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Due
to the number of reports, the following
are the categories we present them.
(Note: these reports were cited on Toxline
at Toxnet in April 2005) |
| Fluoride
(all reports except Canada) |
Fluoride:
CANADA |
Fluoride
in the
Nuclear Industry |
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Note:
many of the
Canadian communities
cited in these reports
border the US. |
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Note:
this is a selected
list of reports. |
NTIS
Reports can be ordered by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S.
customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900;
and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5285 Port
Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.
|
| Order
Number
Source
Number |
Date
Published / Title / Author & Affiliation / Sponsor Agency |
Abstract
/Keywords |
NTIS/PB80-102247
187p |
1979.
Evaluation
of Control Technology for the Phosphate Fertilizer Industry
Author:
Boscak VG
Research
Corp. of New England,
Wethersfield, CT.
Supporting
Agency: Industrial Environmental Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC. |
The report
gives results of a phosphate fertilizer
industry study to evaluate multimedia control technology,
identify information gaps, and define needed RDandD projects.
The following manufacturing processes were covered: wet process
phosphoric acid, superphosphoric acid, diammonium phosphate,
and normal and triple superphosphate. Air emission control technology,
based largely on using wet scrubbers, is
adequate for control of fluoride and particulate and
is used throughout the industry. The cross-flow packed scrubber
appears to be the best and applies to all processes. The
gypsum pond appears to be the major environmental concern: main
problems are fluoride emissions to the atmosphere and possible
leaching of fluoride, phosphate, and radioactive substances.
None of the several control alternatives are economically attractive.
RDandD projects identified and defined in this study are: (1)
an epidemiologic study of the industry; (2) studies of gypsum
pond emissions and chemistry; (3) an evaluatio [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB80-128580
57p |
1979.
Drinking-Water Quality and Variations in Water Levels in the
Fractured Crystalline-Rock Aquifer, West-Central Jefferson
County, Colorado
Authors:
Hall DC
Johnson CJ
Geological
Survey, Lakewood, CO. Water Resources Div. |
In
parts of the area, water for domestic use obtained from the
fractured crystalline-rock aquifer contained excessive concentrations
of dissolved fluoride, dissolved
nitrite plus nitrate, dissolved solids, dissolved iron, dissolved
manganese, dissolved zinc, coliform bacteria, gross alpha radiation,
and gross beta radiation. Based on water-quality analyses from
26 wells located in small urbanized areas, water from 21 of
the wells contained excessive concentrations of one or more
constituents. Local variations in concentrations of 15 chemical
constituents, specific conductance, and water temperature were
statistically significant. Depths to water in 11 non-pumping
wells ranged from 1 to 15 feet annually. Three-year trends in
water-level changes in 6 of the 11 wells indicated a decrease
in stored water in the aquifer. Water-resources investigations
(Interim) Prepared in cooperation with Jefferson County Health
Dept., CO. |
NTIS
AD Rep. AD-A072,720
31 pp.
|
1979.
Water quality in the proposed Prosperity Reservoir area, Center
Creek Basin, Missouri.
Authors:
Barks JH
Berkas WR
Water
Resour. Div., Geol. Surv., Rolla, MO |
Water in
Center Creek basin upstream from the proposed Prosperity Reservoir
dam site is a calcium bicarbonate type that is moderately mineralized,
hard, and slightly alkaline. Ammonia and organic nitrogen, phosphorus,
total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand, and bacteria increased
considerably during storm runoff, probably due to livestock
wastes. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations are probably
high enough to cause the proposed lake to be eutrophic. Minor-element
concentrations were at or near background levels in the dissolved,
total, and bottom phases. The only pesticides detected were
0.01 mug/l of 2,4,5-T in one base-flow sample and 0.02-0.04
mug/l of 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D in all storm-runoff samples. Fecal
coliform and fecal streptococcus densities ranged from 2-650
and 2-550 colonies/100 ml, respectively, during base flow, but
were 17,000-45,000 and 27,000-70,000 colonies/100 ml, respectively,
during storm runoff. Water in Center Creek about 2.5 miles downstream
from the proposed dam site is similar in quality to that upstream
from the dam site except for higher concentrations
of sodium, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
These higher concentrations are caused by fertilizer industry
wastes that enter Center Creek about 1.0 mile downstream from
the proposed dam site. |
NTIS/PB82-114695
18p |
1979.
Sulfuryl Fluoride: Collection in Gas Sampling Bag, GC with
Flame Photometric Detection (Analytical Method S245)
National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. |
The
NIOSH analytical method S245 for determining sulfuryl-fluoride
(2699798) in air is described. Samples are collected
in a gas sampling bag and are analyzed by gas chromatography
with a flame photometric detector. The working range of the
method is 2.54 to 10.29 parts per million, the coefficient of
variance is 0.025, and the detection limit is 0.1 part per million.
Analytical apparatus, reagents and procedures are described,
and calculations are provided for determining sample concentrations.
Data on recovery and stability rates is included. |
NTIS/UR-3490-1658
308p |
1979.
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion of Inhaled Hydrogen
Fluoride in the Rat
Author:
Morris JB
Author Address:
Rochester
Univ., NY. Dept. of Radiation Biology and Biophysics.
Supporting
Agency: Department of Energy. |
Rats were
subjected to whole body HF exposure for 6 hrs or to nose-only
HF exposure for 1 hr. Total and/or ionic fluoride concentrations
in selected tissues were determined at various times following
exposure. In rats sacrificed 6 hrs after whole body exposure,
dose-dependent increases in lung, plasma, and kidney total and
ionic fluoride concentration occurred. Rats excreted more fluoride
in the urine after whole body exposure than could be explained
by the amount of HF inhaled. Considerable evidence suggests
that airborne HF deposits on fur and is then ingested due to
preening activity. Urinary fluoride excretion
was increased by nose-only exposure. The urinary fluoride excretion
accounted for approximately twice the fluoride estimated to
be inhaled during exposure. Tissue fluoride concentrations
were elevated immediately after nose-only exposure. Fluoride
concentrations in lung and kidney returned to control levels
within 12 hrs. Plasma fluoride concentration was slightly elevated
24 hrs after [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB80-199268
16p |
1979.
Health Hazard Evaluation Determination Report No. 79-8-584,
Stauffer Chemical Company, Silver Bow,
Montana
Author:
Gunter BJ
National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health,
Cincinnati, OH. Health Hazard and Technical Assistance Branch. |
Environmental
evaluations were conducted on December 19 to 21, 1978, at the
Stauffer Chemical Company (Standard Industrial Classification
5161) in Silver Bow, Montana in response to a request from Teamsters
Local Number 2 in Butte, Montana, to determine potential toxic
exposures associated with the processing of ore and the production
of elemental phosphorus (7723140) (P4) among 75 to 80 workers.
Breathing zone and general room air samples were analyzed for
phosphorus pentoxide (1314563) (P205), elemental phosphorus,
crystalline silica (7631869), total particulate, fluoride,
and vanadium pentoxide (1314621). Concentrations of P205 ranged
from 1.7 to 9.2 milligrams per cubic meter (mg/cu m). No OSHA
criteria currently exists for this compound. In 3 out of 4 respirable
crystalline silica samples, concentrations ranging from 0.09
to 0.183mg/cu m exceeded the OSHA standard of 10mg/cu m divided
by the percent of respirable quarts (1480607) plus 2. All other
samples were within the most recent evaluat [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/K/PO/SUB-79/31057/1
104p |
1979.
Airborne Uranium, Its Concentration and Toxicity in Uranium
Enrichment Facilities
Authors:
Thomas J
Mauro J
Ryniker J
Fellman R
Envirosphere
Co.,
New York. |
The release
of uranium hexafluoride and its hydrolysis products into the
work environment of a plant for enriching uranium by means of
gas centrifuges is discussed. The maximum permissible mass and
curie concentration of airborne uranium (U) is identified as
a function of the enrichment level (i.e., U-235/total U), and
chemical and physical form. A discussion of the chemical and
radiological toxicity of uranium as a function of enrichment
and chemical form is included. The toxicity of products of UF
sub 6 hydrolysis in the atmosphere, namely, UO sub 2 F sub 2
and HF, the particle size of toxic particulate material produced
from this hydrolysis, and the toxic effects
of HF and other potential fluoride compounds are also discussed.
Results of an investigation of known effects of humidity and
temperature on particle size of UO sub 2 F sub 2 produced by
the reaction of UF sub 6 with water vapor in the air are reported.
The relationship of the solubility of uranium compounds to their
toxic effects wa [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB80-153935
346p |
1979.
Primary Aluminum: Guidelines for Control of Fluoride Emissions
from Existing Primary Aluminum Plants
Environmental
Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards. |
This
document serves as a text to State agencies in planning for
control of fluoride emissions from existing primary aluminum
plants.
Achievable fluoride capture and removal efficiencies are given
for new retrofit hooding and for primary and secondary removal
devices, respectively. Methods for deriving capital and annualized
costs are illustrated by a few examples. Costs and fluoride
emission reductions achieved by actuao retrofits are given for
ten plants, and the construction scope of work is described
in detail for three of these plants. The guidelines are presented
as recommended control technologies that will achieve certain
average control efficiencies when applied as new retrofits to
existing plants. |
NTIS/PB80-167125
11p |
1979.
Health Hazard Evaluation Determination Report 79-112-636,
Stearns-Roger Fabricators, Inc., Denver,
Colorado
National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati,
OH. Health Hazard and Technical Assistance Branch. |
Fifty eight
breathing zone and general room air samples were taken on workers,
at the Sterns-Roger Fabricators, Inc., Denver, Colorado, for
manganese, iron oxide fume, fluoride,
nickel, copper, chromium (VI), and chrome (metal). Concentrations
of manganese, iron oxide, nickel, copper, and chrome (metal)
were all well within the most recent evaluation criteria. An
overexposure to fluoride existed in one of the five workers
monitored for fluoride. Seven Cr+6 samples were taken
in the general area and in the breathing zone of welders welding
stainless steel. All levels were below the NIOSH laboratory
limits of detection (.005 mg/sample). All workers were interviewed
pre- and post-shift by a NIOSH medical team. Based on data collected,
workers did not have medical problems. Based on industrial hygiene
data, the only hazard existing at the
time of this survey was one overexposure to fluoride. |
NTIS/AD-A289
920/1
115p |
1979.
Expected Fluoride Contaminant Loading Within Expanded North
Boundary Control System.
Author:
Campbell DL
Army
Toxic and Hazardous Materials Agency, Aberdeen Proving Ground,
MD. |
Geotechnical
surveys have been recently completed in the North Boundary Vicinity
of Rocky Mountain Arsenal to define the arsenal's subsurface
hydrogeology. Water table measurements and permeability estimates
have been generated to refine flow direction and quantify ground
water movement of the alluvial aquifer as it flows across the
North Boundary. This document presents
a compilation of data assessments based upon the aforementioned
survey results on expected fluoride contaminant loading with
the proposed expanded North Boundary control system. As
a result of these assessments, it has been determined that there
is a good possibility that fluoride levels within the expanded
treatment subsystem will be naturally below the state of Colorado
limit, this may negate the need to add a costly fluoride removal
module to the proposed granular carbon organic removal process.
-BKA. |
NTIS/AD-A286
122/7,
14p |
1979.
Test Plan for Pilot Test Program for Removal of Excess Fluoride
from Activated Carbon Effluent.
Rubel
and Hager, Inc.,
Tucson, AZ. |
In accordance
with a directive from the Colorado Department of Health, the
reinjection water at the north boundary of RMA will be subject
to drinking water standards established by EPA and CDH. In response
to this directive, Rubel and Hager engaged to perform a feasibility
study during September 1978. The results documented that using
the activated alumina treatment method, the
excess fluoride can be removed from the carbon treated water
at the reinjection site. At the conclusion of the feasibility
study, it was determined that further pilot testing would be
necessary to optimize the caustic regeneration procedure for
maximum long-term economy. Therefore, this pilot test program
has been established. Under this program the following tasks
will be: (1) to determine whether there are any interferences
present in the activated carbon effluent that may reduce the
efficiency of the process, (2) an optimum alumina regeneration
process will be developed to minimize operating costs. |
NTIS/K/ET-252
46p |
1979.
Some
Considerations in the Handling of Fluorine and the Chlorine
Fluorides
Authors:
Farrar RL Jr
Barber EJ
Oak
Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant, TN. |
This
paper reviews many considerations in the safe handling of fluorine
and the chlorine fluorides. The
physical, chemical, and toxicological properties of the materials
are reviewed. Proper choice of materials of construction and
materials in contact with the active gases are considered. The
survey includes safe practices in design and operation of experiments
and processes. Soda lime traps and caustic scrubbing are reviewed
for fluorine disposal methods. Finally some explosive reactions
and explosive situations are discussed. (ERA citation 04:048962) |
| NTIS/PB80-114184
244p |
1979.
The
Contribution of Drinking Water to Mineral Nutrition in Humans
National
Research Council,
Washington, DC. |
The first
undertaking of the Safe Drinking Water Committee of the National
Academy of Sciences was the identification of substances and
their concentrations in the nation's water supply that might
pose risks to the public health. This report, on the other hand,
identifies and discusses substances found in drinking water
which may have nutritional significance. The substances addressed
include calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, fluoride, sodium, potassium,
chloride, iodine, iron, copper, zinc, selenium, manganese, arsenic,
nickel, vanadium, silicon, molybdenum, and chromium. For each
substance, data on occurrence in food and water are reviewed,
nutritional requirements, toxicity versus essential levels,
and the contribution from drinking water are assessed. Recommendations
are made regarding the appropriateness of controlling these
substances in drinking water. |
NTIS/PB80-139348
30p |
1979.
Revised Prioritized List of Source Categories for NSPS (New
Source Performance Standards) Promulgation
Author:
Monarch MR
Argonne
National Lab., IL. Energy and Environmental Systems Div.
Supporting Agency: Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Emission Standards and
Engineering Div.
|
The
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 require that the USEPA consider
specific criteria in determining priorities for setting NSPS
for major source categories: quantity of air pollutant emissions,
extent to which air pollutant emissions endanger public health
and welfare and the mobility and competitive nature of each
source category. A previous report (EPA-450/3-78-019) describes
a methodology that has been developed for prioritizing source
categories using the Clean Air Act criteria. The methodology,
which employs three distinct computer programs, was applied
to a data set of over 150 major source categories for nine different
air pollutant emissions (particulate matter, sulfur dioxide,
nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, lead, sulfuric
acid mist, hydrogen sulfide, and fluorides).
The program output is a prioritized list of source categories
for NSPS promulgation over a ten year period based on a multipollutant
source category emission analysis, and was used to propose standard-sett
[abstract truncated] |
NTIS/TREE-1370
30p |
1979.
Raft River Geothermal Aquaculture Experiment. Phase II
Authors:
Campbell DK
Rose FL
Kent JC
Watson LR
Sullivan JF
Idaho
National Engineering Lab., Idaho Falls. |
Channel
catfish, tilapia and Malaysian prawns were cultured directly
in geothermal water for approximately seven months at the Department
of Energy, Raft River Geothermal Site, to evaluate the organisms
throughout a grow-out cycle. Parameters evaluated included survival,
growth, bioaccumulation of metals and fluoride, collagen synthesis,
and bone calcium levels. Growth at Raft River was slightly lower
than at a companion commercial facility at Buhl, Idaho, but
was attributed to facility differences rather than an adverse
impact of geothermal water. No significant differences were
recorded between Raft River and Buhl fish for bone calcium or
collagen concentrations. No significant accumulation of heavy
metals by fish or prawns was recorded. (ERA citation 04:053113) |
NTIS/RFP-ENV-78
54p |
1979.
Annual Environmental Monitoring Report, US Department of Energy,
Rocky Flats Plant, January--December 1978
Author:
Howerton RD
Atomics
International Div., Golden, CO. Rocky Flats Plant.
Supporting
Agency: Department of Energy. |
An environmental
monitoring program that included the sampling and analysis of
air, water, and soil on and off the plant site was conducted.
Particulate samples were collected from air samplers that operated
continuously at the plant perimeter and in 12 communities located
near the plant. An analysis of these samples indicated that
the concentrations of airborne plutonium at perimeter and community
locations were identical and were within the range attributed
primarily to fallout from atmospheric nuclear weapons testing.
The sanitary water was processed through a tertiary treatment
facility before discharge, and the discharges were monitored
for compliance with the Plant's National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) permit. Violations of NPDES daily
limits occurred on nine occasions and were related to fluoride,
pH, suspended solids, and biochemical oxygen demand. In all
cases, the causes for these violations were identified and corrective
actions taken. The plutonium, uranium, ameri [abstract truncated] |
| NTIS/PB82-162579
42p |
1979.
Industrial Hygiene Sampling Survey Report of Monsanto Commercial
Products Co., St. Peters, Missouri 63376
Author:
Briggs T
PEDCo-Environmental,
Inc., Cincinnati, OH. |
Worker
exposure to silica (7631869) and crystalline alpha-quartz (14808607)
particulates, hydrogen-fluoride (7664-39-3),
nitrogen-dioxide (10102440), nitric-oxide (10102439), arsenic
(7440382), trichlorotrifluoroethane (76131) and isopropanol
(67630) were surveyed at Monsanto Commercial Products Company
(SIC-2833) in St. Peters, Missouri, from April 10 to 12, 1979.
The survey was part of a study of developing energy technologies.
A walk-through survey had been conducted on September 1, 1978.
Over a 1000 workers were employed, half of whom were female.
Pre-employment and periodic medical examinations were conducted.
Industrial hygienists were available locally and at corporate
headquarters. The medical program was limited to general industrial
health. Analysis of personal and area
samples indicated concentrations of particulates, hydrogen-fluoride,
and nitric-oxide of 0.02 to 0.52, 0.01
to 3.45, and 0.09 to 0.17 milligrams
per cubic meter (mg/cu m), respectively. Concentrations
of arsenic ranged fr [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB80-149628
13p |
1979.
Mining
Health Hazard Evaluation HHE 79-101-105 Weld Shop
Author:
Vegella T
National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. |
Environmental
sampling for lead
(7439921), fluorides, (16984-48-8),
total chromium (7440473), manganese (7439965), and nickel (7440020)
and urinary samples for fluoride
were done on January 22 and 23, 1979 at Eastern Associated Coal
Corporation, Federal No. 2. Sampling was in response to a request
by company officials to evaluate the exposure of surface weld
shop workers to hazardous materials. Except for lead, all substance
levels were below evaluation criteria; and all
urinary concentrations were within normal limits. Two
of 11 lead samples (0.09 and 0.11 milligrams of substance per
cubic meter or air) exceeded and 2 other other samples were
equivalent to the OSHA standard for lead of 0.05 milligrams
of substance per cubic meter of air. It is concluded that proper
protective measures should be taken when welding and cutting
previously painted metal surfaces and work procedures for use
of the degreasing tank should be improved. It is recommended
that a substitute be found for the use of lead base [abstract
truncated] |
NTIS/AD-A290
813/5
69p |
1978.Investigation
of the Northwest Area of Rocky Mountain Arsenal.
Rocky
Mountain Arsenal, Denver, CO. |
The goal
of the Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA) northwest area effort was
to evaluate groundwater pollution of the near surface aquifer
in this area of the Arsenal. To accomplish this goal, sufficient
additional geological, hydrological, and water chemistry data
was collected to interpret existing information and provide
data from parts of the study area where little or no data previously
existed. Soil samples were collected to provide geological and
hydrological information. Well water samples were drawn to determine
groundwater chemistry. The most significant
water constituents were DIMP, DCPD, DBCP (Nemagon), and
fluoride. Similar geological and hydrological results
were obtained as previously mentioned. Fluoride
levels exceeding the acceptable standard appeared to be crossing
the northwest Arsenal boundary. High DIMP concentrations
were observed in an area generally northwest of the northwest
part of Basin F. The existence of DCPD could not be established
because of problems with sampling. DBCP |
NTIS/AD-A956-499/8
41p |
1978.
Evaluation of RMA Fluoride Data.
Rocky
Mountain Arsenal,
Denver, CO. |
In
summary, it was concluded that: Fluoride concentrations for
15 out of 18 360 deg monitoring wells in the vicinity of the
north boundary, northwest boundary, and north side of Basin
F at RMA are averaging above the State of Colorado standard
of 2.4 mg/1. The evaluation of this data has resulted in a range
of levels between 0.763 and 7.462 mg/l.
At the north boundary in the vicinity of the pilot containment/treatment
system, fluoride levels average approximately
3.5 mg/l. Evaluation of the data for seasonal trends
over a two-year period 75127 (1 Jun 75) to 77003 (1 Jan 77)
yielded inconclusive results. Limited success was realized in
the determination of temporal trends. Several
wells in the vicinity of Basin F show consistent decrease of
fluoride concentration with time (approximately 0.5 mg/l per
year). |
NTIS/AD-A290
322/7
13p |
1978.
Fluoride
Removal Test Plan, Task 1.05.15.
Author:
Prusinski DM
Rocky
Mountain Arsenal, Denver, CO. |
As part
of an overall north boundary containment system the Project
Manager's Office has outlined program tasks to be performed.
These tasks seek to solve the problem of contaminates migration
across the north boundary at Rocky Mountain Arsenal, and thus
address the Cease and Desist Orders issued by the Colorado Department
of Health in April 1975. This paper addresses the task of developing
a fluoride removal process. The task of
developing a fluoride removal process was broken into two stages;
(1) a literature search to determine and compare methods, and
(2) a testing plan to quantify the parameters of the most promising
method. The literature search revealed activated alumina
adsorption to be the most efficient up to 10 ppm levels of fluoride
(these levels are above those found on the north boundary at
RMA). While the important parameters (pH, flow rates) were listed,
the values were ranged rather than quantified. The effects of
different types of activated alumina were not listed possibly
due [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB82-238882
37p |
1978.
Health
Hazard Evaluation Determination Report No. 76-89-456. Chrysler
Detroit Tank Plant, Warren Michigan
National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. |
A NIOSH
Health Hazard Evaluation was conducted at the Chrysler Detroit
Tank Plant, Warren, MI., at the request of an employee representative
of the United Auto Workers, Local 1200. The purpose of this
study was to evaluate the exposures of employees working in
or near the production welding departments to stainless steel
welding fumes containing chromium, hexavalent chromium (VI),
inorganic nickel, iron oxide, manganese, and
fluorides. |
NTIS/DE83017638
Portions
are illegible in microfiche products.
41p |
1978.
Incidence
of Human Dental Fluorosis in the Raft
River Geothermal Area in Southern Idaho. Final
Report.
Authors:
Shupe JL
Olson AE
Peterson HB
Utah
State Univ. Foundation, Logan.
Supporting
Agency: Department of Energy,
Washington, DC. |
A
total of 270 school aged individuals representing 151 families
living in the vicinity of the Raft River Geothermal area of
Idaho were
examined for evidence of dental fluorosis. Of these 132
had some dental anomaly. Fifty-two individuals from 45 families
had lesions classified as typical dental fluorosis. Eleven of
these, some of which had severe dental fluorosis recently moved
into the area from other locations. Samples of the drinking
waters that were likely consumed by the individuals with dental
fluorosis were collected for analyses. In most instances the
fluoride content of the waters were low and would not account
for the tooth lesions. Possible reasons for lack of correlation
are changing of the composition of the water, other sources
of fluoride in the diet, and possibly analytical errors. (ERA
citation 08:052468) |
NTIS/PB91-185231
10p |
1978.
Compact
Personal Monitor for Organic Air Polutants.
Author: West PW
Louisiana
State Univ., Baton Rouge. Dept. of Chemistry. |
Monitors
for selected organic and inorganic gaseous hazards were developed.
Initially the goal was to develop personal monitors utilizing
the permeation approach and resulting in a light weight, inexpensive,
accurate, reliable and convenient device, free from the usual
environmental stresses. The results of field evaluations conducted
for the detection of vinyl-chloride (75014), benzene (71432),
toluene (108883), inorganic gases, hydrogen-fluoride
(7664-39-3), and hydrogen-sulfide (7783064) were presented.
Studies have substantiated the applicability of the permeation
approach for monitoring benzene, toluene, trichloroethylene
(79016), methylene-chloride (75092), chloroform (67663), and
carbon-tetrachloride (56235). Laboratory and field tests have
validated the vinyl-chloride monitor, and results from studies
on the other gases have shown promise. Progress rept. 1 Feb
77-31 Jan 78. Sponsored by National Inst. for Occupational Safety
and Health, Cincinnati, OH. |
NTIS/N80-23897/5
40p |
1978.
Air
Pollution Studies in the Nieuwe-Waterweg Region Using Deposit
Gages, 1977 Data
Author:
Vangiezen J
Research
Inst. for Environmental Hygiene, TNO, Delft (Netherlands).
Afdel. Buitenlucht.
Supporting
Agency: National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, Washington, DC. |
The location
of sampling stations are given, and some comparisons made with
data from the previous year. Large variations in weight of precipitation
dust and ash were observed. The percentage of iron increased
somewhat, in one case 100 percent. The
percentage of fluorides has remained constant. Measurements
were made with liege bulbs and the British Standard Deposit
Gauge. Some computations of the possibility of corrosion occurrence
were made. |
NTIS/PB81-150492
56p |
1978.
Health
Hazard Evaluation Determination Report No. HE 77-41-505, General
American Transportation Corporation, Masury, Ohio
Author:
Price JH
National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.
Health Hazard and Technical Assistance Branch. |
Environmental
and medical surveys were conducted on April 4 to 7, 1977, and
June 7 to 9, 1977, to determine employee exposures to dust fumes,
smoke and gases from welding and plasma arc cutting, *isocyanate
(661201) vapors and x-ray radiation at the General American
Transportation Corporation (SIC-3743) in Masury, Ohio. Authorized
representatives of United Steelworkers of America, Local 1534
and 2318, requested the evaluation on behalf of approximately
1000 affected workers. Twenty four of
52 employees were exposed to concentrations of fluoride (16984-48-8),
copper (7440508), iron oxide (1309371), nickel (7440020), chromium
VI (7440473), vanadium (7440622) and total particulates in
excess of OSHA standards. Concentrations of carbon monoxide
(630080), formaldehyde (50000) and polymethylene polyphenyl
isocyanate also exceeded current OSHA exposure limits. No abnormalities
other than abrasions and burns associated with welding and heavy
metal handling were found. The author concludes that excessive
c |
NTIS/PB82-238924
315p |
1978.
Diagnosing
Vegetation Injury Caused by Air Pollution
Author:
Hicks DR
Applied
Science Associates, Inc., Valencia,
PA.
Supporting
Agency: Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. |
This handbook
explains the effects of various air pollutants on vegetation
and how to diagnose the suspected injuries. It discusses the
structure and function of plants in relation to air pollution
injury and the different pollutants: photochemical oxidants,
sulfur dioxide, fluorides, and
minor pollutants. It also explains the interactions between
pollutants and pollutants and pathogens, discusses mimicking
symptoms, and identifies the sources and meteorological aspects
of air pollution and the effects of topography on dispersion.
The basic procedure and routine for diagnosis of suspected air
pollution injury to vegetation is outlines. Charts, glossary
and index are included. |
NTIS/DE85011055
Portions
of this document are illegible in microfiche products.
389p |
1977.
Draft Environmental Statement: The Alumax Environmental Statement.
Bonneville
Power Administration, Portland, OR. |
BPA proposed
to serve the planned Alumax plant near Umatilla with ''Industrial
Firm'' power, the same grade of power now being purchased by
the other industrial customers served directly by BPA. The contract
amount of power is 320 megawatts. This would involve construction
and operation of the Alumax-Pacific Corporation, primary aluminum
reduction plant and associated transmission and substation facilities,
near Umatilla, Oregon. Construction and
operation of the proposed facilities would result in degradation
of air quality as related to particulates, sulfur oxides and
fluorides. Increased population in adjacent local communities
would require significant amounts of new land development, cause
overcrowding in certain school districts, and further burden
regional water systems. The increased tax base will allow for
mitigation of these problems. 260 refs., 35 figs., 121 tabs.
(ERA citation 10:028768) |
NTIS/PB80-219132
20p |
1977.
Bibliography on Arthropoda and Air Pollutio
Author:
Hay CJ
Northeastern
Forest Experiment Station, Broomall, PA. |
This bibliography
contains 227 references on literature published through 1976
concerning observations or experiments involving Arthropoda
in association with gases and particulates that pollute the
air. References are listed in three sections: review papers;
laboratory research; and field research. They are arranged by
type of air pollutant: ozone sulfur oxides, fluorides,
and other pollutants. Each reference is indexed by tree host
and arthropod species. Forest Service general technical rept.
(Final) |
NTIS/PB88-247697
27p |
1977.
Exposure to Mixtures of Airborne Contaminants.
Author:
Smith FA
Rochester
Univ., NY. School of Medicine and Dentistry.
Final
rept. 1
May 74-30 Apr 77, Sponsored by National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, |
Attempts
were made to characterize the response of laboratory animals
to particulates carried in the air and to gaseous airborne
pollutants, as a preliminary step towards investigation of
the effects of a mixture of gaseous and particulate pollutants.
Guinea pigs were exposed to fluoride
at 1.2mg/m3 as fluorspar dust of respirable size for 16 weeks,
or to fluoride at 3.3mg/m3 as hydrogen-fluoride. The fluoride
concentrations were increased in plasma, femur, and feces.
Hydrogen-fluoride exposure also increased fluoride levels
in the bile and urine. The number of alveolar macrophages
was increased on dust exposure whereas the incidence of patchy
pneumonitis was decreased on hydrogen-fluoride exposure.
All these changes returned to normal after exposure to the
fluoride agents was terminated, with
the exception of skeletal fluoride levels. No evidence
of continuing harmful effects was noted. |
NTIS/PB81-227928
10p |
1977.
Fluorides in Dust: Sodium Fluoride from Allied Chemical, Morristown,
NJ. (Failure Report No. S325)
National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health,
Cincinnati, OH. |
Test results
using the NIOSH analytical method S325 for particulate fluoride
(16984-48-8) dust are reported. The method involves collection
on a mixed cellulose ester membrane filter, ashing, fusion with
a carbonate moisture, and analysis by a fluoride-specific electrode.
Sample preparation and ashing procedures are described. Data
on recovery rates from spiked samples is included. The method
was unsatisfactory due to poor recovery rates and an unacceptably
high coefficient of variance. |
NTIS/PB81-229957
5p |
1977.
Walk-Through Survey Report at Alcoa Company, Alcoa, Tennessee
Author:
Brown Jn
National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.
Div. of Field Studies and Clinical Investigations. |
Working
conditions were surveyed at the Alcoa Company (SIC-3295) in
Alcoa, Tennessee on May 23, 1977. The company employed 1,100
people. Production ran continuously on a three shifts per day
basis. Potential hazards observed were
exposure to fluorides, particulate polycyclic organic
matter, heat, airborne dust and carbon-monoxide (630080). Areas
of exposure included the potroom and carbon plant. The author
concludes that exposure to environmental contaminants was very
low due to extensive control systems, new equipment and automation.
Industrywide study |
NTIS/PB89-216600
15p |
1977.
Industrial Hygiene Survey, CF Chemicals,
Inc., Bartow, Florida, August 9-12, 1976.
Authors:
Stephenson F
Cassady M
National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.
Div. of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies. |
As part
of a larger study of exposures in the phosphate
industry, a survey was conducted at CF Chemicals, Inc., located
in Bartow, Florida. At the facility there were eight
major sections monitored: sulfuric-acid facility, phosphorus-acid
facility, acidulation facility, three diammonium-phosphate facilities,
two product storage areas, two shipping areas, operations and
staff office, and quality control laboratory. The major products
were diammonium-phosphate and dicalcium-phosphate. Periodic
sampling was performed for sulfur-dioxide (7446095),
noise levels, ammonia (7664417), and fluoride.
The ventilation systems were designed primarily for emission
control and appeared to be adequate. With the exception of two
samples for fluorides and three samples of chromium (7440473),
the emissions were within the levels recommended. The authors
recommend the use of tank entry procedures and personal protective
equipment. |
| NTIS/PB89-182000
22p |
1977.
Health Hazard Evaluation Determination Report No. 77-12-418,
Airtex Products, Fairfield, Illinois,
Authors:
Gilles D
Anania TL
Ilka R
National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health,
Cincinnati, OH. |
A health
hazard investigation of exposure to solvents was conducted by
NIOSH on March 2-3, 1977 at the Airtex Products plant in Fairfield,
Illinois, a facility engaged in the manufacture of automobile
replacement parts. Environmental air samples, employee interviews,
evaluation of ventilation systems, and available toxicity information
resulted in the conclusion that exposures to monochlorobenzene
(108907), isopropyl alcohol (67630), methyl ethyl ketone (78933),
toluene (108883), trichloroethylene (79016), sodium hydroxide
(1310732), phosgene (75445), zinc oxide, cadmium (7440439),
fluorides, hydrochloric acid (7647010), and oil mist did not
pose a health hazard at the concentrations measured at the time
of evaluation. It is felt that the cause of the problems (such
as nausea, dizziness, headaches, breathing difficulties, nose
bleeds, etc.) at Airtex is a multifactorial one, involving an
inefficient ventilation system which, combined with the employees'
lack of information about the materials th [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB89-216055
3p |
1976.
Phosphate Fertilizer Industry Survey, CF Chemicals, Inc.,
Bartow, Florida, May 17, 1976.
Author:
Wolf F
National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health,
Cincinnati, OH. |
A walk-through
industrial hygiene survey of the wet chemical operation was
conducted at CF Chemicals, Inc., Bartow, Florida on May 17,
1976, as part of an industry-wide study of the phosphate fertilizer
industry. Potential health hazards include sulfur dioxide, sulfuric
acid mist, phosphoric acid, ammonia gas, radon daughters, and
fluoride. These potential hazards exist under upset conditions.
Potential exposure to dusts and radon daughters at the rock
handling area is the only one where routine exposure could be
expected. |
NTIS/PB81-226516
193p |
1976.
Criteria
for a Recommended Standard: Occupational Exposure to Hydrogen
Fluoride
Author:
Heitman PG
Washington
Univ., Seattle. School of Public Health and Community Medicine. |
'Hydrogen
fluoride' is defined as: (a) Gaseous or liquified anhydrous
hydrogen fluoride and aqueous solutions thereof (hydrofluoric
acid). The abbreviations HF and HF acid, as used in this document,
denote the anhydrous and aqueous forms, respectively; (b) Any
gaseous fluoride which is a byproduct of processes using or
producing hydrogen fluoride as defined above and is emitted
into the air concomitantly with HF and HF acids. 'Occupational
exposure to hydrogen fluoride' is defined as exposure to HF
at airborne concentrations at or above one-half the recommended
time-weighted average (TWA) environmental limit. |
NTIS/PB88-237771
14p |
1976.
Preliminary
Industrial Hygiene Survey of Kaiser
Aluminum, Chemical Division, Gramercy, Louisiana,
Authors:
Hartle R
Boeniger M
Meinhardt T
National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.
Div. of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies. |
A preliminary
industrial hygiene survey was conducted at the Kaiser
Aluminum Company, Chemical Division, Gramercy, Louisiana,
to determine whether to include this facility in an epidemiological
study of workers exposed to carbon-tetrachloride (56235). At
the facility the following products were manufactured: alumina,
chlorine, caustic, refrigerants, hydrogen-fluoride,
aluminum-fluoride, and calci-coke (a high grade carbon).
Raw materials used and possible contaminants
included not only carbon-tetrachloride, but also hydrochloric-acid
(7647010), ammonium-chloride (12125029), chloroform (67663),
hydrogen-fluoride (7664-39-3),
antimony-chloride (10025191), and caustic. An
industrial hygienist was located at the facility and personal
and area air samples were taken regularly in some potentially
hazardous areas. A full time nurse was located at the
site. Preemployment and periodic physical examinations were
required of all workers. The primary potential health hazards
existing at the site were related [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/AD-A290
175/9
38p |
1976.
Rocky
Mountain Arsenal 360 Monitoring Wells.
Rocky
Mountain Arsenal,
Denver, CO. |
These charts
are maps divided into RMA sections, showing 360 wells and detection
levels for: Aldrin, Chlorate, Copper, Chloride, DCPD, Dimp,
Dieldrin, Endrin, Fluoride, Sodium and Sulfate. Detection level
distinctions are for no detection, if below a certain level
of PPB or PPM and if above a certain level of PPB or PPM. -BKA. |
NTIS/PB89-161277
20p |
1976.
Health
Hazard Evaluation Determination Report No. 76-33-431, 76-34-431,
Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corporation, Ravenswood, West
Virginia,
Authors:
Chrostek WJ
Straub W
Powell K
National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health,
Cincinnati, OH. |
A Health
Hazard Evaluation investigation was conducted by NIOSH on July
27-29, 1977, at the Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corporation,
Ravenswood, West Virginia in the facility for the production
of virgin aluminum metal by electrolytic reduction of alumina
(1344281) using prebaked carbon electrodes and cryolite (1344758)
flux. Environmental sampling revealed that the anode setters
in the pot area may be exposed to excessive concentrations of
aluminum oxide (1344281), while fluoride
exposure was not excessive. In the casting area exposure
to carbon monoxide (630080), sulfur dioxide (7446095) and ammonia
(7664417) was minimal. According to available medical data,
the findings related to determining whether a high rate of coronary
disease existed were inconclusive. Recommendations are made
for environmental control and medical surveillance of employees.
See also PB82-150210. |
NTIS/PB89-216022
3p |
1976.
Summary
Report of International Minerals and
Chemical Corporation, Phosphate Chemical Complex, New Wales
Florida, June 7-11, 1976.
Author:
Wolf F
National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. |
An industrial
hygiene survey was conducted at the International Minerals and
Chemical Corporation, Phosphate Chemical
Complex, New Wales, Florida, on June 7-11, 1976 as part
of the industry-wide study of the phosphate fertilizer industry.
Exposures which may occur routinely are sulfur dioxide, sulfuric
acid mist, phosphoric acid mist, ammonia and radon daughters.
Additional exposures from maintenance operations or upset conditions
include: vanadium pentoxide, heavy metals, uranium, fluoride
and silica. Recommendations are made to reduce exposure; these
include the use of personal protective equipment and regular
checks of the acid and ammonia lines. |
NTIS/PB89-195879
11p |
1976.
Industrial
Hygiene Survey, Stauffer Chemical Company, Salt Lake City,
Utah, July 16-25, 1975.
Authors:
Wolf F
Cassady ME
National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health,
Cincinnati, OH. Div. of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and
Field Studies. |
An industrial
hygiene survey was conducted at the Stauffer Chemical Company,
Salt Lake City, Utah on July 16-25, 1975 as part of a study
of variations in worker exposures in different wet chemical
operations. The operation evaluated was the cleaning of a large
phosphoric acid reactor vessel. Samples taken for an 8-hour
time weighted average exposures for cadmium, chromium, canadium,
phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid on workers involved in the
cleaning. General area samples were collected
for fluorides, radon, particle size distribution and
uranium. All contaminants were below the current legal standard,
but there was an irritating material present in the tank environment.
It is recommended that the good work practices for tank entry
be continued. The radiation levels were very low which would
have made this facility ideal for determining if exposure to
phosphoric acid results in an increased incidence of cancer,
but medical and personnel records were not adequate. |
NTIS/FE-2019-4
11p |
1976.
Environmental Effects from Leaching of Coal Conversion by-Products.
Interim Report, April-June 1976.
Authors:
Van Meter WP
Erickson RE
Montana
Univ., Missoula.
Supporting
Agency: Department of Energy,
Washington, DC. |
Efforts
have continued to assess and improve the accuracy and reliability
of the analyses for Ca and Sr, and the dissolution and analysis
of the residues for their total content of the elements of interest.
Selected ones of the eluant specimens
have been analyzed for fluoride, aluminum and mercury.
Apparatus for selenium determination by AA (hydride generation)
has been constructed and tested. Column operations continue,
with several runs now in progress having receiver vessels charged
with acid to avoid loss of metals as oxides or hydroxides. |
|
