FLUORIDE ACTION NETWORK PESTICIDE PROJECT
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Mipafox. TOXNET profile from Hazardous Substances Data Base.
See for Updates: http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?HSDB
MIPAFOX
Human Health Effects:
Human Toxicity Excerpts:
...ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR, LIKE PARATHION. AFTER ACUTE PHASES OF POISONING,
DEGENERATIVE LESIONS MAY BECOME APPARENT IN CENTRAL & PERIPHERAL NERVOUS
SYSTEMS.
...SOME CHOLINESTERASE-INHIBITING ORGANOPHOSPHORUS CMPD CAN PRODUCE PERMANENT
PARALYSIS DUE TO /PRC: SECONDARY/ DEMYELINATING PROCESS OF SPINAL CORD... DEMYELINATION
IN MAN HAS BEEN ATTRIBUTED ONLY TO MIPAFOX, AGENT NOT USED IN UNITED STATES.
See Parathion. Symptomatology: 1. Nausea...vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea,
excessive salivation... 2. Headache, giddiness, vertigo & weakness. 3. Rhinorrhea
& sensation of tightness in chest are common in inhalation exposure. 4.
Blurring or dimness of vision, miosis... Tearing, ciliary muscle spasm, loss
of accommodation & ocular pain... Mydriasis...sometimes seen...probably
due to sympatho-adrenal discharge. 5. Loss of muscle coordination, slurring
of speech, fasciculations & twitching of muscles (particularly of tongue
& eyelids), & generalized profound weakness. 6. Mental confusion, disorientation
& drowsiness. /Parathion/
See Parathion. Symptomatology: 7. Difficulty in breathing, excessive secretion
of saliva & of resp tract mucus, oronasal frothing, cyanosis, pulmonary
rales & rhonchi & hypertension (presumably due to asphyxia). 8. Random
jerky movements, incontinence, convulsions, & coma. 9. Death primarily due
to resp arrest arising from failure of resp center, paralysis of resp muscles,
intense bronchoconstriction or all three. /Parathion/
CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR.
Drug Warnings:
Food and Environmental Agents: Effect on Breast-Feeding: Reported Sign or
Symptom in Infant or Effect on Lactation: Fluorides: None. /from Table 7/
Minimum Fatal Dose Level:
4. 4= VERY TOXIC: PROBABLE ORAL LETHAL DOSE (HUMAN) 50-500 MG/KG, BETWEEN
1 TEASPOON & 1 OZ FOR 70 KG PERSON (150 LB).
Emergency Medical Treatment:
Emergency Medical Treatment:
| EMT Copyright Disclaimer: |
| Portions of the POISINDEX(R) database are provided here for
general reference. THE COMPLETE POISINDEX(R) DATABASE, AVAILABLE FROM MICROMEDEX,
SHOULD BE CONSULTED FOR ASSISTANCE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OR TREATMENT OF SPECIFIC
CASES. Copyright 1974-1998 Micromedex, Inc. Denver, Colorado. All Rights
Reserved. Any duplication, replication or redistribution of all or part
of the POISINDEX(R) database is a violation of Micromedex' copyrights and
is strictly prohibited.
The following Overview, *** ORGANOPHOSPHATES ***, is relevant for this HSDB record chemical. |
| Life Support: |
o This overview assumes that basic life support measures
have been instituted.
|
| Clinical Effects: |
SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE
0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o MUSCARINIC EFFECTS include bradycardia, bronchospasm,
bronchorrhea, salivation, lacrimation, diaphoresis,
vomiting, diarrhea, urination, and miosis.
o NICOTINIC EFFECTS include tachycardia, hypertension,
fasciculations, mydriasis, muscle cramps, weakness,
RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS.
o CENTRAL EFFECTS include CNS depression, agitation,
confusion, delirium, coma, seizures. Children may have
different predominant signs and symptoms than adults
(CNS depression, stupor, flaccidity, dyspnea, and
coma).
o ONSET - Symptoms may appear within a few minutes or up
to 12 hours (rarely longer) after exposure.
1. Organophosphates are absorbed across the lung, mucous
membranes (including gut), and skin. Poisoning
depends upon inherent toxicity, dosage, rate of
absorption, rate of metabolic breakdown, and prior
exposure to other cholinesterase inhibitors.
2. Onset of cholinergic crisis following exposure to very
lipophilic organophosphates may be delayed.
3. Recurrence of toxicity after apparent improvement has
been described.
o INHALATION EXPOSURE - Organophosphate vapors rapidly
produce mucous membrane and upper airway irritation
and bronchospasm, followed by systemic muscarinic,
nicotinic and central effects if exposed to significant
concentrations.
o INTERMEDIATE SYNDROME characterized by paralysis of
respiratory, cranial motor, neck flexor, and proximal
limb muscles 1 to 4 days after apparent recovery from
cholinergic toxicity, and prior to development of
delayed peripheral neuropathy. Treatment is
respiratory support; atropine and pralidoxime are
ineffective. Recovery begins 5 to 15 days after onset.
o DELAYED POLYNEUROPATHY - Distal sensory-motor
polyneuropathy may develop 6 to 21 days following
exposure.
o HYDROCARBONS - The hydrocarbon diluent may contribute
to the overall toxicity.
Refer to "HYDROCARBONS" management for further
information.
VITAL SIGNS
0.2.3.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Hypothermia or hyperthermia may occur. Bradycardia and
hypotension may develop after moderate to severe
poisoning. Tachycardia, hypertension, and changes in
respiratory rate may also occur.
HEENT
0.2.4.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Miosis, lacrimation, and blurred vision are common;
mydriasis and opsoclonus may occur.
o Salivation commonly occurs.
CARDIOVASCULAR
0.2.5.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Bradycardia and tachycardia are common. Hypotension or
hypertension may be seen with moderate to severe
poisoning. Other dysrhythmias, conduction delays and
ventricular dysrhythmias, are less common and
associated with severe poisonings. Myocarditis occurs
rarely.
RESPIRATORY
0.2.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Increased bronchial secretions, bronchospasm and
dyspnea occur in moderate to severe exposures.
Respiratory failure and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
may occur with severe poisonings. Acute respiratory
insufficiency is the main cause of death in acute
poisonings. The hydrocarbon vehicle may cause chemical
pneumonitis.
o Transient vocal cord paralysis with complete airway
occlusion has been reported.
NEUROLOGIC
0.2.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o EARLY EFFECTS - Giddiness, anxiety headache, and
restlessness followed by ataxia, drowsiness, and
confusion are common with moderate to severe exposures.
Fasciculations, profound weakness, coma and seizures
may develop in severe cases. CNS depression and
seizures may be more common in children than adults.
o INTERMEDIATE SYNDROME - characterized by the
development of proximal weakness and paralysis 12 hours
to 7 days after exposure and following resolution of
cholinergic symptoms. It is unresponsive to
pralidoxime or atropine; treatment is supportive.
o DELAYED POLYNEUROPATHY - Distal sensory-motor
polyneuropathy may develop 6 to 21 days following
exposure; recovery may be slow or incomplete.
o SEQUELAE - Sequelae may include subtle
neuropsychological deficits.
o EXTARPYRAMIDAL SIGNS - may rarely develop in patients
with acute organophosphate poisoning, especially with
highly lipid soluble compounds such as fenthion.
GASTROINTESTINAL
0.2.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea are
common muscarinic effects. Both painless and frank
clinical pancreatitis have been reported.
GENITOURINARY
0.2.10.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Increased urinary frequency is common; urinary
incontinence may occur.
ACID-BASE
0.2.11.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Metabolic acidosis has occurred in severe poisonings.
HEMATOLOGIC
0.2.13.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Alterations in PT and clotting factor levels may occur
but are rarely clinically significant.
DERMATOLOGIC
0.2.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o
Profuse sweating is common. Pallor may be noted.
Dermal sensitization has been reported.
ENDOCRINE
0.2.16.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Hyperamylasemia, hyperglycemia, and glycosuria without
ketosis may occur in severe poisonings.
PSYCHIATRIC
0.2.18.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o Decreased vigilance, defects in expressive language and
cognitive function, impaired memory, depression,
anxiety or irritability and psychosis have been
reported as delayed effects, more commonly in persons
having other clinical signs of organophosphate
poisoning or pre-existing psychological conditions.
REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS
o Most organophosphates are not teratogenic in animals,
but some cause lower fetal birth weights and/or higher
neonatal mortality.
o Sporadic reports of human birth defects related to
organophosphates have not been fully verified.
CARCINOGENICITY
0.2.21.2 HUMAN OVERVIEW
o Generally, organophosphates are thought not to be
carcinogenic; some controversy exists.
|
| Laboratory: |
o Determine plasma and red blood cell cholinesterase
activities. Depression in excess of 50 percent of
baseline is generally associated with severe symptoms.
Correlation between cholinesterase levels and clinical
effects in milder poisonings may be poor.
o Monitor electrolytes, ECG and serum pancreatic isoamylase
levels in patients with significant poisoning. Patients
who have increased serum amylase levels and those who
develop a prolonged QTc interval or PVCs are more likely
to develop respiratory insufficiency and have a worse
prognosis.
|
| Treatment Overview: |
ORAL EXPOSURE
o Ipecac is CONTRAINDICATED because of possible
respiratory depression and seizures.
o ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as slurry (240
mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in
adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12
years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
o GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a
potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can
be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1
hour). Protect airway by placement in Trendelenburg and
left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal
intubation. Control any seizures first.
1. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes
or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated
patients; following ingestion of corrosives;
hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at
risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and
trivial or non-toxic ingestion.
o Suction oral secretions and emesis to avoid aspiration.
o ATROPINE THERAPY - If symptomatic, administer IV
atropine until atropinization is achieved. Adult - 2 to
5 mg every 10 to 15 minutes; Child - 0.05 mg/kg every 10
to 15 minutes. Atropinization may be required for hours
to days depending on severity.
o PRALIDOXIME (Protopam, 2-PAM): Treat moderate to severe
poisoning (fasciculations, muscle weakness, respiratory
depression, coma, seizures) with 2-PAM in addition to
atropine; most effective if given within 48 hours, but
has had efficacy up to 6 days. May require
administration for several days.
1. INITIAL DOSE: ADULT: 1 to 2 g in 100 to 150 ml 0.9%
saline IV over 30 min. CHILD: 20 to 50 mg/kg as a 5%
solution IV over 30 min.
2. Repeat these doses in 1 hour and then every 6 to 12
hours if muscle weakness or fasciculations persist, or
begin continuous infusion.
3. CONTINUOUS INFUSION: Administer as a 2.5% solution in
0.9% saline. ADULT: 500 mg/hour. CHILD: 9 to 19
mg/kg/hour.
o CONTRAINDICATIONS - Succinylcholine and other
cholinergic agents.
o SEIZURES: Administer a benzodiazepine IV; DIAZEPAM
(ADULT: 5 to 10 mg, repeat every 10 to 15 min as
needed. CHILD: 0.2 to 0.5 mg/kg, repeat every 5 min
as needed) or LORAZEPAM (ADULT: 4 to 8 mg; CHILD: 0.05
to 0.1 mg/kg).
1. Consider phenobarbital if seizures recur after diazepam
30 mg (adults) or 10 mg (children > 5 years).
2. Monitor for hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory
depression, and need for endotracheal intubation.
Evaluate for hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances,
hypoxia.
o PULMONARY EDEMA (NONCARDIOGENIC): Maintain ventilation
and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial
blood gas or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of
PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.
o HYPOTENSION: Infuse 10 to 20 mL/kg isotonic fluid,
place in Trendelenburg position. If hypotension
persists, administer dopamine (5 to 20 mcg/kg/min) or
norepinephrine (0.1 to 0.2 mcg/kg/min), titrate to
desired response.
o PERSONNEL PROTECTION - Rescuers should avoid dermal
contact with contaminated patients to avoid poisoning
themselves.
INHALATION EXPOSURE
o INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for
respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing
develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation,
bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and
assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with
beta2 agonist and corticosteroid aerosols.
o If respiratory tract irritation or respiratory
depression is evident, monitor arterial blood gases,
chest x-ray, and pulmonary function tests.
o Carefully observe patients with inhalation exposure for
the development of any systemic signs or symptoms and
administer symptomatic treatment as necessary.
o Treatment should include recommendations listed in the
ORAL EXPOSURE section when appropriate.
EYE EXPOSURE
o DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious
amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes. If
irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia
persist, the patient should be seen in a health care
facility.
o Patients symptomatic following exposure should be
observed in a controlled setting until all signs and
symptoms have fully resolved.
o Treatment should include recommendations listed in the
ORAL EXPOSURE section when appropriate.
DERMAL EXPOSURE
o Systemic effects can occur from dermal exposure to
organophosphates.
o Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry; wash skin,
hair and nails vigorously with repeated soap washings.
Leather absorbs pesticides; all contaminated leather
should be discarded. Rescue personnel and bystanders
should avoid direct contact with contaminated skin,
clothing, or other objects.
o Treatment should include recommendations listed in the
ORAL EXPOSURE section when appropriate.
|
| Range of Toxicity: |
o Acute toxicity is variable and depends upon absorption
kinetics and whether or not metabolic activation is
required. Sudden absorption of a less toxic compound may
have a more severe effect.
|
Antidote and Emergency Treatment:
1. ESTABLISH CLEAR AIRWAY BY ASPIRATION OF SECRETIONS. ADMIN OXYGEN BY MECHANICALLY
ASSISTED PULMONARY VENTILATION. IMPROVE TISSUE OXYGENATION AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE
BEFORE ADMIN ATROPINE TO MINIMIZE RISK OF VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION. 2. ADMIN
ATROPINE SULFATE IV, OR IM IF IV INJECTION IS NOT POSSIBLE. ... IN MODERATELY
SEVERE POISONING: ADULT DOSAGE, INCL CHILDREN OVER 12 YR: 0.4-2.0 MG REPEATED
EVERY 15-30 MIN UNTIL ATROPINIZATION...ACHIEVED: TACHYCARDIA (PULSE OF 140/MIN),
FLUSHING, DRY MOUTH, DILATED PUPILS). MAINTAIN ATROPINIZATION BY REPEATED DOSES
FOR 2-12 HR OR LONGER DEPENDING ON SEVERITY OF POISONING. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/
2. IN MODERATELY SEVERE POISONING: DOSAGE /OF ATROPINE/ FOR CHILDREN UNDER
12 YR: 0.05 MG/KG BODY WT REPEATED EVERY 15 MIN UNTIL ATROPINIZATION IS ACHIEVED.
MAINTAIN ATROPINIZATION WITH REPEATED DOSAGE OF 0.02-0.05 MG/KG. SEVERELY POISONED
INDIVIDUALS MAY EXHIBIT...TOLERANCE TO ATROPINE; TWO OR MORE TIMES THE DOSAGES
SUGGESTED ABOVE MAY BE NEEDED. PERSONS NOT POISONED OR ONLY SLIGHTLY POISONED,
HOWEVER, MAY DEVELOP SIGNS OF ATROPINE TOXICITY FROM SUCH LARGE DOSAGES: FEVER,
MUSCLE FIBRILLATIONS, & DELIRIUM... IF THESE SIGNS APPEAR PT IS FULLY ATROPINIZED,
ATROPINE ADMIN SHOULD BE DISCONTINUED, AT LEAST TEMPORARILY. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE
PESTICIDES/
3. DRAW BLOOD SAMPLE FOR PLASMA & RBC CHOLINESTERASE ANALYSIS. 4. ADMIN
PRALIDOXIME (PROTOPAM-AYERST, 2-PAM) IN CASES OF SEVERE POISONING...IN WHICH
RESP DEPRESSION, MUSCLE WEAKNESS & TWITCHINGS ARE SEVERE. ... ADULT DOSAGE
(INCL CHILDREN OVER 12): GIVE 1.0 G IV @ NO MORE THAN 0.5 G/MIN. CHILD'S DOSE
(UNDER 12 YR): GIVE 20-30 MG/KG (DEPENDING ON SEVERITY) IV, INJECTING NO MORE
THAN HALF TOTAL DOSE/MIN. DOSAGE...MAY BE REPEATED IN 1-2 HR, THEN @ 10-12 HR
INTERVAL IF NEEDED. IN VERY SEVERE POISONINGS, DOSAGE...MAY BE DOUBLED. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE
PESTICIDES/
4. CAUTION: BE PREPD TO ASSIST PULMONARY VENTILATION IF RESP...DEPRESSED...
5. OBSERVE PT CLOSELY...@ LEAST 24 HR TO INSURE THAT SYMPTOMS (SWEATING, VISUAL
DISTURBANCES, VOMITING, DIARRHEA, CHEST & ABDOMINAL DISTRESS & SOMETIMES
PULMONARY EDEMA) DO NOT OCCUR AS ATROPINIZATION WEARS OFF. IN VERY SEVERE POISONINGS
BY.../INGESTION/ METABOLIC DISPOSITION OF TOXICANT MAY REQUIRE AS MANY AS 5-10
DAYS, DURING WHICH ATROPINIZATION MUST BE MAINTAINED. ... 6. BATHE & SHAMPOO...WITH
SOAP & WATER IF THERE IS ANY CHANCE THAT SKIN & HAIR...CONTAMINATED.
7. IF...INGESTED /& POISONING OCCURS/...EMPTY STOMACH & INTESTINE. A.
IF VICTIM...ALERT & RESP...NOT DEPRESSED, GIVE SYRUP OF IPECAC...TO INDUCE
VOMITING: ADULT (12 YR & OVER): 30 ML; CHILDREN UNDER 12 YR: 15 ML. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE
PESTICIDES/
7A. CAUTION: OBSERVE...CLOSELY AFTER...ADMIN IPECAC. IF CONSCIOUSNESS LEVEL
DECLINES, OR VOMITING HAS NOT OCCURRED IN 15 MIN...IMMEDIATELY INTUBATE STOMACH.
FOLLOWING EMESIS /PRC- ADMIN 30 G ACTIVATED CHARCOAL IN 3-4 OZ WATER (CHILDREN),
100 G IN 8-10 OZ WATER (ADULT)/...TO LIMIT ABSORPTION OF TOXICANT... B. IF /PT/...OBTUNDED
OR RESP...DEPRESSED, EMPTY STOMACH BY INTUBATION, ASPIRATION & LAVAGE, USING
/PRC- TAP WATER IN CHILDREN, ISOTONIC SALINE IN ADULTS/... BECAUSE MANY PESTICIDES...DISSOLVED
IN PETROLEUM DISTILLATES, EMESIS & INTUBATION...INVOLVE.../ASPIRATION RISK,
LEADING TO/ PNEUMONITIS. FOR THIS REASON: (A) IF.../PT/ UNCONSCIOUS OR OBTUNDED
& FACILITIES.../AVAILABLE/, INSERT ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE...PRIOR TO GASTRIC
INTUBATION. (B) KEEP VICTIM'S HEAD BELOW LEVEL OF STOMACH DURING INTUBATION
& LAVAGE... KEEP VICTIM'S HEAD TURNED TO LEFT. (C) ASPIRATE PHARYNX AS REGULARLY
AS POSSIBLE TO REMOVE GAGGED OR VOMITED STOMACH CONTENTS. /ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/
7C. AFTER ASPIRATION OF GASTRIC CONTENTS & WASHING OF STOMACH, INSTILL
/PRC- 30 G OF ACTIVATED CHARCOAL IN 3-4 OZ OF WATER (CHILDREN), 100 G IN 8-10
OZ WATER (ADULTS)/...THROUGH STOMACH TUBE TO LIMIT ABSORPTION OF REMAINING TOXICANT.
... D. IF BOWEL MOVEMENT HAS NOT OCCURRED IN 4 HR, &...PT IS FULLY CONSCIOUS,
GIVE SODIUM SULFATE, 0.25 G/KG, IN 6-8 OZ OF WATER, AS CATHARTIC. MAGNESIUM
SULFATE & CITRATE ARE EQUALLY SUITABLE... RETAINED MAGNESIUM MAY DEPRESS
CNS FUNCTION. 8. DO NOT ADMIN MORPHINE, AMINOPHYLLINE, PHENOTHIAZINES, OR RESERPINE,
FUROSEMIDE, OR ETHACRYNIC ACID... /ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/
10. ...IN SEVERE...POISONINGS, CONVULSIONS OCCUR WHICH ARE UNRESPONSIVE TO
ATROPINE & PRALIDOXIME. INSURE THAT CAUSES UNRELATED TO PESTICIDE TOXICITY
ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE... DIAZEPAM (VALIUM)...IS PROBABLY SAFEST & MOST RELIABLE
ANTICONVULSANT TO USE UNDER THESE CIRCUMSTANCES. ... 12. DO NOT ADMIN ATROPINE
OR PRALIDOXIME PROPHYLACTICALLY TO WORKERS EXPOSED TO ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES.
/ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES/
Animal Toxicity Studies:
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts:
...CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR.
MIPAFOX PRODUCES DEMYELINATING LESIONS IN SPINAL CORD & PERIPHERAL NERVES.
IN...EXPTL ANIMALS, AFTER APPARENT RECOVERY FROM...ATTACK OF ACUTE POISONING,
MUSCULAR WEAKNESS HAS LATER DEVELOPED... SHOULD LESIONS BE FOUND, THESE ARE
USUALLY SECONDARY TO SYMPTOMS, EG PULMONARY EDEMA, ASPHYXIA, GASTRO-ENTERITIS,
ETC.
IN CHICKENS, RABBITS...FLACCID PARALYSIS HAS BEEN DEMONSTRATED & APPEARS
TO RESULT FROM /PRC: SECONDARY/ DEMYELINATION OF NERVES... IN CHICKENS, SINGLE
DOSE OF 1.0 MG/KG ORALLY PRODUCED RESPONSE IN 10-14 DAYS. ... SIGNS OF TOXICITY,
EXCEPT FOR DEMYELINATION SYNDROME, ARE TYPICAL OF CLASS...
DAILY ADMIN OF MIPAFOX TO RATS FOR 35 DAYS PRODUCED ATAXIA & REDN IN LEVEL
OF DOPAMINE IN CORPUS STRIATUM.
Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics:
Metabolism/Metabolites:
/DIRECT CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS/...GROUP INCL...MIPAFOX.../&/ COMPD
EXERTING DIRECT INHIBITORY ACTION...ARE RAPIDLY HYDROLYZED BOTH PHYSICALLY &
ENZYMICALLY AS SOON AS THEY REACH TISSUES.
Biological Half-Life:
...DECOMP...BY ENZYMES OF PLANTS...HALF LIFE IS 7-8 DAYS.
Mechanism of Action:
The neurotoxic esterase fraction of hen brain
microsomal phenyl-valerate-hydrolyzing activity is the target for mipafox.
A direct method of assaying neurotoxic esterase (NTE) activity, using 4-nitrophenyl
valerate, was described. The technique was used to determine the bimolecular
rate, phosphorylation and affinity constants for the reaction of chicken brain
microsomal NTE with mipafox.
Pharmacology:
Drug Warnings:
Food and Environmental Agents: Effect on Breast-Feeding: Reported Sign or
Symptom in Infant or Effect on Lactation: Fluorides: None. /from Table 7/
Minimum Fatal Dose Level:
4. 4= VERY TOXIC: PROBABLE ORAL LETHAL DOSE (HUMAN) 50-500 MG/KG, BETWEEN
1 TEASPOON & 1 OZ FOR 70 KG PERSON (150 LB).
Environmental Fate & Exposure:
Environmental Abiotic Degradation:
...DECOMP SLOWLY IN WATER (HALF LIFE 200 DAYS @ PH 6)...
Environmental Standards & Regulations:
Chemical/Physical Properties:
Molecular Formula:
C6-H16-F-N2-O-P
Molecular Weight:
182.20
Color/Form:
CRYSTALS
Odor:
ODORLESS
Boiling Point:
125-126 DEG C @ 2 MM HG
Melting Point:
65 DEG C
Density/Specific Gravity:
1.2 @ 25 DEG C
Solubilities:
SOL IN WATER (8% @ ROOM TEMP) & IN POLAR ORG SOLVENTS; SLIGHTLY SOL IN
PETROLEUM OILS
Vapor Pressure:
0.001 MM HG @ 15 DEG C
Other Chemical/Physical Properties:
DECOMP BY ACID & ALKALI; COMMERCIAL PRODUCT HYGROSCOPIC
Chemical Safety & Handling:
Toxic Combustion Products:
SEE FLUORIDES & PHOSPHATES. ...WHEN HEATED TO DECOMP...THEY EMIT HIGHLY
TOXIC FUMES. /FLUORIDES/ ...WHEN HEATED TO DECOMP, CAN EMIT HIGHLY TOXIC FUMES
OF PO(X). /PHOSPHATES/
Hazardous Reactivities & Incompatibilities:
SEE FLUORIDES...ON CONTACT WITH ACID OR ACID FUMES, THEY EMIT HIGHLY TOXIC
FUMES. /FLUORIDES/
Stability/Shelf Life:
STABLE ALONE OR IN ANHYD ESTER SOLVENTS
Shipment Methods and Regulations:
No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation
in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous
material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition
for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations
(49 CFR 171-177)./
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations
are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions
618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed
by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.
Occupational Exposure Standards:
Manufacturing/Use Information:
Major Uses:
INSECTICIDE
Investigative chemical for neurotoxicology studies
Methods of Manufacturing:
BY REACTION OF ISOPROPYLAMINE WITH POCL3 IN INERT ANHYDROUS SOLVENT &
TREATMENT OF PRODUCT WITH STRONG AQ SOLN OF POTASSIUM OR AMMONIUM FLUORIDE.
US PATENT 2,678,334.
POUND ET AL, BRITISH PATENT 688,787 (1953 TO FISONS); HEATH, J CHEM SOC 1956,
3796.
General Manufacturing Information:
HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN FROM MARKET BEING SUSPECT AS CAUSE OF PARALYSIS OF TWO
OPERATORS...
/IT IS/ ABSORBED & TRANSLOCATED BY PLANT WHICH IS RENDERED SYSTEMICALLY
INSECTICIDAL TO SAP-FEEDING INSECTS & MITES.
Formulations/Preparations:
FOR EXPTL USE: ANHYD SOLN (50% ACTIVE INGREDIENT) WITH WETTING AGENT. USUALLY
APPLIED AS SPRAY IN CONCN 0.5-1.0% ACTIVE INGREDIENT.
Impurities:
MAIN IMPURITIES OF COMMERCIAL PRODUCT ARE HYDROLYTIC PRODUCTS & THE ISOPROPYLAMIDE
OF ORTHOPHOSPHORIC ACID...
Laboratory Methods:
Analytic Laboratory Methods:
PRESUMABLY GENERAL METHOD...FOR ENZYMIC DETERMINATION OF ORG PHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES
COULD BE APPLIED TO MEASURE ISOPESTOX AIR CONTAMINATION. PA GIANG & SA HALL,
ANAL CHEM, 23, 1830 (1951).
Special References:
Synonyms and Identifiers:
Synonyms:
BIS(ISOPROPYLAMIDO)FLUOROPHOSPHATE
**PEER REVIEWED**
BIS(ISOPROPYLAMINO)FLUOROPHOSPHINE OXIDE
**PEER REVIEWED**
BIS(MONOISOPROPYLAMINO)FLUOROPHOSPHATE
**PEER REVIEWED**
BIS(MONOISOPROPYLAMINO)FLUOROPHOSPHINE OXIDE
**PEER REVIEWED**
N,N'-DIISOPROPIL-FOSFORODIAMMIDO-FLUORURO [ITALIAN]
**PEER REVIEWED**
DI(ISOPROPYLAMIDO)PHOSPHORYL FLUORIDE
**PEER REVIEWED**
N,N(-DIISOPROPYL-DIAMIDO-FOSFORZUUR-FLUORIDE
[DUTCH]
**PEER REVIEWED**
N,N'-DIISOPROPYL-DIAMIDO-PHOSPHORSAEURE-FLUORID [GERMAN]
**PEER REVIEWED**
N,N'-DIISOPROPYLDIAMIDOPHOSPHORYL FLUORIDE
**PEER REVIEWED**
N,N'-DIISOPROPYLPHOSPHORODIAMIDIC FLUORIDE
**PEER REVIEWED**
FLUOROBISISOPROPYLAMINOPHOSPHINE OXIDE
**PEER REVIEWED**
FLUORURE DE N,N'-DIISOPROPYLE PHOSPHORODIAMIDE [FRENCH]
**PEER REVIEWED**
ISOPESTOX
**PEER REVIEWED**
PESTON XV
**PEER REVIEWED**
PESTOX 15
**PEER REVIEWED**
PESTOX XV
**PEER REVIEWED**
PHOSPHINE OXIDE, FLUOROBIS(ISOPROPYLAMINO)-
**PEER REVIEWED**
PHOSPHORODIAMIDIC FLUORIDE, N,N'-BIS(1-METHYLETHYL)-
**PEER REVIEWED**
PHOSPHORODIAMIDIC FLUORIDE, N,N'-DIISOPROPYL-
**PEER REVIEWED**
PHOSPHORODI(ISOPROPYLAMIDIC) FLUORIDE
**PEER REVIEWED**
Formulations/Preparations:
FOR EXPTL USE: ANHYD SOLN (50% ACTIVE INGREDIENT) WITH WETTING AGENT. USUALLY
APPLIED AS SPRAY IN CONCN 0.5-1.0% ACTIVE INGREDIENT.
Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO:
UN 2783; MIPAFOX
RTECS Number:
NIOSH/TD3675000
Administrative Information:
Hazardous Substances Databank Number: 1585
Last Revision Date: 20010809
Update History:
Complete Update on 08/09/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 05/16/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/28/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/09/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/08/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/02/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 12/27/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 11/18/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/21/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/26/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/29/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/02/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/23/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 05/08/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/23/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/13/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/21/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 11/10/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 12/28/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/27/1994, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/16/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/25/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 12/21/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/23/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/04/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/03/1986