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Due
to the number of reports, the following
are the categories we present them.
(Note: these reports were cited on Toxline
at Toxnet in April 2005) |
Fluoride
(all reports except Canada) |
Fluoride:
CANADA |
Fluoride
in the
Nuclear Industry |
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Note:
many of the
Canadian communities
cited in these reports
border the US. |
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Note:
this is a selected
list of reports. |
NTIS
Reports can be ordered by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S.
customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900;
and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5285 Port
Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.
|
Order
Number
Source
Number |
Date
Published / Title / Author & Affiliation / Sponsor Agency |
Abstract
/Keywords |
NTIS/OTS0572165
EPA/OTS;
Doc #88-950000195 |
1995.
INITIAL SUBMISSION: LETTER FROM ALUMINUM CO AMER TO USEPA REGARDING:
PITUITARY ADENOMAS DIAGNOSIS IN
4-WORKERS IN WARRICK OPERATIONS SMELTER IN NEWBURGH,
INDIANA DATED 04/05/95 |
ALUMINUM CO OF AMER
COAL TAR PITCH VOLATILES, FLUORIDES,
ALUMINA DUSTS, SULFUR
HEALTH EFFECTS
CASE REPORT
MAMMALS
HUMANS |
NTIS/OTS0572561
EPA/OTS;
Doc #86950000255 |
1995.
COMPARISON OF THE TOXICITY OF SODIUM TRIFLUOROACETATE, SODIUM
DIFLUOROACETATE, SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE AND SODIUM
FLUORIDE TO THE ALGA WITH COVER LETTER DATED 05/12/95
Corporate
Name: SOLVAY DUPHAR |
AFEAS
SODIUM TRIFLUOROACETATE (CAS# 2923-18-4)
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
ACUTE TOXICITY
ALGAE |
NTIS/OTS0572560
EPA/OTS;
Doc #86950000254 |
1995.
COMPARISON OF THE TOXICITY OF SODIUM TRIFLUOROACETATE, DIFLUOROACETIC
ACID, SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE & SODIUM
FLUORIDE TO THE ALGA WITH COVER LETTER DATED 05/12/95
|
AFEAS
SODIUM TRIFLUOROACETATE (CAS# 2923-18-4)
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
ACUTE TOXICITY
ALGAE |
NTIS/PB95-963120
Paper
copy available on Standing Order, deposit account required
($100 U.S., Canada, and Mexico; all others $200)
Single
copies also available in paper copy or microfiche.
21p |
1995.
Superfund Explanation of Significant Difference for the Record
of Decision (EPA Region 10): Martin
Marietta Superfund Site, The Dalles, OR., September
23, 1994.
Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. |
The ROD
identified consolidation of cathode wastes from the facility
into a landfill and on-Site treatment for cyanide and fluoride
of the leachate generated from the landfill. However, since
the signing of the ROD, the leachate flow rate has not decreased
significantly, potentially due to leakage of perched water into
the landfill through bedrock fractures beneath the landfill.
The significant circumstances that warrant the need for this
ESD are largely a result of several changes that occurred during
the construction phase of the remedial action. See also PB89-188759. |
NTIS/PB95-263364
116p |
1995.
Public Health Assessment for Tri-County
Landfill Waste Management of Illinois, South Elgin, Kane County,
Illinois, Region 5
CERCLIS
No. ILD048306183.
Illinois
State Dept. of Public Health, Springfield.
Sponsored
by Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry, Atlanta, GA. |
The Tri-County
and Elgin Landfills pose a public health hazard because the
concentrations of lead in downgradient private wells are high
enough to be a long-term health concern. Completed exposure
pathways include the exposure to contaminated water from on-
and off-site private wells (inhalation, ingestion, dermal contact;
past, present, future). Contaminants of
concern in on-site groundwater include bis(2-chloroethyl)ether,
vinyl chloride, antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, fluoride,
lead, manganese, nickel, nitrate + nitrite, and thallium. Chemicals
of concern in on-site surface soil and sediments include PCBs,
arsenic, cadmium, and nickel. Contaminants of concern in on-site
subsurface soil include PCBs, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and nickel.
This public health assessment recommends health professionals
education and community health education be conducted for the
community impacted by the landfills. Final
rept. |
NTIS/PB96-109046
101p |
1995.
Fort Hall Air Emissions Study, Fort
Hall Indian Reservation, Fort Hall, Idaho.
Authors:
Metcalf SW
Sonnenfeld NL
Rolka DL
Kaye WE
Agency
for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
Atlanta, GA. |
The Agency
for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) conducted
a cross-sectional health study at the Fort Hall Indian Reservation
in Idaho to investigate concerns about the health effects on
reservation residents that might be attributed to two
phosphate-processing plants located near the reservation's southern
border. In addition to increased particulates, air
emissions from these plants included phosphorus pentoxide,
cadmium, chromium, fluoride, uranium, and its daughter radionuclides.
A total of 515 participants -- 229 from Fort Hall and 286 from
a comparison group at the Duck Valley Indian Reservation --
were interviewed in person by trained American Indian interviewers.
Approximately 100 residents of each reservation performed pulmonary
function tests and provided urine specimens
that were analyzed for cadmium, chromium, fluoride,
and several renal biomarkers. |
NTIS/DE96620534
U.S.
Sales Only.
44p |
1995.
Toxicity levels to humans during acute exposure to hydrogen
fluoride - An update.
Author:
Halton DM
Atomic
Energy Control Board, Ottawa (Ontario). |
In March
1993, the Atomic Energy Control Board (AECB) commissioned and
update of a 1984 review on the acute toxicity of hydrogen fluoride
(HF). The study places particular emphasis
on the effects of inhalation of gaseous HF and is divided into
two main parts: a literature review and a lethal concentration
(LC) estimation. The literature review summarizes data
under four categories: animal studies, controlled human studies,
community exposure, and industrial exposure. Data in these areas
were critically reviewed for their relevance to lethal concentrations
at LC(sub LO), LC(sub 10) and LC(sub 50) levels that were derived
in the 1984 report. In the last ten years, only one relevant
animal study has been published. No new
controlled human studies were found but a community exposure
incident was reported. There were three new industrial/accidental
exposures reported since 1984. Evaluation of new data
does not change the lethal concentration estimates made in the
1984 report, but does indicate the ab [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB95-191342
255p |
1995.
Analysis of Acid Precipitation Samples Collected by State
Agencies Sampling Period: January-December 1992.
Author:
Shepard LS
Global
Geochemistry Corp., Canoga Park, CA.
Supporting
Agency: Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure
Assessment Lab. |
The report
presents analytical data from the 30 acid precipitation collection
sites in the State-Operated Network. Samples are collected weekly
in plastic bag bucket liners and shipped in 500 mL polyethylene
bottles to Global Geochemistry Corporation, the central laboratory
for the network. The report contains maps showing the location
of each site, plots of analytical data, tables of all field
and analytical data, plots comparing field and laboratory pH
and conductivity, and information on data quality. Samples are
analyzed for pH, strong acid, conductivity, fluoride,
chloride, nitrite, phosphate, bromide, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium,
sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Annual project rept.
See also PB93-144152. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab. |
NTIS/TIB/A96-00848
152p |
1995.
(Reduction in emissions of pollutants from plasma processes.
Technical implantation in plasma etching processes.
Final report).
Authors:
Meyer A
Herrmann H
UMEX
Gesellschaft fuer Umweltberatung und Entsorgung mbH, Erfurt
(DE). |
The necessity
to develop processes and plants designed to achieve a reduction
in emissions from plasma processes involving etching gases containing
fluorine was the starting point for the present work. With this
aim in view, two process variants have been devised from the
idea to the operating laboratory reactor. Both
variants are based on the reaction of gases containing fluorine
with solid iron in the vacuum section, that is, before the gas
enters the vacuum pump. The activation energy required for the
reaction is supplied on the one hand by plasma-chemical excitation
and on the other hand by tribochemical or thermal excitation.
Prototype laboratory reactors have been built and incorporated
into a complete test stand including a system to supply model
gases and real waste gases, a waste gas reactor and a sampling
system or mass spectrometer. The efficiency of the reactors
could be demonstrated by using model gases such as CCl(4), HF,
CHF(3), CF(4) and C(2)F(6) and real waste gas mixtures which
Keywords:
Technologies
Plasma etching
Fluorides
Air purification
Foreign technology |
NTIS/ASTM-D-3868-95
2p |
1995.
(Fluoride Ions in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines. (ASTM
Standard).
American
Society for Testing and Materials,
West Conshohocken, PA. |
Copyright
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 100 Barr
Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA, 19428, USA. This document
is available from NTIS under license from ASTM. This test method
is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-19 on Water and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommitee D19.05 on Inorganic
Constituents in Water. Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1995.
Published November 1995. Originally published as D3868-79. Last
previous edition D3868-94. |
NTIS/PB95-181764
66p |
1995.
Public Health Assessment for Agrico
Chemical Site, Pensacola, Escambia County, Florida,
Region 4.
CERCLIS
No. FLD980221857.
Florida
State Dept. of Health and Rehabilitative Services, Tallahassee.
Supporting
Agency: Agency for Toxic Substances
and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA. |
The Agrico
Chemical Co. Superfund site (Agrico) is a former sulfuric acid
and phosphate fertilizer production facility in Pensacola, Escambia
County, Florida. The authors focused their public assessment
on the following chemicals: arsenic, chromium, fluoride, lead,
manganese, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), sulfate
and vanadium. Workers and treapassers on the site may have accidentally
eaten contaminated soil or waste sludge, or gotten this material
or contaminated water on their skin. Arsenic in surface soil
on the site may also increase the risk of skin, bladder, liver,
kidney and lung cancer. Arsenic in surface soil at the onsite
baseball field, and lead and PAHs in surface soil on and off
of the site would result in no apparent increase in the risk
of cancer. Analysis of off-site surface
soil samples has been limited to PAHs, fluoride and three analyses
for lead. Based on the information the authors have, this site
is a public health hazard. Final rept. |
NTIS/PB95-131884
42p |
1994.
(Monitoring Activities in the Framework of the Dutch National
Air Quality Monitoring Network in 1994).
Authors:
Swaan P
Buijsman E
Rijksinstituut
voor de Volksgezondheid en Milieuhygiene, Bilthoven (Netherlands). |
The report
presents an overview of monitoring activities in the framework
of the Dutch National Air Quality Monitoring Network. The network
is one of the responsibilities of the Laboratory for Air Research
of the National Institute of Public Health and Environmental
Protection. Surveys of the monitoring stations per component
are provided, together with maps of their locations. Overviews
are presented for: gaseous components (CO, NO(x), O3, SO2, NH3,
Volatile Organic Components (VOC)); aerosols etc. (metals, acidifying
components, particulate matter); chemical composition of precipitation
(a.o. acidifying components, metals); other monitoring activities
(wind speed, wind direction, measurements
for ECE, fluoride accumulation). Text in Dutch; summary
in English. |
NTIS/AD-A286
095/5
33p |
1994.
Launch Safety, Toxicity, and Environmental Effects of the
High Performance Oxidizer ClF(5).
Author:
Syage JA
Aerospace
Corp., El Segundo, CA. Technology Operations. |
An assessment
is presented for the human toxicity, environmental, and ecological
consequences resulting from accidental releases of ClF5 liquid
propellant. Various accident scenarios are considered involving
instantaneous releases of 2000 kg of propellant. Plume dispersion
profiles were calculated using the AFTOX code for typical climate
conditions at Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB). For a ground-based
cold spill or combustion, the area exceeding long-term human
exposure levels is less than 1 km square, and the exposure time
is well under an hour (typically several minutes). The area
exceeding short-term exposure levels is probably less than 0.1
km square. The toxic hazard is is likely to be less important
than the combustion and fire hazard to on-site personnel. Plant
life damage would be limited to temporary leaf burns and some
defoliation within 300 meters of the spill site. Sea life would
be unaffected in the vicinity of VAFB. Further study should
consider the complex interplay of aerosol [abstract truncated]
Keywords:
Humans
Liquid propellants
Toxicity
Fluorides
Launch vehicles
Safety
Chlorine pentafluoride |
NTIS/PB95-110193
100 pp |
1994.
Final
report
on the developmental toxicity of sodium fluoride (CAS no.
7681-49-4) in Sprague-Dawley (CDÑ) rats.
Grant/Contract
Funding: N01-ES-95255 |
This study
was conducted to assess the potential for orally administered
sodium fluoride (NaF) to cause developmental toxicity. The most
common human exposure to NaF occurs as a result of fluoridation
(1 ppm F) of municipal drinking water supplies. The lack of
pertinent developmental toxicity data in the published literature
prompted the initiation of this study. NaF (CAS No. 7681-49-4)
was administered ad libitum in drinking water to mated CDÑ
rats (26/group) on gestation days (GD) 6 through 15 at levels
of 0, 50, 150, or 300 ppm. Control water contained less than
0.6 ppm NaF (method detection limit) and food contained an average
of 12.4 ppm F (11.6-13.4 ppm F). The calculated doses from drinking
water were 7, 18 and 27 mg NaF/kg/day (i.e., 3, 8 and 12 mg
F/kg/day) for the low-through high-dose groups, respectively.
Intake from food added approximately 2 mg NaF/kg/day (i.e.,
1 mg F/kg/day) to the intake for each group. Animals were observed
daily for clinical signs of toxicity. Food, water, and body
weights were recorded for the animals in each group on GD 0,
2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20. All animals in the developmental
toxicity study were killed on GD 20 and examined for maternal
body and organ weights, implant status, fetal weight, sex, and
morphological development. An additional 10 mated animals per
group were subjected to the same experimental regimen but sacrificed
on GD 16 for blood collection; serum samples were submitted
to the sponsor for determination of serum fluoride concentration.
No maternal lethality occurred in this study. No treatment-related
clinical signs of toxicity or effects on maternal body weight
were observed. However, maternal weight gain was significantly
reduced at 300 ppm during the first two days of exposure (GD
6 to 8), and a trend toward decreased weight gain was noted
for the treatment period as a whole (GD 6 to 16). Maternal food
intake (g/kg/day) for NaF-exposed dams was generally comparable
to controls, except for a significant decrease at 300 ppm from
GD 8 to 10. In contrast, maternal water consumption (g/kg/day)
during exposure was significantly decreased in the animals exposed
to 300 ppm NaF. Post-exposure water consumption was normal in
these animals indicating the probability of decreased palatability
of the 300 ppm solution. Necropsy of the maternal animals revealed
no effects on kidney or liver weights. NaF exposure did not
significantly affect the frequency of post-implantation loss,
mean fetal body weight per litter, or external, visceral, or
skeletal malformations. Determination of serum fluoride levels
in the 10 animals per group terminated on GD 16 revealed mean
levels of 0.007 +/- 0.002, 0.035 +/- 0.040, 0.039 +/- 0.039,
and 0.187 +/- 0.076 ppm F at the end of the exposure period
(per data provided by the NTP). The poor palatability of the
300 ppm NaF solution in this study apparently reduced maternal
water consumption. Maternal weight gain was significantly reduced
from GD 6 to 8, but recovered thereafter. There was no definitive
evidence of developmental toxicity at levels of sodium fluoride
in drinking water as high as 300 ppm (resulting in an average
exposure of 27 mg NaF/kg/day, or 12 mg F/kg/day). When rodent
chow was considered as a source of F, the total intake for the
high dose group was 13 mg F/kg/day. By comparison, the estimated
human intake from a 1 ppm F drinking water source is approximately
0.027 mg F/kg/day, and the estimated range of intake from both
food and drinking water sources for an adult human is 0.014-0.080
mg F/kg/day. Thus, the average daily intake of F from drinking
water at the developmental NOAEL in this study was approximately
450 times the estimated adult human intake from a fluoridated
drinking water source. Total daily intake in this study was
approximately 165 times the upper estimate for human intake
from food and fluids, including fluoridated water. This study
established a NOAEL for maternal toxicity at 150 ppm (18 mg
NaF/kg/day) and a NOAEL at 300 ppm for developmental toxicity
(27 mg NaF/kg/day) administered in drinking water to pregnant
CDÑ rats during organogenesis. |
NTIS/PB95-109997,
151p |
1994.
Final Report
on the Developmental Toxicity of Sodium Fluoride (CAS No.
7681-49-4) in Sprague-Dawley (CD (Trade Name)) Rats from Gestation
Day 6 through 15 in Drinking Water. Laboratory Supplement.
Research
Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC. Center for Life
Sciences and Toxicology. |
Toxicity
Sodium fluorides
Fetal development |
NTIS/AV005543-SS00
This set
includes 80 slides on reel to reel color format. |
1994.Air
Pollution and Plant Life.
National
Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati, OH. |
The program
surveys air pollution injury to vegetation across the country
by common atmospheric pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, oxides
of nitrogen, fluorides, ozone, and pan. Script included. |
NTIS/PB95-126843
20p |
1994.
Assessment
of Dental Fluorosis in Relation to the Dosage of Dietary Fluoride
Supplements Used.
Author:
Leverett DH
Eastman
Dental Center, Rochester, NY.
Supporting
Agency: National Inst. of Dental Research,
Bethesda, MD. |
Several
recent reports have shown an increase in dental fluorosis in
children in fluoridated and especially, fluoride-deficient communities.
Although several possible causes have been explored, use of
dietary fluoride supplements is the variable most often significantly
associated with this phenomenon. The objectives of the study
were to (1) assess the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis
in early erupting permanent teeth in a test group (exposed to
dietary fluoride supplements) and a control group (not exposed)
of school-age children in fluoride-deficient communities; and
(2) assess the relation of dietary fluoride supplementation
taken according to the currently recommended ADA dosage schedule
to the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in the study
groups. The study population was made up of 572 in the test
group and 564 in the control group. The prevalence rate of dental
fluorosis (using the TSIF) in the test group was 54%, compared
to 27% in the control group. In lower anterio [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB94-142965
52p |
1994.
Public
Health Assessment for Motor Wheel, Lansing
Township, Ingham County, Michigan, Region 5
CERCLIS
No. MID980702989.
Michigan
Dept. of Public Health, Lansing.
Sponsored
by Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry, Atlanta, GA. |
The Motor
Wheel Disposal Area site was placed on the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) National Priorities List (NPL)
in June 1986. Groundwater at the site
has been contaminated with several volatile organic chemicals
and fluoride from the waste. Other
adjacent industrial sites have contributed to the area's groundwater
contamination. The site poses an indeterminate public health
hazard. There are currently no known completed pathways of exposure
associated with this site. Potential pathways include on-site
exposure to contaminants in leachate, soil, fugitive dust and
water and off-site exposure to contaminated groundwater in either
of two aquifers. Final rept. |
NTIS/PB95-216131
24p |
1994.
Contaminant
Assessment of Fish, Rangia Clams, and Sediments in the Lower
Pamlico River, North Carolina.
Fish
and Wildlife Service, Raleigh, NC. Div. of Ecological Services. |
Samples
of sediment, rangia clams (Rangia cuneata), gizzard shad (Dorosoma
cepedianum), and longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus) were collected
from five sites in the lower Pamlico River and analyzed for
elemental contaminants, organochlorines, aliphatic hydrocarbons,
and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Most sample concentrations
were either beneath the detection limit or too low to be associated
with biological impacts. However, sediment
sample concentrations of cadmium and fluoride were observed
at levels that could be associated with biological impacts at
one of the sites which was located near the discharge from a
large phosphate mining operation. |
NTIS/PB94-178811
97p |
1994.
Public
Health Assessment for National Southwire
Aluminum Company, Hawesville, Hancock County, Kentucky,
Region 4.
CERCLIS
No. KYD049062375.
Agency
for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
Atlanta, GA. |
The
National Southwire Aluminum Company site is an active primary
aluminum reduction facility in Hancock County, Kentucky.
On-site maintenance workers and any construction or remedial
workers who are, or have been in the past, in close contact
with surface soil and workers at the waste
areas were probably exposed in the past and may be currently
exposed to fluoride through incidental soil ingestion at levels
that could cause adverse health effects. In addition,
workers on site, and residents who live in the vicinity of the
site were probably exposed and may be currently exposed to aluminum,
arsenic, cobalt, cyanide, manganese, and nickel through skin
contact or soil and water ingestion. Residents
of the nearby towns of Hawesville, Tell City, Cannelton, Troy,
Lewisport, and East Daviess, and possibly Evansville were exposed
and may be currently exposed to low levels of fluoride,
manganese, and arsenic through their municipal
drinking water. In the absence of pertinent data and
information, ATSDR [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB94-207339
42p |
1994.
Health
Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 90-0244-2414, Alumax
of South Carolina, Inc., Goose
Creek, South Carolina.
Authors:
Moss CE
Salisbury SA
Booher D
National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazard Evaluations and Technical Assistance Branch. |
A health
hazard evaluation was conducted in response to a request from
employees at Alumax of South Carolina (SIC-3334) Mt. Holly aluminum
reduction facility, Goose Creek, South Carolina concerning exposure
to welding fumes, airborne dust and other hazards associated
with pot change out, cruse cleaning and pure bath activities.
The facility was a two potline primary aluminum company which
employed about 650 workers. The highest
exposures to gaseous and particulate fluorides were limited
mostly to workers involved in pot change out and sweeping operations.
The authors conclude that overexposures to fluorides were possible
during pot change out, replacing anodes and sweeping activities.
Respirable crystalline silica (14808607) overexposures may occur
during removal of the spent refractory liner. The authors recommend
specific measures, including air monitoring for gaseous and
particulate fluorides and total welding fumes, and monitoring
electric and magnetic fields produced at various points in th
[abstract truncated] |
NTIS/DE97722477
47p |
1994.
(Effects of emissions from aluminium industry in the marine
environment).
Authors:
Knutzen J
Naes K
Norsk
Inst. for Vannforskning, Oslo. |
This report
gives a brief presentation of a literature study of what is
known about the effects of PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)
on the marine environment and somewhat
more summarily about fluoride, acidification and cyanide.
Results are also reported for the seven Norwegian fjords which
are recipients for aluminium production plants. Norwegian and
foreign observations are discussed in relation to critical loads
and lack of knowledge. The PAH can accumulate in sediments and
organisms and some are potentially carcinogenic. PAH bound to
soot particles such as from aluminium production appear not
to cause ecological damage beyond one or two km from the emission.
However, by elevated PAH levels in sediments the emissions from
the aluminium works have been traceable to 30-40 km and more.
Lately, large reductions of emission have significantly improved
the situation in many of the recipients. Increased
content of fluoride and reduced pH is with one exception only
a factor within the primary d [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/DE94018532
378p |
1994.
Remedial
Action Plan and Site Design for Stabilization of the Inactive
Uranium Mill Tailings Site, Maybell, Colorado. Appendixes
to Attachment 3: Appendix A, Hydrological services calculations:
Appendix B, Ground water quality by location, Final
report.
Jacobs
Engineering Group, Inc.,
Albuquerque, NM. |
This report
contains chemical analysis data for ground water for the following:
elements; cyanides; chlorides; dissolved organic carbon; fluorides;
silica; sulfates; sulfides; dissolved solids; nitrates; and
nitrites. (ERA citation 19:029430) Progress rept. Sponsored
by Department of Energy, Washington, DC. |
NTIS/DE94017941
522p |
1994.
Study
of toxic emissions from a coal-fired power plant utilizing
an ESPet FGD system. Volume 1, Sampling, results, and special
topics: Final report.
Battelle,
Columbus, OH. Columbus Operations.
Supporting
Agency: Department of Energy,
Washington, DC. |
This was
one of a group of assessments of toxic emissions from coal-fired
power plants, conducted for DOE-PETC in 1993 as mandated by
the 1990 Clean Air Act. It is organized into 2 volumes; Volume
1 describes the sampling effort, presents the concentration
data on toxic chemicals in several power plant streams, and
reports the results of evaluations and calculations. The study
involved solid, liquid, and gaseous samples from input, output,
and process streams at Coal Creek Station Unit No. 1, Underwood,
North Dakota (1100 MW mine-mouth plant burning lignite from
the Falkirk mine located adjacent to the plant). This plant
had an electrostatic precipitator and a wet scrubber flue gas
desulfurization unit. Measurements were conducted on June 21--24,
26, and 27, 1993; chemicals measured were
6 major and 16 trace elements (including Hg, Cr, Cd, Pb, Se,
As, Be, Ni), acids and corresponding anions (HCl, HF, chloride,
fluoride, phosphate, sulfate),
ammonia and cyanide, elemental C, radionuclides, VOCs, [abstract
truncated] |
NTIS/PB94-964052
Paper
copy available on Standing Order, deposit account required
($100 U.S., Canada, and Mexico; all others $200).
Single
copies also available in paper copy or microfiche.
59p |
1994.
Superfund
Record of Decision (EPA Region 4): BMI-Textron Site, Lake
Park, FL., August 1994.
Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. |
This decision
document presents the selected remedial action for the Basic
Microelectronic, Incorporated (BMI)-Textron Site (BMI-Textron
Site or the Site), in Lake Park, Florida. This remedy addresses
the contaminated principal threat of ground water at the Site.
This remedy addresses the principal threat
remaining at the Site, by using existing institutional controls,
and monitoring ground water contaminated with arsenic, cyanide,
sodium and fluoride. |
NTIS/TIB/A97-01815
35p |
1994.
(Abatement
of ammonia, hydrogen fluoride, and hydrogen chloride emissions
in Baden-Wuerttemberg. Conceptual study. Part project on ammonia).
Authors:
Muench J
Axenfeld F
Gieseler G
Johnssen D
Meinl H
Dornier GmbH, Friedrichshafen (DE). Abt. Umwelt- und Regionalplanung. |
Ammonia,
beside nitrogen oxides, plays a major role in the pervasive
high nitrogen depositions which are increasingly altering our
near-natural landscapes. The aims of the present project were
to establish the current international state of knowledge on
the causes of these emissions; to study and valuate the current
emission and deposition situation in Baden Wuerttemberg; and
to draw up a rough concept for planning emission abatement measures
in Baden-Wuerttemberg. The first-named task was accomplished
by a comprehensive inquiry which provided the necessary basis
for determining emissions in Baden-Wuerttemberg. Annual emissions
through agriculture as one of the principal sources of ammonia
were calculated on the basis of district statistics on animal
husbandry for 1991 and internationally used emission factors
adapted to conditions in Baden-Wuerttemberg. Use of mineral
fetiliser as a further major emission source was tentatively
calculated on the basis of demand in accordance with methods
given [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB93-182566
263p
Available
online |
1993.
Toxicological
Profile for Fluorides, Hydrogen Fluoride, and Fluorine.
Authors:
Canady R
Richter-Torres P
Haber L
Leonard R
Clement
International Corp., Fairfax, VA.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Sponsored
by Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry |
The
Statement was prepared to give you information about fluorine,
hydrogen fluoride, and fluorides, and to emphasize the human
health effects that may result from exposure to them. The
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified 1,334 sites
on its National Priorities List (NPL) sites. Fluoride-containing
compounds have been found at 130 of these sites. Fluorine has
been found at 28 of these sites, and hydrogen fluoride or hydrofluoric
acid have been found at 19 of the sites. As EPA evaluates more
sites, the number of sites at which fluorine, hydrogen fluoride,
and fluroides are found may change. The information in this
profile is important for you because fluorine, hydrogen fluoride,
and fluorides may cause harmful health effects and because these
sites are potential or actual sources of human exposure to fluorine,
hydrogen fluoride, or fluorides. Final rept. Prepared in cooperation
with Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. |
NTIS/PB94-124724
189p |
1993.
Health
Effects of Ingested Fluoride.
National
Research Council,
Washington, DC. Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology.
Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. |
In response
to concerns about fluoridation of drinking water, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) responded by asking the National Research
Council's Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology (BEST)
to review the current toxicological and exposure data on fluoride
and determine whether EPA's current MCL of 4 mg is acceptable
for protecting the public from potential adverse health effects
of fluoride. EPA also asked BEST to identify gaps in the fluoride
toxicity data and to make recommendations for future research.
(Copyright (c) 1993 by the National Academy of Sciences.) Final
rept. Library of Congress catalog card no. 93-85306. |
NTIS/PB94-121308
346p |
1993.
Study:
Report to Congress, Section 112(n)(6) Clean Air Act as Amended.
Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Chemical Emergency Preparedness
and Prevention Office. |
Under
section 112(n)(6) of the Clean Air Act of 1990, as amended,
Congress required EPA to carry out a study of hydrofluoric acid
(also called hydrogen fluoride (HF)), to identify potential
hazards to public health and the environment considering a range
of events including worst-case accidental releases, and to make
recommendations for reducing the hazards, if appropriate. The
report, developed in response to the Congressional mandate,
identifies and evaluates the hazards to the public posed by
the production and use of HF. It is not intended to quantify
risk to the public from HF. Final rept. |
NTIS/PB93-173722
11p |
1993.
Effect
of the Distribution System on Drinking-Water Quality.
Authors:
Clark RM
Goodrich JA
Wymer LJ
Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering
Lab. |
The
Safe Drinking Water Act and its Amendments has focused interest
on the factors that cause the deterioration of water between
the treatment plant and the consumer. The distribution system
itself can contribute to this deterioration. Numerous examples
of waterborne disease outbreaks have demonstrated the importance
of the distribution system in preventing disease. Water-quality
propagation models can be used to study the factors that contribute
to water quality deterioration. These models have been used
in many locations to study contaminant propagation. The paper
describes the application of contaminant propagation models
in the South Central Connecticut Regional Water Authority
(USA). The fluoride feed was cut off
at the water treatment plant to calibrate the model and determine
residence times in the system. An extensive simulation of
the system was conducted to predict conservative contaminant
propagation and chlorine decay. After completing the simulation
study a sampling program was cond [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB94-964036
Paper
copy available on Standing Order, deposit account required
($100 U.S., Canada, and Mexico; all others $200).
Single
copies also available in paper copy or microfiche.
152p |
1993.
Superfund
Record of Decision (EPA Region 4): National
Southwire Aluminum, Hancock County, Hawesville, KY.,
February 1993.
Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. |
This decision
document presents the selected Interim Remedial Action for the
National Southwire Aluminum Company (NSA) Site, approximately
four miles northwest of Hawesville, Hancock County, Kentucky.
This Interim Remedial Action employs the use of extraction wells
combined with a pump and treat system in order to prevent further
ground water plume migration, to reduce contaminants in the
Ohio River Valley alluvial aquifer at the Site, and to reduce
the threat of additional contamination of the Ohio River. This
action will also initiate ground water restoration while the
Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study (RI) and post RI/FS
activities are being completed. Onsite
contamination identified in the unconsolidated alluvial aquifer
consists of cyanide, metals, and
fluoride in two onsite ground water plumes. Leachate
identified in the onsite landfills contains the above contaminants
as well as volatile and semi-volatile organics, and polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs)./STANDARDS |
NTIS/PB94-141470
8p |
1993.
Chronic
AIF3 Administration: 2. Selected Historical Observations.
Authors:
Varner JA
Huie C
Horvath W
Jensen KF
Isaacson RL
Health
Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Health Research.
Binghamton Univ., NY. Dept. of Chemistry. |
Male Long-Evans
rats were divided into four groups based on the concentrations
of the AlF3 in the drinking water: 0.5 ppm, 5.0 ppm, 50 ppm,
or a control solution of double-distilled, de-ionized water.
Water was available ad libitum for 45 weeks. Following the behavioral
studies, histological, immunohistochemical, and overall brain
aluminum (Al) evaluations were made on portions of the brains
from these animals. This report presents descriptions of the
responses of the brains to the toxin exposure in regard to cell
loss and other changes in the neocortex and hippocampus. The
brain sections were immunohistochemically studied using antibodies
both to neurofilament and phosphorylated neurofilament proteins.
The three AlF3 groups did not differ from each other in overall
brain Al content, but all treated groups had about twice the
Al levels as did the control group. There were significant reductions
in the number of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 areas
of the AlF3 treated groups. In addition [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB94-140134
111p
Available
online |
1993.
RED
Facts: Sulfuryl Fluoride.
Environmental
Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Special Review and Reregistration
Div. |
This decision
document presents the Agency's decision regarding the reregistration
eligibility of the registered uses of sulfuryl fluoride. The
document consists of six sections. Section I is the introduction.
Section II describes sulfuryl fluoride, its uses, data requirements
and regulatory history. Section III discusses the human health
and environmental assessment based on the data available to
the Agency. Section IV presents the reregistration decision
for sulfuryl fluoride. Section V discusses the reregistration
requirements for sulfuryl fluoride. Finally, Section VI is the
Appendices which support this Reregistration Eligibility Document.
Fact sheet. See also PB86-173937 and PB94-140027. |
NTIS/PB94-142809
152 pp |
1993.
Final report
on the developmental toxicity of sodium fluoride (CAS no.
7681-49-4) in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits--laboratory
supplement.
Author
Address: Research Triangle Institute,
Research Triangle Park, NC. |
Sodium Fluoride/*TOXICITY
Sodium Fluoride/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
*Teratogens
Water Supply |
NTIS/PB94-142684
77p |
1993.
Final
Report on
the Dimensional Toxicity of Sodium Fluoride (CAS No. 7681-49-4)
in New Zealand White (NZW) Rabbits from Gestation Day 6 through
Gestation Day 19 in Drinking Water.
Authors:
Bates HK
Price CJ
Marr MC
Myers LE
Research
Triangle Inst., Research
Triangle Park, NC. Center for Life Sciences and Toxicology. |
This study
was conducted to assess the potential for orally administered
sodium fluoride (NaF) to cause developmental toxicity in rabbits.
The most common human exposure to NaF occurs as a result of
fluoridation of municipal drinking water supplies. The lack
of pertinent developmental toxicity data in the published literature
prompted the initiation of this study. NaF (CAS No. 7681-49-4)
was administered ad libitum in drinking water to mated NZW rabbits
(26/group) on gestation days (GD) 6 through 19 at levels of
0, 100, 200, or 400 ppm (0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mg/ml). Drinking water
(vehicle) contained less than 0.6 ppm of sodium fluoride (the
detectable limit). Animals were observed daily for clinical
signs of toxicity. Food, water, and body weights were recorded
for the animals in each group on GD 0 and every two days thereafter
through GD 30. There was evidence of minimal maternal toxicity
but no definitive evidence of developmental toxicity with levels
of sodium fluoride in drinking water as high a [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB94-861069
92 citations
minimum |
1993.
Fluoride in Drinking Water. (Latest citations from the Selected
Water Resources Abstracts Database).
NERAC,
Inc.,
Tolland, CT.
Prepared
in cooperation with Office of Water
Research and Technology, Washington, DC. Sponsored
in part by National Technical Information Service, Springfield,
VA. |
The bibliography
contains citations concerning the fluoridation of drinking water
and the natural occurrence of fluorides in water supplies. Articles
discuss fluoride pollution of surface and ground water, methods
of analysis for fluorides, techniques to remove fluorides from
water, and fluoride toxicity. Citations also discuss fluoridation
in terms of benefits and consequences for water systems. (Contains
a minimum of 92 citations and includes a subject term index
and title list.) Published Search. |
NTIS/PB93-234797
7p |
1993.
Chemical
Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Advisory: Hydrogen Fluoride,
Series 8, No. 3.
Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response. |
he advisory
recommends ways Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs)
and chemical facilities can reduce risks posed by the presence
of hydrogen fluoride (HF) in their communities. Hydrogen fluoride,
a strong inorganic acid, is produced and used as a gas or liquid
without water (i.e., in anhydrous form), or in a water (aqueous)
solution. Inhalation of hydrogen fluoride vapor, either in anhydrous
form or from water solutions, can cause irritation if the exposure
is mild (i.e., low concentration in air for a short time), or
severe damage to the respiratory system or death in the case
of exposure to high concentrations. Contact with the liquid
or vapor can severely burn the skin, eyes, and other tissue.
The largest use of hydrogen fluoride is in the manufacture of
fluorine-containing chemicals, particularly chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs). Hydrogen fluoride may be used in some petroleum refinery
operations, aluminum production, nuclear applications, glass
etching and polishing, and metal treating and [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB93-887131
184 citations
minimum |
1993.
Fluoride
Toxicity. (Latest citations from the Life Sciences Collection
Database).
NERAC,
Inc.,
Tolland, CT. |
The bibliography
contains citations concerning the physiological effects of fluoride
ingestion in humans and animals. The benefits and adverse effects
of fluoride and its application to tooth and bone development
are noted. Toxicity studies, and the pathology of fluoride toxicity
are also considered. Industrial fluoride pollution and enflurane
anesthetics are discussed. (Contains a minimum of 184 citations
and includes a subject term index and title list.) Published
Search. Updated with each order. Supersedes PB84-870427. Prepared
in cooperation with Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Washington,
DC. Sponsored in part by National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, VA. |
NTIS/PB93-109866
137p |
1993.
Review
of Fluoride Benefits and Risks.
Department
of Health and Human Services,
Washington, DC. |
The report
is a comprehensive review and evaluation of the public health
benefits and risks of fluoride in drinking water and other sources.
It was prompted by a study of the National Toxicology Program
which found 'equivocal evidence' of carcinogenicity based on
the occurrence of a small number of malignant bone tumors (osteosarcomas)
in male rats. Extensive studies over the past 50 years have
established that individuals whose drinking water is fluoridated
have fewer dental caries. Although the comparative degree of
measurable benefit has been reduced recently as other fluoride
sources have become available, the benefits of water fluoridation
are still clearly evident. This report recommends the continued
use of fluoride to prevent dental caries and the continued support
for optimal fluoridation of drinking water. It also recommends
scientific conferences to determine an optimal level of fluoride
exposure from all sources combined, not only from drinking water.
In accordance with prudent healt [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/DE93041273
98p |
1993.
Development
and demonstration of a personal monitoring system for exposure
to hydrogen fluoride. Final report.
Authors:
Young MS
Monat JP
Abcor,
Inc.,
Wilmington, MA. Walden Div. |
A good,
functional Hydrogen Fluoride Gasbadge dosimeter has been developed
for sampling of airborne HF vapor. The device is small (7.7
cm (times) 5.4 cm (times) 1.9 cm) and can easily and conveniently
be worn on one's lapel. It consists of polyethylene and polypropylene
parts and a triethanolamine-impregnated polyproylene collection
element. It is completely self contained, requiring no pumps,
impingers, or sampling tubes. Subsequent to sampling, the collection
element is analyzed quickly and easily with a fluoride selective-ion
electrode. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine precision,
linearity, interference effects, influences of temperature and
humidity, and collection element stability over time. Results
of the tests indicate that the Abcor Gasbadge HF dosimeter is
an excellent passive HF monitor for work spaces, and that results
obtained with it are accurate within (plus minus)25%. These
results have been corroborated in a field study. Progress rept.
Sponsored by Department of En [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/AD-A290
425/8
Availability:
Pub. in Chem.-Biol. Interactions, v87 p55-68, 1993.
15p |
1993.
Characterization
of Organophosphorus Hydrolases and the Genetic Manipulation
of the Phosphotriesterase from Pseudomonas Diminuta.
Authors:
Dave KI
Miller CE
Wild JR
Texas
A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Biochemistry and
Biophysics. |
There are
a variety of enzymes which are specifically capable of hydrolyzing
organophosphorus esters with different phosphoryl
bonds from the typical phosphotriester bonds of common insecticidal
neurotoxins (e.g. paraoxon or coumaphos) to the phosphonate-fluoride
bonds of chemical warfare agents (e.g. soman or sarin).
These enzymes comprise a diverse set of enzymes whose basic
architecture and substrate specificities vary dramatically,
yet they appear to be ubiquitous throughout nature. The most
thoroughly studied of these enzymes is the organophosphate hydrolase
(opd gene product) of Pseudomonas diminuta and Ftavobacterium
sp. ATCC 27551, and the heterologous expression, post-translational
modification, and genetic engineering studies undertaken with
this enzyme are described. |
NTIS/PB93-149847
282p |
1993.
Fluoride.
Volume 10. Wind Tunnel Modeling
of Fire Monitors for HF Vapor Cloud Mitigation, Volume
2. Appendix D. Concentration and Visualization Test
Results.
Authors:
Petersen RL
Ratcliff MA
Heskestad G
Parce DK
Schatz KW
Industry
Cooperative Hydrogen Fluoride Mitigationssessment Program.
Water Spray Subcommittee.
Cermak Peterka Petersen, Inc., Fort Collins, CO.
Mobil Research and Development Corp., Princeton, NJ.
Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA. |
The hazards
of hydrogen fluoride (HF) have long been recognized. Standard
operating practices have been aimed at on minimizing the possibility
of a release and mitigating the effects if a release should
occur. These practices are continually monitored and improved
to maximize safety protection based on the available technical
data. The recent program targeted further improvements based
on new technical data. The volume contains concentration profiles
and visualization test results to be used side by side with
Volume IX of the report. Final rept. See
also PB93-149813 and PB93-149839. Prepared in cooperation with
Cermak Peterka Petersen, Inc., Fort Collins, CO., Mobil Research
and Development Corp., Princeton, NJ., and Lawrence Livermore
National Lab., CA. |
NTIS/TIB/A94-05085
107p |
1993.
(Reference
measuring methods for determination of pollutant emissions
from waste incinerator plants. Pt. 3
Authors:
Brandl A
Ullrich N
Waeber M
Umweltbundesamt,
Berlin (Germany, F.R.). |
For determination
of HCl, HF and SO2 from waste
incinerator plants according to 17.BImSchV the
existing reference methods should be tested and the statistical
characteristics evaluated. First the existing measuring methods
were optimized especially in view to the used absorption solution
in lab experiments. At the ion chromatograph (IC) the use of
a solution of 0.3% H2O2 makes it possible to determine all compounds
out of one sample. Afterwards reference methods were successful
used at waste incinerator plants with different cleaning techniques.
In addition to the mercury thiocyanate method (HCl > 2 mg/m3)
and H2O2-thorin method (SO2 > 1 mg/m3) especially with very
low pollutant concentrations the ion chromatograph has been
established. Nevertheless the HF determination
by the potentiometric method with a fluorine ion sensitive electrode
is superior to the IC, especially in a low concentration range.
The acidimetric determination of total acid with deluted
soda lye was tested successfully, [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/N94-11555/7
7p
(Order
as N94-11527/6, PC A13/MF A03) |
1993.
Combustion
Products Analyzer for Contingency Use during Thermodegradation
Events on Spacecraft.
Authors:
Wilson S
Limero TF
Beck SW
James JT
National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX. Lyndon
B. Johnson Space Center. |
The Toxicology
Laboratory at JSC and Exidyne Instrumentation Technologies (EIT)
have developed a prototype Combustion Products Analyzer (CPA)
to monitor, in real time, combustion products from a thermodegradation
event on board spacecraft. The CPA monitors
the four gases that are the most hazardous compounds (based
on the toxicity potential and quantity produced) likely to be
released during thermodegradation of synthetic materials: hydrogen
fluoride (HF), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen cyanide
(HCN), and carbon monoxide (CO). The levels of these compounds
serve as markers to assist toxicologists in determining when
the cabin atmosphere is safe for the crew to breathe following
the contingency event. The CPA is a hand-held, battery-operated
instrument containing four electrochemical sensors, one for
each target gas, and a pump for drawing air across the sensors.
The sensors are unique in their small size and zero-g compatibility.
The immobilized electrolytes in each sensor permit the instrum
[abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB93-223097
77p |
1993.
Public Health Assessment for Stauffer Chemical Companyarpon
Springs, Florida, Region 4.
CERCLIS
No. FLD010596013.
Florida
State Dept. of Health and Rehabilitative Services, Tallahassee.
Sponsored
by Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry, Atlanta, GA. |
he Stauffer
Chemical Co. (Tarpon Springs Plant) site is located northwest
of the city of Tarpon Springs, Pinellas County, Florida. Soil,
sediment, groundwater and surface water are contaminated. When
the plant was in operation there was community concern about
noxious fumes coming from the site. The community is currently
concerned about airborne dust transporting contaminants from
the site. Contaminants of concern at the
site are antimony, arsenic, beryllium, boron, cadmium,
chromium, fluoride, lead, thallium,
vanadium, radon, radium and sulfur dioxide. Preliminary rept.
|
NTIS/PB93-214245
21p |
1993.
Health
Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 91-326-2278, Xomox
Corporation, Blue Ash, Ohio.
Authors:
Echt A
Bresler FT
Hughes RT
Hayden CS
National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. |
In response
to an employer request, an investigation was begun concerning
polymer fume fever in the Plastics Department at Xomox Corporation
(SIC-3491), Blue Ash, Ohio. Xomox manufactured industrial valves
in a variety of sizes and applications. Forty employees work
in the Plastics Department over three shifts.
Breathing zone and area air samples were analyzed for particulate
fluorides and hydrogen-fluoride. In five of ten employees
interviewed, classical symptoms of polymer fume fever occurred.
In another five employees, partial polymer fume fever and/or
isolated polymer fume fever symptoms occurred. These symptoms
included shaking chills, myalgias, shortness of breath, chest
tightness, and malaise with or without a measured increase in
body temperature. The ventilation system
was not effective in controlling emissions from the valve lining
process. The authors conclude that a health hazard existed due
to exposure to the decomposition products of fluorocarbon polymers.
The authors conclude that [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/DE94783320
214p |
1993.
Effects
of ambient air pollution on health and the environment - air
quality guidelines.
Author:
Aunan K
Statens
Forurensningstilsyn, Oslo (Norway). |
Human
and environmental dose and effect relations are described for
the following pollutants:
Nitrogen oxides (NO(sub 2)), ozon (O(sub 3)), sulfur dioxide
(SO(sub 2)), suspended particulate matter, acid aerosols, carbon
monoxide (CO), fluorides, Lead
(Pb) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Revised air
quality guidelines are presented for NO(sub 2), O(sub 3), SO(sub
2), suspended particulate matter, CO and fluorides, based on
the demonstrated health effects in humans. Revised
guidelines are also presented for NO(sub 2), O(sub 3),
SO(sub 2) and fluorides, based on studies
of the adverse effects on vegetation. A guideline is
also proposed for fluorine, based on observed effects in animals.
349 refs., 7 figs, 65 tabs. (ERA citation 19:024782)/CHEMISTRY |
NTIS/AD-A268
777/0
45p |
1993.
Evaluation
of Stabilizationolidification of a K088 Spent Potliner Waste.
Authors:
Channell MG
Kosson TT
Army
Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS. Environmental
Lab. |
This report
presents the results of testing performed on a stabilized/solidified
(S) spent potliner waste. The
waste is an ash from the incineration of wastes produced from
the primary reduction of aluminum from the smelting industry.
The contaminants found in the waste area metals, cyanides, and
fluorides. Four S/S, processes
were evaluated in this study. They include the following: (a)
a cement process, (b) a kiln dust process, (c) a lime/fly ash
process, and (d) a proprietary binder furnished by the Risk
Reduction Engineering Laboratory. Physical and leaching characteristics
of the S/S waste were evaluated. Physical characteristics were
evaluated using the unconfined compressive strength test. The
waste-leaching characteristics were evaluated using the toxicity
characteristic leaching procedure. Physical test results showed
that S/S waste did not produce any 28-day strengths.
Results of the chemical tests showed that cyanides and fluorides
were reduced in the extract of the leaching tests. Co
[abstract truncated] |
NTIS/ASTM-D
4765-93
4p |
1993.
Fluorides
in Workplace Atmospheres. (ASTM Standard).
American
Society for Testing and Materials,
West Conshohocken, PA. |
This document
is available from NTIS under license from ASTM. This test method
is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee on Sampling and
Analysis of Atmospheres and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace Atmospheres. Current edition
approved Oct. 15, 1993. Published December 1993. Originally
published as D4765-88. Last previous edition D4765-88. |
|