SODIUM SILICOFLUORIDE
CASRN: 16893-85-9 For other data, click on the Table of Contents
Human Health Effects:
Human Toxicity Excerpts:
SYMPTOMATOLOGY: A. INGESTION OF SOL FLUORIDE
SALTS... 1. SALTY OR SOAPY TASTE, SALIVATION, NAUSEA, BURNING OR CRAMPY ABDOMINAL
PAIN, VOMITING, DIARRHEA (MAY BE BLOODY). DEHYDRATION & THIRST. 2. MUSCLE
WEAKNESS, TREMORS, & RARELY TRANSIENT EPILEPTIFORM CONVULSIONS...CENTRAL
NERVOUS DEPRESSION. /FLUORIDE/ [Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical
Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins,
1976.,p. II-78]**PEER REVIEWED**
SYMPTOMATOLOGY /INGESTION/: 3. SHOCK CHARACTERIZED BY PALLOR, WEAK & THREADY
PULSE...SHALLOW UNLABORED RESP, WEAK HEART SOUNDS, WET COLD SKIN, CYANOSIS,
DILATED PUPILS, FOLLOWED...BY DEATH IN 2-4 HR. 4. ...PARALYSIS OF MUSCLE OF
DEGLUTITION, CARPOPEDAL SPASM, & SPASM OF EXTREMITIES. /FLUORIDE/
[Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical
Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins,
1976.,p. II-78]**PEER REVIEWED**
SYMPTOMATOLOGY /INGESTION/: 5. OCCASIONALLY LOCALIZED OR GENERALIZED URTICARIA.
/FLUORIDE/ [Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical
Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins,
1976.,p. II-78]**PEER REVIEWED**
A 2 1/2-year old girl ingested sodium silicofluoride, developed acute respiratory
failure, a prolonged AT interval, ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation,
hypokalemia, hypocalcemia (3 to 4 mg/100 ml), and aspiration pneumonia. [Ellenhorn, M.J., S. Schonwald, G. Ordog, J. Wasserberger. Ellenhorn's
Medical Toxicology: Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 2nd ed. Baltimore,
MD: Williams and Wilkins, 1997. 1003]**PEER REVIEWED**
Drug Warnings:
Food and Environmental Agents: Effect on Breast-Feeding: Reported Sign or
Symptom in Infant or Effect on Lactation: Fluorides: None. /from Table 7/ [Report of the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs
in Pediatrics 93 (1): 142 (1994)]**QC REVIEWED**
Probable Routes of Human Exposure:
AVOID INHALATION OF DUSTS [Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer
Publishing Company, 1974. 547]**PEER REVIEWED**
Minimum Fatal Dose Level:
4. 4= VERY TOXIC: PROBABLE ORAL LETHAL DOSE (HUMAN) 50-500 MG/KG, BETWEEN
1 TEASPOON & 1 OZ FOR 70 KG PERSON (150 LB). [Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical
Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins,
1976.,p. II-78]**PEER REVIEWED**
Emergency Medical Treatment:
Emergency Medical Treatment:
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The following Overview, *** FLUORIDE
***, is relevant for this HSDB record chemical.
Life Support:
o This overview assumes that basic life support measures
have been instituted.
Clinical Effects:
SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE
0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Following ingestion, sodium fluoride probably reacts
with gastric acid to produce highly corrosive HF which
may cause the nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal
pains, and acute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis reported
following massive overdose.
o In most instances, gastrointestinal signs and symptoms
predominate. Other effects include headache, numbness,
carpopedal spasm, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and
hyperkalemia. In severe poisoning hypotension and
dysrhythmias may develop. Death usually occurs from
cardiac failure or respiratory paralysis.
o Respiratory and mucous membrane irritation may develop
after inhalation.
CARDIOVASCULAR
0.2.5.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Cardiac arrhythmias consistent with hyperkalemia may be
noted. Fatal cardiac arrest occurred in several
patients with renal failure exposed to fluoride during
hemodialysis.
RESPIRATORY
0.2.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Respirations are first stimulated then depressed.
Death is usually from respiratory paralysis. Following
inhalation, coughing and choking may be noted.
NEUROLOGIC
0.2.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Hyperactive reflexes, painful muscle spasms, weakness
and tetanic contractures may be noted due to fluoride
induced hypocalcemia.
GASTROINTESTINAL
0.2.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Epigastric pain, nausea, dysphagia, salivation,
hematemesis, and diarrhea may be noted. These effects
may be delayed for several hours following exposure.
GI symptoms are noted when 3 to 5 mg/kg of fluoride are
ingested.
FLUID-ELECTROLYTE
0.2.12.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Hyperkalemia may be noted. Hypocalcemia is likely.
DERMATOLOGIC
0.2.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Urticaria and pruritus have been reported following
exposure to fluoride.
REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS
o Prenatal fluoride supplementation (2.2 mg NaF or 1 mg
fluoride daily) during the last two trimesters of
pregnancy has been reported to be safe.
OTHER
0.2.23.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o CHRONIC EXPOSURE - Prolonged exposure to fluorinated
water may cause fluorosis. Signs and symptoms of
fluorosis include brittle bones, calcified ligaments,
and other crippling changes.
Laboratory:
o Monitor serum calcium, potassium, and magnesium levels
regularly in symptomatic patients.
o No other specific lab work (CBC, electrolyte, urinalysis)
is needed unless otherwise indicated.
o Monitor EKG in significant intoxications.
Treatment Overview:
ORAL EXPOSURE
o ADMINISTER milk, calcium gluconate, or calcium lactate
to bind fluoride ion in the gastrointestinal tract.
o ANTACIDS (aluminum and/or magnesium based) should be
administered.
o IV calcium (gluconate or chloride) and magnesium may be
necessary to correct serum deficits of these divalent
metals in serious overdosage.
o Monitor EKG and vital signs.
INHALATION EXPOSURE
o INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for
respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing
develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation,
bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and
assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with
beta2 agonist and corticosteroid aerosols.
EYE EXPOSURE
o DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious
amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes. If
irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia
persist, the patient should be seen in a health care
facility.
DERMAL EXPOSURE
o DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and wash
exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A
physician may need to examine the area if irritation or
pain persists.
Range of Toxicity:
o The estimated toxic dose is 5 to 10 mg/kg of fluoride (not
sodium fluoride). GI symptoms have occurred following
ingestion of 3 to 5 mg/kg of fluoride. Accidental
ingestion of sodium fluoride by children usually does not
present serious risk if the amount of fluoride ingested is
less than 5 mg/kg. Death has been reported following
ingestion of 16 mg/kg of fluoride. Fluoride toothpaste
typically contains a maximum of 1 milligram of fluoride
per gram of toothpaste.
TREATMENT: A. INGESTION OF SOL FLUORIDE
SALTS... 1. START IV INFUSION OF GLUCOSE IN ISOTONIC SALINE. 2. INJECT IV 10
ML OF 10% CALCIUM GLUCONATE SOLN. REPEAT IN ABOUT 1 HR &/OR WHENEVER TETANY
APPEARS. 3. GENTLE GASTRIC LAVAGE WITH LIME WATER OR 1% SOLN OF CALCIUM CHLORIDE...
/FLUORIDE/ [Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical
Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins,
1976.,p. II-78]**PEER REVIEWED**
TREATMENT: 3. ... ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE GELS SHOULD BE EXCEPTIONALLY EFFECTIVE
FOR BINDING FLUORIDE. 4. INJECT IM 10
ML OF 10% CALCIUM GLUCONATE @ 4-6 HOUR INTERVALS UNTIL RECOVERY IS COMPLETE...
/FLUORIDE/ [Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical
Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins,
1976.,p. II-78]**PEER REVIEWED**
TREATMENT: 5. TREAT SHOCK VIGOROUSLY BY ADMIN OF SALINE, PLASMA, OR WHOLE
BLOOD... NOREPINEPHRINE IS PROBABLY USEFUL. GIVE OXYGEN AS NEEDED. KEEP PT WARM.
6. CORRECT DEHYDRATION & ATTEMPT TO MAINTAIN A MILD DIURESIS, BUT DISCONTINUE
FLUIDS & ELECTROLYTES...IF ANURIA DEVELOPS... /FLUORIDE/
[Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical
Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins,
1976.,p. II-78]**PEER REVIEWED**
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for
signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer
oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema
and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... .
Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush
eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline
during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer
5 mL/kg up to 200 m1 of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a
strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile
dressings after decontamination ... . /Fluorine and related compounds/ [Bronstein, A.C., P.L. Currance; Emergency Care for Hazardous
Materials Exposure. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO. Mosby Lifeline. 1994. 416]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway
control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive-pressure
ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor
cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W
TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's to support
vital signs if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload.
Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of
hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension
with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures
with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation
... . /Fluorine and related compounds/ [Bronstein, A.C., P.L. Currance; Emergency Care for Hazardous
Materials Exposure. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO. Mosby Lifeline. 1994. 417]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Animal Toxicity Studies:
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts:
COMPD WITH HIGH WATER SOLUBILITY SUCH AS...SODIUM FLUOSILICATE PRODUCE SEVERE
PLANT DAMAGE. ...HIGHLY TOXIC TO FOLIAGE. [White-Stevens, R. (ed.). Pesticides in the Environment: Volume
1, Part 1, Part 2. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1971. 69]**PEER REVIEWED**
.../RESEARCHERS/ EXPOSED GUINEA PIGS TO AIR BEARING SODIUM SILICOFLUORIDE
AS DUST IN CONCN RANGING FROM 13-55 MG/CU M & FOUND DUST CAPABLE OF CAUSING
PULMONARY IRRITATION. THEY CONCLUDED THAT LEAST CONCN THAT CAUSED DEATH WHEN
INHALED FOR PERIOD OF 6 HR WAS 33 MG/CU M. [Patty, F. (ed.). Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume II:
Toxicology. 2nd ed. New York: Interscience Publishers, 1963. 845]**PEER REVIEWED**
DAIRY HERD OF 600 ANIMALS BECAME POISONED AS A RESULT OF RAILCAR CONTAMINATION
OF FEED; 95% OF HERD AFFECTED WITH SIGNS OF DECR NEUROMUSCULAR TRANSMISSION.
TREATMENT WITH CALCIUM GLUCONATE IV WAS EFFECTIVE. ACUTE POISONING RESEMBLED
CALCIUM DEPLETION. **PEER REVIEWED**
Non-Human Toxicity Values:
LD50 Rat oral 125 mg/kg [Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials.
9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996. 1424]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics:
Pharmacology:
Drug Warnings:
Food and Environmental Agents: Effect on Breast-Feeding: Reported Sign or
Symptom in Infant or Effect on Lactation: Fluorides: None. /from Table 7/ [Report of the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs
in Pediatrics 93 (1): 142 (1994)]**QC REVIEWED**
Minimum Fatal Dose Level:
4. 4= VERY TOXIC: PROBABLE ORAL LETHAL DOSE (HUMAN) 50-500 MG/KG, BETWEEN
1 TEASPOON & 1 OZ FOR 70 KG PERSON (150 LB). [Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical
Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins,
1976.,p. II-78]**PEER REVIEWED**
Environmental Fate & Exposure:
Probable Routes of Human Exposure:
AVOID INHALATION OF DUSTS [Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer
Publishing Company, 1974. 547]**PEER REVIEWED**
Environmental Standards & Regulations:
Chemical/Physical Properties:
Molecular Formula:
F6-Na2-Si **PEER REVIEWED**
Molecular Weight:
188.06 [Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals,
Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1477]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Color/Form:
WHITE GRANULAR POWDER [Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals,
Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1477]**PEER
REVIEWED**
White, free-flowing powder. [Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary.
12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 1057]**PEER REVIEWED**
Odor:
Odorless [Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary.
12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 1057]**PEER REVIEWED**
Taste:
Tasteless. [Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary.
12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 1057]**PEER REVIEWED**
Melting Point:
Melts at red heat with decomposition. [Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals,
Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1477]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Density/Specific Gravity:
2.7 g/cu cm. [Lide, D.R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 76th
ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1995-1996.,p. 4-86]**PEER REVIEWED**
pH:
SOLN IN COLD WATER IS NEUTRAL [Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals,
Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1477]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Solubilities:
SOL IN 150 PARTS COLD, 40 PARTS BOILING WATER; INSOL IN ALCOHOL [Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals,
Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1477]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Insoluble in ethanol. [Lide, D.R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 76th
ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1995-1996.,p. 4-86]**PEER REVIEWED**
In water, 0.64 g/100 g at 20 deg C, 0.76 g/100 g at 25 deg C, 1.27 g/100 g
at 50 deg C, 2.45 g/100 g at 100 deg C. [Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial
Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to Present.,p.
VA11 337]**PEER REVIEWED**
Spectral Properties:
INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.312, 1.309 [Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 57th ed.
Cleveland: CRC Press Inc., 1976.,p. B-160]**PEER REVIEWED**
Other Chemical/Physical Properties:
Solutions of fluosilicates are sensitive to hydrolysis in alkaline medium.
In the presence of acid, fluosilicate solutions release silicon tetrafluoride.
The thermal decomposition of fluosilicates takes place with release of gaseous
silicon tetrfluoride and formation of the solid fluoride.
/Fluosilicates/ [Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial
Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to Present.,p.
VA11 336]**PEER REVIEWED**
Chemical Safety & Handling:
DOT Emergency Guidelines:
Health: TOXIC, inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause
severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns
to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may
be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff
from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause
pollution. [U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency
Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase
of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation
(U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials
Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-154]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Fire or explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may
decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers
and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with
metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.
[U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency
Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase
of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation
(U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials
Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-154]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Public safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number. ... Isolate spill
or leak area immediately for at least 25 to 50 meters (80 to 160 feet) in all
directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas.
Ventilate enclosed areas. [U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency
Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase
of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation
(U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials
Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-154]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Protective clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus
(SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing which is specifically recommended
by the manufacturer. Structural firefighters' protective clothing is recommended
for fire situations ONLY, it is not effective in spill situations. [U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency
Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase
of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation
(U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials
Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-154]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Evacuation: ... Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire,
ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial
evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. [U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency
Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase
of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation
(U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials
Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-154]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Fire: Small fires: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray. Large fires: Dry chemical,
CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. Move containers from fire area if
you can do it without risk. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not
scatter the material. Fire involving tanks or car/trailer loads: Fight fire
from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not
get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water
until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from
venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from the ends
of tanks. [U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency
Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase
of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation
(U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials
Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-154]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Spill or leak: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks
or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material
unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without
risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb
or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer
to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. [U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency
Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase
of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation
(U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials
Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-154]**PEER
REVIEWED**
First aid: Move victim to fresh air. Call emergency medical care. Apply artificial
respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if
victim ingested or inhaled the substance; induce artificial respiration with
the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory
medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate
contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately
flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin
contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim warm and quiet.
Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may
be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved,
and take precautions to protect themselves. [U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency
Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase
of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation
(U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials
Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-154]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Hazardous Decomposition:
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen fluoride/
and Na2O. [Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials.
9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996. 1424]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Shipment Methods and Regulations:
No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation
in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous
material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition
for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations
(49 CFR 171-177)./ [49 CFR 171.2 (7/1/96)]**PEER REVIEWED**
The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles
for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual
substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in
the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names
has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting
to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance
or article. [IMDG; International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code; International
Maritime Organization p.6219 (1988)]**PEER REVIEWED**
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations
are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions
618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed
by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. [IATA. Dangerous Goods Regulations. 39th Ed. Montreal, Canada
and Geneva, Switzerland : International Air Transport Association, Dangerous
Goods Regulations, 1998. 97]**PEER REVIEWED**
Disposal Methods:
SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary
landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing
land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental
regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. **PEER REVIEWED**
Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed
three times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 min during a work day,
and under no circumstances should they exceed five times the TLV-TWA, provided
that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Fluorides, as F/ [American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Threshold
Limit Values (TLVs) for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents Biological Exposure
Indices for 1998. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH, 1998. 6]**PEER REVIEWED**
A4. Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Fluorides, as F/ [American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Threshold
Limit Values (TLVs) for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents Biological Exposure
Indices for 1998. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH, 1998. 39]**PEER REVIEWED**
Biological Exposure Index adoption (1990): Fluorides in urine prior to shift
is 3 mg/g creatinine. Fluorides in urine at end of shift is 10 mg/g creatinine.
The determinant is usually present in a significant amt in biological specimens
collected from subjects who have not been occupationally exposed. Such background
levels are incl in the BEI value. The determinant is nonspecific, since it is
observed after exposure to some other chemicals. These nonspecific tests are
preferred because they are easy to use and usually offer a better correlation
with exposure than specific tests. In such instances, a BEI for a specific,
less quantitative biological determinant is recommended as a confirmatory test.
/Fluorides, as F/ [American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Threshold
Limit Values (TLVs) for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents Biological Exposure
Indices for 1998. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH, 1998. 100]**PEER REVIEWED**
8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA) 2.5 mg/cu m /Fluorides, as F/ [American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Threshold
Limit Values (TLVs) for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents Biological Exposure
Indices for 1998. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH, 1998. 39]**PEER REVIEWED**
Manufacturing/Use Information:
Major Uses:
IN ENAMELS FOR CHINA & PORCELAIN; MFR OPAL GLASS; INSECT EXTERMINATOR
& POISON FOR RODENTS; MOTHPROOFING OF WOOLENS; VET: PEDICULICIDE [Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals,
Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1477]**PEER
REVIEWED**
MAJOR USE AS FLUORIDATION AGENT FOR DRINKING WATER [International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health
and Safety. Volumes I and II. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1971. 558]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Gelling agent in the Dunlop process (production of latex foam) [Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed., Volumes
1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984.,p. V20 455]**PEER REVIEWED**
Fluoridation, laundry soaps, opalescent glass, vitreous enamel frits, metallurgy
(aluminum and beryllium), insecticides and rodenticides, chemical intermediate,
glue, leather and wood preservative, moth repellent, manufacture of pure silicon.
[Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary.
12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 1057]**PEER REVIEWED**
Raw material for cryolite and for silicon tetrafluoride. [Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial
Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to Present.,p.
VA11 337]**PEER REVIEWED**
Manufacturers:
Chemtech Products Inc., Hq, 1633 Des Peres Road, Suite 210, St. Louis, MO
63131, (314) 965-7100; Fluoride Manufacturing
Division; Production site: Alorton, IL 62205. [SRI. 1997 Directory of Chemical Producers - United States of
America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International 1997. 890]**PEER REVIEWED**
IMC-Agrico Company, Hq, Old Highway, 37, P.O. Box 2000-1100, Mulberry, FL
33860, (941) 428-2500; Production site: P.O. Box 71, Donaldsonville, LA 70346
(Faustina Works). [SRI. 1997 Directory of Chemical Producers - United States of
America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International 1997. 890]**PEER REVIEWED**
Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation, Hq, 6177 Sunol Boulevard, Pleasnaton,
CA 94566-7769, (510) 462-1122; Production site: P.O. Box 646, Mulberry, FL 33860.
[SRI. 1997 Directory of Chemical Producers - United States of
America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International 1997. 890]**PEER REVIEWED**
Methods of Manufacturing:
THIS SALT IS MADE BY NEUTRALIZING FLUOSILICIC ACID WITH SODIUM HYDROXIDE OR
SODIUM CARBONATE. [International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health
and Safety. Volumes I and II. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1971. 558]**PEER
REVIEWED**
From fluorosilicic acid and sodium carbonate or sodium chloride. [Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary.
12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 1057]**PEER REVIEWED**
The manufacture of fluosilicates, especially the sodium salt, is carried out
by neutralization of fluosilicic acid. The operation is carried out under vigorous
agitation, with control of the ratio of reagents in order not to simultaneously
produce the fluoride by introduction
of excess alkali. Sodium fluosilicate is prepared by the action of fluosilicic
acid on the sodium chloride. The products are filterable solids. [Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial
Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to Present.,p.
VA11 336]**PEER REVIEWED**
General Manufacturing Information:
VET: TOPICALLY, AS 2% DUST AGAINST LICE & MOSQUITOES ON CATTLE, SHEEP,
& SWINE, & UNDILUTED ON POULTRY (1 LB/100 BIRDS, OR AS DIP- 30 G/GAL
OF WATER). ORALLY EFFECTIVE AGAINST ROUNDWORMS & POSSIBLY WHIPWORMS IN SWINE.
ORAL DOSES (50 PPM IN FEED) ARE EFFECTIVE IN PREVENTING DENTAL CARIES IN RATS.
[Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer
Publishing Company, 1974. 547]**PEER REVIEWED**
TOXIC COMPD. AVOID...CONTAMINATION OF FEEDSTUFFS. [Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer
Publishing Company, 1974. 547]**PEER REVIEWED**
Grades: Technical; C.P. [Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary.
12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993,p. `057]**PEER REVIEWED**
The average grade of commerce is approx. 98% pure. [Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals,
Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1477]**PEER
REVIEWED**
U. S. Production:
(1984) 1.96X10+10 g [BUREAU OF THE CENSUS. CURRENT INDUSTRIAL REPORTS: INORGANIC
CHEMICALS 1984 p.7]**PEER REVIEWED**
U. S. Imports:
(1984) 3.00X10+9 g [BUREAU OF THE CENSUS. U.S. IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION AND GENERAL
IMPORTS 1984 p.1-351]**PEER REVIEWED**
Laboratory Methods:
Analytic Laboratory Methods:
AOAC Method 945.05. Fluorine Present as Sodium Fluosilicate in Pesticide Formulations.
[Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods
of Analysis. 15th ed. and Supplements. Washington, DC: Association of Analytical
Chemists, 1990 152]**PEER REVIEWED**
Grades: Technical; C.P. [Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary.
12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993,p. `057]**PEER REVIEWED**
The average grade of commerce is approx. 98% pure. [Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals,
Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1477]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO:
UN 2674 ; Sodium silicofluoride
RTECS Number:
NIOSH/VV8410000
Administrative Information:
Hazardous Substances Databank Number: 770
Last Revision Date: 20010809
Last Review Date: Reviewed by SRP on 9/18/1998
Update History:
Complete Update on 08/09/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/12/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/02/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/21/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/26/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 12/17/1998, 35 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 06/02/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 10/17/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 05/01/1997, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 01/19/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 08/21/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 12/22/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 11/03/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 11/02/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/16/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/25/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 05/25/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 12/15/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/22/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 12/29/1989, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/13/1989, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/24/1987