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Due
to the number of reports, the following
are the categories we present them.
(Note: these reports were cited on Toxline
at Toxnet in April 2005) |
Fluoride
(all reports except Canada) |
Fluoride:
CANADA |
Fluoride
in the
Nuclear Industry |
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Note:
many of the
Canadian communities
cited in these reports
border the US. |
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- |
- |
Note:
this is a selected
list of reports. |
NTIS
Reports can be ordered by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S.
customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900;
and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5285 Port
Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.
|
Order
Number
Source
Number |
Date
Published / Title / Author & Affiliation / Sponsor Agency |
Abstract
/Keywords |
NTIS/DE85752360
U.S. Sales
Only.
161p |
1985.
Concentrations of 15 Trace Elements in Some Selected Adult
Human Tissues and Body Fluids of Clinical Interest from Several
Countries: Results from a Pilot Study for the Establishment
of Reference Values.
Author:
Iyengar GV
Kernforschungsanlage
Juelich G.m.b.H. (Germany, F.R.). Inst. fuer Medizin. |
Over
60 investigators, many of them with an outstanding international
reputation as analysts were requested for reliable data from
their countries on elemental concentrations in normal adult
human samples of clinical interest. A set of samples consisting
of whole blood, blood serum, erythrocytes, urine, milk, liver
and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological
significance: As, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, F,
I, Fe, Pb, Mn, Hg, Mo, Ni, Se and Zn. The results represent
wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global
regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South and Central Americas,
Australia and New Zeeland. This survey even if qualitative,
has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of the trace
element scenario around the world. It is of course recognized
that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the
distribution pattern of several elements such as As, Cd, Mn,
Pb, Se and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information
on soil status of differ
Keywords:
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Fluorides
Human Populations
Iodides
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Zinc |
NTIS/PB86-162393
16p |
1985.
Toxicity of Sodium Fluoride to the Postnatally Developing
Rat Kidney.
Authors:
Daston GP
Rehnberg BF
Carver B
Kavlock RJ
Health
Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC. |
The
adult rat kidney is an important target organ for sodium fluoride;
however, the toxicity of fluoride to the developing kidney is
unknown.
The study examined renal function following NaF exposure during
the first four weeks after birth. Sprague-Dawley rats received
a single ip injection of 0, 30, or 48 mg/kg NaF on postnatal
day 1, 8, 15 or 29. Alterations in renal function, histology
and morphology were determined 24, 38, and 120 hours after exposure.
Measurements of renal function included urine volume, osmolality,
the ability to concentrate urine during water deprivation, urinary
pH and chloride content. Rats were then sacrificed and their
kidneys processed for observation by light microscopy. Some
minor alterations in renal function were observed in the three
youngest age groups after NaF exposure. These changes included
decreased body weight after treatment with 30 or 48 mg/kg NaF
but increased kidney-body weight ratio in the 49 mg/kg group
on day 1; decreased urinary pH in both dose gro [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB93-115830
78p |
1985.
Economic
Assessment of Reducing Fluoride in Drinking Water.
Abt
Associates, Inc.,
Cambridge, MA.
Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of the Assistant
Administrator for Water. |
The
report assesses the economic impacts of reducing fluoride in
drinking water.
The principal elements of the report are: definition of the
fluoride contamination problem, review of regulatory alternatives,
assessment of the benefits of fluoride removal, assessment of
the costs of removing fluoride, analysis of regulatory flexibility
and paperwork requirements, and exploration of uncertainty in
the estimates of costs and benefits. |
NTIS/PB86-118163,
183p |
1985.
Drinking
Water Criteria Document for Fluoride.
Life
Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Supporting
Agency: Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Drinking Water. |
The Office
of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
has prepared a Drinking Water Criteria Document on Fluoride.
This Criteria Document is an extensive review of the following
topics: Physical and chemical properties of fluoride; Toxicokinetics
and human exposure to fluoride; Health Effects of fluoride in
humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxicity of fluoride; Quantification
of toxicological effects of fluoride. Scientific review. See
also PB85-199321. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water. |
NTIS/PB85-199321
191p |
1985.
Final Draft for the Drinking Water Criteria Document of Fluoride.
Life
Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Supporting
Agency: Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Drinking Water. |
The Office
of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) has prepared a Draft Criteria Document on Fluoride.
This Document is a preliminary draft which has not, as yet,
been formally released by the ODW, USEPA and should not be construed
at this stage to represent Agency Policy. This Draft Fluoride
Criteria Document is an extensive review of the following topics:
Physical and chemical properties of fluoride; toxicokinetics
and human exposure to fluoride; health effects of fluoride in
humans and animals; mechanisms of toxicity of fluoride; quantification
of fluoride toxicity. |
NTIS/OTS0206895
EPA/OTS;
Doc #878216228 |
1985.
EFFECTS OF ORGANOPHOSPHATES ON MONOCYTE NONSPECIFIC ESTERASE
ACTIVITY & PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONOCYTE FUNCTIONS -WITH COVER
LETTER DATED 12/09/85
Corporate
Name: JOHN HOPKINS UNIV |
GENERAL
ELEC CO
ARYL PHOSPHATES
HEALTH EFFECTS
BIOCHEMISTRY
MAMMALS
HUMANS
IN VITRO
CAS Registry
Numbers:
-- too many to list here; 7681-49-4 was included. |
NTIS/DE86702021
U.S. Sales
Only
10p |
1985.
Method for Routine Determination of Fluoride in Urine by Selective
Ion- Electrode.
Authors:
Pires MAF
Bellintani SA
Instituto
de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, Sao Paulo (Brazil). |
A simple,
fast and sensitive method is outlined for determining fluoride
in urine of workers who handle fluoride compounds. The determination
is based on the measurement of fluoride by ion selective electrode.
Cationic interferents like Ca sup ++ , Mg sup ++ , Fe sup +++
and Al sup +++ are complexed by EDTA and citric acid. Common
anions present in urine, such as Cl sup - , PO sup ---4 and
SO sup --4 do not interfere in the method. (Atomindex citation
17:022243) In Portuguese. |
NTIS/PB86-134020
86p |
1985.
Hydrogen Chloride and Hydrogen Fluoride Emission Factors for
the NAPAP (National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program)
Emission Inventory.
Authors:
Misenheimer DC
Battye RE
Clowers MR
Werner AS
GCA
Corp., Chapel Hill, NC. GCA Technology Div.
Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
Lab. |
The report
gives results of a study to develop emission factors for significant
sources of hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride. Information
developed in the report includes significant emission sources,
source descriptions, uncontrolled emission factors, controls
commonly used, and average control efficiencies. An assessment
of the accuracy of each efficiency factor is also included.
Final rept. Jul 83-85. |
NTIS/PB85-917015
39p |
1985.
Hazardous Materials Accident Report - Anhydrous Hydrogen Fluoride
Release from NATX 9408, Train No. BNEL3Y at Conrail's Receiving
Yard, Elkhart, Indiana, February
4, 1985.
National
Transportation Safety Board, Washington, DC. Bureau of Accident
Investigation. |
At 6:30
a.m., on February 4, 1985, an 'empty' placarded railroad tankcar,
containing an estimated 800 gallons of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride,
a corrosive liquid, was found leaking in the Consolidated Rail
Corporation's Elkhart, Indiana Receiving Yard. During the following
4 hours as local emergency response agencies worked to contain
the spill, a vapor cloud formed and traveled
approximately 2 1/2 miles affecting nearby residential areas
northwest of the yard. A total of 1,500 people within
a 1.1-square-mile area adjacent to and northwest of the yard
were evacuated for 9 hours as an emergency precaution. Local
area hospitals treated 75 persons for minor skin and eye irritations.
The National Transportation Safety Board determines that
the probable cause of the accident was the decision by Burlington
Northern to continue in transportation a tankcar reported to
be leaking on February 3, 1985, at its Cicero, Illinois railroad
yard. The leak in the tankcar resulted from a failure
of the tankcar head [article truncated] |
NTIS/TIB/A89-80247
59p |
1985.
(Improvement of selected indication methods with plants for
the surveying network of air pollution in Lower Saxony. Pt.
1. Iris hollandica for
Authors:
Koester W
Merkel D
Landwirtschaftskammer
Hanover, Hameln (Germany, F.R.). Landwirtschaftliche Untersuchungs-
und Forschungsanstalt. |
Verification
of a biological monitoring method for heavy metal accumulation
with Iris hollandica. With Iris hollandica, fluoride immissions
can be registered proportionally as with rye grass. Fluoride
concentrations in the dry matter of rye grass, however, are
always greater than in Iris hollandica. Cultivation of Iris
hollandica in soil is advantageous as compared to cultivation
in hydroponic. The exposition of Iris plants, aged 6-8 weeks,
for a period of 14 days is recommended. There were positive
results from experiments to monitor the deposition of lead and
cadmium with this method. Effects of fluoride immissions on
the fruit trees apple, pear and plum in the neighborhood of
an aluminium plant were investigated. (orig.). (Copyright (c)
1989 by FIZ. Citation no. 89:080247.) In German,With 26 tabs.,
8 figs./CONTRAINDICATIONS |
NTIS/AD-A177
817/4
80p |
1985.
Fundamental Studies in the Molecular Basis of Laser Induced
Retinal Damage.
Author:
Lewis A
Cornell
Univ., Ithaca, NY. School of Applied and Engineering Physics. |
This report
describes the advances made in work for the Ocular Hazards Program.
Research has seen the first application of femtosecond lasers
to the visual system. We have discovered that anions can activate
visual photoreceptors in the dark. One
anionic activator is the commonly used dental agent fluoride.
The data on in vitro preparations indicate that these
anions modulate photoreceptor biochemistry and may effect photoreceptors
sensitivity. The image of various elements in photoreceptors
and adjacent tissues were identified. The spatial images should
play important roles in extending our understanding of the fundamental
mechanisms of laser damage. Complementary techniques have been
developed to view, in light microscopy, actin filaments in photoreceptors.
The staining procedures we have developed can be applied to
study laser damaged retina. The protective nature of oil droplets
in the turtle has been studied. Data demonstrating rapid mechanical
motions in vertebrate photoreceptors has been [article truncated] |
NTIS/TIB/A88-82241
143p |
1985.
(Air pollution effects on wild plants in rural ecosystems.
Pt. 3. Sensitivity tests HF and SO sub 2 /HF; field study
near an e/CONTRAINDICATIONS
Authors:
Arndt U
Maier-Reiter W
Hohenheim
Univ., Stuttgart (Germany, F.R.). Inst. fuer Landeskultur
und Pflanzenokologie. |
Results
of methodical research concerning air pollution ecology and
of fumigation experiments and field studies on the sensitivity
of wild plants to HF are reported. The relative sensitivity
of 14 grass species to HF and the modifying influence of abiotic
and biotic environmental variables were determined, HF-induced
alternations of a greenland plant community were shown and the
relative sensitivity of 27 herbaceous wild plants to HF were
determined in a screening test. The effects
of HF and SO sub 2 alone and in combination were investigated.
As results of the field study quantitative relationships between
accumulated fluoride-content and injury were evaluated and applied
for the determination of the sensitivity of the species. (orig.).
(Copyright (c) 1988 by FIZ. Citation no. 88:082241.) In German,With
100 refs., 20 tabs., 29 figs./CONTRAINDICATIONS |
NTIS/DE87014160
Portions
of this document are illegible in microfiche products. Original
copy available until stock is exhausted.
50p |
1985.
Leachability of Retorted Oil Shale by Strong Complexometric
Agents.
Authors:
Esmaili E
Carroll RB
University
of Wyoming Research Corp., Laramie. Western Research Inst.
Supporting
Agency: Department of Energy,
Washington, DC. |
Extraction
of solid waste materials with complexometric agents may offer
a quick and effective method for assessing the potential long-term
release of hazardous chemical constituents. Complexometric agent
extraction may establish the maximum amount of elements of environmental
concern that can be released to the environment and the capability
of waste materials to release them. In this study, four samples
of directly (DH) and indirectly (IH) retorted
oil shales were extracted with deionized-distilled water
and strong complexometric agents. The complexometric agent solutions
were composed of 0.5M sodium citrate (citrate), 0.05M diethylenetriaminepentaacetic
acid (DTPA), and 0.05M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).
The water extracts were very alkaline with pH values ranging
from 11.0 to 11.8 for IH extracts and 12.2 to 12.8 for DH extracts.
Sodium, chloride, sulfate, and fluoride
were the predominant dissolved species in the IH water extracts.
The DH water extracts contained mainly sodium, c [article truncated] |
NTIS/PB86-206034
59p |
1985.
Nashua Impoundment Sediment Sampling, June 1985,
Author:
Carleton JE
Iowa
Dept. of Water, Air and Waste Management, Des Moines.
Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. |
The Iowa
Department of Water, Air and Waste Management sampled the sediment
of the Nashua Impoundment on the Cedar River in Chickasaw County
during June, 1985. The sediment samples were analyzed using
the Extraction Procedure (EP) Toxicity Test for eight heavy
metals and six pesticides. The samples
were also tested for total concentrations of cyanides,
phenols, fluorides, chlorides,
and eleven heavy metals. The sampling was done to determine
if the sediment has been contaminated by chemicals that may
have seeped out of the LaBounty hazardous waste site in Charles
City, about ten miles upstream. |
NTIS/PB86-223526
25p |
1985.
Health Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 85-085-1615, Wyoming
High School, Wyoming, Ohio,
Author:
Zey JN
National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazard Evaluations and Technical Assistance Branch. |
Environmental
and breathing zone samples were analyzed for formaldehyde (50000),
metals, organic solvents, inorganic fluorides
crystalline silica (7631869) at Wyoming High School (SIC-8210),
Wyoming, Ohio in January and February, 1985. The evaluation
was requested by the principal to investigate chemical exposures
in the art and biology departments. |
NTIS/PB86-133758
41p |
1985.
Health Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 81-369-1591, HETA 81-466-1591,
Electric Machinery - McGraw Edison Company,
Minneapolis, Minnesota,
Authors:
Stephenson RL
Murphy DC
Habes DJ
National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. |
Environmental
and breathing zone samples were analyzed for amines, aliphatic
aldehydes, boron-trifluoride-monoethylamine (75230), epichlorohydrin
(106898), total volatile fluorides,
formaldehyde (50000), lead (7439921), methyl- tetrahydrophthalic-anhydride
(26590205), and n-butyl-glycidyl-ether (2426086) at Electric
MachinerycGraw Edison Company (SIC-3621), Minneapolis, Minnesota
in December, 1981 and February, 1983. The surveys were requested
by the union local because of irritative symptoms and respiratory
problems reported by employees exposed to epoxy resin compounds
and impregnated materials. The authors conclude that mucous
membrane irritation and dermatitis are common among workers
exposed to epoxy resins. A high prevalence of carpal tunnel
syndrome was also found. Recommendations include reducing formaldehyde
concentrations, using personal protective equipment and barrier
creams, and maintaining proper work practices and good personal
hygiene to minimize contact with epoxy resin material [abstract
truncated] |
NTIS/PB86-129913
76p |
1985. (Dermal Irritancyorrosion
of 20 Compounds in Aqueous Solutions),
Authors:
Loden M
Larsson R
Haeggqvist I
Karlsson N
Foersvarets
Forskningsanstalt, Umea (Sweden). |
The dermal
irritancy/corrosion of aqueous solutions of acetic acid, ammonia,
etylendiamine, formic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen
fluoride, morpholine, nitric acid, perchloric acid, phenol,
phosphoric acid, potassium dichromate, potassium hydroxide,
propionic acid, sodium bifluoride, sodium hydroxide, sodium
hypochlorite, sodium metasilicate, sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic
acid was tested using rabbits. The evaluation of skin reactions
were based upon the degree of erythema/eschar and/or oedema
observed at four occasions after the exposure. For the majority
of the compounds the irritation/corrosion was found to be proportional
to the concentration. Text in Swedish. |
NTIS/PB85-173086
119p |
1985.
Western Maryland Power Plant Siting Study: Air Quality Assessment
of Three Candidate Sites.
Authors:
Weil JC
Pierce TE
Corio LA
Martin
Marietta Environmental Systems, Columbia, MD.
Martin Marietta Labs., Baltimore, MD. |
This report
presents the detailed analyses of air quality impacts related
to three candidate sites under consideration in the Western
Maryland Power Plant Siting Study. Both EPA-approved and state-of-the-art
dispersion models were used to evaluate ground level concentrations
against NAAQS and PSD Class II limits for both flat and elevated
terrain areas. Candidate areas are described and stack and fugitive
emissions and plant operating parameters are provided.
Local meteorological data are used to predict ground level concentrations
for primary stack pollutants, fugitive dust and fluoride
levels. Visibility degradation and cooling tower moisture
effects are also evaluated. PSD Class II limits for SO2 could
be met at all candidate sites based on state-of-the-art modeling.
EPA-approved models indicate that both Washington County options
could realize greater potential emissions than the Frederick
County option. No difference is anticipated in visible cooling
tower plume frequency, salt deposition, [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB85-212215
6p
Journal
article, Pub. in Science, v277 p632-634, 8 Feb 85. |
1985.
Pollution Monitoring of Puget Sound with Honey Bees.
Authors:
Bromenshenk JJ
Carlson SR
Simpson JC
Thomas JM
Montana
Univ., Missoula. Gordon Environmental Studies Lab.
Supporting
Agency: Corvallis Environmental Research
Lab., OR. |
To show
that honey bees are effective biological monitors of environmental
contaminants over large geographic areas, beekeepers of Puget
Sound, Washington, collected pollen and bees for chemical analysis.
From these data, kriging maps of arsenic, cadmium, and fluoride
were generated. Results, based on actual concentrations of contaminants
in bee tissues, show that the greatest concentrations of contaminants
occur close to Commencement Bay and that honey bees are effective
as large-scale monitors. (Copyright (c) |
NTIS/AD-A170
200/0
33p |
1985.
Studies
of Organophosphate Effects on Retinal Physiology, Cell Biology
and Biochemistry.
Authors:
Reid TW
Stein PJ
Yale
Univ., New Haven, CT. School of Medicine.
Supporting
Agency: Air Force Office of Scientific
Research, Bolling AFB, DC. |
We have
approached the problem of DFP effects on the eye in several
ways: 1) Dose response curves for DFP inhibition of cellular
synthesis of DNA was studied in three different cell types.
2) Electroretinograms (ERG's) were recorded from isolated retinas
of Bufo marinus during superfusion with the compound. 3) Intracellular
recordings were made from rod photoreceptors in isolated retinas
while superfusing with NaF. 4) The effects
of fluoride on the protein-protein interactions and the enzymology
of the cyclic nucleotide cascade of rod outer segments were
studied. 5) DFP binding to rod outer segment and retinal
proteins was observed. 6) We have measured the transport of
DFP across the cornea. The data obtained show that both DFP
and fluoride alter various enzymatic and physiological functions
in cultured cells, the isolated retina, and rod outer segment
membranes. The data obtained in the project
reveal that both DFP and fluoride may alter ocular biochemistry
and physiology through other than cla [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB87-124392
6p |
1985.
Pesticide
Fact Sheet Number 51: Sulfuryl Fluoride.
Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesticide Programs. |
The document
contains up-to-date chemical information, including a summary
of the Agency's regulatory position and rationale, on a specific
pesticide or group of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after
one of the following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each special review
document, (3) Registration of a significantly changed use pattern,
(4) Registration of a new chemical, or (5) An immediate need
for information to resolve controversial issues relating to
a specific chemical or use pattern. |
NTIS/OTS0215254
EPA/OTS;
Doc #878221508 |
1984.
NONOCYTE NON-SPECIFIC ESTERASE DATA |
CONFIDENTIAL
ARYL PHOSPHATES
HEALTH EFFECTS
BIOCHEMISTRY
MAMMALS
HUMANS
IN VITRO
CAS Registry
Numbers:
7681-49-4 |
NTIS/PB86-222080
34p |
1984.
Formation of Soman (1,2,2-Trimethylpropyl Methylphosphonofluoridate)
via Fluoride-Induced Reactivation of Soman-Inhibited Aliesterase
in Rat Plasma,
Author:
de Jong LPA
Prins
Maurits Lab. TNO, Rijswijk (Netherlands). |
After incubation
(37C) of rat blood or plasma with the nerve agent soman, (CH3)3C(CH3)C(H)O(CH3)P(O)F,
(7.7 micromoles) for 10 min, only a small amount of this organophosphate
(7% or 1%, respectively) is left, as determined enzymatically
(acetylcholinesterase) and gas chromatographically. Comparison
of the results obtained with both analyses shows that this residual
soman consists only of its P(-)-isomers. Incubation (25C) at
pH 4.8-6.1 of such soman-treated rat blood or plasma with sodium
fluoride (2.5 mM) for 0.5 min leads to (i) a substantial increase
in the P(-)-soman concentration, and (ii) a (partial) reactivation
of the soman-inhibited aliesterase, proportional to the amount
of generated P(-)-soman. These results
indicate strongly that added fluoride ions regenerate soman
by a reversal of the inhibition reaction. From the relationship
between percentage of reactivation and increase in soman concentration
the aliesterase concentration in rat plasma is calculated as
2.6 micromoles. Summary [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB86-108552
165p |
1984.
Clinical Pharmacology Study of Intraoral Fluoride Releasing
Devices.
Authors:
Davidson WM
Kula K
Kula TJ
Parker E
Maryland
Univ. at Baltimore.
Sponsored
by National Inst. of Dental Research,
Bethesda, MD. |
Forty adolescent
subjects were each fitted with two fluoride releasing devices
fastened to molar teeth. One group was fitted with devices that
released .05 mg F/day; the other, 1.0 mg F/day. Devices were
tolerated well but breakage was a problem. The concentration
of fluoride in the saliva was elevated but not in serum. The
.05 group had elevated urine fluoride. The 1.0 group did not.
Fluoride concentration of plaque appeared elevated. Final
rept. 29
Sep 83-28 Dec 84, |
NTIS/PB84-870427
171p |
1984.
Fluoride
Toxicity. 1978-June, 1984 (Citations from the Life Sciences
Collection Data Base).
National
Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA. |
This bibliography
contains citations concerning the physiological effects of fluoride
ingestion in humans and animals. The beneficial and harmful
effects of fluoride are noted and the effects on teeth and bones,
toxicity studies and the pathology of fluoride toxicity are
considered. Industrial fluoride pollution and enflurane anesthetics
are discussed. (This updated bibliography contains 236 citations,
64 of which are new entries to the previous edition.) Rept.
for 1978-Jun 84. Supersedes PB82-859141. Prepared in cooperation
with Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Washington, DC. |
NTIS/PB86-222627
10p |
1984.
Preliminary
Survey Report: Control Technology for Manual Transfer of Chemical
Powders at Corning Glassworks, Harrodsburg, Kentucky
Author:
Godbey FW
National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.
Div. of Physical Sciences and Engineering. |
Health
hazard control methods, work processes, and existing control
technologies used in the manual transfer of chemical powders
were evaluated at Corning Glassworks (SIC-3851), Harrodsburg,
Kentucky in May, 1984. The company employed 300 workers involved
in the manufacture of ophthalmic glass lenses and glass sheets.
The main dry ingredients were silica,
lead, zinc, nickel, copper, arsenic, and fluorides.
The author does not recommend an in depth study of the control
technologies at this company since no unique state of the art
methods are used. |
NTIS/PB85-199313
67p |
1984.
Occurrence
of Fluoride in Drinking Water, Food, and Air (Draft).
JRB
Associates, Inc.,
McLean, VA. |
This Document
is a review of the available information on distribution of
the fluoride occurrence levels in drinking water. The occurrence
of fluoride in food and air are also reviewed. The Document
provides estimates of the relative exposures from these sources. |
NTIS/PB85-113991
102p |
1984.
Design
Manual: Removal of Fluoride from Drinking Water Supplies by
Activated Alumina.
Author:
Rubel F Jr
Rubel
and Hager, Inc.,
Tucson, AZ. |
This manual
is an in-depth presentation of the steps required to design
and operate a water treatment plant for the removal of excess
fluoride using the activated alumina method. A description of
the basic technology of fluoride removal by activated alumina
is included in addition to design examples and capital, operation
and maintenance costs associated with major cost variables.
Rept. for Jun 81-Jun 84, [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/DE86700473
U.S. Sales
Only
66p |
1984.
Toxicity
Levels to Humans During Acute Exposure to Hydrogen Fluoride.
Authors:
Halton DM
Dranitsaris P
Baynes CJ
Atomic
Energy Control Board, Ottawa (Ontario). |
A
literature review was conducted of the acute toxicity of hydrogen
fluoride (HF) with emphasis on the effects of inhalation of
gaseous HF.
The data and findings of the relevant references were summarized
under four categories: animal studies, controlled human studies,
community exposure and industrial exposure. These were critically
reviewed and then lethal concentration-time relationships were
developed for humans, corresponding to LCsub(LO), LCsub(10)
and LCsub(50) levels. The effects of age, health and other physiological
variables on the sensitivity to HF were discussed, as well as
antagonistic and synergistic effects with other substances.
(Atomindex citation 16:077051) |
NTIS/PB85-221117
95p |
1984.
In-Depth
Survey Report: Control Technology for the Microelectronics
Industry at Fairchild Semiconductor, South Portland, Maine,
Authors:
Ungers LJ
Mihlan GJ
Jones JH
National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati,
OH. Div. of Physical Sciences and Engineering.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH. |
An indepth
survey of control technology was conducted at Fairchild Semicotor
(SIC-3674), South Portland, Maine, during July and August, 1983.
The survey was part of an industrywide study of the microelectronics
industry. Industrial hygiene sampling was conducted for antimony
(7440360), arsenic-trioxide (1327533), arsine (7784421), boron
(7440428), hydrogen-fluoride (7664-39-3),
sulfuric-acid (7664939), nitric-acid (7697372), organic vapors,
and radiofrequency and X-ray emissions. Engineering controls
included automation of the process equipment, an automated gas
handling system, local exhaust and general ventilation, shielding
of the ion implantation process to reduce X-ray emissions, and
personal protective equipment. All chemical, radiofrequency,
and X-ray exposures were well below the relevant standards.
Maintenance personnel involved in removing ion sources or repairing
graphite components, however, were exposed to large emissions
of arsine. Amounts as high as 413 micrograms were detected.
The |
NTIS/PB85-220937
63p |
1984.
In-Depth
Survey Report: Control Technology for the Microelectronics
Industry at United Technologies Corporation's Mostek Facility,
Carrollton, Texas,
Authors:
Ungers LJ
Smith RK
Jones JH
National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.
Div. of Physical Sciences and Engineering.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH. |
An indepth
survey of control technology at United Technology MOSTEK facility
(SIC-3674), Carrollton, Texas, was conducted in December, 1983.
The survey was part of an industrywide study of the microelectronics
industry. Industrial hygiene sampling for arsine (7784421),
boron (7440428), hydrogen-fluoride (7664-39-3),
organic vapors, phosphine (7803512), and radiofrequency radiation
was conducted. Engineering controls included: an automated gas
handling system; general and local exhaust ventilation; personal,
area, and environmental monitoring including monitoring of the
ventilation systems; a gas monitoring systems designed specifically
to detect phosphine, arsine, and hydrogen (1333740) leakage;
monitoring of all equipment capable of emitting radiofrequency
radiation; and personal protective equipment. The authors note
that installing metal screens on viewing windows of the plasma
etchers should significantly reduce radiofrequency emissions.
Prepared in cooperation with PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., [abstract
truncated] |
NTIS/PB85-222883
94p |
1984.
In-Depth
Survey Report: Control Technology for Microelectronics Industry
at Xerox Corporation, Microelectronics Center, El Segundo,
California,
Authors:
Ungers LJ
Mihlan GJ
Jones JH
National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.
Div. of Physical Sciences and Engineering.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH. |
An indepth
survey of control technology at Xerox Corporation, Microelectronics
Center (SIC-3674), El Segundo, California was conducted in November,
1982. The survey was part of an industrywide study of exposures
in the microelectronics industry. Engineering controls included
general and exhaust ventilation, an automated gas handling system,
toxic and combustible gas monitoring systems, drain systems
for waste organic solvents, and lucite covers and metal mesh
screens across viewing ports to control ultraviolet and radiofrequency
emissions. Sampling was conducted for arsenic (7440382), arsine
(7784421) diborane (19287457), hydrogen-chloride (7647010),
hydrogen-fluoride (7664-39-3),
phosphine (7803512), organic solvent vapors, and ultraviolet
and radiofrequency emissions. All chemical exposures except
for hexamethyldisilazane (999973), for which there is no Federal
standard, were below their evaluation criteria. The authors
note that since employees spend no more than 1 or 2 minutes
near the plasma [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB84-223528
24p |
1984.
Reverse
Osmosis Treatment to Control Inorganic and Volatile Organic
Contamination,
Authors:
Sorg TJ
Love OT Jr
Municipal
Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. |
Because
of the versatility of reverse osmosis for removing a wide range
of contaminants, U.S. EPA (Drinking Water Research Division)
has been conducting laboratory and field studies to determine
its effectiveness on specific inorganic and organic contaminants
of concern to the water supply industry. Laboratory
and field studies for the removal of specific inorganic contaminants
have shown that most of the contaminants listed in the EPA drinking
water regulations are highly rejected (greater than 90%) while
a few contaminants, such as fluoride, nitrate, and arsenic III,
are only moderately rejected. Also, tests with different
membranes showed only minor differences in removals. Laboratory
studies using cellulose and nylon amide membranes have shown
less than 25% rejection of volatile organic compounds. A thin
film composite membrane, on the other hand, looked very encouraging
in short duration (less than 4 hours) tests for removing VOCs.
However, when the thin film composite membrane was exposed [abstract
truncated] |
NTIS/PB84-148378
21p |
1984.
Health
Hazard Evaluation Determination Report No. MHETA-81-108-9006,
Consolidation Coal Company, Central Machine Shop 20, Cadiz,
Ohio,
Authors:
Cornwell RJ
Hodgson M
National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV. |
Employee
exposure to welding fumes and solvents at the Consolidation
Coal Company Central Machine Shop 20 (SIC-1211), Cadiz, Ohio,
was investigated. The Mine Safety and Health Administration
(MSHA) requested the study following worker reports of alleged
excessive morbidity and mortality. The study was performed on
February 22 to 24, 1982. About 75 individuals were employed
at the shop. Personal and area air samples were collected. Airborne
concentrations of manganese (7439965), iron (7439896), fluorides,
ozone (10028156), nitrogen-dioxide (10102440), and carbon-monoxide,
(630080) were below applicable NIOSH recommended limits. Twenty
percent of the samples for chromium (VI) (18540299) exceeded
or equaled the NIOSH standard of 0.001 milligrams per cubic
meter (mg/m3), having values of 0.002 and 0.001mg/m3. Three
of eight nickel (7440020) samples obtained for welders in the
blacksmith shop showed time weighted averages of airborne nickel
in excess of the NIOSH standard of 0.015mg/m3. The authors c
[abstract truncated] |
NTIS/DE84015354
Portions
are illegible in microfiche products.
85p |
1984.
Report
on Toxicological Studies Concerning Exposures to UF sub 6
and UF sub 6 Hydrolysis Products.
Author:
Just RA
Oak
Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant, TN. |
This
report presents estimates of the toxicity of uranium and hydrogen
fluoride. Recommendations
for the use of this information in safety analysis reports are
given. 6 references, 2 figures, 4 tables. (ERA citation 09:038618) |
NTIS/NTN84-0349
1p |
1984.
Ion
Chromatography Monitors Environmental Waters: New technique
provides rapid results with high accuracy.
Department
of Energy, Washington, DC. |
This citation
summarizes a one-page announcement of technology available for
utilization. Analysis of fluoride, chloride,
nitrate, and sulfate anions in environmental
waters can now be made with comparable accuracy in one-sixth
the time required by currently accepted methods. The
four wet chemical tests now prescribed by the Environmental
Protection Agency for measuring these anions could be replaced
with a single application of ion chromatography. The technique
utilizes a combination of ion-exchange chromatography, eluent
suppression, and conductimetric detection. The anions are first
separated with a (HCO3(-)3(-2) eluent in an anion-exchange column,
then converted to their hydrogenated form in a cation-exchange
column. The ion-chromatography technique takes only 15 min per
sample and requires less sample preparation. |
NTIS/DE85770063
U.S. Sales
Only. Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products.
219p |
1984.
Pollutants
in the Environment.
Hohenheim
Univ., Stuttgart (Germany, F.R.). Dokumentationsstelle. |
The proceedings
volume contains 20 lectures describing the occurrence, the analysis
and the behaviour of various environmental pollutants, mainly
of heavy metals, chlorinated hydrocarbons, fluorides
etc. (ERA citation 10:009045) In German.Environmental
meeting on pollutants in the environment, Stuttgart, F.R. Germany,
10 Feb 1984.
Keywords:
Chlorinated Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Fluorides
Metals |
NTIS/DE86006341
35p |
1984.
Sampling,
Characterization, and Remote Sensing of Aerosols Formed in
the Atmospheric Hydrolysis of Uranium Hexafluoride.
Authors:
Bostick WD
McCulla WH
Pickrell PW
Oak
Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant, TN.
Supporting
Agency: Department of Energy,
Washington, DC. |
When
gaseous uranium hexafluoride (UF sub 6 ) is released into the
atmosphere, it rapidly reacts with ambient moisture to form
an aerosol of uranyl fluoride (UO sub 2 F sub 2 ) and hydrogen
fluoride (HF).
As part of our Safety Analysis program, we have performed several
experimental releases of HF sub 6 in contained volumes in order
to investigate techniques for sampling and characterizing the
aerosol materials. The aggregate particle morphology and size
distribution have been found to be dependent upon several conditions,
including the temperature of the UF sub 6 at the time of its
release, the relative humidity of the air into which it is released,
and the elapsed time after the release. Aerosol composition
and settling rate have been investigated using stationary samplers
for the separate collection of UO sub 2 F sub 2 and HF and via
laser spectroscopic remote sensing (Mie scatter and infrared
spectroscopy). 25 refs., 16 figs., 5 tabs. (ERA citation 11:020922) |
|