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Adverse
Effects
ACTIVITY:
Herbicide
(pyrazolylphenyl)
CAS Name
for
Pyraflufen:
[2-chloro-5-[4-chloro-5-(difluoromethoxy)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-4-fluorophenoxy]acetic
acid
NOTES:
This compound is normally used as a salt or an ester, the identity
of which should be stated, for example pyraflufen-ethyl.
Structure
for Pyraflufen:
|
Date
Published |
Docket
Identification Number |
Details |
June 27, 2007
|
EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0366
|
Nichino
America, Inc. Pesticide
Petition. PP 7F7190. Proposal to establish a tolerance
for residues of the herbicide, pyraflufen-ethyl and its acid
metabolite, E-1 (2-chloro-5-(4-chloro-5-difluoromethoxy-(1-methyl-1H-
pyrazol-3-yl)-4-fluorophenoxyacetic acid), expressed in terms
of the parent in or on food commodities:
Soybeans, forage |
0.05 ppm |
soybeans, hay |
0.1 ppm |
grass, forage, crop
group 17 |
1.0 ppm |
grass, hay, crop
group 17 |
1.2 ppm |
Aqueous organic solvent extraction, column
clean up, and quantitation by GC is used to measure and evaluate
the chemical residues. |
May
21, 2003 |
OPP-2003-0163 |
NICHINO
AMERICA. Pesticide
Tolerance. FINAL
RULE. This regulation establishes
a tolerance for combined residues of pyraflufen and pyraflufen-ethyl
in or on
-- Cotton, gin byproduct............ 1.5
-- Cotton, undelinted seed........0.04
-- Cancer Classification:
``Likely to be Carcinogenic to
Humans'' by the oral route Q1*
= 3.32 x 10-2 (mg/kg/day)-1
-- Inhalation1 long-term (< 6 months) Oral NOAEL= 20 1X
Mouse carcinogenicity. LOAEL = 98 mg/kg/day based
on liver toxicity.
-- Inhalation1 intermediate-term (1-6 months) Oral NOAEL=
20 1X Mouse carcinogenicity. LOAEL = 98 mg/kg/day based on
liver toxicity at interim sacrifice.
-- Inhalation1 short-term (1-30 days)
Oral NOAEL= 20 1X Developmental toxicity- rabbit. LOAEL =
60 mg/kg/day based on decreases in bwt
and food consumption, GI observations, and abortions.
-- Chronic dietary. Mouse carcinogenicity. Chronic RfD = 0.20
mg/ kg/day. LOAEL = 98 mg/kg/day. based on liver
toxicity.
-- Pyraflufen-ethyl is currently
registered for use on the following residential non-dietary
sites: Airports, nurseries, ornamental
turf, golf courses, roadsides, and railroads. |
April
30, 2003 |
OPP-2003-0110. |
Nichino
America. Pesticide
tolerances. FINAL RULE established for combined
residues of the herbicide pyraflufen-ethyl (ethyl 2-chloro-5-(4-chloro-5-difluoromethoxy-1-
methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-fluorophenoxyacetate) and its acid
metabolite, E-1 (2-chloro-5-(4-chloro-5-difluoromethoxy-1-methyl-1H-
pyrazol-3-yl)-4-fluorophenoxyacetic acid)•,
expressed as the ester equivalent in or on
Commodity |
Parts
per million |
Corn,
field, forage |
0.01 |
Corn,
field, grain |
0.01 |
Corn,
field, stover |
0.01 |
Potato |
0.02 |
Soybean,
forage |
0.01 |
Soybean,
hay |
0.01 |
Soybean,
seed |
0.01 |
-- Cancer
Classification: ``Likely
to be Carcinogenic to Humans'' by the oral route.
-- Mouse Carcinogenicity LOAEL = 98
mg/kg/day based on liver toxicty
-- Developmental toxicity- rabbit.
LOAEL = 60 mg/kg/day based on decreases
in bwt and food consumption,
GI observations, and abortions
•
--
Note from FAN; this metabolite is Pyraflufen. |
Nov
20, 2002 |
OPP-2002-0126
|
Nichino
America. Pesticide
petition to establish tolerances for combined residues of
pyraflufen-ethyl and its acid metabolite
in or on the raw agricultural commodities (RACs) derived from
cotton; undelinted seed at 0.05 ppm; and gin byproducts at 1.5
ppm; in or on the RAC potato at 0.02 ppm; in or on the RACs
corn grain, corn stover, corn forage, soybean seed, soybean
forage, and soybean hay at 0.01 ppm; wheat forage, wheat hay,
wheat straw, and wheat grain at 0.01 ppm.
It
is being proposed that pyraflufen-ethyl be registered in the
following non-food sites: airports, commercial plants,
fence lines, farmyards, and farm buildings; storage and lumber
yards; barrier strips and firebreaks; equipment areas, nurseries
and ornamental plantings; established ornamental turf; railroad,
roadside, and utility rights-of-ways; dry ditches and ditch
banks; fuel tank farms and pumping stations; other similar
non-crop areas
-- Rabbits fed pyraflufen-ethyl at 0, 20, 60, or 150 mg/kg/day,
resulted in severe maternal toxicity, including lethality,
from gastrointestinal irritation
at doses of 60 and 150 mg/kg/day. The maternal NOAEL was 20
mg/kg/day. The
NOAEL for the offspring was 60 mg/ kg/day, based on
increased post-implantation loss observed at 150 mg/
kg/day.
-- A 90-day rat feeding study was conducted at dose levels
of 0, 200, 1,000, 5,000, or 15,000 ppm pyraflufen-ethyl. The
NOAEL in this study was considered to be 1,000 ppm (85.6 mg/kg/day
for males and 95.4 mg/ kg/day for females), based on slightly
increased phosphorous concentrations in females and
hepatocytic hypertrophy in males at
5,000 ppm. In addition, the highest dose of 15,000
ppm resulted in erythocyte toxicity, mitochondrial changes
in the hepatocytes and the presence of Kupffer cells. Also,
at the high dose level increased kidney weights in males and
increased absolute and relative spleen weights in both sexes
were observed.
-- In a 2-year chronic toxicity/oncogenicity study, pyraflufen-ethyl
was administered to CD rats at dietary levels of 0, 80, 400,
2,000, or 10,000 ppm (equivalent to 0, 3.4, 17.2, 86.7, and
468.1 mg/kg/day for males and 0, 4.4, 21.8, 111.5, and 578.5
mg/kg/day for females). Mortality was unaffected by treatment.
Body weight gain was statistically significantly depressed
for those rats fed 10,000 ppm at 1-year compared to the control.
Treatment-related histopathology was seen in the kidney, liver,
and bile duct at 10, 000 ppm. At 2,000 and 10,000 ppm, vacuoles
within the mitochondria of centriacinar and periacinar hepatocytes
were seen. Effects on urine volume,
urine specific gravity, and kidney weights were seen at 2,000
ppm in males. The NOAEL was 17.2 mg/kg/day for males
and 21.8 mg/kg/day for females. No evidence of carcinogenicity
was observed.
-- In a 78-week carcinogenicity study, mice were fed pyraflufen-ethyl
in the diet at levels of 0, 200, 1,000, or 5,000 ppm (equivalent
to 0, 21, 110, 547 mg/kg/day for males and 0. 20, 98, 524
mg/kg/day for females). An maximum tolerance
dose (MTD) was reached at 1,000 ppm, based on increased liver
weight and liver histopathological changes (including necrosis)
seen at this feeding level. In the highest dose group,
effects of pyraflufen-ethyl on hematological parameters were
observed. The incidence of hepatocellular
adenoma was increased in animals receiving 5,000 ppm,
compared to controls. This benign tumor was likely induced
by the adaptive response to the hepatocellular degeneration
and not as a result of any genotoxic potential of pyraflufen-ethyl.
In addition the response was observed only at a dose level
that was in excess of an MTD. |
Nov
13, 2002 |
OPP-2002-
0279 |
Nichino
America. Pyraflufen-ethyl.
Pesticide Products; Registration Applications. 1.
File symbol: 71771-T. Product name: ET-751 2.5% EC Herbicide.
Product type: Herbicide. Active ingredient: Pyraflufen-ethyl
(ethyl 2-chloro-5-(4-chloro-5-difluoromethoxy-1-methylpyrazol-3-yl)-4-
fluorophenoxyacetate) at 2.5%.
Proposed classification/Use: None. For
use on terrestrial non-cropland to control broadleaf weeds.
2. File
symbol: 71711-A. Product name: ET-751 Technical. Product type:
Herbicide. Active ingredient: Pyraflufen-ethyl
at 97.9%.
Proposed classification/Use: None. For
manufacturing use of end-use products to be used to control
certain broadleaf weeds on terrestrial non-cropland. |
|