol showed the highest antifouling activity comparable
with that of tributyltin fluoride (TBTF), which is recognized
as one of the most effective antifouling agents, in the
conventional submerged assay.
PMID: 12353640 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
From Toxline at Toxnet
1995
ROSSMOORE,
H. W. (ED.). HANDBOOK OF BIOCIDE AND PRESERVATIVE USE. XIV+424P.
BLACKIE ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL: GLASGOW, SCOTLAND, UK; CHAPMAN
AND HALL, INC.: NEW YORK, NEW YORK, USA. ISBN 0-7514-0212-5.;
0 (0). 1995. 283-314.
BIOCIDES
USED IN WOOD PRESERVATION
LEIGHTLEY
L
BIOSIS
COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM BOOK CHAPTER MICROORGANISMS INSECTS
BIODETERIORATION
CAS Registry Numbers: [too many to list,
but includes]
1983-10-4 - Tributyltin fluroide
From Toxline at Toxnet
1993
Mutation Research, Vol. 300, No. 1, pages 5-14, 34 references
Increasing
Effect of Tri-n-butyltins and Triphenyltins on the Frequency
of Chemically Induced Chromosome Aberrations in Cultured Chinese
Hamster Cells
Sasaki
YF, Yamada, H C Kinae N
Abstract:
The potentiating effects of tri-n-butyltins and triphenyltins
were investigated in cultured Chinese-hamster ovary K1 cells.
Compounds tested included tri-n-butyltin-chloride (1461229),
tri-n-butyltin-fluoride (1983104), bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide
(56359), triphenyltin-acetate (900458), triphenyltin-chloride
(639587), and triphenyltin-hydroxide (76879). The organotins
studied did not give any evidence of clastogenic activity without
rat liver S9. However, post treatment with organotins did increase
the number of breakage type chromatid aberrations induced by
five kinds of S-phase dependent clastogens: mitomycin-C (MMC),
cisplatin, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide, methyl-methanesulfonate,
and actinomycin-D. The induction of chromosome aberrations by
MMC was enhanced when the cells were treated with organotins
during the G2 phase. The authors suggest that organotin G2 effect
causes potentiating effects. The induction of breakage type
chromatid aberrations by clastogenic pollutants was also enhanced
in chlorinated tap water. The authors suggest that this indicates
their potential for a more realistic health risk.
Substance (CAS Registry Number):
CELL CYCLE PHASE (NO CAS RN)
MITOMYCIN C (50-07-7)
BLEOMYCIN (11056-06-7)
CISPLATIN (15663-27-1)
4-NQO (56-57-5)
MMS (66-27-3)
ACTINOMYCIN D (50-76-0)
TRIBUTYLTIN CHLORIDE (1461-22-9)
TRIBUTYLTIN FLUORIDE (1983-10-4)
BIS TRIBUTYLTIN OXIDE (56-35-9)
TRIPHENYLTIN ACETATE (900-95-8)
TRIPHENYLTIN CHLORIDE (639-58-7)
TRIPHENYLTIN HYDROXIDE (76-87-9)
TAP WATER,POLLUTED,CHLORINATED,ETHYLACETATE EXTRACT (NO CAS
RN)
From Toxline at Toxnet
1993 MICROCHEM J; 47 (1-2). 1993.
96-99.
A study of the degradation of
tributyltins in aqueous solutions by differential pulse polarography.
PETTINATO LP, SHERMAN LR
Dep. Chemistry, Univ. Scranton, Scranton, PA 18510-4286, USA.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. A polarographic method for investigating
the loss of tributyltin compounds (OTC) having the general formula
Bul3SnX (X = F, Cl, or O) at 200 ppb in sodium acetate pH 3.5
buffer, sodium citrate pH 4.5 buffer, sodium phosphate pH 7.2
buffer, and water is presented in this paper. The OTC solutions
were incubated for several weeks at 37ê C to identify
the effect of pH and anion on the change in OTC concentration.
Fifty-milliliter aliquots were removed daily and extracted twice
with 10-ml portions of hexane. The hexane was stripped and the
samples redissolved in 25 ml of methanol containing 0.1 M tetramethyl
ammonium chloride. The total trialkyltin was determined using
differential pulse polarography. Plots of OTC concentration
versus time revealed that the tributyltins underwent three distinct
first-order changes in OTC concentration with a minimum extractable
in concentration after 5 days. The mechanism for the change
in tributyltin concentration is believed to be due to th [abstract
truncated]
CAS Registry Numbers:
1983-10-4
1983-10-4
1461-22-9
56-35-9
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=2055530
1991 Gig Sanit. 1991 Feb;(2):86-7.
No Abstract available
[Chromatographic and spectrophotometric
determination of tributyltin fluoride
in the air of the work area]
[Article in Russian]
Dzhandzhapanian AN, Guloian AA.
PMID: 2055530 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
From Toxline at Toxnet
1990
AQUAT LIVING RESOUR; 3 (2). 121-130
Sublethal
and histopathological effects of trace levels of tributyltin
fluoride on adult oysters Crassostrea gigas.
CHAGOT
D ALZIEU C SANJUAN J GRIZEL H
IFREMER,
BP 133, 17390 La Tremblade, France. .
Abstract:
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Shell malformations
and histological effects of environmental concentrations of
TBTF (2, 13.1 and 64.8 ng/l) were
assessed on adult oysters Crassostrea gigas during a 1-month
experiment, including both an exposure and a depuration phase.
The results showed that the digestive gland is the primary target
organ. Recoverable modifications were observed at the lowest
concentration. Limited necrosis was observed at the highest
concentration and a longer exposure could have led to extensive
and irreversible tissue lesions. Shell malformations (chambering)
were observed during the depuration phase. Finally the authors
suggest that safe TBT levels in mariculture waters should be
lower than 2 ng/l.
CAS Registry Numbers:
1983-10-4
Full
report available at: http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc116.htm
1990
ENVIRON HEALTH CRITER; 116 (0). 1-273.
TRIBUTYLTIN
COMPOUNDS
Authors:
WHO
CAS Registry Numbers:
85409-17-2
85409-17-2
24124-25-2
4342-36-3
2155-70-6
1983-10-4
1461-22-9
688-73-3
56-35-9
From Toxline at Toxnet
1989
VCH Verlagsgesellschaft
mbH, Postfach 1260/1280, 6940 Weinheim, Federal Republic of
Germany, 1989. 113p. Bibl. ref.
Language:
German
Publication
Types: MONOGRAPH
Maximum
concentrations at the workplace and biological tolerance values
for working materials
Senatskommission
zur Prufung gesundheitsschadlicher Arbeitsstoffe Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft
Abstract:
Definition of the notion of "maximum concentration at the workplace"
(MAK) and discussion of its basis and usefulness (limited, in
the case of pregnant workers), of verification and compliance,
of the relation of time-weighted average MAKs to peak exposures,
and of the special problems posed by mixtures, allergens and
substances absorbed by the skin. List of about 350 substances
with their chemical formulas and MAKs in ppm and mg/m|3|. Entries
for 34 substances or groups of substances have been changed
with respect to the 1988 list. Additional information is given
on known or suspected carcinogens (about 150, including drugs
and tobacco smoke), dusts, organic peroxides, petrol, turpentine,
pyrolysis products and cutting fluids. "Technical guiding concentrations"
(TRK) are given for about 30 carcinogens or mutagens the use
of which in industry is unavoidable. "Biological tolerance values"
(BAT) are defined and listed for 30 substances (3 changes from
1988).
CAS Registry Numbers: [too many to list,
but includes]
1983-10-4 - Tributyltin fluroide
From Toxline at Toxnet
1989 INF TEC INVEST PESQ; 0 (148).
1989. 3-15.
PRELIMINARY EVALUATIONS OF THE BIOLOGICAL
ACTIVITY OF SELF-POLISHING AND CONTINUOUS CONTACT PAINTS
ARIAS E, SUAU P, MOLERA P
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM PHYTOPLANKTON MACROBENTHOS ZOOPLANKTON
TOXICITY TRIBUTYLTIN VINYL CHLORINATED RUBBER PALMA DE MAJORCA
HARBOR SPAIN
CAS Registry Numbers:
1983-10-4
1983-10-4
1317-39-1
1314-13-2
1309-37-1
1111-67-7
688-73-3
56-35-9
From Toxline at Toxnet
1987 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM; 6
(10). 1987. 767-770.
COMPARISON OF THE EC50S OF ALGAL TOXICITY
TESTS CALCULATED BY FOUR METHODS
WALSH GE, DEANS CH, MCLAUGHLIN LL
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM GRAPHICAL INTERPOLATION MOVING
AVERAGE PROBIT ANALYSIS BINOMIAL METHOD 21 PESTICIDES TIN COMPOUNDS
CAS Registry Numbers: [too many to list,
but includes]
1983-10-4 - Tributyltin fluroide
From Toxline at Toxnet
1986
INF TEC INST INVEST PESQ; 0 (134). 3-24.
BIOLOGICAL
FOULING IN THE HARBOR OF VILLANUEVA Y GELTRU EASTERN SPAIN TRIALS
IN PREVENTION WITH ANTIFOULING PAINTS
ARIAS
E SOUSA JM MORALES E VIVES F SUAU P
No
Abstract available
From Toxline at Toxnet
1985 61ST ANNUAL MEETING OF THE
PENNSYLVANIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, LANCASTER, PA., USA, APR. 21-23,
1985. PROC PA ACAD SCI; 59 (2). 1985
(RECD. 1986). 162-166.
SOLUBILITY AND THE DEGRADATION OF TRI-N-BUTYLTIN
COMPOUNDS IN AQUEOUS MEDIA
SHERMAN LR, YAZDI MR, HOANG H, TALBOT
J
Abstract: BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM BIS-TRI-N-BUTYLTIN
OXIDE TRI-N-BUTYLTIN FLUORIDE ENVIRONMENTAL FATE PERSISTENCE
ORGANOTIN ANTI-FOULING AGENT
CAS Registry Numbers:
36643-28-4
36643-28-4
1983-10-4
1461-22-9
56-35-9
From Toxline at Toxnet
1985
J CHEM TECHNOL
BIOTECHNOL A CHEM TECHNOL; 37 (8). 387-394.
No
Abstract available
BIOACTIVITY
OF ANTIFOULING PAINTS BASED ON ORGANOTIN TOXICANTS
BENITEZ
JC GIUDICE CA RASCIO V JD
CAS Registry Numbers:
1983-10-4
379-52-2
From Toxline at Toxnet
1985
MAR POLLUT
BULL; 16 (9). 350-355.
ORGANOTIN
AND TOTAL TIN IN COASTAL WATERS OF SOUTHWEST ENGLAND UK
CLEARY
JJ STEBBING A RD
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM BISTRIBUTYLTIN OXIDE TRIBUTYLTIN
FLUORIDE BIOCIDES FOULING ORGANISMS TOXICOLOGICAL THRESHOLD
CAS Registry Numbers:
7440-31-5
7440-31-5
1983-10-4
56-35-9
From Toxline at Toxnet
1985 ARCH ENVIRON CONTAM TOXICOL;
14 (1). 1985. 111-129.
Acute oral toxicity and repellency of
933 chemicals to house mice and deer mice.
SCHAFER E W JR, BOWLES W A JR
U.S. Dep. Interior-Fish and Wildlife Service, Denver Wildlife
Research Center, Build. 16-Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado
80225.
HEEP COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Five individual bioassay repellency
or toxicity variables were estimated or determined for deer
mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and house mice (Mus musculus)
under laboratory conditions. ALD (approximate lethal doses)
or LD50 of 230 chemicals to deer mice were presented, as were
food reduction (FR) values (3 day feeding test as a 2.0% treatment
rate) for white wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum) for 696 chemicals
and Douglas fir seeds (Pseudotsuga menziesii) for 81 chemicals.
A similar repellency evaluation (REP) using a 5 day test with
white wheat seeds at a 2.0% treatment rate was conducted with
house mice and the results for 347 chemicals were presented.
These toxicity and repellency data should be useful to those
desiring to predict the potential for acute toxicity in wild
mammals following exposure to a wide variety of chemicals. A
calculation of the daily chemical dose ingested in milligram/kilogram
per day during the wheat test on deer mice and its resultant
effects on mortality were also presented for most of the 696
chemicals. This calculated value, when
used along with the ALD or LD50, should permit a rough estimate
of the potential subacute toxicity of any tested chemical on
wild mammals for which both types of data were available.
CAS Registry Numbers: [too many to list,
but includes]
1983-10-4 - Tributyltin fluroide
From Toxline at Toxnet
1985 J EGYPT SOC PARASITOL; 15
(2). 1985. 665-674.
NEW COPOLYMER WITH PENDENT ORGANOTIN
MOIETIES AS CONTROLLED RELEASE MOSQUITO LARVICIDE
WAID A-F M, HILMY NM, EL-MONAIRY OM
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM INSECTICIDE FORMULATION
CAS Registry Numbers:
1983-10-4
1983-10-4
80-62-6
From Toxline at Toxnet
1984
MAR ENVIRON RES; 12 (4). 243-272.
Long-term
effects of tributyltin compounds on the Baltic amphipod, Gammarus
oceanicus.
LAUGHLIN
R NORDLUND K LINDEN O
Univ. Calif.,
Naval Biosciences Lab., Naval Supply Center, Oakland, Calif.
94625.
Abstract:
HEEP COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Amphipod larvae, G. oceanicus, were
exposed for 8 wk to bis(tributyltin) oxide (TBTO) or tributyltin
fluoride (TBTF), or for 5 wk to leachates from tributyltin-containing
antibiofouling paints. No larvae survived 8 wk exposure to 3
mug/l TBTO or TBTF. Differential larval survival occurred during
exposure to 0.3 mug/l of these same compounds. Paint leachates
caused similar toxicity responses at comparable aqueous tributyltin
concentrations. An examination of sublethal responses showed
slight decreases in growth for larvae exposed to TBTO and to
paint leachates, although responses at tributylin levels below
1 mug/l were not marked. Whole-animal O2 consumption rates were
not affected by low tributyltin exposure levels. While these
studies demonstrate low level toxicity of tributyltins, effects
on O2 consumption and growth do not indicate a mode of action
for these compounds.
CAS Registry Numbers:
1983-10-4
1983-10-4
56-35-9
From Toxline at Toxnet
1984 Veiligheid Dec. 1984, Vol.60,
No.12, p.629-638. Illus.
Antifouling paints
Doorgeest T
Contents of this survey: plant fouling and mineral incrustations,
their effect on underwater metal structures and preventive measures;
types of antifouling paint; active substances (copper (I) oxide,
copper or bronze powders; tributyltin oxide, tributyltin
fluoride, triphenyltin fluoride, etc. and their properties);
solvents; cleaning methods (hazards from detergents, high-pressure
sprays and shotblasting) and application of paints; health hazards;
preventive measures, personal protection and work clothes; welding
and cutting of structures covered by antifouling paint; safety
labelling; decontamination of clothes; personal hygiene; waste
disposal; TLVs; first aid; medical supervision; regulations
in the Netherlands.
From Toxline at Toxnet
1984
Source: BOWEN, H. J. M. A SPECIALIST PERIODICAL REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL
CHEMISTRY, VOL. 3. A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE PUBLISHED UP TO
END 1982. IX+144P. ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY: LONDON, ENGLAND.
ILLUS. MAPS. ISBN 0-85186-775-8.; 0 (0). 1984. 49-77.
THE
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY OF ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS
BLUNDEN
SJ HOBBS LA SMITH PJ
HEEP COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM FISH PLANT SOIL POLLUTION METAL
POLLUTION
CAS Registry Numbers:
41083-11-8
41083-11-8
13121-70-5
1983-10-4
1461-25-2
1118-46-3
1067-33-0
900-95-8
688-73-3
683-18-1
379-52-2
76-87-9
56-36-0
56-35-9
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=6466208
1984 Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci.
1984 Apr;62 ( Pt 2):209-14.
Organotin implications in anticarcinogenesis.
Effects of several organotins on tumour growth rate in mice.
Cardarelli NF, Cardarelli BM, Libby EP,
Dobbins E.
Several cohorts of cancerous mice were continuously dosed with
2,2'-bipyridyl dibutyltin dichloride, 1,10-phenanthroline dibutyltin
and histidine dibutyltin; presented at 1 ppm and 10 ppm in drinking
water. Tumour growth rates were significantly reduced. Tributyltin
fluoride (TBTF) applied dermally, using dimethyl sulfoxide
(DMSO) as the carrier, over the tumour site was ineffective.
Variation in thymus and spleen weight between controls and tin-exposed
mice indicates a lymphatic involvement. Analysis of mouse tissue
for total tin content showed high tin concentrations in the
thymus and spleen.
PMID: 6466208 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7131895&dopt=Abstract
1982
Sangyo Igaku 1982 Mar;24(2):163-71
[Properties
and mechanism of hyperlipidemia induced in rabbits by tributyltin
fluoride]
[Article in Japanese]
Matsui H, Wada O, Manabe S, Ono T, Iwai
H, Fujikura T.
Male Japanese white rabbits were given tributyltin fluoride
(TBTF) by gastric intubation with a single dose of 100 mg/kg
body weight and their lipid and glucose metabolisms were investigated.
After administration of TBTF, a reversible, but remarkable increase
of lipids in plasma, particularly of triglycerides and total
cholesterol, was observed. Ultracentrifugation of plasma lipoproteins
revealed a marked increase in chylomicron+VLDL (very low density
lipoprotein) fraction. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in
postheparin plasma reduced significantly (p less than 0.02)
to the levels of about 50% of the control. Fasting blood glucose
level was elevated and a significant inhibition of insulin (IRI)
release in response to the intravenous glucose infusion was
observed in TBTF treated rabbits, but the level of blood glucose
and the degree of inhibition of IRI release were low compared
with those of triphenyltin fluoride treated rabbits, in which
much greater fasting hyperglycemia was observed. Microscopic
examination of pancreas, kidneys and thyroid gland did not reveal
histological alterations contributing to the hyperlipidemia.
These results suggest that hyperlipidemia*
induced in rabbits by tributyltin fluoride is due to decreased
LPL activity. The decrease in LPL activity seems to be related
to the inhibition of insulin release from islets by TBTF.
PMID: 7131895 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
*
Note from FAN:
Hyperlipidemia is commonly called High Cholesterol. It is an
elevation of lipids (fats/cholesterol) in the bloodstream.
From Toxline at Toxnet
1982
BULL ENVIRON CONTAM TOXICOL 28:494-499
No
Abstract available
SUBLETHAL
RESPONSES OF THE TADPOLES OF THE EUROPEAN FROG RANA TEMPORARIA
TO TWO TRIBUTYLTIN COMPOUNDS
LAUGHLIN
R, LINDEN O
Assay Method:
VIABILITY, FERTILITY AND MORTALITY
GROWTH
HOMEOSTASIS
Stage Treated: EMBRYO
CAS Registry Numbers:
1983-10-4
1983-10-4
56-35-9
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=7147004
1982 Southeast Asian J Trop Med
Public Health. 1982 Jun;13(2):225-30.
The effect of controlled release copper
sulfate and tributyltin fluoride
on the mortality and infectivity of Schistosoma mansoni miracidia.
Viyanant V, Thirachantra S, Sornmani
S.
The experiments were conducted to assess the effect of sublethal
concentration of controlled release copper sulfate (EC-8) and
tribultyltin fluoride (CBL-9B)
on the mortality and infectivity of Schistosoma mansoni miracidia.
It was found that LC50 and LC90 of EC-8 to the miracidia were
8.5 mg/l per hr and 15.75 mg/l per hr respectively. For
CBL-9B, LC50 was 19.75 microgram/l per hr and LC90 was 32.0
microgram/l per hr. Exposing of the miracidia to 0.5 mg/l of
EC-8 or 4.0 microgram/l of CBL-9B respectively, for only one
hour can prevent their transmission to the snail host.
The results indicate that immobilization of the free living
stages of the schistosome parasite was not required to interrupt
their transmission to the next hosts.
PMID: 7147004 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
From Toxline at Toxnet
1982
JPN J IND HEALTH; 24 (1). 1982. 24-54.
RECENT PROGRESS IN THE STUDY OF ANALYTICAL
METHODS TOXICITY METABOLISM AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF ORGANO TIN
COMPOUNDS
WADA O, MANABE S, IWAI H, ARAKAWA Y
HEEP COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. REVIEW HUMAN MAMMAL
CEREBRAL EDEMA FUNGICIDE PLASTIC STABILIZER
CAS Registry Numbers: [too many to list,
but includes]
1983-10-4 - Tributyltin fluroide
From Toxline at Toxnet
1981 AQUAT TOXICOL; 1 (3-4). 1981.
227-238.
Hormesis: Stimulation of colony
growth in Campanularia flexuosa (Hydrozoa) by copper, cadmium
and other toxicants.
STEBBING A RD
Nat. Environ. Res. Counc., Inst. Mar. Environ. Res., Prospect
Pl., Hoe, Plymouth, Devon., UK.
HEEP COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Subinhibitory concentrations of toxic
or other agents that are typically inhibitory (Cu, Cd, tributyl
tin fluoride, reduced salinity) may stimulate the growth of
colonies of the hydroid C. flexuosa, exhibiting a phenomenon
known as hormesis. Stimulation of growth was not due to the
specific properties of the different toxicants but to an adaptive
response of the hydroid to the inhibitory effect that they had
in common. Growth was regulated by a control mechanism and it
was probably a consequence of overcorrections to low levels
of an inhibitory challenge. Examination of the toxicological
literature showed that hormesis was a more common occurrence
than generally supposed and this explanation might apply in
other cases of hormesis.
CAS Registry Numbers:
7440-50-8
7440-50-8
7440-43-9
1983-10-4
From Toxline at Toxnet
1979 - Source: BRITTON, J. C.
(ED.). PROCEEDINGS, FIRST INTERNATIONAL CORBICULA SYMPOSIUM,
FT. WORTH, TEX., USA, OCT. 13-15, 1977. VI+313P. TEXAS CHRISTIAN
UNIVERSITY RESEARCH FOUNDATION: FORT WORTH, TEX., USA. ILLUS.
MAPS. PAPER.; 0 (0). 1979 (RECD.
1980). P139-152.
CONTROL STUDIES ON CORBICULA FOR STEAM
ELECTRIC GENERATING PLANTS
GOSS LB, JACKSON JM, FLORA HB, ISOM BG,
GOOCH C, MURRAY SA, BURTON CG, BAIN WS
HEEP COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. TENNESSEE USA TRI BUTYL TIN OXIDE
TRI BUTYL TIN FLUORIDE TRI PHENYL LEAD ACETATE CONTROLLED RELEASE
SURFACES CHLORINE CHLORINE DI OXIDE BROMINE CHLORIDE FOULING
CONTROL MECHANICAL STRAINING CHEMICAL BIOCIDES HEAT TREATMENT
APPLICATIONS
CAS Registry Numbers:
16887-00-6
16887-00-6
10049-04-4
7782-50-5
7726-95-6
1983-10-4
1162-06-7
56-35-9
From Toxline at Toxnet
1975
Journal of Paint Technology, Vol. 47, No. 600, pages 54-58
Effects
Of Organotin Anti-Fouling Coatings On Man And His Environment
Sheldon
AW
Abstract:
The acute and chronic toxicities of anti fouling coatings were
studied in animals. The acute oral median lethal dose (LD50)
was determined for bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (56359), tributyltin-fluoride
(1983104) and triphenyltin-fluoride
(379522) for rats and rabbits. The acute dermal LD50 was also
determined. Primary skin and eye irritation were assessed for
these compounds. A subacute dermal toxicity study was performed
using albino-rabbits exposed to 14.0, 27.2 or 68.0 milligrams
per kilogram (mg/kg) applied to the skin of the back each day.
Mortality, reactions, body weight, hematologic and clinical
blood chemistry, urine and gross microscopic pathology were
studied. An assessment of the carcinogenicity of tributyltin-fluoride
was made in male Swiss-white-mice. Animals received a dermal
application of 15mg of 5 or 10 percent tributyltin-fluoride
solution 3 times a week for 6 months. The acute oral LD50 of
bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide was 234mg/kg and its acute dermal toxicity
was 11,700mg/kg as a powder. The acute
oral LD50 of tributyltin-fluoride was 200mg/kg and the dermal
LD50 was 680mg/kg. The acute oral LD50 of triphenyltin-fluoride
was 1,170mg/kg. All were severe or extreme
eye irritants and most were moderate to severe skin irritants.
In the 90 day study, no effects were seen at 14mg/kg. A
dose of 68mg/kg was toxic, with increases in total and differential
leukocyte counts and decreases in body weight. Skin lesions
were seen. At 27.2mg/kg effects were less pronounced. No carcinogenic
effects were seen from the dermal application of either concentration
of tributyltin-fluoride to mice. The author concludes that skin
and eye irritation are the major hazards from these organotin
anti fouling coating when used by humans.
From Toxline at Toxnet
1971
Industrial Bio-Tests Laboratories, Inc., Northbrook, Illinois,
IRT Report No. A8995, 4 pages.
90-Day
Subacute Dermal Toxicity Study With Tributyl Tin Fluoride (TBTF)
In Albino Rabbits
Sheldon
AW
Abstract:
The subacute dermal toxicity of tributyltin-fluoride (1983104)
was investigated in rabbits. Dermal applications of 5 or 10
percent weight to volume ratio of tributyltin-fluoride in propylene-glycol
were given to albino-rabbits for 7 hours per day, 5 days per
week, for 90 days. The total dose was 14.0, 27.2, or 68.0 milligrams
per kilogram (mg/kg) and the total number of applications was
65 for the lower doses and 41 applications for the highest dose.
Some animals were observed for an additional 28 days. One rabbit
given 27.2mg/kg died after 50 applications, and seven rabbits
given 68.0mg/kg died after receiving 35 to 41 applications.
None of the untreated controls or rabbits given 14.0mg/kg died.
Hypoactivity was observed in treated rabbits after three to
five applications. The chemical was severely irritating
to the skin and caused chemical burns after one to two applications;
the skin became escharotic after eight applications. Weight
loss occurred at the highest dose, but animals recovered during
the observation period. Increases were seen in total leukocytes,
percent of neutrophils, blood area nitrogen, and fasting blood
glucose, and decreases in the percent of lymphocytes in animals
given 68.0mg/kg. No significant gross or microscopic pathologic
alterations aside from the skin irritation were seen. The
author concludes that tributyltin-fluoride is a skin irritant.
From Toxline at Toxnet
1967 International Research and
Development Corporation, 22 pages, 1967
Acute Inhalation Exposure In Male Albino
Rats
Wazeter FX
The acute inhalation toxicity of Bio-Met-5, bis-tri-n-butyltin-oxide
(56359) (Bio-Met-TBTO), tributyltin-fluoride
(1983104) (TBTF) and tributyltin-benzoate (4342363) (TBTB)
was investigated in Charles-River-rats. Rats were exposed to
concentrations of 100 to 140 grams of test material at room
temperature, heated to 95 to 100 degrees-F, or to vapors of
Bio-Met-TBTO or Bio-Met-T heated to 250 to 400 degrees. Exposures
were for 6 hours per day with a 14 day observation period. Exposure
to TBTB resulted in sneezing, hypoactivity, dyspnea, and salivation.
Rats exposed to TBTF showed no signs of
toxicity; all animals survived. The effects of Bio-Met-TBTO
depended upon the temperature of the vapor. At room temperature
rats exhibited erythema, and sneezing, followed by hypoactivity,
dyspnea, ocular porphyrin, and slight cyanosis. Three rats died
within 15 hours of exposure. At room temperature, Bio-Met-TBTO
produced hypoactivity, erythema, dyspnea, salivation, nasal
porphyrin, and nasal discharge. At 95 to 100 degrees, signs
were similar to those at room temperature except for increased
grooming of the head and nose areas. Escape behavior, excessive
lacrimation, nasal discharge, and loose stools were seen. At
250 degrees, signs were the same but were seen earlier and were
more marked. One mortality occurred at 3.5 hours. Four rats
were sacrificed after exposure and the remainder died within
1 or 2 days. At 350 degrees, all rats died within 3 hours. At
room temperature exposure to Bio-Met-5, no symptoms were seen
in 6 of 10 rats. Slight ocular porphyrin discharge was seen
in three rats at the end of exposure, but all appeared essentially
normal. The same observations were made in rats exposed to 95
to 100 degrees except for a slight erythema in two rats after
1 hour of exposure. At 300 degrees, hypoactivity and eye squint
were seen beginning at 5 minutes of exposure. Excessive lacrimation,
hypoactivity, rales, erythema, ocular or nasal porphyrin, and
clear nasal discharge were observed at the end of exposure.
At 400 degrees, gasping dyspnea was observed. Five rats were
sacrificed; the remaining rats appeared essentially normal during
the subsequent 14 days.
Keywords:
DCN-122425
Acute exposure
Animal studies
Organo tin compounds
Pulmonary disorders
Temperature effects
Respiratory system disorders
Toxic effects
Lung irritants
Physiological response
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