Fluoride
Reports from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
1993-1995
 
 

Return to Reports Page

Due to the number of reports, the following
are the categories we present them.
(Note: these reports were cited on Toxline at Toxnet in April 2005)
Fluoride (all reports except Canada)
Fluoride: CANADA
Fluoride in the
Nuclear Industry
Note: many of the
Canadian communities
cited in these reports
border the US.
-
-
Note: this is a selected
list of reports.

NTIS Reports can be ordered by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.

Order Number

Source Number

Date Published / Title / Author & Affiliation / Sponsor Agency Abstract /Keywords

NTIS/OTS0572165

EPA/OTS; Doc #88-950000195

1995. INITIAL SUBMISSION: LETTER FROM ALUMINUM CO AMER TO USEPA REGARDING: PITUITARY ADENOMAS DIAGNOSIS IN 4-WORKERS IN WARRICK OPERATIONS SMELTER IN NEWBURGH, INDIANA DATED 04/05/95
ALUMINUM CO OF AMER
COAL TAR PITCH VOLATILES, FLUORIDES, ALUMINA DUSTS, SULFUR
HEALTH EFFECTS
CASE REPORT
MAMMALS
HUMANS

NTIS/OTS0572561

EPA/OTS; Doc #86950000255

1995. COMPARISON OF THE TOXICITY OF SODIUM TRIFLUOROACETATE, SODIUM DIFLUOROACETATE, SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE AND SODIUM FLUORIDE TO THE ALGA WITH COVER LETTER DATED 05/12/95

Corporate Name: SOLVAY DUPHAR

AFEAS
SODIUM TRIFLUOROACETATE (CAS# 2923-18-4)
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
ACUTE TOXICITY
ALGAE

NTIS/OTS0572560

EPA/OTS; Doc #86950000254

1995. COMPARISON OF THE TOXICITY OF SODIUM TRIFLUOROACETATE, DIFLUOROACETIC ACID, SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE & SODIUM FLUORIDE TO THE ALGA WITH COVER LETTER DATED 05/12/95 AFEAS
SODIUM TRIFLUOROACETATE (CAS# 2923-18-4)
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
ACUTE TOXICITY
ALGAE

NTIS/PB95-963120

Paper copy available on Standing Order, deposit account required ($100 U.S., Canada, and Mexico; all others $200)

Single copies also available in paper copy or microfiche.

21p

1995. Superfund Explanation of Significant Difference for the Record of Decision (EPA Region 10): Martin Marietta Superfund Site, The Dalles, OR., September 23, 1994.

Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.

The ROD identified consolidation of cathode wastes from the facility into a landfill and on-Site treatment for cyanide and fluoride of the leachate generated from the landfill. However, since the signing of the ROD, the leachate flow rate has not decreased significantly, potentially due to leakage of perched water into the landfill through bedrock fractures beneath the landfill. The significant circumstances that warrant the need for this ESD are largely a result of several changes that occurred during the construction phase of the remedial action. See also PB89-188759.

NTIS/PB95-263364

116p

1995. Public Health Assessment for Tri-County Landfill Waste Management of Illinois, South Elgin, Kane County, Illinois, Region 5

CERCLIS No. ILD048306183.

Illinois State Dept. of Public Health, Springfield.

Sponsored by Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA.

The Tri-County and Elgin Landfills pose a public health hazard because the concentrations of lead in downgradient private wells are high enough to be a long-term health concern. Completed exposure pathways include the exposure to contaminated water from on- and off-site private wells (inhalation, ingestion, dermal contact; past, present, future). Contaminants of concern in on-site groundwater include bis(2-chloroethyl)ether, vinyl chloride, antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, fluoride, lead, manganese, nickel, nitrate + nitrite, and thallium. Chemicals of concern in on-site surface soil and sediments include PCBs, arsenic, cadmium, and nickel. Contaminants of concern in on-site subsurface soil include PCBs, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and nickel. This public health assessment recommends health professionals education and community health education be conducted for the community impacted by the landfills. Final rept.

NTIS/PB96-109046

101p

1995. Fort Hall Air Emissions Study, Fort Hall Indian Reservation, Fort Hall, Idaho.

Authors:
Metcalf SW
Sonnenfeld NL
Rolka DL
Kaye WE

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA.

The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) conducted a cross-sectional health study at the Fort Hall Indian Reservation in Idaho to investigate concerns about the health effects on reservation residents that might be attributed to two phosphate-processing plants located near the reservation's southern border. In addition to increased particulates, air emissions from these plants included phosphorus pentoxide, cadmium, chromium, fluoride, uranium, and its daughter radionuclides. A total of 515 participants -- 229 from Fort Hall and 286 from a comparison group at the Duck Valley Indian Reservation -- were interviewed in person by trained American Indian interviewers. Approximately 100 residents of each reservation performed pulmonary function tests and provided urine specimens that were analyzed for cadmium, chromium, fluoride, and several renal biomarkers.

NTIS/DE96620534

U.S. Sales Only.

44p

1995. Toxicity levels to humans during acute exposure to hydrogen fluoride - An update.

Author: Halton DM

Atomic Energy Control Board, Ottawa (Ontario).

In March 1993, the Atomic Energy Control Board (AECB) commissioned and update of a 1984 review on the acute toxicity of hydrogen fluoride (HF). The study places particular emphasis on the effects of inhalation of gaseous HF and is divided into two main parts: a literature review and a lethal concentration (LC) estimation. The literature review summarizes data under four categories: animal studies, controlled human studies, community exposure, and industrial exposure. Data in these areas were critically reviewed for their relevance to lethal concentrations at LC(sub LO), LC(sub 10) and LC(sub 50) levels that were derived in the 1984 report. In the last ten years, only one relevant animal study has been published. No new controlled human studies were found but a community exposure incident was reported. There were three new industrial/accidental exposures reported since 1984. Evaluation of new data does not change the lethal concentration estimates made in the 1984 report, but does indicate the ab [abstract truncated]

NTIS/PB95-191342

255p

1995. Analysis of Acid Precipitation Samples Collected by State Agencies Sampling Period: January-December 1992.

Author: Shepard LS

Global Geochemistry Corp., Canoga Park, CA.

Supporting Agency: Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.

The report presents analytical data from the 30 acid precipitation collection sites in the State-Operated Network. Samples are collected weekly in plastic bag bucket liners and shipped in 500 mL polyethylene bottles to Global Geochemistry Corporation, the central laboratory for the network. The report contains maps showing the location of each site, plots of analytical data, tables of all field and analytical data, plots comparing field and laboratory pH and conductivity, and information on data quality. Samples are analyzed for pH, strong acid, conductivity, fluoride, chloride, nitrite, phosphate, bromide, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Annual project rept. See also PB93-144152. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.

NTIS/TIB/A96-00848

152p

1995. (Reduction in emissions of pollutants from plasma processes. Technical implantation in plasma etching processes. Final report).

Authors:
Meyer A
Herrmann H

UMEX Gesellschaft fuer Umweltberatung und Entsorgung mbH, Erfurt (DE).

The necessity to develop processes and plants designed to achieve a reduction in emissions from plasma processes involving etching gases containing fluorine was the starting point for the present work. With this aim in view, two process variants have been devised from the idea to the operating laboratory reactor. Both variants are based on the reaction of gases containing fluorine with solid iron in the vacuum section, that is, before the gas enters the vacuum pump. The activation energy required for the reaction is supplied on the one hand by plasma-chemical excitation and on the other hand by tribochemical or thermal excitation. Prototype laboratory reactors have been built and incorporated into a complete test stand including a system to supply model gases and real waste gases, a waste gas reactor and a sampling system or mass spectrometer. The efficiency of the reactors could be demonstrated by using model gases such as CCl(4), HF, CHF(3), CF(4) and C(2)F(6) and real waste gas mixtures which
Keywords:
Technologies
Plasma etching
Fluorides
Air purification
Foreign technology

NTIS/ASTM-D-3868-95

2p

1995. (Fluoride Ions in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines. (ASTM Standard).

American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA.

Copyright American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA, 19428, USA. This document is available from NTIS under license from ASTM. This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents in Water. Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1995. Published November 1995. Originally published as D3868-79. Last previous edition D3868-94.

NTIS/PB95-181764

66p

1995. Public Health Assessment for Agrico Chemical Site, Pensacola, Escambia County, Florida, Region 4.

CERCLIS No. FLD980221857.

Florida State Dept. of Health and Rehabilitative Services, Tallahassee.

Supporting Agency: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA.

The Agrico Chemical Co. Superfund site (Agrico) is a former sulfuric acid and phosphate fertilizer production facility in Pensacola, Escambia County, Florida. The authors focused their public assessment on the following chemicals: arsenic, chromium, fluoride, lead, manganese, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), sulfate and vanadium. Workers and treapassers on the site may have accidentally eaten contaminated soil or waste sludge, or gotten this material or contaminated water on their skin. Arsenic in surface soil on the site may also increase the risk of skin, bladder, liver, kidney and lung cancer. Arsenic in surface soil at the onsite baseball field, and lead and PAHs in surface soil on and off of the site would result in no apparent increase in the risk of cancer. Analysis of off-site surface soil samples has been limited to PAHs, fluoride and three analyses for lead. Based on the information the authors have, this site is a public health hazard. Final rept.

NTIS/PB95-131884

42p

1994. (Monitoring Activities in the Framework of the Dutch National Air Quality Monitoring Network in 1994).

Authors:
Swaan P
Buijsman E

Rijksinstituut voor de Volksgezondheid en Milieuhygiene, Bilthoven (Netherlands).

The report presents an overview of monitoring activities in the framework of the Dutch National Air Quality Monitoring Network. The network is one of the responsibilities of the Laboratory for Air Research of the National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection. Surveys of the monitoring stations per component are provided, together with maps of their locations. Overviews are presented for: gaseous components (CO, NO(x), O3, SO2, NH3, Volatile Organic Components (VOC)); aerosols etc. (metals, acidifying components, particulate matter); chemical composition of precipitation (a.o. acidifying components, metals); other monitoring activities (wind speed, wind direction, measurements for ECE, fluoride accumulation). Text in Dutch; summary in English.

NTIS/AD-A286 095/5

33p

1994. Launch Safety, Toxicity, and Environmental Effects of the High Performance Oxidizer ClF(5).

Author: Syage JA

Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, CA. Technology Operations.

An assessment is presented for the human toxicity, environmental, and ecological consequences resulting from accidental releases of ClF5 liquid propellant. Various accident scenarios are considered involving instantaneous releases of 2000 kg of propellant. Plume dispersion profiles were calculated using the AFTOX code for typical climate conditions at Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB). For a ground-based cold spill or combustion, the area exceeding long-term human exposure levels is less than 1 km square, and the exposure time is well under an hour (typically several minutes). The area exceeding short-term exposure levels is probably less than 0.1 km square. The toxic hazard is is likely to be less important than the combustion and fire hazard to on-site personnel. Plant life damage would be limited to temporary leaf burns and some defoliation within 300 meters of the spill site. Sea life would be unaffected in the vicinity of VAFB. Further study should consider the complex interplay of aerosol [abstract truncated]
Keywords:
Humans
Liquid propellants
Toxicity
Fluorides
Launch vehicles
Safety
Chlorine pentafluoride

NTIS/PB95-110193

100 pp

1994. Final report on the developmental toxicity of sodium fluoride (CAS no. 7681-49-4) in Sprague-Dawley (CDÑ) rats.

Grant/Contract Funding: N01-ES-95255

This study was conducted to assess the potential for orally administered sodium fluoride (NaF) to cause developmental toxicity. The most common human exposure to NaF occurs as a result of fluoridation (1 ppm F) of municipal drinking water supplies. The lack of pertinent developmental toxicity data in the published literature prompted the initiation of this study. NaF (CAS No. 7681-49-4) was administered ad libitum in drinking water to mated CDÑ rats (26/group) on gestation days (GD) 6 through 15 at levels of 0, 50, 150, or 300 ppm. Control water contained less than 0.6 ppm NaF (method detection limit) and food contained an average of 12.4 ppm F (11.6-13.4 ppm F). The calculated doses from drinking water were 7, 18 and 27 mg NaF/kg/day (i.e., 3, 8 and 12 mg F/kg/day) for the low-through high-dose groups, respectively. Intake from food added approximately 2 mg NaF/kg/day (i.e., 1 mg F/kg/day) to the intake for each group. Animals were observed daily for clinical signs of toxicity. Food, water, and body weights were recorded for the animals in each group on GD 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20. All animals in the developmental toxicity study were killed on GD 20 and examined for maternal body and organ weights, implant status, fetal weight, sex, and morphological development. An additional 10 mated animals per group were subjected to the same experimental regimen but sacrificed on GD 16 for blood collection; serum samples were submitted to the sponsor for determination of serum fluoride concentration. No maternal lethality occurred in this study. No treatment-related clinical signs of toxicity or effects on maternal body weight were observed. However, maternal weight gain was significantly reduced at 300 ppm during the first two days of exposure (GD 6 to 8), and a trend toward decreased weight gain was noted for the treatment period as a whole (GD 6 to 16). Maternal food intake (g/kg/day) for NaF-exposed dams was generally comparable to controls, except for a significant decrease at 300 ppm from GD 8 to 10. In contrast, maternal water consumption (g/kg/day) during exposure was significantly decreased in the animals exposed to 300 ppm NaF. Post-exposure water consumption was normal in these animals indicating the probability of decreased palatability of the 300 ppm solution. Necropsy of the maternal animals revealed no effects on kidney or liver weights. NaF exposure did not significantly affect the frequency of post-implantation loss, mean fetal body weight per litter, or external, visceral, or skeletal malformations. Determination of serum fluoride levels in the 10 animals per group terminated on GD 16 revealed mean levels of 0.007 +/- 0.002, 0.035 +/- 0.040, 0.039 +/- 0.039, and 0.187 +/- 0.076 ppm F at the end of the exposure period (per data provided by the NTP). The poor palatability of the 300 ppm NaF solution in this study apparently reduced maternal water consumption. Maternal weight gain was significantly reduced from GD 6 to 8, but recovered thereafter. There was no definitive evidence of developmental toxicity at levels of sodium fluoride in drinking water as high as 300 ppm (resulting in an average exposure of 27 mg NaF/kg/day, or 12 mg F/kg/day). When rodent chow was considered as a source of F, the total intake for the high dose group was 13 mg F/kg/day. By comparison, the estimated human intake from a 1 ppm F drinking water source is approximately 0.027 mg F/kg/day, and the estimated range of intake from both food and drinking water sources for an adult human is 0.014-0.080 mg F/kg/day. Thus, the average daily intake of F from drinking water at the developmental NOAEL in this study was approximately 450 times the estimated adult human intake from a fluoridated drinking water source. Total daily intake in this study was approximately 165 times the upper estimate for human intake from food and fluids, including fluoridated water. This study established a NOAEL for maternal toxicity at 150 ppm (18 mg NaF/kg/day) and a NOAEL at 300 ppm for developmental toxicity (27 mg NaF/kg/day) administered in drinking water to pregnant CDÑ rats during organogenesis.

NTIS/PB95-109997,

151p

1994. Final Report on the Developmental Toxicity of Sodium Fluoride (CAS No. 7681-49-4) in Sprague-Dawley (CD (Trade Name)) Rats from Gestation Day 6 through 15 in Drinking Water. Laboratory Supplement.

Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC. Center for Life Sciences and Toxicology.


Toxicity
Sodium fluorides
Fetal development

NTIS/AV005543-SS00

This set includes 80 slides on reel to reel color format.

1994.Air Pollution and Plant Life.

National Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati, OH.

The program surveys air pollution injury to vegetation across the country by common atmospheric pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, fluorides, ozone, and pan. Script included.

NTIS/PB95-126843

20p

1994. Assessment of Dental Fluorosis in Relation to the Dosage of Dietary Fluoride Supplements Used.

Author: Leverett DH

Eastman Dental Center, Rochester, NY.

Supporting Agency: National Inst. of Dental Research, Bethesda, MD.

Several recent reports have shown an increase in dental fluorosis in children in fluoridated and especially, fluoride-deficient communities. Although several possible causes have been explored, use of dietary fluoride supplements is the variable most often significantly associated with this phenomenon. The objectives of the study were to (1) assess the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in early erupting permanent teeth in a test group (exposed to dietary fluoride supplements) and a control group (not exposed) of school-age children in fluoride-deficient communities; and (2) assess the relation of dietary fluoride supplementation taken according to the currently recommended ADA dosage schedule to the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in the study groups. The study population was made up of 572 in the test group and 564 in the control group. The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis (using the TSIF) in the test group was 54%, compared to 27% in the control group. In lower anterio [abstract truncated]

NTIS/PB94-142965

52p

1994. Public Health Assessment for Motor Wheel, Lansing Township, Ingham County, Michigan, Region 5

CERCLIS No. MID980702989.

Michigan Dept. of Public Health, Lansing.

Sponsored by Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA.

The Motor Wheel Disposal Area site was placed on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) National Priorities List (NPL) in June 1986. Groundwater at the site has been contaminated with several volatile organic chemicals and fluoride from the waste. Other adjacent industrial sites have contributed to the area's groundwater contamination. The site poses an indeterminate public health hazard. There are currently no known completed pathways of exposure associated with this site. Potential pathways include on-site exposure to contaminants in leachate, soil, fugitive dust and water and off-site exposure to contaminated groundwater in either of two aquifers. Final rept.

NTIS/PB95-216131

24p

1994. Contaminant Assessment of Fish, Rangia Clams, and Sediments in the Lower Pamlico River, North Carolina.

Fish and Wildlife Service, Raleigh, NC. Div. of Ecological Services.

Samples of sediment, rangia clams (Rangia cuneata), gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum), and longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus) were collected from five sites in the lower Pamlico River and analyzed for elemental contaminants, organochlorines, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Most sample concentrations were either beneath the detection limit or too low to be associated with biological impacts. However, sediment sample concentrations of cadmium and fluoride were observed at levels that could be associated with biological impacts at one of the sites which was located near the discharge from a large phosphate mining operation.

NTIS/PB94-178811

97p

1994. Public Health Assessment for National Southwire Aluminum Company, Hawesville, Hancock County, Kentucky, Region 4.

CERCLIS No. KYD049062375.

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA.

The National Southwire Aluminum Company site is an active primary aluminum reduction facility in Hancock County, Kentucky. On-site maintenance workers and any construction or remedial workers who are, or have been in the past, in close contact with surface soil and workers at the waste areas were probably exposed in the past and may be currently exposed to fluoride through incidental soil ingestion at levels that could cause adverse health effects. In addition, workers on site, and residents who live in the vicinity of the site were probably exposed and may be currently exposed to aluminum, arsenic, cobalt, cyanide, manganese, and nickel through skin contact or soil and water ingestion. Residents of the nearby towns of Hawesville, Tell City, Cannelton, Troy, Lewisport, and East Daviess, and possibly Evansville were exposed and may be currently exposed to low levels of fluoride, manganese, and arsenic through their municipal drinking water. In the absence of pertinent data and information, ATSDR [abstract truncated]

NTIS/PB94-207339

42p

1994. Health Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 90-0244-2414, Alumax of South Carolina, Inc., Goose Creek, South Carolina.

Authors:
Moss CE
Salisbury SA
Booher D

National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. Hazard Evaluations and Technical Assistance Branch.

A health hazard evaluation was conducted in response to a request from employees at Alumax of South Carolina (SIC-3334) Mt. Holly aluminum reduction facility, Goose Creek, South Carolina concerning exposure to welding fumes, airborne dust and other hazards associated with pot change out, cruse cleaning and pure bath activities. The facility was a two potline primary aluminum company which employed about 650 workers. The highest exposures to gaseous and particulate fluorides were limited mostly to workers involved in pot change out and sweeping operations. The authors conclude that overexposures to fluorides were possible during pot change out, replacing anodes and sweeping activities. Respirable crystalline silica (14808607) overexposures may occur during removal of the spent refractory liner. The authors recommend specific measures, including air monitoring for gaseous and particulate fluorides and total welding fumes, and monitoring electric and magnetic fields produced at various points in th [abstract truncated]

NTIS/DE97722477

47p

1994. (Effects of emissions from aluminium industry in the marine environment).

Authors:
Knutzen J
Naes K

Norsk Inst. for Vannforskning, Oslo.

This report gives a brief presentation of a literature study of what is known about the effects of PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) on the marine environment and somewhat more summarily about fluoride, acidification and cyanide. Results are also reported for the seven Norwegian fjords which are recipients for aluminium production plants. Norwegian and foreign observations are discussed in relation to critical loads and lack of knowledge. The PAH can accumulate in sediments and organisms and some are potentially carcinogenic. PAH bound to soot particles such as from aluminium production appear not to cause ecological damage beyond one or two km from the emission. However, by elevated PAH levels in sediments the emissions from the aluminium works have been traceable to 30-40 km and more. Lately, large reductions of emission have significantly improved the situation in many of the recipients. Increased content of fluoride and reduced pH is with one exception only a factor within the primary d [abstract truncated]

NTIS/DE94018532

378p

1994. Remedial Action Plan and Site Design for Stabilization of the Inactive Uranium Mill Tailings Site, Maybell, Colorado. Appendixes to Attachment 3: Appendix A, Hydrological services calculations: Appendix B, Ground water quality by location, Final report.

Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc., Albuquerque, NM.

This report contains chemical analysis data for ground water for the following: elements; cyanides; chlorides; dissolved organic carbon; fluorides; silica; sulfates; sulfides; dissolved solids; nitrates; and nitrites. (ERA citation 19:029430) Progress rept. Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.

NTIS/DE94017941

522p

1994. Study of toxic emissions from a coal-fired power plant utilizing an ESPet FGD system. Volume 1, Sampling, results, and special topics: Final report.

Battelle, Columbus, OH. Columbus Operations.

Supporting Agency: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.

This was one of a group of assessments of toxic emissions from coal-fired power plants, conducted for DOE-PETC in 1993 as mandated by the 1990 Clean Air Act. It is organized into 2 volumes; Volume 1 describes the sampling effort, presents the concentration data on toxic chemicals in several power plant streams, and reports the results of evaluations and calculations. The study involved solid, liquid, and gaseous samples from input, output, and process streams at Coal Creek Station Unit No. 1, Underwood, North Dakota (1100 MW mine-mouth plant burning lignite from the Falkirk mine located adjacent to the plant). This plant had an electrostatic precipitator and a wet scrubber flue gas desulfurization unit. Measurements were conducted on June 21--24, 26, and 27, 1993; chemicals measured were 6 major and 16 trace elements (including Hg, Cr, Cd, Pb, Se, As, Be, Ni), acids and corresponding anions (HCl, HF, chloride, fluoride, phosphate, sulfate), ammonia and cyanide, elemental C, radionuclides, VOCs, [abstract truncated]

NTIS/PB94-964052

Paper copy available on Standing Order, deposit account required ($100 U.S., Canada, and Mexico; all others $200).

Single copies also available in paper copy or microfiche.

59p

1994. Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4): BMI-Textron Site, Lake Park, FL., August 1994.

Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.

This decision document presents the selected remedial action for the Basic Microelectronic, Incorporated (BMI)-Textron Site (BMI-Textron Site or the Site), in Lake Park, Florida. This remedy addresses the contaminated principal threat of ground water at the Site. This remedy addresses the principal threat remaining at the Site, by using existing institutional controls, and monitoring ground water contaminated with arsenic, cyanide, sodium and fluoride.

NTIS/TIB/A97-01815

35p

1994. (Abatement of ammonia, hydrogen fluoride, and hydrogen chloride emissions in Baden-Wuerttemberg. Conceptual study. Part project on ammonia).

Authors:
Muench J
Axenfeld F
Gieseler G
Johnssen D
Meinl H

Dornier GmbH, Friedrichshafen (DE). Abt. Umwelt- und Regionalplanung.

Ammonia, beside nitrogen oxides, plays a major role in the pervasive high nitrogen depositions which are increasingly altering our near-natural landscapes. The aims of the present project were to establish the current international state of knowledge on the causes of these emissions; to study and valuate the current emission and deposition situation in Baden Wuerttemberg; and to draw up a rough concept for planning emission abatement measures in Baden-Wuerttemberg. The first-named task was accomplished by a comprehensive inquiry which provided the necessary basis for determining emissions in Baden-Wuerttemberg. Annual emissions through agriculture as one of the principal sources of ammonia were calculated on the basis of district statistics on animal husbandry for 1991 and internationally used emission factors adapted to conditions in Baden-Wuerttemberg. Use of mineral fetiliser as a further major emission source was tentatively calculated on the basis of demand in accordance with methods given [abstract truncated]

NTIS/PB93-182566

263p

Available online

1993. Toxicological Profile for Fluorides, Hydrogen Fluoride, and Fluorine.

Authors:
Canady R
Richter-Torres P
Haber L
Leonard R

Clement International Corp., Fairfax, VA.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.

Sponsored by Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

The Statement was prepared to give you information about fluorine, hydrogen fluoride, and fluorides, and to emphasize the human health effects that may result from exposure to them. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified 1,334 sites on its National Priorities List (NPL) sites. Fluoride-containing compounds have been found at 130 of these sites. Fluorine has been found at 28 of these sites, and hydrogen fluoride or hydrofluoric acid have been found at 19 of the sites. As EPA evaluates more sites, the number of sites at which fluorine, hydrogen fluoride, and fluroides are found may change. The information in this profile is important for you because fluorine, hydrogen fluoride, and fluorides may cause harmful health effects and because these sites are potential or actual sources of human exposure to fluorine, hydrogen fluoride, or fluorides. Final rept. Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.

NTIS/PB94-124724

189p

1993. Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride.

National Research Council, Washington, DC. Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology.

Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.

In response to concerns about fluoridation of drinking water, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) responded by asking the National Research Council's Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology (BEST) to review the current toxicological and exposure data on fluoride and determine whether EPA's current MCL of 4 mg is acceptable for protecting the public from potential adverse health effects of fluoride. EPA also asked BEST to identify gaps in the fluoride toxicity data and to make recommendations for future research. (Copyright (c) 1993 by the National Academy of Sciences.) Final rept. Library of Congress catalog card no. 93-85306.

NTIS/PB94-121308

346p

1993. Study: Report to Congress, Section 112(n)(6) Clean Air Act as Amended.

Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Office.

Under section 112(n)(6) of the Clean Air Act of 1990, as amended, Congress required EPA to carry out a study of hydrofluoric acid (also called hydrogen fluoride (HF)), to identify potential hazards to public health and the environment considering a range of events including worst-case accidental releases, and to make recommendations for reducing the hazards, if appropriate. The report, developed in response to the Congressional mandate, identifies and evaluates the hazards to the public posed by the production and use of HF. It is not intended to quantify risk to the public from HF. Final rept.

NTIS/PB93-173722

11p

1993. Effect of the Distribution System on Drinking-Water Quality.

Authors:
Clark RM
Goodrich JA
Wymer LJ

Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.

The Safe Drinking Water Act and its Amendments has focused interest on the factors that cause the deterioration of water between the treatment plant and the consumer. The distribution system itself can contribute to this deterioration. Numerous examples of waterborne disease outbreaks have demonstrated the importance of the distribution system in preventing disease. Water-quality propagation models can be used to study the factors that contribute to water quality deterioration. These models have been used in many locations to study contaminant propagation. The paper describes the application of contaminant propagation models in the South Central Connecticut Regional Water Authority (USA). The fluoride feed was cut off at the water treatment plant to calibrate the model and determine residence times in the system. An extensive simulation of the system was conducted to predict conservative contaminant propagation and chlorine decay. After completing the simulation study a sampling program was cond [abstract truncated]

NTIS/PB94-964036

Paper copy available on Standing Order, deposit account required ($100 U.S., Canada, and Mexico; all others $200).

Single copies also available in paper copy or microfiche.

152p

1993. Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4): National Southwire Aluminum, Hancock County, Hawesville, KY., February 1993.

Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.

This decision document presents the selected Interim Remedial Action for the National Southwire Aluminum Company (NSA) Site, approximately four miles northwest of Hawesville, Hancock County, Kentucky. This Interim Remedial Action employs the use of extraction wells combined with a pump and treat system in order to prevent further ground water plume migration, to reduce contaminants in the Ohio River Valley alluvial aquifer at the Site, and to reduce the threat of additional contamination of the Ohio River. This action will also initiate ground water restoration while the Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study (RI) and post RI/FS activities are being completed. Onsite contamination identified in the unconsolidated alluvial aquifer consists of cyanide, metals, and fluoride in two onsite ground water plumes. Leachate identified in the onsite landfills contains the above contaminants as well as volatile and semi-volatile organics, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)./STANDARDS

NTIS/PB94-141470

8p

1993. Chronic AIF3 Administration: 2. Selected Historical Observations.

Authors:
Varner JA
Huie C
Horvath W
Jensen KF
Isaacson RL

Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of Health Research.
Binghamton Univ., NY. Dept. of Chemistry.

Male Long-Evans rats were divided into four groups based on the concentrations of the AlF3 in the drinking water: 0.5 ppm, 5.0 ppm, 50 ppm, or a control solution of double-distilled, de-ionized water. Water was available ad libitum for 45 weeks. Following the behavioral studies, histological, immunohistochemical, and overall brain aluminum (Al) evaluations were made on portions of the brains from these animals. This report presents descriptions of the responses of the brains to the toxin exposure in regard to cell loss and other changes in the neocortex and hippocampus. The brain sections were immunohistochemically studied using antibodies both to neurofilament and phosphorylated neurofilament proteins. The three AlF3 groups did not differ from each other in overall brain Al content, but all treated groups had about twice the Al levels as did the control group. There were significant reductions in the number of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 areas of the AlF3 treated groups. In addition [abstract truncated]

NTIS/PB94-140134

111p

Available online

1993. RED Facts: Sulfuryl Fluoride.

Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Special Review and Reregistration Div.

This decision document presents the Agency's decision regarding the reregistration eligibility of the registered uses of sulfuryl fluoride. The document consists of six sections. Section I is the introduction. Section II describes sulfuryl fluoride, its uses, data requirements and regulatory history. Section III discusses the human health and environmental assessment based on the data available to the Agency. Section IV presents the reregistration decision for sulfuryl fluoride. Section V discusses the reregistration requirements for sulfuryl fluoride. Finally, Section VI is the Appendices which support this Reregistration Eligibility Document. Fact sheet. See also PB86-173937 and PB94-140027.

NTIS/PB94-142809

152 pp

1993. Final report on the developmental toxicity of sodium fluoride (CAS no. 7681-49-4) in New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits--laboratory supplement.

Author Address: Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC.


Sodium Fluoride/*TOXICITY
Sodium Fluoride/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
*Teratogens
Water Supply

NTIS/PB94-142684

77p

1993. Final Report on the Dimensional Toxicity of Sodium Fluoride (CAS No. 7681-49-4) in New Zealand White (NZW) Rabbits from Gestation Day 6 through Gestation Day 19 in Drinking Water.

Authors:
Bates HK
Price CJ
Marr MC
Myers LE

Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC. Center for Life Sciences and Toxicology.

This study was conducted to assess the potential for orally administered sodium fluoride (NaF) to cause developmental toxicity in rabbits. The most common human exposure to NaF occurs as a result of fluoridation of municipal drinking water supplies. The lack of pertinent developmental toxicity data in the published literature prompted the initiation of this study. NaF (CAS No. 7681-49-4) was administered ad libitum in drinking water to mated NZW rabbits (26/group) on gestation days (GD) 6 through 19 at levels of 0, 100, 200, or 400 ppm (0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mg/ml). Drinking water (vehicle) contained less than 0.6 ppm of sodium fluoride (the detectable limit). Animals were observed daily for clinical signs of toxicity. Food, water, and body weights were recorded for the animals in each group on GD 0 and every two days thereafter through GD 30. There was evidence of minimal maternal toxicity but no definitive evidence of developmental toxicity with levels of sodium fluoride in drinking water as high a [abstract truncated]

NTIS/PB94-861069

92 citations minimum

1993. Fluoride in Drinking Water. (Latest citations from the Selected Water Resources Abstracts Database).

NERAC, Inc., Tolland, CT.

Prepared in cooperation with Office of Water Research and Technology, Washington, DC. Sponsored in part by National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.

The bibliography contains citations concerning the fluoridation of drinking water and the natural occurrence of fluorides in water supplies. Articles discuss fluoride pollution of surface and ground water, methods of analysis for fluorides, techniques to remove fluorides from water, and fluoride toxicity. Citations also discuss fluoridation in terms of benefits and consequences for water systems. (Contains a minimum of 92 citations and includes a subject term index and title list.) Published Search.

NTIS/PB93-234797

7p

1993. Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Advisory: Hydrogen Fluoride, Series 8, No. 3.

Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.

he advisory recommends ways Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs) and chemical facilities can reduce risks posed by the presence of hydrogen fluoride (HF) in their communities. Hydrogen fluoride, a strong inorganic acid, is produced and used as a gas or liquid without water (i.e., in anhydrous form), or in a water (aqueous) solution. Inhalation of hydrogen fluoride vapor, either in anhydrous form or from water solutions, can cause irritation if the exposure is mild (i.e., low concentration in air for a short time), or severe damage to the respiratory system or death in the case of exposure to high concentrations. Contact with the liquid or vapor can severely burn the skin, eyes, and other tissue. The largest use of hydrogen fluoride is in the manufacture of fluorine-containing chemicals, particularly chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Hydrogen fluoride may be used in some petroleum refinery operations, aluminum production, nuclear applications, glass etching and polishing, and metal treating and [abstract truncated]

NTIS/PB93-887131

184 citations minimum

1993. Fluoride Toxicity. (Latest citations from the Life Sciences Collection Database).

NERAC, Inc., Tolland, CT.

The bibliography contains citations concerning the physiological effects of fluoride ingestion in humans and animals. The benefits and adverse effects of fluoride and its application to tooth and bone development are noted. Toxicity studies, and the pathology of fluoride toxicity are also considered. Industrial fluoride pollution and enflurane anesthetics are discussed. (Contains a minimum of 184 citations and includes a subject term index and title list.) Published Search. Updated with each order. Supersedes PB84-870427. Prepared in cooperation with Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Washington, DC. Sponsored in part by National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.

NTIS/PB93-109866

137p

1993. Review of Fluoride Benefits and Risks.

Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC.

The report is a comprehensive review and evaluation of the public health benefits and risks of fluoride in drinking water and other sources. It was prompted by a study of the National Toxicology Program which found 'equivocal evidence' of carcinogenicity based on the occurrence of a small number of malignant bone tumors (osteosarcomas) in male rats. Extensive studies over the past 50 years have established that individuals whose drinking water is fluoridated have fewer dental caries. Although the comparative degree of measurable benefit has been reduced recently as other fluoride sources have become available, the benefits of water fluoridation are still clearly evident. This report recommends the continued use of fluoride to prevent dental caries and the continued support for optimal fluoridation of drinking water. It also recommends scientific conferences to determine an optimal level of fluoride exposure from all sources combined, not only from drinking water. In accordance with prudent healt [abstract truncated]

NTIS/DE93041273

98p

1993. Development and demonstration of a personal monitoring system for exposure to hydrogen fluoride. Final report.

Authors:
Young MS
Monat JP

Abcor, Inc., Wilmington, MA. Walden Div.

A good, functional Hydrogen Fluoride Gasbadge dosimeter has been developed for sampling of airborne HF vapor. The device is small (7.7 cm (times) 5.4 cm (times) 1.9 cm) and can easily and conveniently be worn on one's lapel. It consists of polyethylene and polypropylene parts and a triethanolamine-impregnated polyproylene collection element. It is completely self contained, requiring no pumps, impingers, or sampling tubes. Subsequent to sampling, the collection element is analyzed quickly and easily with a fluoride selective-ion electrode. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine precision, linearity, interference effects, influences of temperature and humidity, and collection element stability over time. Results of the tests indicate that the Abcor Gasbadge HF dosimeter is an excellent passive HF monitor for work spaces, and that results obtained with it are accurate within (plus minus)25%. These results have been corroborated in a field study. Progress rept. Sponsored by Department of En [abstract truncated]

NTIS/AD-A290 425/8

Availability: Pub. in Chem.-Biol. Interactions, v87 p55-68, 1993.

15p

1993. Characterization of Organophosphorus Hydrolases and the Genetic Manipulation of the Phosphotriesterase from Pseudomonas Diminuta.

Authors:
Dave KI
Miller CE
Wild JR

Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Biochemistry and Biophysics.

There are a variety of enzymes which are specifically capable of hydrolyzing organophosphorus esters with different phosphoryl bonds from the typical phosphotriester bonds of common insecticidal neurotoxins (e.g. paraoxon or coumaphos) to the phosphonate-fluoride bonds of chemical warfare agents (e.g. soman or sarin). These enzymes comprise a diverse set of enzymes whose basic architecture and substrate specificities vary dramatically, yet they appear to be ubiquitous throughout nature. The most thoroughly studied of these enzymes is the organophosphate hydrolase (opd gene product) of Pseudomonas diminuta and Ftavobacterium sp. ATCC 27551, and the heterologous expression, post-translational modification, and genetic engineering studies undertaken with this enzyme are described.

NTIS/PB93-149847

282p

1993. Fluoride. Volume 10. Wind Tunnel Modeling of Fire Monitors for HF Vapor Cloud Mitigation, Volume 2. Appendix D. Concentration and Visualization Test Results.

Authors:
Petersen RL
Ratcliff MA
Heskestad G
Parce DK
Schatz KW

Industry Cooperative Hydrogen Fluoride Mitigationssessment Program. Water Spray Subcommittee.
Cermak Peterka Petersen, Inc., Fort Collins, CO.
Mobil Research and Development Corp., Princeton, NJ.
Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA.

The hazards of hydrogen fluoride (HF) have long been recognized. Standard operating practices have been aimed at on minimizing the possibility of a release and mitigating the effects if a release should occur. These practices are continually monitored and improved to maximize safety protection based on the available technical data. The recent program targeted further improvements based on new technical data. The volume contains concentration profiles and visualization test results to be used side by side with Volume IX of the report. Final rept. See also PB93-149813 and PB93-149839. Prepared in cooperation with Cermak Peterka Petersen, Inc., Fort Collins, CO., Mobil Research and Development Corp., Princeton, NJ., and Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA.

NTIS/TIB/A94-05085

107p

1993. (Reference measuring methods for determination of pollutant emissions from waste incinerator plants. Pt. 3

Authors:
Brandl A
Ullrich N
Waeber M

Umweltbundesamt, Berlin (Germany, F.R.).

For determination of HCl, HF and SO2 from waste incinerator plants according to 17.BImSchV the existing reference methods should be tested and the statistical characteristics evaluated. First the existing measuring methods were optimized especially in view to the used absorption solution in lab experiments. At the ion chromatograph (IC) the use of a solution of 0.3% H2O2 makes it possible to determine all compounds out of one sample. Afterwards reference methods were successful used at waste incinerator plants with different cleaning techniques. In addition to the mercury thiocyanate method (HCl > 2 mg/m3) and H2O2-thorin method (SO2 > 1 mg/m3) especially with very low pollutant concentrations the ion chromatograph has been established. Nevertheless the HF determination by the potentiometric method with a fluorine ion sensitive electrode is superior to the IC, especially in a low concentration range. The acidimetric determination of total acid with deluted soda lye was tested successfully, [abstract truncated]

NTIS/N94-11555/7

7p

(Order as N94-11527/6, PC A13/MF A03)

1993. Combustion Products Analyzer for Contingency Use during Thermodegradation Events on Spacecraft.

Authors:
Wilson S
Limero TF
Beck SW
James JT

National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center.

The Toxicology Laboratory at JSC and Exidyne Instrumentation Technologies (EIT) have developed a prototype Combustion Products Analyzer (CPA) to monitor, in real time, combustion products from a thermodegradation event on board spacecraft. The CPA monitors the four gases that are the most hazardous compounds (based on the toxicity potential and quantity produced) likely to be released during thermodegradation of synthetic materials: hydrogen fluoride (HF), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and carbon monoxide (CO). The levels of these compounds serve as markers to assist toxicologists in determining when the cabin atmosphere is safe for the crew to breathe following the contingency event. The CPA is a hand-held, battery-operated instrument containing four electrochemical sensors, one for each target gas, and a pump for drawing air across the sensors. The sensors are unique in their small size and zero-g compatibility. The immobilized electrolytes in each sensor permit the instrum [abstract truncated]

NTIS/PB93-223097

77p

1993. Public Health Assessment for Stauffer Chemical Companyarpon Springs, Florida, Region 4.

CERCLIS No. FLD010596013.

Florida State Dept. of Health and Rehabilitative Services, Tallahassee.

Sponsored by Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA.

he Stauffer Chemical Co. (Tarpon Springs Plant) site is located northwest of the city of Tarpon Springs, Pinellas County, Florida. Soil, sediment, groundwater and surface water are contaminated. When the plant was in operation there was community concern about noxious fumes coming from the site. The community is currently concerned about airborne dust transporting contaminants from the site. Contaminants of concern at the site are antimony, arsenic, beryllium, boron, cadmium, chromium, fluoride, lead, thallium, vanadium, radon, radium and sulfur dioxide. Preliminary rept.

NTIS/PB93-214245

21p

1993. Health Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 91-326-2278, Xomox Corporation, Blue Ash, Ohio.

Authors:
Echt A
Bresler FT
Hughes RT
Hayden CS

National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.

In response to an employer request, an investigation was begun concerning polymer fume fever in the Plastics Department at Xomox Corporation (SIC-3491), Blue Ash, Ohio. Xomox manufactured industrial valves in a variety of sizes and applications. Forty employees work in the Plastics Department over three shifts. Breathing zone and area air samples were analyzed for particulate fluorides and hydrogen-fluoride. In five of ten employees interviewed, classical symptoms of polymer fume fever occurred. In another five employees, partial polymer fume fever and/or isolated polymer fume fever symptoms occurred. These symptoms included shaking chills, myalgias, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and malaise with or without a measured increase in body temperature. The ventilation system was not effective in controlling emissions from the valve lining process. The authors conclude that a health hazard existed due to exposure to the decomposition products of fluorocarbon polymers. The authors conclude that [abstract truncated]

NTIS/DE94783320

214p

1993. Effects of ambient air pollution on health and the environment - air quality guidelines.

Author: Aunan K

Statens Forurensningstilsyn, Oslo (Norway).

Human and environmental dose and effect relations are described for the following pollutants: Nitrogen oxides (NO(sub 2)), ozon (O(sub 3)), sulfur dioxide (SO(sub 2)), suspended particulate matter, acid aerosols, carbon monoxide (CO), fluorides, Lead (Pb) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Revised air quality guidelines are presented for NO(sub 2), O(sub 3), SO(sub 2), suspended particulate matter, CO and fluorides, based on the demonstrated health effects in humans. Revised guidelines are also presented for NO(sub 2), O(sub 3), SO(sub 2) and fluorides, based on studies of the adverse effects on vegetation. A guideline is also proposed for fluorine, based on observed effects in animals. 349 refs., 7 figs, 65 tabs. (ERA citation 19:024782)/CHEMISTRY

NTIS/AD-A268 777/0

45p

1993. Evaluation of Stabilizationolidification of a K088 Spent Potliner Waste.

Authors:
Channell MG
Kosson TT

Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS. Environmental Lab.

This report presents the results of testing performed on a stabilized/solidified (S) spent potliner waste. The waste is an ash from the incineration of wastes produced from the primary reduction of aluminum from the smelting industry. The contaminants found in the waste area metals, cyanides, and fluorides. Four S/S, processes were evaluated in this study. They include the following: (a) a cement process, (b) a kiln dust process, (c) a lime/fly ash process, and (d) a proprietary binder furnished by the Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory. Physical and leaching characteristics of the S/S waste were evaluated. Physical characteristics were evaluated using the unconfined compressive strength test. The waste-leaching characteristics were evaluated using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure. Physical test results showed that S/S waste did not produce any 28-day strengths. Results of the chemical tests showed that cyanides and fluorides were reduced in the extract of the leaching tests. Co [abstract truncated]

NTIS/ASTM-D 4765-93

4p

1993. Fluorides in Workplace Atmospheres. (ASTM Standard).

American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA.

This document is available from NTIS under license from ASTM. This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee on Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace Atmospheres. Current edition approved Oct. 15, 1993. Published December 1993. Originally published as D4765-88. Last previous edition D4765-88.
 
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