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Due
to the number of reports, the following
are the categories we present them.
(Note: these reports were cited on Toxline
at Toxnet in April 2005) |
Fluoride
(all reports except Canada) |
Fluoride:
CANADA |
Fluoride
in the
Nuclear Industry |
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Note:
many of the
Canadian communities
cited in these reports
border the US. |
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- |
Note:
this is a selected
list of reports. |
NTIS
Reports can be ordered by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S.
customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900;
and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5285 Port
Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.
|
Order
Number
Source
Number |
Date
Published / Title / Author & Affiliation / Sponsor Agency |
Abstract
/Keywords |
NTIS/PB93-144152
254p |
1992.
Analysis of Acid Precipitation Samples Collected by State
Agencies. Sampling Period: January-December 1990.
Author:
Shepard LS
Global
Geochemistry Corp., Canoga Park, CA.
Supporting Agency: Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
|
The report
presents analytical data from the 30 acid precipitation collection
sites in the State-Operated Network. Samples are collected weekly
in plastic bag liners and shipped in 500 mL polyethylene bottles
to Global Geochemistry Corporation (the central laboratory for
the network). This report contains maps showing the location
of each site, plots of analytical data, tables of all field
and analytical data, plots comparing field and laboratory pH
and conductivity, and information on data quality. Samples
are analyzed for pH, strong acid, conductivity,
fluoride, chloride, nitrite, phosphate, bromide, nitrate,
sulfate, ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium.
The central laboratory renders technical assistance to the collection
sites on problems concerning pH and conductivity. Each of the
10 participating state agencies receives analytical reports
for the samples analyzed the previous month. Analyte concentration
data are put on tape for later inclusion in the Acid Deposition
System |
NTIS/PB93-222347
56 pp. |
1992.
Clinical trial of the effect of prenatal fluoride supplements
in preventing dental caries.
Author: Leverett DH
Eastman
Dental Center, Rochester, NY.
Grant/Contract
Funding: N01-DE-32441 |
In 1966
the US Food and Drug Administration forbad advertisements claiming
efficacy of prenatal fluoride supplements, due to lack of clinical
data supporting such a claim. In the early 1980s, the NIDR funded
a randomized clinical trial to address this issue. 1,400
women in the first trimester of pregnancy were recruited into
the study and were randomly assigned to one of two groups --
daily 1 mg fluoride tablet, daily placebo tablet -- during the
last six months of pregnancy. After birth all subjects,
experimental and control, were encouraged to use postnatal dietary
fluoride supplements in ADA-recommended dosage. Clinical examinations
for dental caries were conducted when the offspring reached
three years and five years of age. dfs in the experimental group
was not significantly different from the placebo group at either
the three-year or the five-year exam. However, there was a significant
association between caries prevalence at the three-year exam
and measured compliance with postnatal dietary fluoride ingestion
during the first two years of life. Although
the anticaries efficacy of prenatal fluorides was not demonstrated
in this study, the extraordinarily low caries prevalence in
both groups (91-92% caries free) may have obscured any possibility
of demonstrating a beneficial effect. |
NTIS/PB93-149821
134p |
1992.
Effectiveness of Water Spray Mitigation Systems for Accidental
Releases of Hydrogen Fluoride. Volume
8. Water Monitor Test.
Authors:
Schatz KW
Koopman RP
Industry
Cooperative Hydrogen Fluoride Mitigation Assessment Program.
Water Spray Subcommittee.
Mobil Research and Development Corp., Princeton, NJ.
Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA. |
The hazards
of hydrogen fluoride (HF) have long been recognized. Standard
operating practices have been aimed at on minimizing the possibility
of a release and mitigating the effects if a release should
occur. These practices are continually monitored and improved
to maximize safety protection based on the available technical
data. The recent program targeted further improvements based
on new technical data. The volume contains measurements of particle
size distribution, velocity, flux density and air entrainment
for water monitors. Final rept.
See also PB93-149839 and PB93-149813. |
NTIS/PB93-149839
185p |
1992.
Effectiveness
of Water Spray Mitigation Systems for Accidental Releases
of Hydrogen Fluoride. Volume 9.
Wind Tunnel Modeling of Fire Monitors for HF Vapor Cloud Mitigation,
Volume 1.
Authors:
Petersen RL
Ratcliff MA
Heskestad G
Parce DK
Industry
Cooperative Hydrogen Fluoride Mitigation Asssessment Program.
Water Spray Subcommittee.
Cermak Peterka Petersen, Inc., Fort Collins, CO. |
The hazards
of hydrogen fluoride (HF) have long been recognized. Standard
operating practices have been aimed at on minimizing the possibility
of a release and mitigating the effects if a release should
occur. These practices are continually monitored and improved
to maximize safety protection based on the available technical
data. The recent program targeted further improvements based
on new technical data. The volume presents the results of wind
tunnel simulations of water monitors and a surrogate gas for
HF to quantify the effect of water spray release configuration
variables on the performance of multiple water monitors. Final
rept. See also PB93-149847 and PB93-149821. Prepared
in cooperation with Cermak Peterka Petersen, Inc., Fort Collins,
CO. Sponsored by Mobil Research and Development Corp., Princeton,
NJ./COMPLICATIONS |
NTIS/OTS0536404
EPA/OTS;
Doc #88-920002352 |
1992.
INITIAL
SUB: LETTER CONCERNING THE COHORT MORTALITY STUDY ON WORKERS
WHO WERE EMPLOYED DURING 1950-1973 AT THE HARSHAW CHEMICAL COMPANY
HARVARD-DENISON & ELYRIA PLANTS W-ATTACH |
ENGELHARD CORP
URANIUM FLUORIDE
HEALTH EFFECTS
EPIDEMIOLOGY |
NTIS/PB93-964121
Available
on Standing Order, deposit account required for all RODS is
$700 for U.S., Canada, and Mexico; all others $1,400. Deposit
required for each region, $200 U.S., Canada, and Mexico; all
others $400. Also available individually in paper copy or
microfiche.,
66p |
1992.
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA
Region 5): Alsco Anaconda Site, Gnadenhutten,
OH. (Second Remedial Action), September 1992.
Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. |
The 4.8-acre
Alsco Anaconda site is located in Gnadenhutten, Tuscarawas County,
Ohio, within the 50- and 100-year floodplains of the Tuscarawas
River. It consists of four source areas which contained FO19
waste (waste water treatment sludge) generated by the adjacent
aluminum products manufacturing facility. From 1965 through
1978, contamination at the Alsco Anaconda site occurred when
waste water and waste water treatment sludge (F019) from the
aluminum plant were disposed of in an unlined settling basin
(which consisted of tow impoundments) and a sludge pit. The
ROD addressed the contaminated ground water which constitutes
the second operable unit at the site. The
primary contaminants of concern affecting the ground water include
organics such as cyanide, fluoride, and bis (2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate; and metals including, chromium, and lead. Final
rept. See also PB90-162942. |
NTIS/DE93007394
3p |
1992.
Global
warming potential for SF(sub 6).
Authors:
Grossman AS
Wuebbles DJ
Lawrence
Livermore National Lab., CA.
Supporting
Agency: Department of Energy,
Washington, DC. |
Sulfur
hexaflouride (SF(sub 6)) is a trace gas in the atmosphere which,
due to its long lifetime of approximately 3200 years (Ravishankara,
1992), could contribute significantly, if concentrations grew
large enough, to concerns about global warming via the greenhouse
effect. According to Rinsland et al. (1990), SF(sub 6) is
widely used as an insulating gas in the high voltage electrical
equipment industry. While the present day concentration
of SF(sub 6) is small, Watson and Siddicoat (1985) show a linear
increase rate of 0.084 pptv/yr. between 1970 and 1984. This
increase coupled with the long lifetime of SF(sub 6) could,
over an extended period of time, cause measurable contributions
to global warming concerns. In a recent publication, an approximate
model for the calculation of the Global Warming Potentials (GWPs)
of trace gases in the atmosphere was described. The main purpose
of this paper is to use the GWP model to calculate the GWP of
SF(sub 6). |
NTIS/AD-A269
896/7
68p |
1992.
Review and Evaluation of the ADAM 2.1 Dispersion Model.
Author:
Kunkel BA
Phillips
Lab., Hanscom AFB, MA.
Supporting
Agency: Shared Bibliographic Input. |
ADAM 2.1
is a heavy gas, gaussian puff dispersion model which predicts
the hazard area resulting from the release of a toxic chemical.
The model takes into account: (1) the chemical reaction, if
any, that takes place when the chemical is released to the atmosphere;
(2) the gravitational slumping due to the high density of the
cloud (due to aerosol presence, temperature or molecular weight);
and, (3) the dispersion due to atmospheric turbulence. Sixteen
different source types are modeled including instantaneous and
continuous releases, pressurized liquid and gas releases, and
non-pressurized liquid releases, cryogenic and non-cryogenic
liquid releases, and diked and undiked releases. The
chemical data base contains data on eight chemicals--ammonia,
chlorine, fluorine, hydrogen fluoride,
hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen tetroxide, phosgene, and sulfur dioxide.
This report gives a general review of the model structure and
its performance capabilities. A more detailed discussion of
the model physics can b [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/OTS0555687
EPA/OTS;
Doc #88-920010270 |
1992.
FLUORIDE AND CARBONYL FLUORIDE IN RATS WITH COVER LETTER DATED
10/15/92
Corporate
Name: HASKELL LABORATORY |
E I DUPONT DE NEMOURS & CO
HYDROGEN FLUORIDE AND CARBONYL FLUORIDE
HEALTH EFFECTS
ACUTE TOXICITY
MAMMALS
RATS
INHALATION
CAS Registry
Numbers:
353-50-4 (Carbonyl difluoride)
7664-39-3 (Hydrofluoric acid) |
NTIS/AD-A256
344/3
38p |
1992.
Metabolite Identification of Halon Replacement Compounds.
Authors:
Brashear WT
Ketcha MM
Pollard DL
Godin CS
Leahy HF
ManTech
Environmental Technology, Inc.,
Dayton, OH. |
Halon 121
1 is currently being used by the U.S. Air Force as a flight
line fire extinguishant. Because of health and environmental
concerns over ozone depletion, Halon 1211 must be phased out
by the year 2000. Before all interim replacement can be chosen,
the toxicity of prospective candidates needs to be evaluated.
This study has investigated the metabolism of the Halon replacement
candidates perfluorohexane (PFH) and the hydrochlorofluorocarbons
(HCFCs): HCFC-123, HCFC-124, and HCFC-142b. Fischer 344 and
Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed via inhalation to a 1% atmosphere
for 2 h. Tissues were analyzed for volatile metabolites, and
urine was analyzed for fluoride and carboxylic acid metabolites.
Animals exposed to HCFC-123 or IICFC-124 excreted trifluoroacetic
acid in their urine. The presence of trifluoroacetic acid indicates
oxidative metabolism of HCFC-123 and IICFC-124.
Increased fluoride was found in the urine of rats exposed to
HCFC-124. HCFC-142b was metabolized to chlorodifluoroacetic
ac [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/ASTM-D
3267-91
6p |
1992.
Separation and Collection of Particulate and Water-Soluble
Gaseous Fluorides in the Atmosphere (Filter and Impinger Method).
(ASTM Standard).
American
Society for Testing and Materials,
West Conshohocken, PA. |
This document
is available from NTIS under license from ASTM. This test method
is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-22 on Sampling
and Analysis of Atmospheres, and is the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Atmospheres and Source Emissions.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1991. Published February 1992.
Originally published as D3267-73 T. Last previous edition D3267-88.
Reapproved 1995. |
NTIS/PB93-149813
177p |
1991.
Effectiveness of Water Spray Mitigation Systems for Accidental
Releases of Hydrogen Fluoride. Volume
7. Computer Programs.
Authors:
Jones AE
Fthenakis VM
Schatz KW
Industry
Cooperative Hydrogen Fluoride Mitigationssessment Program.
Water Spray Subcommittee.
Mobil Research and Development Corp., Princeton, NJ.
Du Pont de Nemours (E.I.) and Co., Wilmington, DE. |
The hazards
of hydrogen fluoride (HF) have long been recognized. Standard
operating practices focused on minimizing the possibility of
a release and mitigating the effects if a release should occur.
These practices are continually monitored and improved to maximize
safety protection based on the available technical data. The
recent program targeted further improvements based on new technical
data. The volume contains 2 computer codes to calculate efficiencies
of a water spray system interacting with an unconfined HF aerosol
cloud. One program SPRYDN, is for a downward-directed spray.
The other, program SPRYUP, is for a spray directed upwards.
Although they include a number of common subroutines, the two
programs are independent. The report describes the computer
models, compares the model predictions with the Nevada test
results, presents a parametric study of the major variables
and provides detailed instructions for running the program.
Final rept. See also PB93-149821
and DE90007134.Color i [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/DE93000952
232p |
1991.
HGSYSTEM:
Dispersion models for ideal gases and hydrogen fluoride tutorial
and quick reference guide.
Author:
Witlox HWM
EG
and G Energy Measurements, Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
Industry Cooperative Hydrogen Fluoride Mitigationssessment
Program (United States). Ambient Impact Assessment Subcommittee.
Shell Research Ltd., Chester (United Kingdom). Thornton Research
Centre. |
The thermodynamic
behavior of hydrogen fluoride when diluted with air, particularly
moist air, is very different from that of a simple ideal gas.
The gas-air mixture can, depending on conditions, be denser
than ambient air or substantially less dense than air. This
behavior of an HF cloud would have a major influence on the
dispersion behavior of HF in the atmosphere if it were released
accidentally. For gases such as LNG thermodynamic effects must
be included in dispersion models in order to accurately simulate
such releases. Because of the unique thermodynamic properties
of HF, it was felt that those properties would be important
in accurately simulating an HF release. This program identified
three major areas in which substantial uncertainties existed
in previous models: (1) the modeling of the complex thermodynamics
of HF(sub 2)O/Air mixtures (including aerosol effects on cloud
density); (2) the treatment of a wide range of surface roughness
conditions (including possible multiple surface ro [abstract
truncated] |
NTIS/DE91015663
61p |
1991.
Biological
studies in the impact zone of the Liquefied Gaseous Fuels
Spill Test Facility in Frenchman Flat, Nevada.
Authors:
Hunter RB
Saethre MB
Medica PA
Greger PD
Romney EM
Reynolds
Electrical and Engineering Co., Inc.,
Las Vegas, NV.
Sponsored
by Department of Energy, Washington,
DC. |
Desert
shrubs and rodents were monitored downwind of the Department
of Energy Liquefied Gaseous Fuels Spill Test Facility (LGF),
which is situated on a dry lake bed (playa). Plants were censused
in 1981 and 1986 through 1990; rodent survival was measured
from 1986 through 1990. During that time there were no apparent
effects of the spill tests on animals or plants off the edge
of the playa, which extends more than 2.5 kilometers from the
facility. Plant populations increased in volume from 1981 through
1986, then declined precipitously during drought in 1989 and
1990. Rodent populations also declined during the drought. Some
effects of spilled hydrogen fluoride gas
were seen on plants growing on manmade mounds on the
playa surface. Animal and bird species seen in the vicinity
of the LGF are also reported. 11 refs., 10 figs., 16 tabs. |
NTIS/PB95-963517
178p |
1991.
Superfund
Analytical Methods for Low Concentration Water for Inorganics
Analysis.
Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. |
The report
includes procedures for analyzing samples from drinking water
wells and ground water supplies. The method contains reporting
and deliverables requirements. Target Analyte List, Contract
Required Detection Limits and analytical methods for metals,
cyanide, fluoride and NO23-N./ULTRASONOGRAPHY |
Two
reports, same title:
NTIS/DE92784566
U.S.
Sales Only.
139p
also
NTIS/TIB/B92-01519
145p |
1991.
(Diode
laser photometer for process gas analysis in the near infrared).
Author:
Cerff K
Kernforschungszentrum
Karlsruhe G.m.b.H. (Germany, F.R.). Koordinationsstelle Technologietransfer.
Karlsruhe Univ. (T.H.) (Germany). Fakultaet fuer Elektrotechnik. |
A process
photometer for the near infrared is designed taking into account
the spectral properties of eligible heteropolar molecular compounds
as well as the properties exhibited by commercially available
diode lasers for communication engineering at 1.3 and 1.5 (mu)m,
respectively. Compared with the conventional systems, this new
process photometer has a high selectivity. Two frequency tuning
methods are investigated. On the basis of the values measured,
the method suitable for the InGaAs(P) diode lasers is determined.
This method is then compared with that used for cooled lead
salt diode lasers. A special method for
the calculation of the hydrogen fluoride concentration with
a reduced expenditure is examined for the occurrence of an additional
water absorption line. This method is based on the use of the
computer already incorporated in the analog device version.
Subsequently, the analog device unit tested under operating
conditions in the stack of our industrial cooperation partner
is describ [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB92-193192
40p |
1991.
Optical
Diagnostics for Trace Species Detection in Natural Gas Combustion
Systems. Annual Report, November 1990-November 1991.
Author:
Vander Wal RL
Sandia
National Labs., Livermore, CA. Combustion Research Facility.
Supporting
Agency: Gas Research Inst., Chicago,
IL. |
Regulations
governing the emission of pollutants such as NO from natural
gas and other combustion systems are becoming increasingly more
stringent. The object of the research is to further develop
and utilize the recently realized sensitive spectroscopic capabilities
of degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) for measuring temperature
and concentrations of trace species such as NO. The detailed
information provided by the new optical diagnostic tool can
be used to help improve the authors' understanding of the combustion
chemistry and the fluid dynamics that control the behavior of
combustion systems. During the past year
the authors have been able to demonstrate the ability of DFWM
to detect a diatomic molecule, hydrogen fluoride (HF),
with high sensitivity using infrared radiation both as a low
pressure gas and a minor component in a mixture. Measurements
have also been made of the details of the DFWM NO spectra using
ultraviolet radiation to help develop and validate spectroscopic
models that will [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/NUREG-1391
18p |
1991.
Chemical
Toxicity of Uranium Hexafluoride Compared to Acute Effects
of Radiation.
Author:
McGuire SA
Nuclear
Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC. Office of Nuclear Regulatory
Research. |
The chemical
effects from acute exposures to uranium hexafluoride are compared
to the nonstochastic effects from acute radiation doses of 25
rems to the whole body and 300 rems to the thyroid. The analysis
concludes that an intake of about 10 mg of uranium in soluble
form is roughly comparable, in terms of early effects, to an
acute whole body dose of 25 rems because both are just below
the threshold for significant nonstochastic effects. Similarly,
an exposure to hydrogen fluoride at a concentration of 25 mg/cu
m for 30 minutes is roughly comparable because there would be
no significant nonstochastic effects. For
times t other than 30 minutes, the concentration C of hydrogen
fluoride considered to have the same effect can
be calculated using a quadratic equation: C = 25 mg/cu m (30
min/t)(sup 0.5). The purpose of these analyses is to provide
information for developing design and siting guidelines based
on chemical toxicity for enrichment plants using uranium hexafluoride.
These guidelines are t [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/N92-11619/3
1p |
1991.
Toxicity
Assessment of Combustion Products in Simulated Space Cabins
(Abstract Only).
Authors:
Ushakov VF
Solomin GI
Savina VP
Pashin SS
Marchenko LV
Joint
Publications Research Service, Arlington, VA.
Supporting
Agency: National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, Washington, DC. |
The toxicity
of the combustion products of polymers used in transformers
was assessed on outbred albino rats and mice in simulated space
cabins. Polyamide-6 and getinaks represented 81.4 pct. of the
polymers in the transformer by weight. The resultant data indicated
that within the testing parameters, unambiguous toxicity was
lacking. It also became apparent that tests reflecting function
of the nervous system are the most sensitive indicators of toxicity.
Furthermore, tolerance of combustion products may be best assessed
by determining the level of hepatic detoxication. The
experiments also showed that within a cabin volume of 80 cu
m, the concentrations of the most toxic products (hydrocyanic
acid, carbon monoxide, ammonia, hydrogen fluoride, and formaldehyde)
produced by a transformer fire remained below threshold limit
values. Smaller cabins, accordingly, would present greater toxicity
risks even on short term exposure. In Its Jprs Report:
Science and Technology. Ussr: Life Sciences p 4. Tr [abstract
truncated] |
NTIS/ASTM-D
3268-91
6p |
1991.
Separation
and Collection of Particulate and Gaseous Fluorides in the
Atmosphere (Sodium Bicarbonate-Coated Glass Tube and Particulate
Filter Method). (ASTM Standard).
American
Society for Testing and Materials,
West Conshohocken, PA. |
This document
is available from NTIS under license from ASTM. DoD adopted.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
D-22 on Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres and is the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Atmospheres
and Source Emissions. Current edition approved July 15, 1991.
Published October 1991. Originally published as D3268-73T. Last
previous edition D3268-89. |
NTIS/ASTM-D
3266-91
6p |
1991.
Automated
Separation and Collection of Particulate and Acidic Gaseous
Fluoride in the Atmosphere (Double Paper Tape Sampler Method).
(ASTM Standard).
American
Society for Testing and Materials,
West Conshohocken, PA. |
This document
is available from NTIS under license from ASTM. DoD adopted.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
D-22 on Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres and is the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on Ambient Atmospheres
and Source Emissions. Current edition approved March 15, 1991.
Published May 1991. Originally published as D3266-73T. Last
previous edition D3266-79e1. |
EPA/OTS;
Doc #FYI-OTS-0290-0741 |
1990.
NTP
SODIUM FLUORIDE STUDIES IN MICE AND RATS WITH COVER SHEET
AND LETTER DATED 02/08/90
NATL
TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM |
DEPT HEALTH
& HUMAN SERVICES
SODIUM FLUORIDE
HEALTH EFFECTS
CHRONIC TOXICITY
COMBINED CHRONIC TOXICITY/CARCINOGENICITY
MAMMALS
RATS
ORAL
MICE |
NTIS/PB91-178137
452p |
1990.
Toxicology
and Carcinogenesis Studies of Sodium Fluoride (CAS No. 7681-49-4)
in F344 Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Drinking Water Studies).
National
Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC. |
Groups
of 80 F344 rats and B6C3F(1) mice of each sex received 0 or
175 ppm sodium fluoride and groups of 50 rats and mice of each
sex received 25 or 100 ppm sodium fluoride in deionized drinking
water ad libitum for up to 103 weeks. Under the conditions of
these 2-year dosed water studies, there was equivocal evidence
of carcinogenic activity of sodium fluoride in male F344/N rats,
based on the occurrence of a small number of osteosarcomas in
dosed animals. 'Equivocal evidence' is a category for uncertain
findings defined as studies that are interpreted as showing
a marginal increase of neoplasms that may be related to chemical
administration. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity
in female F344/N rats receiving sodium fluoride at concentrations
of 25, 100, or 175 ppm (11, 45 or 79 ppm fluoride) in drinking
water for 2 years. There was no evidence of carcinogenic activity
of sodium fluoride in male or female mice receiving sodium fluoride
at concentrations of 25, 100, 175 ppm in drinkin [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/DE93000953
690p |
1990.
Development
and validation of atmospheric dispersion models for ideal
gases and hydrogen fluoride. Part 1, Technical reference manual.
Authors:
McFarlane K
Prothero A
Puttock JS
Roberts PT
Witlox HWM
EG
and G Energy Measurements, Inc.,
Las Vegas, NV.
Shell Research Ltd., Chester (United
Kingdom). Thornton Research Centre. |
The
thermodynamic behavior of hydrogen fluoride when diluted with
air, particularly moist air, is very different from that of
a simple ideal gas. The
gas-air mixture can, depending on conditions, be denser than
ambient air or substantially less dense than air. This behavior
of an HF cloud would have a major influence on the dispersion
behavior of HF in the atmosphere if it were released accidentally.
For gases such as LNG thermodynamic effects must be included
in dispersion models in order to accurately simulate such releases.
Because of the unique thermodynamic properties of HF, it was
felt that those properties would be important in accurately
simulating an HF release. This program identified three major
areas in which substantial uncertainties existed in previous
models: (1) the modeling of the complex thermodynamics of HF(sub
2)O/Air mixtures (including aerosol effects on cloud density);
(2) the treatment of a wide range of surface roughness conditions
(including possible multiple surface ro [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/N92-15451/7
8p |
1990.
Assessment
of Effects on Vegetation of Degradation Products from Alternative
Fluorocarbons.
Authors:
Mccune DC
Weinstein LH
Boyce
Thompson Inst. for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY.
Supporting
Agency: National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, Washington, DC. |
Concern
with the effects of fluorides on plants has been devoted to
that resulting from dry deposition (mainly with reference to
gaseous HF and secondarily with particulate forms). The occurrence
of precipitation as rain or mist and the presence of dew or
free water on the foliage has mainly been considered with respect
to their effects on the accumulation of air-borne fluoride and
not with fluoride in wet deposition. That is, precipitation
has been viewed primarily with respect to its facilitation of
the solution and subsequent absorption of deposits by the foliar
tissues or its elution of deposited fluoride from foliage. Accordingly,
our evaluation of inorganic fluoride from fluorocarbon degradation
rests upon a comparison with what is known about the effects
of industrial emissions and what could be considered the natural
condition. In NASA, Washington, Scientific Assessment of Stratospheric
Ozone: 1989, Volume 2. Appendix: Afeas Report p 461-469. |
NTIS/OTS0000607-2
EPA/OTS;
Doc #FYI-OTS-0890-0607 |
1990.
ACUTE
INHALATION TOXICITY OF HYDROGEN FLUORIDE IN RATS (FINAL
REPORT) WITH ATTACHMENTS AND COVER LETTER DATED 08/23/90
Corporate
Name: HASKELL LABORATORY |
Hydrogen
Fluoride was evaluated for acute inahalation toxicity in groups
of 4 male Crl:CDBR rats exposed to the test material at concentrations
of 950, 1550, 1690, 1730, 1800, 2030, 2040, 2260, 2420, and
2730 ppm in low humidity and 1290, 1940, 2060, 2200, 2210, 2490,
and 2620 ppm in high humidity for one hour. The use of controls
was not specified. The animals were observed for 14 days post-treatment.
Clinical observations after exposure include respiratory distress
(labored breathing, lung noise or gasping), oral, nasal and
ocular discharges, corneal opacity, shut or partially closed
eyes, facial hair loss, nasal, facial and ear erosion/necrosis,
lethargy, hunched posture, yellow- or brown-stained perineum,
and piloerection. Gross examination of sections of the nose,
larynx/pharnyx, trachea and lungs was conducted. One day after
exposure, pathologic injury was limited exclusively to the anterior
section of the nose. Nasal injury was characterized by extensive
necrosis of respiratory epithelium with inflammation and vascular
thrombosis in adjacent submucosal tissues. No compound related
injuries were observed in the trachea or the lungs. Histopathological
examination revealed an acute inflammatory response and fibrin
thrombi within blood vessels in submucosal tissue adjacent to
the necrotic epithelium. Squamous metaplasia of respiratory
epithelium was present in the anterior section of the nose in
all animals from both groups. Mortality data was not specified.
The study concluded that the LC50 for dry and humid air, calculated
by probit analysis, were 2240 and 2340 ppm respectively. |
NTIS/AD-A226
311/9
50p |
1990.
Compliance
Testing of the Hydrogen Fluoride Ion Cleaning Facility,
Kelly AFB, Texas.
Author:
Scott PT
Air
Force Occupational and Environmental Health Lab., Brooks AFB,
TX. |
Source
Emission Testing was conducted on the Kelly
AFB Fluoride Ion Cleaning Facility, Building 339 during
April 1990. The fluoride emission rate was determined during
normal operation. The facility was found to be in compliance
with their Texas Air Control Board Construction Permit S-17940.
Keywords: Emission testing, Air quality, Fluoride, Environmental
safety. (js) Final rept. |
NTIS/TIB/B91-02061
270p |
1990.
(Annual
report on air hygiene, 1989).
Bayerisches
Landesamt fuer Umweltschultz, Munich (Germany, F.R.). |
The Bavarian
Office for Environmental Protection operates a number of measuring
stations for immissions and air hygiene monitoring. Continuous
monitoring and air sample measurements are evaluated for SO
sub 2 , CO, NO, NO sub 2 , hydrocarbons with and without methane,
ozone, H sub 2 S, dust, sulphur, and,
in some cases, fluorides. Also measured are data on wind
directions and velocities, relative humidity, pressure, and
global radiation; these meteorological data are important for
assessing pollutant distributions. In late 1989, the monitoring
network comprised 70 monitoring stations and one special measuring
station. In addition, 6 further monitoring stations in the Bavarian
northern Alpine region were operated by Fraunhofer Institute
for Atmospheric Environment Research on behalf of the Bavarian
Minister of Regional Development and Environmental Affairs.
Another monitoring station in the center of Nuremberg city is
operated by the Nuremberg Office for Chemical Analysis. The
findings of the mea [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/DE93000954
538p |
1990.
Development
and validation of atmospheric dispersion models for ideal
gases and hydrogen fluoride. Part 2, HGSYSTEM program user's
manual.
Authors:
Witlox HWM
McFarlane K
Rees FJ
Puttock JS
EG
and G Energy Measurements, Inc.,
Las Vegas, NV.
Industry Cooperative Hydrogen Fluoride
Mitigationssessment Program (United States). Ambient Impact
Assessment Subcommittee.
Shell Research Ltd., Chester (United Kingdom). Thornton Research
Centre. |
The
thermodynamic behavior of hydrogen fluoride when diluted with
air, particularly moist air, is very different from that of
a simple ideal gas. The
gas-air mixture can, depending on conditions, be denser than
ambient air or substantially less dense than air. This behavior
of an HF cloud would have a major influence on the dispersion
behavior of HF in the atmosphere if it were released accidentally.
For gases such as LNG thermodynamic effects must be included
in dispersion models in order to accurately simulate such releases.
Because of the unique thermodynamic properties of HF, it was
felt that those properties would be important in accurately
simulating an HF release. This program identified three major
areas in which substantial uncertainties existed in previous
models: (1) the modeling of the complex thermodynamics of HF(sub
2)O/Air mixtures (including aerosol effects on cloud density);
(2) the treatment of a wide range of surface roughness conditions
(including possible multiple surface ro [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/AD-A237
945/1
148p |
1990.
Hydrogen Fluoride and Fluorine Dispersion Models Integration
Into the Air Force Dispersion Assessment Model. Volume 1.
Author:
Raj PK
Technology
and Management Systems, Inc., Burlington, MA. |
Hydrogen
fluoride and fluorine are two of the chemicals that are handled,
transported, and used by the U.S. Air Force. Because of the
need to develop contingency planning to manage potential accidents
involving the release of either of these two toxic chemicals,
dispersion models have been developed and integrated into the
Air Force Dispersion Assessment Model ( ADAM ) system. The thermodynamic
aspects of the AF polymerization reaction and dissociation when
mixed with air have been modeled and considered in dispersion
calculations. The dispersion results have been compared with
test results from the Goldfish Series of field tests. The agreement
is good between predicted and measured parameters such as cloud
temperature, cloud width, and downwind concentration. The mixing
of fluorine with ambient air has been modeled. Dispersion results
for Fluorine are presented; however, due to the absence of any
field data, no verification of predicted results are possible.
Final rept. 1 Mar 89-30 Nov 90. |
NTIS/OTS0526018
EPA/OTS;
Doc #86-900000441 |
1990.
GEOHYDROLOGIC EVALUATION OF DU PONT - CORPUS CHRISTI WORKS WITH
COVER LETTER AND INTERIM REPORT |
E I DUPONT DENEMOURS INC
CHLOROFORM (67-66-3)
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
MONITORING |
NTIS/OTS0524020
EPA/OTS;
Doc #88-900000086 |
1990.
PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY STUDY OF ALCOA WORKERS (1980-1987) WITH
COVER LETTER DATED 03/29/90 |
ALUMINUM
COMPANY OF AMERICA
CARBON OXIDES
HEALTH EFFECTS
EPIDEMIOLOGY
CAS Registry Numbers:
57-12-5
1344-28-1
7446-09-5
7631-86-9
7664-41-7
7803-51-2
8007-45-2
15096-52-3
16984-48-8 (Fluoride ion)
64741-79-3 |
NTIS/PB90-241977
9p |
1990.
Health Assessment for U.S. Nameplate Company, Mt. Vernon,
Iowa, Region 7
CERCLIS
No. IAD054758958.
Agency
for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
Atlanta, GA. |
The U.S.
Nameplate Company site is listed by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) on the National Priorities List (NPL). U.S. Nameplate
Company, Inc. manufactures nameplates by etching aluminum, brass,
and stainless steel. Liquid wastes from
the manufacturing processes are acidic and contain chromium,
copper, fluoride, hydrochloric
acid, hydrofluoric acid, and zinc.
USEPA performed a sampling inspection at the site in July-August
1985 and August 1986. In July-August 1985
twenty lagoon sludge samples, three lagoon surface water samples,
and three groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for
total metals, volatile organics, fluorides,
cyanides and chromium VI. The detection limit was 500 microg/l
for lead and 50 microg/l for cadmium. The potential environmental
pathways of concern are groundwater, soil, sediment, surface
water, and air. The site is of potential public health concern
because of the potential risk to human health resulting from
the possible exposure to hazardous s [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB91-921442,
112p |
1990.
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA
Region 4): Harrisalm Bay Facility, Palm
Bay, Brevard County, FL. (First Remedial Action), June
1990.
Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response. |
The 345-acre
Harrisalm Bay Facility site is an electronics manufacturing
company in Palm Bay, Brevard County, Florida. Surrounding land
use is commercial, residential, and industrial. The site overlies
an unconsolidated aquifer, which is used by a public wellfield
located south of and downgradient of the site, from the 1950s
to 1967. In 1981, EPA identified VOCs in ground water wells
located south of the Government Systems facility. Ground water
contamination was attributed to several onsite incidents at
the Government Systems plant including two fires, which resulted
in the dumping of chemical vats, a broken acid/solvent line,
and spillage at drum storage areas. The
primary contaminants of concern affecting the ground water are
VOCs including TCE; metals including chromium and lead; and
other inorganics including fluoride. |
NTIS/PB90-244088
14p |
1990.
Health Assessment for Agrico Chemical
Company, Pensacola, Florida, Region 4.
CERCLIS
No. FLD980221857.
Florida
State Dept. of Health and Rehabilitative Services, Tallahassee.
Sponsored
by Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry, Atlanta, GA. |
The site
of the former Agrico Chemical Company covers an area of approximately
30 acres. Based on the available information, it has been concluded
this site is of potential public health concern because of the
risk to human health from exposure to hazardous substances at
concentrations that may result in adverse health effects. As
noted in the Environmental Contamination and Physical Hazards
sections, human exposure to arsenic, chromium, fluoride, nitrate,
and benzene may occur through contact with contaminated ground
water; human exposure to fluoride may
occur through contact with sediments and surface water in on-site
impoundments. Air and edible plant and animal exposure
pathways were not addressed in the information reviewed for
this Preliminary Health Assessment. Preliminary rept. |
NTIS/PB90-222530
13p |
1990.
Health Assessment for Alcoa (Vancouver
Smelter), Vancouver, Clark County, Washington, Region
10. CERCLIS No. WAD009045279.
Agency
for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
Atlanta, GA. |
The ALCOA
(also known as Vancouver Smelter) site, located on the northern
bank of the Columbia River about 4 miles west of Interstate
5 in Vancouver, Clark County, Washington, has been proposed
for the National Priorities List. The site consists of three
waste piles containing about 66,000 tons of waste (spent potlinings
and alumina insulation) that were deposited on the north bank
of the Columbia River by ALCOA between 1973 and 1981. ALCOA
has since sold the aluminum smelter to another company, VANALCO.
The contaminants detected in the groundwater in the area surrounding
the piles include cyanide, fluoride, and trichloroethene (TCE).
The ALCOA site is of potential public health concern because
humans may be exposed to hazardous substances at concentrations
that may result in adverse health effects. Final
rept. |
NTIS/OTS0522307
EPA/OTS;
Doc #86-900000075 |
1990.
ENDANGERMENT ASSESSMENT FOR NECCO PARK NIAGARA FALLS, NEW
YORK (FINAL REPORT) WITH ATTACHED
APPENDIX, COVER SHEET AND LETTER DATED 01/30/90
WOODWARD-CLYDE
CONSULTANTS
|
CAS
Nos. too many to list but inlcudes
16984-48-8
(Fluoride ion) |
NTIS/PB92-100379
Also
available in set of 27 reports PC E99/MF E99, PB92-100361.
190p |
1990.
Acidic Deposition: State of Science and Technology. Report
1. Emissions Involved in Acidic Deposition Processes.
Authors:
Placet M
Battye RE
Barnard WR
Gillette DA
Johnson TC
National
Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, Washington, DC. |
Acidic
deposition studies require data on emissions of sulfur dioxide
(SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and volatile organic compounds
(VOCs)--the primary chemical compounds involved in acidic deposition
processes--as well as data on other compounds involved in acid-base
chemistry, such as ammonia, alkaline dust particles, primary
sulfates, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen
fluoride. The National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program (NAPAP) and other research organizations have developed
emissions inventories and emissions trends estimates, some of
which are at a very resolved level of spatial, temporal, and
species-component detail. These inventories and estimates are
needed to support models such as the Regional Atmospheric Deposition
Model and policy-oriented studies. Since most of the emissions
values are estimated, not measured, they are subject to uncertainty.
Final rept. Also available from Supt. of Docs. See also Report
2, PB92-100387.Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
Counci |
NTIS/PB90-191784
250p |
1990.
Analysis of Acid Precipitation Samples Collected by State
Agencies: January-December 1988.
Author:
Shepard LS
Global
Geochemistry Corp., Canoga Park, CA. |
The report
presents analytical data from the 30 acid precipitation collection
sites in the State-Operated Network. Samples are collected weekly
in plastic bag liners and shipped in 500 mL polyethylene bottles
to Global Geochemistry Corporation (the central laboratory for
the network). The report contains maps showing the location
of each site, plots of analytical data, tables of all field
and analytical data, plots comparing field and laboratory pH
and conductivity, and information on data quality. Samples are
analyzed for pH, strong acid, conductivity, fluoride, chloride,
nitrite, phosphate, bromide, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, sodium,
potassium, calcium, and magnesium. The central laboratory renders
technical assistance to the collection sites on problems concerning
pH and conductivity. Each of the 11 participating state agencies
receives analytical reports for the samples analyzed the previous
month. Analyte concentration data are sent to the Acid Deposition
System (ADS) for inclusion in the [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/DE90011152
Portions
of this document are illegible in microfiche products.
17p |
1990.
Emissions involved in acidic deposition processes: Methodology
and results.
Author:
Placet M
Argonne
National Lab., IL. |
Data on
the emissions involved in atmospheric acid-base chemistry are
crucial to the assessment of acidic deposition and its effects.
Sulfur dioxide (SO(sub 2)), nitrogen oxides (NO(sub x)), and
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the primary chemical compounds
involved in acidic deposition processes. In addition, other
emission species -- e.g., ammonia, alkaline dust particles,
hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen fluoride -- are involved in
atmospheric acid-base chemistry, either by contributing acidic
constituents or by neutralizing acidic species. Several emissions
data bases have been developed under the auspices of the National
Acid Precipitation Program (NAPAP). In addition to those developed
by NAPAP, emissions data bases and emissions trends estimates
also have been developed by organizations such as the Electric
Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA). This paper briefly describes and compares the
methods used in developing these emissions data b [abstract
truncated] |
NTIS/PB92-100544
Also
available in set of 27 reports PC E99/MF E99, PB92-100361.
224p |
1990.
Acidic Deposition: State of Science and Technology. Report
18. Response of Vegetation to Atmospheric Deposition and Air
Pollution.
Authors:
Shriner DS
Heck WW
McLaughlin SB
Johnson DW
Irving PM
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, Washington,
DC.
Council on Environmental Quality, Washington, DC.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. Environmental Sciences Div.
Nevada Univ. System, Reno. Biology Sciences Center. |
Air pollutants
have been recognized as stress factors for vegetation for well
over a century. Historically, problems
were associated with localized effects around point sources
of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride.
Regional-scale vegetation damage by photochemical oxidants
has been recognized for approximately 40 years, and the potential
for regional-scale impacts of acidic precipitation on terrestrial
ecosystems has been recognized for about 20 years. The document
summarizes the mechanisms by which crop and forest vegetation
respond to stress in the form of gaseous air pollutants and
acidic precipitation. The adequacy of existing data, and the
uncertainties associated with use of the data for regional-scale
assessment are evaluated. Methods for developing such an assessment
given the current state of science are discussed. Major challenges
remain in the areas of interpretation of research results from
controlled exposure experiments in terms of their relevance
to either ag [abstract truncated] |
|