Trifloxystrobin
CAS No. 141517-21-7
US Federal Register
 
 

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Adverse Effects

ACTIVITY: Fungicide (Strobin)

CAS Name: methyl (?E)-?-(methoxyimino)-2-[[[(E)-[1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]amino]oxy]methyl]benzeneacetate

Structure:

US Federal Register

Date Published Docket Identification Number Details

September 19, 2007

EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0539

Bayer CropScience. Pesticide tolerance. FINAL RULE. This regulation establishes a tolerance for combined residues of Trifloxystrobin and the acid metabolite CGA-321113, at higher levels than requested by Bayer, in or on

-- Grass, forage at 12 ppm (Bayer requested 10.0 ppm)
-- Grass, hay at 17 ppm (Bayer requested 14.0 ppm)

April 11, 2007: Human Health Risk Assessment for Section 3 Registration for the Proposed Uses on Grasses Grown for Seed.

Based upon review of the data supporting the petition, EPA has modified the tolerances proposed for grass, forage and grass, hay. The appropriate tolerances for grass forage and hay were calculated to be 12 and 17 ppm, respectively. Although residue data were also provided for grass straw and seed screenings, tolerances are not required on these commodities as the Agency no longer considers them to be significant livestock feedstuffs. The recommended tolerance levels for grass forage and hay were determined considering recent Agency Guidance (Guidance for Setting Pesticide Tolerances Based on Field Trial Data).

Conclusion. EPA has determined that reliable data show that it would be safe for infants and children to reduce the FQPA safety factor to 1X. That decision is based on the following findings:
i. The toxicity database for Trifloxystrobin is complete except for an acute neurotoxicity study which is classified as unacceptable. The toxicity database contains developmental toxicity studies in two species (rats and rabbits) and a 2-generation reproduction study in rats which are adequate to assess pre and/or post natal susceptibility to infants and children. Although the available, submitted acute neurotoxicity study was found to be unacceptable, based on a weight-of- the evidence review of the available data, the lack of this study does not impact the Agency's ability to make an FQPA safety factor decision. Given that there was no evidence of neurotoxicity in this study at the Limit Dose nor in the other subchronic and chronic studies in the database there is not an uncertainty concerning neurotoxic effects and EPA has reliable data to show that removal of the FQPA safety factor is safe for children. Additionally, these data demonstrate that a developmental neurotoxicity study is not required for this pesticide.

August 1, 2007 EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0539

Bayer CropScience. Pesticide Petition PP 6F7024. Proposal to establish a tolerance for residues of the fungicide trifloxystrobin in or on food commodities

-- grass, forage at 10.0 ppm
-- grass, hay at 14.0 ppm.

A practical analytical methodology for detecting and measuring levels of trifloxystrobin in or on raw agricultural commodities has been submitted. The limit of detection (LOD) for each analyte of this method is 0.08 ng injected, and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 0.02 ppm. The method is based on crop specific cleanup procedures and determination by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection.

September 22, 2006 EPA-HQ-OPP-2005-0299 Bayer CropScience. Pesticide Tolerance. FINAL RULE.
in or on
-- soybean, forage at 10.0 ppm
-- soybean, hay at 25.0 ppm
-- soybean, seed at 0.08 ppm.
September 13, 2006 EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0730

IR-4. Pesticide petition: PP 6E7088.
Proposing the establishment of new tolerances in or on
-- asparagus at 0.07 ppm
-- papaya at 0.4 ppm
-- sapote, black at 0.4 ppm
-- canistel at 0.4 ppm
-- sapote, mamey at 0.4 ppm
-- mango at 0.4 ppm
-- sapodilla at 0.4 ppm
-- star apple at 0.4 ppm
-- radish, tops at 20 ppm

-- vegetable, root, except sugar beet, subgroup 1B at 0.2 ppm

This subgroup includes 19 commodities.
beet, garden • burdock, edible • carrot • carrot culls • celeriac • chervil, turnip rooted • chicory root • ginseng • horseradish • parsley, turnip rooted • parsnip • radish • radish, oriental • rutabaga • salsify • salsify, black • salsify, spanish • skirret • turnip

June 28, 2006 EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0084

Notice of Receipt of Requests to Voluntarily Cancel Certain Pesticide Registrations.

EPA Registration No. Product Name Registrant
000264 WA-01-003 Stratego Fungicide Bayer Cropscience LP
2 T.W. Alexander Drive
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
March 29, 2006 EPA-HQ-OPP-2005-0299 Bayer CropScience and IR-4. Pesticide Tolerance. FINAL RULE.
This regulation establishes a tolerance for combined residues of trifloxystrobin and the free form of its acid metabolite CGA-321113 ((E,E)-methoxyimino-[2-[1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-ethylideneaminooxymethyl]-
phenyl]acetic acid) pesticide petition (PP 4F6892) in or on
Commodity
Parts per million
Registrant Pesticide Petition
Barley, grain
0.05
IR-4 PP 3E6769
Barley, hay
0.3
IR-4 PP 3E6769
Barley, straw
5.0
IR-4 PP 3E6769
Corn, sweet, cannery waste
0.6
BAYER PP 4F6892
Corn, sweet, forage
0.6
BAYER PP 4F6892
Corn, sweet, kernel plus cob with husks removed
0.04
BAYER PP 4F6892
Corn, sweet, stover
0.25
BAYER PP 4F6892
Oat, forage
0.3
IR-4 PP 3E6769
Oat, grain
0.05
IR-4 PP 3E6769
Oat, hay
0.3
IR-4 PP 3E6769
Oat, straw
5.0
IR-4 PP 3E6769

• Specific information on the studies received and the nature of the toxic effects caused by trifloxystrobin and CGA-321113 as well as the no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) and the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) from the toxicity studies can be found in the Federal Register of May 22, 2002

Effects cited only from rat studies: decreases in body weight, body weight gains, reduced food consumption and histopathological lesions in the liver, kidneys and spleen

Cancer. EPA determined that trifloxystrobin should be classified as a ``Not Likely Human Carcinogen.'' Due to the classification, no cancer exposure assessment was performed.

Conclusion. EPA determined that the 10X SF to protect infants and children should be reduced to 1X. The FQPA, SF is reduced because ...
iii. EPA determined that a developmental neurotoxicity study in rats is not required;
iv. Although an acute neurotoxicity study is required (the submitted study was unacceptable), the lack of an acute neurotoxicity study does not impact EPA's ability to make an FQPA safety factor decision because upgrading the study would not result in a lower NOAEL than what is present for the acute RfD ...

Jan 18, 2006 EPA-HQ-OPP-
2005-0546

IR-4. Amendment to Existing Tolerance. PP 3E6769.
IR-4, 681 U.S. Highway #1 South, North Brunswick, NJ 08902, proposes to amend 40 CFR 180.555 by establishing tolerances for the combined residues of the fungicide trifloxystrobin and the free form of its acid metabolite (CGA-32113) in or on the following food commodities. A practical analytical methodology for detecting and measuring levels of trifloxystrobin in or on food commodities has been submitted to the EPA. The limit of detection (LOD) for each analyte of this method is 0.08ng injected, and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 0.02 ppm. The method is based on crop specific cleanup procedures and determination by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. A description of the analytical method available for the detection and measurement of the pesticide chemical residues is available on EPA's Electronic Docket at http://www.regulations.gov/.

Commodity
PPM
barley, grain
0.05
barley, hay
0.3
barley, straw
5.0
oat, forage
0.3
oat, grain
0.05
oat, hay
0.3
oat, straw
5.0
Jan 4, 2006 EPA-HQ-OPP-2005-0299

Bayer CropScience. Pesticide Petitions for New Tolerances for Residues of Trifloxystrobin in or on Corn and Soybeans.

Bayer CropScience, P.O. Box 12014, 2 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, proposes the following new tolerances. The limit of detection (LOD) for each analyte of this method is 0.08 ng injected, and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) is 0.02 ppm. The method is based on crop-specific cleanup procedures and determination by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection.

Pesticide Petitions Commodity PPM
PP 4F6892 corn, sweet (kernel plus cob with husks removed) 0.04
PP 4F6892 corn, sweet, forage 0.6
PP 4F6892 corn, sweet, stover 0.25
PP 5F6956 soybean, seed 0.08
PP 5F6956 soybean, forage 8.0
PP 5F6956 soybean, hay 20.0
PP 5F6956 soybean, grain aspirated fractions 4.2
August 31, 2005 OPP-2005-0223

Pesticide Emergency Exemptions:

• Colorado. EPA authorized the use of trifloxystrobin on soybeans to control soybean rust; April 8, 2005 to November 10, 2007. Contact: (Andrew Ertman).
• Georgia. Quarantine: EPA authorized the use of trifloxystrobin on soybeans to
control soybean rust; April 8, 2005 to November 10, 2007. Contact:
(Andrew Ertman).
• New Jersey. Quarantine: EPA authorized the use of trifloxystrobin on soybeans to
control soybean rust; April 8, 2005 to November 10, 2007. Contact: (Andrew Ertman).
• Tennessee. Quarantine: EPA authorized the use of trifloxystrobin on soybeans to
control soybean rust; April 8, 2005 to November 10, 2007. Contact: (Andrew Ertman).
• Vermont. Quarantine: EPA authorized the use of trifloxystrobin on soybeans to
control soybean rust; June 23, 2005 to November 10, 2007. Contact: (Andrew Ertman).
• West Virginia. EPA authorized the use of trifloxystrobin on soybeans to control
soybean rust; April 8, 2005 to November 10, 2007. Contact: (Andrew Ertman).
• Wisconsin. EPA authorized the use of trifloxystrobin on soybeans to control
soybean rust; April 8, 2005 to November 10, 2007. Contact: (Andrew Ertman).

August 3, 2005 OPP-2005-0201

Cancellation of Pesticides for Non-payment of Year 2005 Registration Maintenance Fees.

Section 24(c) Registrations canceled for non-payment of the 2005
maintenance fee are shown in the following Table 1:

Table 1.--Section 24(c) Registrations Canceled for Non-Payment of Maintenance Fee

SLN no. Product Name
000264 ND-01-0003 Stratego Fungicide
June 24, 2005 OPP-2005-0155 Pesticide Tolerances for Emergency Exemptions. FINAL RULE.
Time-limited tolerances are established for combined residues of the fungicide trifloxystrobin and the free form of its acid metabolite CGA-321113 ((E,E)-methoxyimino-[2-[1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl) ethylideneaminooxymethyl]phenyl]acetic acid)
:
Commodity
Parts per million
Expiration/ revocation date
Soybean, forage
4.0
12/31/09
Soybean, hay
6.5
12/31/09
Soybean, seed
0.04
12/31/09

Exposure/scenario Study and toxicological effects
Acute dietary
(Females 13-49 years of age)
Developmental toxicity-- rat
LOAEL = 500 mg/kg/day based on increased fetal skeletal anomalies.
Chronic dietary
(All populations)
2-Generation reproduction study-- rat
LOAEL = 55.3 mg/kg/day based on decreases in body weight, body weight gains, reduced food consumption, and histopathological lesions in the liver, kidneys, and spleen.
Short- (1 to 30 days) and intermediate-term (1-6 months)
Oral
2-Generation reproduction study-- rat
LOAEL = 55.3 mg/kg/day based on reduced pup body weights during lactation.
Short- (1 to 30 days) and intermediate-term (1-6 months)
Dermal
28-Day dermal toxicity study--rat
LOAEL = 1,000 mg/kg/day based on increases in mean absolute and relative liver and kidney weights.
Long-term (> 6 months)
Dermal
2-Generation reproduction study-- rat
LOAEL = 55.3 mg/kg/day based on decreases in body weight, body weight gains, reduced food consumption, and histopathological lesions in the liver, kidneys, and spleen.
Short- (1 to 30 days), intermediate- (1-6 months), and long-term (> 6 months)
Inhalation
2-Generation reproduction study-- rat
LOAEL = 55.3 mg/kg/day based on decreases in body weight, body weight gains, reduced food consumption, and histopathological lesions in the liver, kidneys, and spleen.
Cancer
(Oral, dermal, and inhalation)
Classification: ``Not Likely Human Carcinogen,'' based on the lack of evidence of carcinogenicity in mouse and rat cancer studies. ["Accordingly, no additional cancer risk assessment was performed for trifloxystrobin."]
Feb 23, 2005 OPP-2005-0037 Pesticide Emergency Exemptions.
Minnesota Department of Agriculture
Quarantine: EPA authorized the use of trifloxystrobin on soybeans to control soybean rust; December 13, 2004, to December 1, 2007.
South Dakota Department of Agriculture
Quarantine: EPA authorized the use of trifloxystrobin on soybeans to control soybean rust; December 13, 2004, to December 1, 2007.
Oct 27, 2004 OPP-2004-0338 Cancellation of Pesticides for Non-payment of Year 2004 Registration Maintenance Fees.
Table 1.--Section 24(c) Registrations Canceled for Non-Payment of
Maintenance Fee
Name of Pesticide Product Name Registrant SLN No.
Trifloxystrobin Stratego Fungicide Bayer Cropscience Lp 003125 OR-03-0005
Sept 10, 2003 OPP-2003-0244

Pesticide Tolerance. FINAL RULE.
-- Trifloxystrobin is currently registered for use on the following residential non-dietary sites: Turfgrass and ornamental (CompassTM).
-- EPA determined that a developmental neurotoxicity study in rats is not required.
--
Although an acute neurotoxicity study is required (the submitted study was unacceptable), the lack of an acute neurotoxicity study does not impact EPA's ability to make an FQPA SF decision.
-- For the toxic effects caused by trifloxystrobin EPA directs you to the May 22, 2002, Federal Registe.
--
Developmental toxicity- Rat. LOAEL = 500 mg/kg/day,. based upon increased fetal skeletal anomalies
-- 2-generation reproduction study-Rat. LOAEL = 55.3 mg/kg/day, based upon decreases in body weight, body weight gains, reduced food consumption and histopathological lesions in the liver, kidneys and spleen and pup body weights during lactation
-- 28-Day dermal toxicity study-Rat. LOAEL = 1,000 mg/kg/day, based upon increases in mean absolute and relative liver and kidney weights

PESTICIDE TOLERANCE:
Leaf petioles subgroup 4B - which include -

All at 3.5 ppm
   
amaranth, leafy celtuce
cardoon fennel, florence
celery rhubarb
celery, chinese swiss chard

PESTICIDE TOLERANCE:
Vegetable, root, except sugar beet, subgroup 1B, except radish

All at 0.10 ppm 
beet, garden
chicory root
rutabaga
burdock, edible
ginseng
salsify
carrot
horseradish
salsify, black
carrot culls
parsley, turnip rooted
salsify, spanish
celeriac
parsnip
skirret
chervil, turnip rooted

radish, oriental

FAN Note: Under subgroup 1B, "radish" is listed. If EPA was specific on its exception, then "radish, oriental" would not be exempt. Needs clarification.

turnip
March 5, 2003 OPP-2003-0047  BAYER, IR-4. Petition for Pesticide Tolerance for residues in or on the raw agricultural commodities vegetable, root, except sugar beet, subgroup 1B, except radish at 0.1 ppm and leafy petiole subgroup 4B at 2.0 ppm.
-- EPA has determined that trifloxystrobin parent and its metabolite CGA-321113 are the residues of concern for tolerance setting purposes.
-- The liver appears to be the major primary target organ based on the chronic studies conducted in mice, rats, and dogs...
-- Genotoxicity. The only positive finding was seen in the in vitro test system (chinese hamster V79 cells) as a slight increase in mutant frequency at a very narrow range (250 - 278 micrograms/milliliter ([mu]g/ml) of cytologic and precipitating concentrations..
.
-- In the rat teratology study, reductions in body weight gain and food consumption were observed in the dam at >=100 mg/kg... increased incidence of enlarged thymus, which is a type of variation, at 1,000 mg/kg. The developmental no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was 100 mg/kg.
-- In the rabbit teratology study, body weight loss and dramatically reduced food consumption were observed in the dam at >=250 mg/kg. No teratogenic effects or any other effects were seen on pregnancy or fetal parameters except for the increase in skeletal anomaly of fused sternebrae-3 and -4 at the top dose level of 500 mg/kg...
-- In the 2-generation rat reproduction study, body weight gain and food consumption were decreased at >=750 ppm, especially in females during lactation. Consequently, the reduced pup weight gain during lactation (>=750 ppm) and the slight delay in eye opening (1,500 ppm) are judged to be a secondary effect of maternal toxicity. No other fetal effects or any reproductive changes were noted. The low developmental NOAEL, 50 ppm (5 mg/kg), seen in this study was probably due to the lack of intermediate dose levels between 50 and 750 ppm. Based on an evaluation of the dose-response relationship for pup weight at 750 ppm and 1,500 ppm, the NOAEL should have been nearly ten-fold higher if such a dose was available. Based on all these teratology and reproduction studies, the lowest NOAEL for developmental toxicity is 5 mg/kg while the lowest NOAEL in the subchronic and chronic studies is 2.5 mg/kg/day (from the rat chronic study).
... In subchronic studies, several mortality related changes were reported for the top dose in dogs (500 mg/kg) and rats (800 mg/kg). At these dose levels, excessive toxicity has resulted in body weight loss and mortality with the associated and nonspecific changes in several organs (such as atrophy in the thymus, pancreas, bone marrow, lymph node, and spleen) which are not considered specific target organs for the test compound.
-- In the dog, specific effects were limited to hepatocellular hypertrophy at >=150 mg/kg and hyperplasia of the epithelium of the gall bladder at 500 mg/kg. Target organ effects in the rat were noted as hepatocellular hypertrophy (>=200 mg/kg) and the related liver weight increase (>=50 mg/kg). In the mouse, target organ effects included single cell necrosis (>=300 mg/kg) and hypertrophy (1,050 mg/ kg) in the liver and extramedullary hematopoiesis (>=300 mg/kg) and hemosiderosis in the spleen (1,050 mg/kg).
 
May 22, 2002 OPP-2002- 0052

BAYER - Pesticide Tolerance. FINAL RULE. This regulation establishes tolerances for trifloxystrobin regulated as trifloxystrobin and the free form of its acid metabolite CGA-321113 in or on fruit, stone, group (2 ppm); nut, tree, group (o.04 ppm); pistachio (0.04 ppm); corn, field, grains (0.05 ppm); corn, field, forage (0.2 ppm); corn field stover (7 ppm); corn, field, refined oil (0.1 ppm); corn, pop, grain (0.05 ppm); corn, pop, stove (7 ppm)r; rice, grain (3.5 ppm); rice, hulls (8 ppm); rice, straw (7.5 ppm); citrus, dried pulp (0.8 ppm); citrus oil (30 ppm); fruit, citrus, group (0.3 ppm) ; egg (0.04 ppm); poultry, fat (0.04 ppm); poultry, meat (0.04 ppm); and poultry, meat by products (0.04 ppm).

Nov 14, 2001 PF-1048

BAYER - Pesticide Petition to Establish Tolerances in or on: barley grain at 0.05 ppm, straw at 0.05 ppm, barley hay at 0.2 ppm; citrus fruits crop group at 0.3 ppm, citrus oil at 7.0 ppm; corn grain at 0.05 ppm, corn forage at 0.05 ppm, corn stover at 7.0 ppm; aspirated grain fractions at 0.1 ppm, popcorn grain at 0.05 ppm, popcorn stover at 7.0 ppm; rice grain at 3.5 ppm, rice straw at 7.5 ppm; tree nuts crop group at 0.05 ppm; stone fruits crop group at 2.0 ppm; poultry (fat, kidney, liver, meat by-products, meat) at 0.05 ppm; and pistachio at 0.05 ppm. Docket control number PF-1048

August 31, 2001 PF-1040

BAYER - Petition for Pesticide Residue Tolerances in or on the raw agricultural commodity barley grain at 0.05 ppm, straw at 0.05 ppm, barley hay at 0.2 ppm, citrus fruits group at 0.3 ppm, citrus oil at 7.0 ppm, corn forage at 0.05 ppm, corn stover at 7.0 ppm, aspirated grain fractions at 0.1 ppm, popcorn grain at 0.05 ppm, popcorn stover at 7.0 ppm, pecans at 0.05 ppm, rice grain at 3.5 ppm, rice straw at 7.5 ppm, stone fruits crops group at 2.0 ppm, and poultry (fat, kidney, liver, meat by-products, meats at 0.5 ppm).

Dec 20, 2000 OPP-181078 Pesticide Emergency Exemptions. In Idaho, US EPA authorized use on hops to control powdery mildew; 4/13/00 to 9/22/00. In Oregon, US EPA authorized use on hops to control powdery mildew; 4/13/00 to 9/22/00. In Washington, US EPA authorized use on hops to control powdery mildew; 4/13/00 to 9/22/00.
May 19, 2000 PF-912A

NOVARTIS - Petition for Tolerances for the combined residues of trifloxystrobin and its metabolite, CGA-321113, in or on the raw agricultural commodities almond nutmeat at 0.04 parts per million (ppm); almond hulls at 3.0 ppm; hops dried cones at 11.0 ppm; sugar beet roots at 0.1 ppm; sugar beet tops at 4.0 ppm; sugar beet dried pulp at 0.4 ppm; sugar beet molasses at 0.2 ppm; potato tubers at 0.04 ppm; fruiting vegetables at 0.5 ppm; wheat grain at 0.05 ppm; wheat forage at 0.3 ppm; wheat hay at 0.2; wheat straw at 5.0 ppm; wheat bran 0.15 ppm; and asperated grain fractions at 5.0 ppm.

Jan 19, 2000 PF-912

NOVARTIS - Petition for tolerance for residues in or on the raw agricultural commodities almond nutmeats at 0.02 ppm, almond hulls at 1.5 ppm, fruiting vegetables crop group at 0.7 ppm, hops - dried cones at 11 ppm, potato tubers at 0.02 ppm, sugarbeet roots at 0.05 ppm, sugarbeet tops at 2.5 ppm, sugarbeet dried pulp at 0.25 ppm, wheat grain at 0.05 ppm, wheat forage at 0.03 ppm, wheat hay at 0.2 ppm, wheat straw at 0.05 ppm, and wheat aspirated grain fractions at 0.5 ppm.

Sept 27, 1999 OPP-300922

NOVARTIS - Pesticide Tolerance. - FINAL RULE. This regulation establishes tolerances for trifloxystrobin regulated as trifloxystrobin and the free form of its acid metabolite CGA-321113 in or on pome fruit, cucurbit vegetables, grapes, raisins, peanuts, peanut hay, wet apple pomace, milk, meat, fat and meat by- products of cattle, goats, hogs, horses and sheep and bananas.

August 26, 1999 PF-819A

NOVARTIS - Amended Petition to increase the tolerance levels for residues in or on the raw agricultural commodities pome fruit at 0.50 ppm, cucurbit vegetables at 0.50 ppm, grapes at 2.0 ppm, raisins at 5.0 ppm, peanuts at 0.05 ppm, peanut hay at 4.0 ppm, wet apple pomace at 5.0 ppm, milk at 0.02 ppm, meat, fat and meat by-products of cattle, goats, hogs, horses and sheep at 0.05 ppm and imported bananas at 0.1 ppm.

April 8, 1999 OPP-30471
  • NOVARTIS - Application to Register 3 pesticide products.
  • File Symbol: 100-ORO. Product Name: CGA-279202 WG. Fungicide. Active ingredient: Trifloxystrobin 50.0%. Proposed classification/Use: General. For control of certain diseases on pome fruits, peanuts, grapes, curcurbits, and bananas.
  • File Symbol: 100-ORI. Product Name: CGA-279202 Technical. Fungicide. Active ingredient: Trifloxystrobin 98%. Proposed classification/Use: General. For formulating use only.
  • File Symbol: 100-OEN. Product Name: CGA-279202 WG Turf. Fungicide. Active ingredient: Trifloxystrobin 50.0%. Proposed classification/Use: General. For use on turf grass.
August 17, 1998 PF-819

NOVARTIS - Pesticide Tolerance Petition for residues of CGA-279202 in or on the raw agricultural commodity on pome fruit at 0.4 ppm, cucurbit vegetables at 0.25 ppm, grapes at 1.5 ppm, peanuts at 0.02 ppm, peanut hay at 4.0 ppm, apple pomace at 1.5 ppm and imported bananas at 0.1 ppm.

 
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