Fluoride
Reports from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS
1990-1992
 
 

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Due to the number of reports, the following
are the categories we present them.
(Note: these reports were cited on Toxline at Toxnet in April 2005)
Fluoride (all reports except Canada)
Fluoride: CANADA
Fluoride in the
Nuclear Industry
Note: many of the
Canadian communities
cited in these reports
border the US.
-
-
Note: this is a selected
list of reports.

NTIS Reports can be ordered by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.

Order Number

Source Number

Date Published / Title / Author & Affiliation / Sponsor Agency Abstract /Keywords

NTIS/PB93-144152

254p

1992. Analysis of Acid Precipitation Samples Collected by State Agencies. Sampling Period: January-December 1990.

Author: Shepard LS

Global Geochemistry Corp., Canoga Park, CA.


Supporting Agency: Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.

The report presents analytical data from the 30 acid precipitation collection sites in the State-Operated Network. Samples are collected weekly in plastic bag liners and shipped in 500 mL polyethylene bottles to Global Geochemistry Corporation (the central laboratory for the network). This report contains maps showing the location of each site, plots of analytical data, tables of all field and analytical data, plots comparing field and laboratory pH and conductivity, and information on data quality. Samples are analyzed for pH, strong acid, conductivity, fluoride, chloride, nitrite, phosphate, bromide, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. The central laboratory renders technical assistance to the collection sites on problems concerning pH and conductivity. Each of the 10 participating state agencies receives analytical reports for the samples analyzed the previous month. Analyte concentration data are put on tape for later inclusion in the Acid Deposition System

NTIS/PB93-222347

56 pp.

1992. Clinical trial of the effect of prenatal fluoride supplements in preventing dental caries.


Author: Leverett DH

Eastman Dental Center, Rochester, NY.

Grant/Contract Funding: N01-DE-32441

In 1966 the US Food and Drug Administration forbad advertisements claiming efficacy of prenatal fluoride supplements, due to lack of clinical data supporting such a claim. In the early 1980s, the NIDR funded a randomized clinical trial to address this issue. 1,400 women in the first trimester of pregnancy were recruited into the study and were randomly assigned to one of two groups -- daily 1 mg fluoride tablet, daily placebo tablet -- during the last six months of pregnancy. After birth all subjects, experimental and control, were encouraged to use postnatal dietary fluoride supplements in ADA-recommended dosage. Clinical examinations for dental caries were conducted when the offspring reached three years and five years of age. dfs in the experimental group was not significantly different from the placebo group at either the three-year or the five-year exam. However, there was a significant association between caries prevalence at the three-year exam and measured compliance with postnatal dietary fluoride ingestion during the first two years of life. Although the anticaries efficacy of prenatal fluorides was not demonstrated in this study, the extraordinarily low caries prevalence in both groups (91-92% caries free) may have obscured any possibility of demonstrating a beneficial effect.

NTIS/PB93-149821

134p

1992. Effectiveness of Water Spray Mitigation Systems for Accidental Releases of Hydrogen Fluoride. Volume 8. Water Monitor Test.

Authors:
Schatz KW
Koopman RP

Industry Cooperative Hydrogen Fluoride Mitigation Assessment Program. Water Spray Subcommittee.
Mobil Research and Development Corp., Princeton, NJ.
Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA.

The hazards of hydrogen fluoride (HF) have long been recognized. Standard operating practices have been aimed at on minimizing the possibility of a release and mitigating the effects if a release should occur. These practices are continually monitored and improved to maximize safety protection based on the available technical data. The recent program targeted further improvements based on new technical data. The volume contains measurements of particle size distribution, velocity, flux density and air entrainment for water monitors. Final rept. See also PB93-149839 and PB93-149813.

NTIS/PB93-149839

185p

1992. Effectiveness of Water Spray Mitigation Systems for Accidental Releases of Hydrogen Fluoride. Volume 9. Wind Tunnel Modeling of Fire Monitors for HF Vapor Cloud Mitigation, Volume 1.

Authors:
Petersen RL
Ratcliff MA
Heskestad G
Parce DK

Industry Cooperative Hydrogen Fluoride Mitigation Asssessment Program. Water Spray Subcommittee.
Cermak Peterka Petersen, Inc., Fort Collins, CO.

The hazards of hydrogen fluoride (HF) have long been recognized. Standard operating practices have been aimed at on minimizing the possibility of a release and mitigating the effects if a release should occur. These practices are continually monitored and improved to maximize safety protection based on the available technical data. The recent program targeted further improvements based on new technical data. The volume presents the results of wind tunnel simulations of water monitors and a surrogate gas for HF to quantify the effect of water spray release configuration variables on the performance of multiple water monitors. Final rept. See also PB93-149847 and PB93-149821. Prepared in cooperation with Cermak Peterka Petersen, Inc., Fort Collins, CO. Sponsored by Mobil Research and Development Corp., Princeton, NJ./COMPLICATIONS

NTIS/OTS0536404

EPA/OTS; Doc #88-920002352

1992. INITIAL SUB: LETTER CONCERNING THE COHORT MORTALITY STUDY ON WORKERS WHO WERE EMPLOYED DURING 1950-1973 AT THE HARSHAW CHEMICAL COMPANY HARVARD-DENISON & ELYRIA PLANTS W-ATTACH
ENGELHARD CORP
URANIUM FLUORIDE
HEALTH EFFECTS
EPIDEMIOLOGY

NTIS/PB93-964121

Available on Standing Order, deposit account required for all RODS is $700 for U.S., Canada, and Mexico; all others $1,400. Deposit required for each region, $200 U.S., Canada, and Mexico; all others $400. Also available individually in paper copy or microfiche.,

66p

1992. Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5): Alsco Anaconda Site, Gnadenhutten, OH. (Second Remedial Action), September 1992.

Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.

The 4.8-acre Alsco Anaconda site is located in Gnadenhutten, Tuscarawas County, Ohio, within the 50- and 100-year floodplains of the Tuscarawas River. It consists of four source areas which contained FO19 waste (waste water treatment sludge) generated by the adjacent aluminum products manufacturing facility. From 1965 through 1978, contamination at the Alsco Anaconda site occurred when waste water and waste water treatment sludge (F019) from the aluminum plant were disposed of in an unlined settling basin (which consisted of tow impoundments) and a sludge pit. The ROD addressed the contaminated ground water which constitutes the second operable unit at the site. The primary contaminants of concern affecting the ground water include organics such as cyanide, fluoride, and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; and metals including, chromium, and lead. Final rept. See also PB90-162942.

NTIS/DE93007394

3p

1992. Global warming potential for SF(sub 6).

Authors:
Grossman AS
Wuebbles DJ

Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA.

Supporting Agency: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.

Sulfur hexaflouride (SF(sub 6)) is a trace gas in the atmosphere which, due to its long lifetime of approximately 3200 years (Ravishankara, 1992), could contribute significantly, if concentrations grew large enough, to concerns about global warming via the greenhouse effect. According to Rinsland et al. (1990), SF(sub 6) is widely used as an insulating gas in the high voltage electrical equipment industry. While the present day concentration of SF(sub 6) is small, Watson and Siddicoat (1985) show a linear increase rate of 0.084 pptv/yr. between 1970 and 1984. This increase coupled with the long lifetime of SF(sub 6) could, over an extended period of time, cause measurable contributions to global warming concerns. In a recent publication, an approximate model for the calculation of the Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) of trace gases in the atmosphere was described. The main purpose of this paper is to use the GWP model to calculate the GWP of SF(sub 6).

NTIS/AD-A269 896/7

68p

1992. Review and Evaluation of the ADAM 2.1 Dispersion Model.

Author: Kunkel BA

Phillips Lab., Hanscom AFB, MA.

Supporting Agency: Shared Bibliographic Input.

ADAM 2.1 is a heavy gas, gaussian puff dispersion model which predicts the hazard area resulting from the release of a toxic chemical. The model takes into account: (1) the chemical reaction, if any, that takes place when the chemical is released to the atmosphere; (2) the gravitational slumping due to the high density of the cloud (due to aerosol presence, temperature or molecular weight); and, (3) the dispersion due to atmospheric turbulence. Sixteen different source types are modeled including instantaneous and continuous releases, pressurized liquid and gas releases, and non-pressurized liquid releases, cryogenic and non-cryogenic liquid releases, and diked and undiked releases. The chemical data base contains data on eight chemicals--ammonia, chlorine, fluorine, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen tetroxide, phosgene, and sulfur dioxide. This report gives a general review of the model structure and its performance capabilities. A more detailed discussion of the model physics can b [abstract truncated]

NTIS/OTS0555687

EPA/OTS; Doc #88-920010270

1992. FLUORIDE AND CARBONYL FLUORIDE IN RATS WITH COVER LETTER DATED 10/15/92

Corporate Name: HASKELL LABORATORY


E I DUPONT DE NEMOURS & CO
HYDROGEN FLUORIDE AND CARBONYL FLUORIDE
HEALTH EFFECTS
ACUTE TOXICITY
MAMMALS
RATS
INHALATION

CAS Registry Numbers:
353-50-4 (Carbonyl difluoride)
7664-39-3 (Hydrofluoric acid)

NTIS/AD-A256 344/3

38p

1992. Metabolite Identification of Halon Replacement Compounds.

Authors:
Brashear WT
Ketcha MM
Pollard DL
Godin CS
Leahy HF

ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., Dayton, OH.

Halon 121 1 is currently being used by the U.S. Air Force as a flight line fire extinguishant. Because of health and environmental concerns over ozone depletion, Halon 1211 must be phased out by the year 2000. Before all interim replacement can be chosen, the toxicity of prospective candidates needs to be evaluated. This study has investigated the metabolism of the Halon replacement candidates perfluorohexane (PFH) and the hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs): HCFC-123, HCFC-124, and HCFC-142b. Fischer 344 and Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed via inhalation to a 1% atmosphere for 2 h. Tissues were analyzed for volatile metabolites, and urine was analyzed for fluoride and carboxylic acid metabolites. Animals exposed to HCFC-123 or IICFC-124 excreted trifluoroacetic acid in their urine. The presence of trifluoroacetic acid indicates oxidative metabolism of HCFC-123 and IICFC-124. Increased fluoride was found in the urine of rats exposed to HCFC-124. HCFC-142b was metabolized to chlorodifluoroacetic ac [abstract truncated]

NTIS/ASTM-D 3267-91

6p

1992. Separation and Collection of Particulate and Water-Soluble Gaseous Fluorides in the Atmosphere (Filter and Impinger Method). (ASTM Standard).

American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA.

This document is available from NTIS under license from ASTM. This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-22 on Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Atmospheres and Source Emissions. Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1991. Published February 1992. Originally published as D3267-73 T. Last previous edition D3267-88. Reapproved 1995.

NTIS/PB93-149813

177p

1991. Effectiveness of Water Spray Mitigation Systems for Accidental Releases of Hydrogen Fluoride. Volume 7. Computer Programs.

Authors:
Jones AE
Fthenakis VM
Schatz KW

Industry Cooperative Hydrogen Fluoride Mitigationssessment Program. Water Spray Subcommittee.
Mobil Research and Development Corp., Princeton, NJ.
Du Pont de Nemours (E.I.) and Co., Wilmington, DE.

The hazards of hydrogen fluoride (HF) have long been recognized. Standard operating practices focused on minimizing the possibility of a release and mitigating the effects if a release should occur. These practices are continually monitored and improved to maximize safety protection based on the available technical data. The recent program targeted further improvements based on new technical data. The volume contains 2 computer codes to calculate efficiencies of a water spray system interacting with an unconfined HF aerosol cloud. One program SPRYDN, is for a downward-directed spray. The other, program SPRYUP, is for a spray directed upwards. Although they include a number of common subroutines, the two programs are independent. The report describes the computer models, compares the model predictions with the Nevada test results, presents a parametric study of the major variables and provides detailed instructions for running the program. Final rept. See also PB93-149821 and DE90007134.Color i [abstract truncated]

NTIS/DE93000952

232p

1991. HGSYSTEM: Dispersion models for ideal gases and hydrogen fluoride tutorial and quick reference guide.

Author: Witlox HWM

EG and G Energy Measurements, Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
Industry Cooperative Hydrogen Fluoride Mitigationssessment Program (United States). Ambient Impact Assessment Subcommittee.
Shell Research Ltd., Chester (United Kingdom). Thornton Research Centre.

The thermodynamic behavior of hydrogen fluoride when diluted with air, particularly moist air, is very different from that of a simple ideal gas. The gas-air mixture can, depending on conditions, be denser than ambient air or substantially less dense than air. This behavior of an HF cloud would have a major influence on the dispersion behavior of HF in the atmosphere if it were released accidentally. For gases such as LNG thermodynamic effects must be included in dispersion models in order to accurately simulate such releases. Because of the unique thermodynamic properties of HF, it was felt that those properties would be important in accurately simulating an HF release. This program identified three major areas in which substantial uncertainties existed in previous models: (1) the modeling of the complex thermodynamics of HF(sub 2)O/Air mixtures (including aerosol effects on cloud density); (2) the treatment of a wide range of surface roughness conditions (including possible multiple surface ro [abstract truncated]

NTIS/DE91015663

61p

1991. Biological studies in the impact zone of the Liquefied Gaseous Fuels Spill Test Facility in Frenchman Flat, Nevada.

Authors:
Hunter RB
Saethre MB
Medica PA
Greger PD
Romney EM

Reynolds Electrical and Engineering Co., Inc., Las Vegas, NV.

Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.

Desert shrubs and rodents were monitored downwind of the Department of Energy Liquefied Gaseous Fuels Spill Test Facility (LGF), which is situated on a dry lake bed (playa). Plants were censused in 1981 and 1986 through 1990; rodent survival was measured from 1986 through 1990. During that time there were no apparent effects of the spill tests on animals or plants off the edge of the playa, which extends more than 2.5 kilometers from the facility. Plant populations increased in volume from 1981 through 1986, then declined precipitously during drought in 1989 and 1990. Rodent populations also declined during the drought. Some effects of spilled hydrogen fluoride gas were seen on plants growing on manmade mounds on the playa surface. Animal and bird species seen in the vicinity of the LGF are also reported. 11 refs., 10 figs., 16 tabs.

NTIS/PB95-963517

178p

1991. Superfund Analytical Methods for Low Concentration Water for Inorganics Analysis.

Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.

The report includes procedures for analyzing samples from drinking water wells and ground water supplies. The method contains reporting and deliverables requirements. Target Analyte List, Contract Required Detection Limits and analytical methods for metals, cyanide, fluoride and NO23-N./ULTRASONOGRAPHY

Two reports, same title:

NTIS/DE92784566

U.S. Sales Only.

139p

also

NTIS/TIB/B92-01519

145p

1991. (Diode laser photometer for process gas analysis in the near infrared).

Author: Cerff K

Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe G.m.b.H. (Germany, F.R.). Koordinationsstelle Technologietransfer.
Karlsruhe Univ. (T.H.) (Germany). Fakultaet fuer Elektrotechnik.

A process photometer for the near infrared is designed taking into account the spectral properties of eligible heteropolar molecular compounds as well as the properties exhibited by commercially available diode lasers for communication engineering at 1.3 and 1.5 (mu)m, respectively. Compared with the conventional systems, this new process photometer has a high selectivity. Two frequency tuning methods are investigated. On the basis of the values measured, the method suitable for the InGaAs(P) diode lasers is determined. This method is then compared with that used for cooled lead salt diode lasers. A special method for the calculation of the hydrogen fluoride concentration with a reduced expenditure is examined for the occurrence of an additional water absorption line. This method is based on the use of the computer already incorporated in the analog device version. Subsequently, the analog device unit tested under operating conditions in the stack of our industrial cooperation partner is describ [abstract truncated]

NTIS/PB92-193192

40p

1991. Optical Diagnostics for Trace Species Detection in Natural Gas Combustion Systems. Annual Report, November 1990-November 1991.

Author: Vander Wal RL

Sandia National Labs., Livermore, CA. Combustion Research Facility.

Supporting Agency: Gas Research Inst., Chicago, IL.

Regulations governing the emission of pollutants such as NO from natural gas and other combustion systems are becoming increasingly more stringent. The object of the research is to further develop and utilize the recently realized sensitive spectroscopic capabilities of degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) for measuring temperature and concentrations of trace species such as NO. The detailed information provided by the new optical diagnostic tool can be used to help improve the authors' understanding of the combustion chemistry and the fluid dynamics that control the behavior of combustion systems. During the past year the authors have been able to demonstrate the ability of DFWM to detect a diatomic molecule, hydrogen fluoride (HF), with high sensitivity using infrared radiation both as a low pressure gas and a minor component in a mixture. Measurements have also been made of the details of the DFWM NO spectra using ultraviolet radiation to help develop and validate spectroscopic models that will [abstract truncated]

NTIS/NUREG-1391

18p

1991. Chemical Toxicity of Uranium Hexafluoride Compared to Acute Effects of Radiation.

Author: McGuire SA

Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research.

The chemical effects from acute exposures to uranium hexafluoride are compared to the nonstochastic effects from acute radiation doses of 25 rems to the whole body and 300 rems to the thyroid. The analysis concludes that an intake of about 10 mg of uranium in soluble form is roughly comparable, in terms of early effects, to an acute whole body dose of 25 rems because both are just below the threshold for significant nonstochastic effects. Similarly, an exposure to hydrogen fluoride at a concentration of 25 mg/cu m for 30 minutes is roughly comparable because there would be no significant nonstochastic effects. For times t other than 30 minutes, the concentration C of hydrogen fluoride considered to have the same effect can be calculated using a quadratic equation: C = 25 mg/cu m (30 min/t)(sup 0.5). The purpose of these analyses is to provide information for developing design and siting guidelines based on chemical toxicity for enrichment plants using uranium hexafluoride. These guidelines are t [abstract truncated]

NTIS/N92-11619/3

1p

1991. Toxicity Assessment of Combustion Products in Simulated Space Cabins (Abstract Only).

Authors:
Ushakov VF
Solomin GI
Savina VP
Pashin SS
Marchenko LV

Joint Publications Research Service, Arlington, VA.

Supporting Agency: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC.

The toxicity of the combustion products of polymers used in transformers was assessed on outbred albino rats and mice in simulated space cabins. Polyamide-6 and getinaks represented 81.4 pct. of the polymers in the transformer by weight. The resultant data indicated that within the testing parameters, unambiguous toxicity was lacking. It also became apparent that tests reflecting function of the nervous system are the most sensitive indicators of toxicity. Furthermore, tolerance of combustion products may be best assessed by determining the level of hepatic detoxication. The experiments also showed that within a cabin volume of 80 cu m, the concentrations of the most toxic products (hydrocyanic acid, carbon monoxide, ammonia, hydrogen fluoride, and formaldehyde) produced by a transformer fire remained below threshold limit values. Smaller cabins, accordingly, would present greater toxicity risks even on short term exposure. In Its Jprs Report: Science and Technology. Ussr: Life Sciences p 4. Tr [abstract truncated]

NTIS/ASTM-D 3268-91

6p

1991. Separation and Collection of Particulate and Gaseous Fluorides in the Atmosphere (Sodium Bicarbonate-Coated Glass Tube and Particulate Filter Method). (ASTM Standard).

American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA.

This document is available from NTIS under license from ASTM. DoD adopted. This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-22 on Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Atmospheres and Source Emissions. Current edition approved July 15, 1991. Published October 1991. Originally published as D3268-73T. Last previous edition D3268-89.

NTIS/ASTM-D 3266-91

6p

1991. Automated Separation and Collection of Particulate and Acidic Gaseous Fluoride in the Atmosphere (Double Paper Tape Sampler Method). (ASTM Standard).

American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA.

This document is available from NTIS under license from ASTM. DoD adopted. This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-22 on Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Atmospheres and Source Emissions. Current edition approved March 15, 1991. Published May 1991. Originally published as D3266-73T. Last previous edition D3266-79e1.
EPA/OTS; Doc #FYI-OTS-0290-0741

1990. NTP SODIUM FLUORIDE STUDIES IN MICE AND RATS WITH COVER SHEET AND LETTER DATED 02/08/90

NATL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM

DEPT HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES
SODIUM FLUORIDE
HEALTH EFFECTS
CHRONIC TOXICITY
COMBINED CHRONIC TOXICITY/CARCINOGENICITY
MAMMALS
RATS
ORAL
MICE

NTIS/PB91-178137

452p

1990. Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Sodium Fluoride (CAS No. 7681-49-4) in F344 Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Drinking Water Studies).

National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC.

Groups of 80 F344 rats and B6C3F(1) mice of each sex received 0 or 175 ppm sodium fluoride and groups of 50 rats and mice of each sex received 25 or 100 ppm sodium fluoride in deionized drinking water ad libitum for up to 103 weeks. Under the conditions of these 2-year dosed water studies, there was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity of sodium fluoride in male F344/N rats, based on the occurrence of a small number of osteosarcomas in dosed animals. 'Equivocal evidence' is a category for uncertain findings defined as studies that are interpreted as showing a marginal increase of neoplasms that may be related to chemical administration. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity in female F344/N rats receiving sodium fluoride at concentrations of 25, 100, or 175 ppm (11, 45 or 79 ppm fluoride) in drinking water for 2 years. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of sodium fluoride in male or female mice receiving sodium fluoride at concentrations of 25, 100, 175 ppm in drinkin [abstract truncated]

NTIS/DE93000953

690p

1990. Development and validation of atmospheric dispersion models for ideal gases and hydrogen fluoride. Part 1, Technical reference manual.

Authors:
McFarlane K
Prothero A
Puttock JS
Roberts PT
Witlox HWM

EG and G Energy Measurements, Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
Shell Research Ltd., Chester (United Kingdom). Thornton Research Centre.

The thermodynamic behavior of hydrogen fluoride when diluted with air, particularly moist air, is very different from that of a simple ideal gas. The gas-air mixture can, depending on conditions, be denser than ambient air or substantially less dense than air. This behavior of an HF cloud would have a major influence on the dispersion behavior of HF in the atmosphere if it were released accidentally. For gases such as LNG thermodynamic effects must be included in dispersion models in order to accurately simulate such releases. Because of the unique thermodynamic properties of HF, it was felt that those properties would be important in accurately simulating an HF release. This program identified three major areas in which substantial uncertainties existed in previous models: (1) the modeling of the complex thermodynamics of HF(sub 2)O/Air mixtures (including aerosol effects on cloud density); (2) the treatment of a wide range of surface roughness conditions (including possible multiple surface ro [abstract truncated]

NTIS/N92-15451/7

8p

1990. Assessment of Effects on Vegetation of Degradation Products from Alternative Fluorocarbons.

Authors:
Mccune DC
Weinstein LH

Boyce Thompson Inst. for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY.

Supporting Agency: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC.

Concern with the effects of fluorides on plants has been devoted to that resulting from dry deposition (mainly with reference to gaseous HF and secondarily with particulate forms). The occurrence of precipitation as rain or mist and the presence of dew or free water on the foliage has mainly been considered with respect to their effects on the accumulation of air-borne fluoride and not with fluoride in wet deposition. That is, precipitation has been viewed primarily with respect to its facilitation of the solution and subsequent absorption of deposits by the foliar tissues or its elution of deposited fluoride from foliage. Accordingly, our evaluation of inorganic fluoride from fluorocarbon degradation rests upon a comparison with what is known about the effects of industrial emissions and what could be considered the natural condition. In NASA, Washington, Scientific Assessment of Stratospheric Ozone: 1989, Volume 2. Appendix: Afeas Report p 461-469.

NTIS/OTS0000607-2

EPA/OTS; Doc #FYI-OTS-0890-0607

1990. ACUTE INHALATION TOXICITY OF HYDROGEN FLUORIDE IN RATS (FINAL REPORT) WITH ATTACHMENTS AND COVER LETTER DATED 08/23/90

Corporate Name: HASKELL LABORATORY

Hydrogen Fluoride was evaluated for acute inahalation toxicity in groups of 4 male Crl:CDBR rats exposed to the test material at concentrations of 950, 1550, 1690, 1730, 1800, 2030, 2040, 2260, 2420, and 2730 ppm in low humidity and 1290, 1940, 2060, 2200, 2210, 2490, and 2620 ppm in high humidity for one hour. The use of controls was not specified. The animals were observed for 14 days post-treatment. Clinical observations after exposure include respiratory distress (labored breathing, lung noise or gasping), oral, nasal and ocular discharges, corneal opacity, shut or partially closed eyes, facial hair loss, nasal, facial and ear erosion/necrosis, lethargy, hunched posture, yellow- or brown-stained perineum, and piloerection. Gross examination of sections of the nose, larynx/pharnyx, trachea and lungs was conducted. One day after exposure, pathologic injury was limited exclusively to the anterior section of the nose. Nasal injury was characterized by extensive necrosis of respiratory epithelium with inflammation and vascular thrombosis in adjacent submucosal tissues. No compound related injuries were observed in the trachea or the lungs. Histopathological examination revealed an acute inflammatory response and fibrin thrombi within blood vessels in submucosal tissue adjacent to the necrotic epithelium. Squamous metaplasia of respiratory epithelium was present in the anterior section of the nose in all animals from both groups. Mortality data was not specified. The study concluded that the LC50 for dry and humid air, calculated by probit analysis, were 2240 and 2340 ppm respectively.

NTIS/AD-A226 311/9

50p

1990. Compliance Testing of the Hydrogen Fluoride Ion Cleaning Facility, Kelly AFB, Texas.

Author: Scott PT

Air Force Occupational and Environmental Health Lab., Brooks AFB, TX.

Source Emission Testing was conducted on the Kelly AFB Fluoride Ion Cleaning Facility, Building 339 during April 1990. The fluoride emission rate was determined during normal operation. The facility was found to be in compliance with their Texas Air Control Board Construction Permit S-17940. Keywords: Emission testing, Air quality, Fluoride, Environmental safety. (js) Final rept.

NTIS/TIB/B91-02061

270p

1990. (Annual report on air hygiene, 1989).

Bayerisches Landesamt fuer Umweltschultz, Munich (Germany, F.R.).

The Bavarian Office for Environmental Protection operates a number of measuring stations for immissions and air hygiene monitoring. Continuous monitoring and air sample measurements are evaluated for SO sub 2 , CO, NO, NO sub 2 , hydrocarbons with and without methane, ozone, H sub 2 S, dust, sulphur, and, in some cases, fluorides. Also measured are data on wind directions and velocities, relative humidity, pressure, and global radiation; these meteorological data are important for assessing pollutant distributions. In late 1989, the monitoring network comprised 70 monitoring stations and one special measuring station. In addition, 6 further monitoring stations in the Bavarian northern Alpine region were operated by Fraunhofer Institute for Atmospheric Environment Research on behalf of the Bavarian Minister of Regional Development and Environmental Affairs. Another monitoring station in the center of Nuremberg city is operated by the Nuremberg Office for Chemical Analysis. The findings of the mea [abstract truncated]

NTIS/DE93000954

538p

1990. Development and validation of atmospheric dispersion models for ideal gases and hydrogen fluoride. Part 2, HGSYSTEM program user's manual.

Authors:
Witlox HWM
McFarlane K
Rees FJ
Puttock JS

EG and G Energy Measurements, Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
Industry Cooperative Hydrogen Fluoride Mitigationssessment Program (United States). Ambient Impact Assessment Subcommittee.
Shell Research Ltd., Chester (United Kingdom). Thornton Research Centre.

The thermodynamic behavior of hydrogen fluoride when diluted with air, particularly moist air, is very different from that of a simple ideal gas. The gas-air mixture can, depending on conditions, be denser than ambient air or substantially less dense than air. This behavior of an HF cloud would have a major influence on the dispersion behavior of HF in the atmosphere if it were released accidentally. For gases such as LNG thermodynamic effects must be included in dispersion models in order to accurately simulate such releases. Because of the unique thermodynamic properties of HF, it was felt that those properties would be important in accurately simulating an HF release. This program identified three major areas in which substantial uncertainties existed in previous models: (1) the modeling of the complex thermodynamics of HF(sub 2)O/Air mixtures (including aerosol effects on cloud density); (2) the treatment of a wide range of surface roughness conditions (including possible multiple surface ro [abstract truncated]

NTIS/AD-A237 945/1

148p

1990. Hydrogen Fluoride and Fluorine Dispersion Models Integration Into the Air Force Dispersion Assessment Model. Volume 1.

Author: Raj PK

Technology and Management Systems, Inc., Burlington, MA.

Hydrogen fluoride and fluorine are two of the chemicals that are handled, transported, and used by the U.S. Air Force. Because of the need to develop contingency planning to manage potential accidents involving the release of either of these two toxic chemicals, dispersion models have been developed and integrated into the Air Force Dispersion Assessment Model ( ADAM ) system. The thermodynamic aspects of the AF polymerization reaction and dissociation when mixed with air have been modeled and considered in dispersion calculations. The dispersion results have been compared with test results from the Goldfish Series of field tests. The agreement is good between predicted and measured parameters such as cloud temperature, cloud width, and downwind concentration. The mixing of fluorine with ambient air has been modeled. Dispersion results for Fluorine are presented; however, due to the absence of any field data, no verification of predicted results are possible. Final rept. 1 Mar 89-30 Nov 90.

NTIS/OTS0526018

EPA/OTS; Doc #86-900000441

1990. GEOHYDROLOGIC EVALUATION OF DU PONT - CORPUS CHRISTI WORKS WITH COVER LETTER AND INTERIM REPORT
E I DUPONT DENEMOURS INC
CHLOROFORM (67-66-3)
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
MONITORING

NTIS/OTS0524020

EPA/OTS; Doc #88-900000086

1990. PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY STUDY OF ALCOA WORKERS (1980-1987) WITH COVER LETTER DATED 03/29/90 ALUMINUM COMPANY OF AMERICA
CARBON OXIDES
HEALTH EFFECTS
EPIDEMIOLOGY
CAS Registry Numbers:
57-12-5
1344-28-1
7446-09-5
7631-86-9
7664-41-7
7803-51-2
8007-45-2
15096-52-3
16984-48-8 (Fluoride ion)
64741-79-3

NTIS/PB90-241977

9p

1990. Health Assessment for U.S. Nameplate Company, Mt. Vernon, Iowa, Region 7

CERCLIS No. IAD054758958.

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA.

The U.S. Nameplate Company site is listed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) on the National Priorities List (NPL). U.S. Nameplate Company, Inc. manufactures nameplates by etching aluminum, brass, and stainless steel. Liquid wastes from the manufacturing processes are acidic and contain chromium, copper, fluoride, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and zinc. USEPA performed a sampling inspection at the site in July-August 1985 and August 1986. In July-August 1985 twenty lagoon sludge samples, three lagoon surface water samples, and three groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for total metals, volatile organics, fluorides, cyanides and chromium VI. The detection limit was 500 microg/l for lead and 50 microg/l for cadmium. The potential environmental pathways of concern are groundwater, soil, sediment, surface water, and air. The site is of potential public health concern because of the potential risk to human health resulting from the possible exposure to hazardous s [abstract truncated]

NTIS/PB91-921442,

112p

1990. Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4): Harrisalm Bay Facility, Palm Bay, Brevard County, FL. (First Remedial Action), June 1990.

Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.

The 345-acre Harrisalm Bay Facility site is an electronics manufacturing company in Palm Bay, Brevard County, Florida. Surrounding land use is commercial, residential, and industrial. The site overlies an unconsolidated aquifer, which is used by a public wellfield located south of and downgradient of the site, from the 1950s to 1967. In 1981, EPA identified VOCs in ground water wells located south of the Government Systems facility. Ground water contamination was attributed to several onsite incidents at the Government Systems plant including two fires, which resulted in the dumping of chemical vats, a broken acid/solvent line, and spillage at drum storage areas. The primary contaminants of concern affecting the ground water are VOCs including TCE; metals including chromium and lead; and other inorganics including fluoride.

NTIS/PB90-244088

14p

1990. Health Assessment for Agrico Chemical Company, Pensacola, Florida, Region 4.

CERCLIS No. FLD980221857.

Florida State Dept. of Health and Rehabilitative Services, Tallahassee.

Sponsored by Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA.

The site of the former Agrico Chemical Company covers an area of approximately 30 acres. Based on the available information, it has been concluded this site is of potential public health concern because of the risk to human health from exposure to hazardous substances at concentrations that may result in adverse health effects. As noted in the Environmental Contamination and Physical Hazards sections, human exposure to arsenic, chromium, fluoride, nitrate, and benzene may occur through contact with contaminated ground water; human exposure to fluoride may occur through contact with sediments and surface water in on-site impoundments. Air and edible plant and animal exposure pathways were not addressed in the information reviewed for this Preliminary Health Assessment. Preliminary rept.

NTIS/PB90-222530

13p

1990. Health Assessment for Alcoa (Vancouver Smelter), Vancouver, Clark County, Washington, Region 10. CERCLIS No. WAD009045279.

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA.

The ALCOA (also known as Vancouver Smelter) site, located on the northern bank of the Columbia River about 4 miles west of Interstate 5 in Vancouver, Clark County, Washington, has been proposed for the National Priorities List. The site consists of three waste piles containing about 66,000 tons of waste (spent potlinings and alumina insulation) that were deposited on the north bank of the Columbia River by ALCOA between 1973 and 1981. ALCOA has since sold the aluminum smelter to another company, VANALCO. The contaminants detected in the groundwater in the area surrounding the piles include cyanide, fluoride, and trichloroethene (TCE). The ALCOA site is of potential public health concern because humans may be exposed to hazardous substances at concentrations that may result in adverse health effects. Final rept.

NTIS/OTS0522307

EPA/OTS; Doc #86-900000075

1990. ENDANGERMENT ASSESSMENT FOR NECCO PARK NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK (FINAL REPORT) WITH ATTACHED APPENDIX, COVER SHEET AND LETTER DATED 01/30/90

WOODWARD-CLYDE CONSULTANTS

CAS Nos. too many to list but inlcudes

16984-48-8 (Fluoride ion)

NTIS/PB92-100379

Also available in set of 27 reports PC E99/MF E99, PB92-100361.

190p

1990. Acidic Deposition: State of Science and Technology. Report 1. Emissions Involved in Acidic Deposition Processes.

Authors:
Placet M
Battye RE
Barnard WR
Gillette DA
Johnson TC

National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, Washington, DC.

Acidic deposition studies require data on emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)--the primary chemical compounds involved in acidic deposition processes--as well as data on other compounds involved in acid-base chemistry, such as ammonia, alkaline dust particles, primary sulfates, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride. The National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) and other research organizations have developed emissions inventories and emissions trends estimates, some of which are at a very resolved level of spatial, temporal, and species-component detail. These inventories and estimates are needed to support models such as the Regional Atmospheric Deposition Model and policy-oriented studies. Since most of the emissions values are estimated, not measured, they are subject to uncertainty. Final rept. Also available from Supt. of Docs. See also Report 2, PB92-100387.Color illustrations reproduced in black and white. Counci

NTIS/PB90-191784

250p

1990. Analysis of Acid Precipitation Samples Collected by State Agencies: January-December 1988.

Author: Shepard LS

Global Geochemistry Corp., Canoga Park, CA.

The report presents analytical data from the 30 acid precipitation collection sites in the State-Operated Network. Samples are collected weekly in plastic bag liners and shipped in 500 mL polyethylene bottles to Global Geochemistry Corporation (the central laboratory for the network). The report contains maps showing the location of each site, plots of analytical data, tables of all field and analytical data, plots comparing field and laboratory pH and conductivity, and information on data quality. Samples are analyzed for pH, strong acid, conductivity, fluoride, chloride, nitrite, phosphate, bromide, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. The central laboratory renders technical assistance to the collection sites on problems concerning pH and conductivity. Each of the 11 participating state agencies receives analytical reports for the samples analyzed the previous month. Analyte concentration data are sent to the Acid Deposition System (ADS) for inclusion in the [abstract truncated]

NTIS/DE90011152

Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche products.

17p

1990. Emissions involved in acidic deposition processes: Methodology and results.

Author: Placet M

Argonne National Lab., IL.

Data on the emissions involved in atmospheric acid-base chemistry are crucial to the assessment of acidic deposition and its effects. Sulfur dioxide (SO(sub 2)), nitrogen oxides (NO(sub x)), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the primary chemical compounds involved in acidic deposition processes. In addition, other emission species -- e.g., ammonia, alkaline dust particles, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen fluoride -- are involved in atmospheric acid-base chemistry, either by contributing acidic constituents or by neutralizing acidic species. Several emissions data bases have been developed under the auspices of the National Acid Precipitation Program (NAPAP). In addition to those developed by NAPAP, emissions data bases and emissions trends estimates also have been developed by organizations such as the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This paper briefly describes and compares the methods used in developing these emissions data b [abstract truncated]

NTIS/PB92-100544

Also available in set of 27 reports PC E99/MF E99, PB92-100361.

224p

1990. Acidic Deposition: State of Science and Technology. Report 18. Response of Vegetation to Atmospheric Deposition and Air Pollution.

Authors:
Shriner DS
Heck WW
McLaughlin SB
Johnson DW
Irving PM

National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, Washington, DC.
Council on Environmental Quality, Washington, DC.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. Environmental Sciences Div.
Nevada Univ. System, Reno. Biology Sciences Center.

Air pollutants have been recognized as stress factors for vegetation for well over a century. Historically, problems were associated with localized effects around point sources of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride. Regional-scale vegetation damage by photochemical oxidants has been recognized for approximately 40 years, and the potential for regional-scale impacts of acidic precipitation on terrestrial ecosystems has been recognized for about 20 years. The document summarizes the mechanisms by which crop and forest vegetation respond to stress in the form of gaseous air pollutants and acidic precipitation. The adequacy of existing data, and the uncertainties associated with use of the data for regional-scale assessment are evaluated. Methods for developing such an assessment given the current state of science are discussed. Major challenges remain in the areas of interpretation of research results from controlled exposure experiments in terms of their relevance to either ag [abstract truncated]
 
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