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Adverse Effects
Abstracts
US
Food Tolerances
ACTIVITY:
Herbicide (pyridazinone)
Note:
Two breakdown products: Demethylnorflurazon
(CAS No. 112748-69-3) and Desmethylnorflurazon
(CAS No. 23576-24-1)
CAS Name:
4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3(2H)-pyridazinone
Structure:
| Adverse
Effects:
Blood
Body Weight Decrease
Bone
Cancer: Possible Human Carcinogen -
LIVER
Cholesterol
Endocrine: Ovary
Endocrine: Thyroid
Endocrine: Uterus
Kidney
Liver
Spleen |
| Environmental
Effects:
Groundwater
Contaminant |
Regulatory
Information
(only comprehensive for the US) |
| US
EPA Registered: |
Yes |
| US
EPA PC Code: |
105801 |
| California
Chemical Code |
2019
|
| US
Tolerances: |
CFR
180.356 |
| FDA
LMS Code: |
596 |
US
EPA Permit Date
and Registrant: |
1974,
Sandoz |
| European
Commission: |
Not
allowed to be used as an active ingredient after July 25, 2003. |
Registered
use in
(includes only a limited list of countries)
|
Australia, New Zealand,
South Africa, US
Australia:
Grape
|
US
Maximum Residue Levels permitted
in food commodities
|
Permitted
in or on 59 food commodities, including:
Alfalfa, Almond, Apple,
Apricot, Asparagus, Avocado, Blackberry, Blueberry, Cattle,
Cherry, Citrus Fruit, , Cotton, Filbert, Goat, Grape, Grass,
Hog, Hop (fresh), Horse, Milk, Nectarine, Peach, Peanut, Pear,
Pecan, Plum, Poultry, Raspberry, Sheep, Soybean, Walnut |
| Other
Information |
| Molecular
Formula: |
C12H9Cl
F3 N3O |
| Entry
Year: |
1971 |
| Inventing
Company: |
Sandoz |
| Manufacturers: |
Syngenta,
(Sandoz), Novartis |
| Other
Names: |
Evital,
Monometflurazone,
SAN 9789, Solicam, Zorial |
| Manufacture
site: |
US:
Clariant Corp., Charlotte, North Carolina
28266 |
| Of
special interest: |
| PAN
BAD ACTOR - Ground Water Contaminant
|
| Material
Safety Data Sheets & Labels |
Jan
23, 2006: Conservation
Group Moves for Court Order Restricting Use of 66 Pesticides
in Core Red-Legged Frog Habitat.
San Francisco, Calif. – The Center for Biological Diversity
(CBD) in a legal motion today asked a U.S. District Court to
protect the threatened California red-legged frog (Rana aurora
draytonii) from 66 of the most toxic and persistent pesticides
authorized for use in California, by creating pesticide-free
buffer zones around the frog’s core habitat and by requiring
consumer hazard warnings so that all Californians may learn
how to protect frogs. [Norflurazon was
one of the 66 pesticides.]
In response to a lawsuit filed by CBD against the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) in April of 2002, the District Court
found in September of 2005 that the EPA violated the Endangered
Species Act (ESA) by registering pesticides for use without
considering how they might impact the continued existence of
the red-legged frog. The motion for “injunctive relief”
delivered today asks the court to protect the frog from pesticides
in or adjacent to aquatic frog habitat designated as core recovery
areas, until the EPA completes a formal consultation with the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) on the impacts of the
pesticides on red-legged frogs, as required under the ESA...
CBD is asking the Court to impose a three-year schedule for
the EPA to determine whether the 66 pesticides may affect the
red-legged frog and to complete formal consultations with USFWS
to ensure the pesticides are not jeopardizing the frog or contributing
to its decline. To minimize harm to frogs during the consultation
process, the motion asks for an injunction on use of the pesticides
around aquatic features and upland habitats within the frog’s
core recovery areas, as designated by USFWS in the agency’s
Recovery Plan for the California Red-legged Frog. This injunction
would also apply buffer areas for terrestrial and aerial pesticide
applications, affecting approximately 7 percent of the current
range of the frog and less than 1 percent of the area of California.
CBD is also requesting that the EPA conduct monitoring for pesticides
in three of the recovery areas to determine whether the buffers
are effectively protecting the frog, inform pesticide users
about the injunction, and post point-of-sale notifications warning
consumers about harmful effects these pesticides may have on
the frog... |
Oct
5, 2005 - Study
finds herbicides from runoff in river. Agriculture largely
to blame for carcinogens. By Kevin
Lollar. news-press.com (Florida).
The Caloosahatchee River is receiving an unhealthy dose of
herbicides, including potential carcinogens, from upstream,
a Naples chemist said Tuesday at Mote Marine Laboratory's
fourth Charlotte Harbor Conference... The herbicides atrazine,
bromacil, norflurazon and simazine
might cause cancer in humans... "These herbicides are
showing up in the water year after year," Hushon said.
"Farmers use them to kill weeds and kill their crops
at the end of the season. It's not a fluke. We see them every
year."... |
April
22, 2005. Pesticides
appearing in Caloosahatchee River samples in Florida. By
Eric Staats. Naples Daily News.
... the Conservancy and the Watershed Council cite tests that
have detected atrazine, bromacil, metolachlor,
norflurazon and simazine... |
| May
31, 2002 - US
EPA TRED document (Tolerance Reassessment
Progress and Risk Management Decision) |
| 1996
- US EPA Registration
Eligibility Decision (RED) (201
pages) |
| 1996
- R.E.D.
FACTS. US EPA. (16 pages) |
| TOXNET
profile from Hazardous Substances Data Bank |
| March
22, 2001 - Summary
of Toxicology Data. California EPA. |
| March
22, 2001 - California
prohibits agricultural and outdoor industrial use of Norflurazon
in areas that are specifically managed or designed to recharge
ground water and inside canal and ditch banks. |
| Norflurazon
found in 9.5% of California Wells Californians
for Alternatives to Toxics |
| US
EPA IRIS for Norflurazon (Integrated Risk Information System).
The animal studies used to determine risks were mainly performed
in the 1970's. One was performed in 1983. |
| US
Map of Pesticide Use - 1992-1995 |
| US
Toxic Release Inventory: 1995-2001: Brief Summary |
| Herbicide
products - partial list |
| Abstracts |
| One
of 8 fluorinated pesticides used to cultivate grapes in Australia. |
| November
26, 2002 -
European Commission: Norflurazon is one
of 320 pesticides to be withdrawn in July 2003. Some
320 substances used in plant protection products (PPPs) - including
insecticides, fungicides and herbicides - are to be withdrawn
from the market by 25 July 2003 as part of the European Commission's
new approach to the evaluation of active substances in plant
protection products. This aims to improve safeguards to ensure
that all such products in use are safe for the environment and
human health. Users, wholesalers and retailers of plant protection
products will need to be aware of whether the products they
use or sell are likely to be withdrawn, so as to prevent them
being left with stocks of unusable material. Those concerned
should contact their national authority to check the authorisation
status for any particular product. The Regulation (n¡ 2076/2002
of 20 November 2002), with the list of the 320 substances, has
now been published in the Offical Journal ..." Ref: MIDDAY
EXPRESS. News from the Press and Communication Service's midday
briefing. |
| See also: 3-Trifluoromethyl
aniline - used as an intermediate in the production of Norflurazon |
| October
2001 - Glossary
of Pesticide Chemicals. A listing
of pesticides subject to analysis of residues in foods and feeds
by the US Food and Drug Administration. |
Rationale
for US EPA to add Norflurazon to the Toxic Release Inventory
Congestion
of the liver, hepatocyte swelling and increased liver weights,
and increase in colloid vacuole in the thyroid were observed
in dogs fed 450 ppm (10.25 mg/kg/day) norflurazon for 6
months. The NOEL was 150 ppm (3.75 mg/kg/day). An oral RfD
of 0.04 mg/ kg/day has been determined. Increased relative
liver weight and hypertrophy of the thyroid with depletion
of colloid were seen in rats fed 2,500 ppm (125 mg/kg/day)
norflurazon for 90 days. The NOEL was 500 ppm (25 mg/kg/day).
Hepatic hyperplasia and hypertrophy and increased relative
liver weight were noted in a 28-day feeding study in rats.
The LOEL was 1,000 ppm (50 mg/kg/day) and the NOEL was 500
ppm (25 mg/kg/ day). Increased relative liver weight and
diffuse and smooth granular livers were seen in a 28-day
feeding study in mice. The LOEL was 2,520 ppm (328 mg/kg/day)
and the NOEL was 420 ppm (55 mg/kg/day). EPA believes that
there is sufficient evidence for listing norflurazon on
EPCRA section 313 pursuant to EPCRA section 313(d)(2)(B)
based on the available hepatic and thyroid toxicity data.
Ref:
USEPA/OPP. Support Document for the Addition of Chemicals
from Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)
Active Ingredients to EPCRA Section 313. U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC (1993).
As cited by US EPA in: Federal
Register: January 12, 1994. Part
IV. 40 CFR Part 372. Addition of Certain Chemicals; Toxic
Chemical Release Reporting; Community Right-to-Know; Proposed
Rule.
|
Norflurazon
- which was on a low-priority sampling list in California
because it was not anticipated to pollute groundwater -
was found in groundwater by Florida which is more vigilant
about water quality because the state is experiencing a
water pollution crisis. California found norflurazon - the
third most popular herbicide used on the state's roadsides
- in 9.5% of the wells in 1997, the first time samples
were taken.
Ref: Pathways
of Exposure. Californians for Alternatives to Toxics.
|
US
Federal Register
••
Note: Due to length, the following is a partial
list. Click here
to see full list of FR entries.
|
| Published
Date |
Docket
Identification Number |
Details |
| Feb
10, 2005 |
OPP-2005-0025 |
Removal
of Expired Time-limited Tolerances for Emergency Exemptions.
FINAL
RULE.
• 14. Norflurazon. Time-limited
tolerances for Bermuda grass hay and forage
are being removed from Sec. 180.356 because they expired
on November 30, 2002. |
| July
30, 2003 |
OPP-2002-0327 |
US
EPA's Pesticide Reregistration Performance Measures and Goals.
Norflurazon
was one of 21 TREDS
(Tolerance Reassessment Progress and Interim
Risk Management Decisions) completed by US EPA in Fiscal
Year 2002.
-- EPA issues Reports on FFDCA Tolerance Reassessment Progress
and Interim Risk Management Decisions, known as TREDs, for pesticides
that require tolerance reassessment decisions under FFDCA, but
do not require a reregistration eligibility decision at present
because:
• The pesticide was first registered after November 1984
and is considered a ``new'' active ingredient, not subject to
reregistration (e.g., fenarimol and primisulfuron-methyl in
FY 2002);
• EPA completed a RED for the pesticide before FQPA was
enacted (most FY 2002 TREDs are in this post-RED category);
or
• The pesticide is not registered for use in the U.S.
but tolerances are established that allow crops treated with
the pesticide to be imported from other countries (e.g., mevinphos).
... As with IREDs, EPA will not take final action on pesticides
subject to TREDs that are part of a cumulative group until cumulative
risks have been considered for the group. |
| Sept
13, 2002 |
OPP-2002-
0121 |
EPA
status of reregistration and tolerance reassessment. |
| June
11, 2002 |
OPP-2002-0096 |
Notice
of availabilty of TRED document (Tolerance Reassessment
Progress and Risk Management Decision).
... EPA did not perform a cumulative risk assessment as part
of this reregistration review of norflurazon, because the Agency
has not determined if there are any other chemical substances
that have a mechanism of toxicity common with that of norflurazon.
If EPA identifies other substances that share a common mechanism
of toxicity with norflurazon, then a cumulative risk assessment
will be conducted that includes norflurazon once the final framework
EPA will use for conducting cumulative risk assessments is available.
Further, EPA is in the process of developing criteria for characterizing
and testing endocrine disrupting chemicals and plans to implement
an Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program. Norflurazon will be
reevaluated at that time and additional studies may be required.
|
| Jan
30, 2002 |
OPP-181083 |
Request
for Emergency Exemption from the Alabama Department of Agriculture
and Industries. Proposal to make no more than one application
of norflurazon manufactured by Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc.
as Zorial Rapid 80, EPA Reg. No. 100-848, at a rate of 0.5 -
1.2 lb active ingredient/Acre (.6 - 1.5 lb product/Acre) by
ground to 60,000 acres of bermuda grass meadows between February
1 and July 31, 2002. |
| Nov
14, 2001 |
OPP-181082 |
Pesticide
Emergency Exemptions. EPA authorized use in:
-- Alabama: on bermudagrass to
control annual grassy weeds; March 6, 2001 to July 31, 2001.
-- Georgia:
on bermudagrass to control annual grassy weeds; March 6, 2001
to July 1, 2001. |
••
Note: Due to length, the above is a partial list.
Click here
to see full list of FR entries.
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