http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11030116&dopt=Abstract
Gig Sanit
2000; Sep-Oct;(5):59-60
Toxicity and hazards
of the herbicide starane 2000.
[Article
in Russian]
Zakirova
NB
The paper
deals with the burning problem in the evaluation of the toxicity
and hazards of the new herbicide Starane 200. The main disadvantage
of its use is ambient air pollution in the working area. The
pollution preserves within 2 hours after its treatment. Starane
200 preserves in the soil and water within 60 and 10 days, respectively.
The agent is classified as a moderately hazardous agent by the
parameters of acute intragastric toxicity. The cumulative properties
of the agent are slight. The ineffective dose of Starane 200
was 1.2 mg/kg given intragastrically to albino rats in a 12-month
experiment.
PMID: 11030116
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Full
free article available at
http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/28/7/755
Drug Metab
Dispos; 2000 Jul;28(7):755-9
Metabolism of
fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr methyl ester, and the herbicide fluroxypyr
methylheptyl ester. II: in rat
skin homogenates.
Hewitt
PG, Perkins J, Hotchkiss SA
Section
of Molecular Toxicology, Imperial College School of Medicine,
South Kensington, London, United Kingdom. phillip.hewitt@merck.de
Fluroxypyr
methyl ester (FPM) and the herbicide fluroxypyr methylheptyl
ester (FPMH) are completely hydrolyzed during penetration through
human and rat skin in vitro to the acid metabolite, fluroxypyr
(FP) (). This article presents additional studies to determine
the enzyme kinetics (K(m) and V(max)) of this ester hydrolysis,
using crude rat whole-skin homogenate. Both FPM and FPMH were
extensively metabolized in rat skin homogenates to the acid
metabolite, FP. In no instance were any other metabolites detected.
FPM was essentially hydrolyzed completely within 1 h. In FPMH
incubations, there was still parent ester present after 24 h
at all concentrations tested. The kinetics of hydrolysis of
the two esters were different: V(max) was approximately 3-fold
greater for FPM than FPMH (1400 and 490 micromol FP/min/g of
tissue, respectively); however, K(m) values were very similar,
251 and 256 microM, respectively. Preliminary inhibitory studies
suggest that FPM and FPMH are hydrolyzed by a carboxylesterase,
because this reaction was inhibited by bis-p-nitrophenyl phosphate.
Mercuric chloride (an inhibitor of A-esterase and arylesterase)
and eserine (a cholinesterase inhibitor) had no inhibitory effect
on the hydrolysis of FPM or FPMH. Taken together with the data
presented by, it can be concluded that no parent ester will
pass through the skin in vivo, only the metabolite, FP. Therefore,
first pass metabolism will be complete before these compounds
reach the systemic circulation.
PMID: 10859148
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Full
free article available at http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/28/7/748
Drug Metab
Dispos 2000; Jul;28(7):748-54
Metabolism of
fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr methyl ester, and the herbicide fluroxypyr
methylheptyl ester.
I: during percutaneous absorption through fresh rat and
human skin in vitro.
Hewitt
PG, Perkins J, Hotchkiss SA
Section
of Molecular Toxicology, Imperial College School of Medicine,
South Kensington, London, UK. phillip.hewitt@merck.de
Percutaneous
absorption of pesticides is a major determinant for risk assessment.
Furthermore, cutaneous metabolism plays a role in penetration
of certain chemicals. Therefore, the aim of these studies was
to determine the transdermal metabolism of three related compounds
[the herbicide, fluroxypyr methylheptyl ester (FPMH), fluroxypyr
methyl ester (FPM), and fluroxypyr (FP)] during penetration
through human and rat skin in vitro. The data presented in this
article show that both FPM and FPMH were completely metabolized
during their passage through human and rat skin in vitro. The
only metabolite produced was that of the hydrolysis product,
FP, with no parent ester penetrating through the skin. The extent
of FP formation within the skin was directly correlated to the
degree of stratum corneum reservoir formation. The larger the
stratum corneum reservoir, the lower the levels of FP recovered
from within the skin. This suggests that as the ester partitioned
out of the SC it was immediately hydrolyzed to FP, which could
then pass freely through the remainder of the epidermis and
dermis. Similar metabolic profiles were observed for the transdermal
metabolism of FPM and FPMH in previously frozen rat skin, indicating
the robust nature of the esterase enzymes involved. In conclusion,
systemic exposure after skin contact with FPM or FPMH is likely
to be to the acid metabolite, FP, only and not to the parent
ester. In addition, the rate and extent of percutaneous absorption
will be a major determinant of cutaneous metabolism.
PMID: 10859147
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
From Toxline at Toxnet
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION; 7 (10). 1998.
929-940.
DNA damage in mononuclear leukocytes
of farmers measured using the alkaline comet assay: Modifications
of DNA damage levels after a one-day field spraying period with
selected pesticides.
LEBAILLY P, VIGREUX C, LECHEVREL C, LEDEMENEY
D, GODARD T, SICHEL F, LETALAER JY, HENRY-AMAR M, GAUDUCHON
P
Laboratoire de Cancerologie Experimentale, Centre Francois
Baclesse, Route de Lion-sur-Mer, 14076 CAEN Cedex, France.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. The alkaline comet assay was used
to assess DNA damage in mononuclear leukocytes of farmers before
and after a 1-day spraying period with selected pesticides under
usual conditions. Two blood samples were collected, one in the
morning of the day of spraying (S0) and the second in the morning
of the day after (S1). Here, we assessed variations in DNA damage
levels between these two sampling times. Four groups of farmers
were formed, according to exposure to:
(a) various fungicide-insecticide mixtures (including chlorothalonil;
group 1, n = 8),
(b) the herbicide isoproturon (group 2, n = 11),
(c) fungicide triazoles (group 3, n = 14), and
(d) a fungicide (chlorothalonil)-insecticide mixture (group
4, n = 8).
An increase in DNA damage levels was observed at S1 for groups
1 and 4, who were exposed to similar pesticides. This increase
was correlated with area sprayed between S0 and S1 and with
the number of spraying tanks used over this 1-day period. No
effect was observed o [abstract truncated]
CAS Registry Numbers: [•
Fluorinated pesticides]
•
133855-98-8 - Epoxiconazole
• 102851-06-9 - Tau-fluvalinate
• 91465-08-6 - Lambda-cyhalothrin
• 83164-33-4 - Diflufenican
• 82657-04-3 - Bifenthrin
• 76674-21-0 - Flutriafol
• 69377-81-7 - Fluroxypyr
139528-85-1 - Metosulam
121552-61-2 - Cyprodinil
120923-37-7 - Amidosulfuron
107534-96-3 - Tebuconazole
94361-06-5 - Cyproconazole
81405-85-8 - Imazamethabenz
74223-64-6 - Metsulfuron
74051-80-2 - Sethoxydim
67306-03-0 - Fenpropimorph
67306-00-7 - Fenpropidin
53112-28-0 - Pyrimethanil |
52918-63-5
- Deltamethrin [note: brominated]
42576-02-3 - Bifenox
36734-19-7 - Iprodione
34123-59-6 - Isoproturon
25057-89-0 - Bentazone
16672-87-0 - Ethephon
10605-21-7 - Carbendazim
1912-24-9 - Atrazine
1897-45-6 - Chlorothalonil
1702-17-6 - Clopyralid
1689-84-5 - Bromoxynil [note:
brominated]
1689-83-4 - Ioxynil [note:
iodinated]
1113-02-6 - Omethoate
640-15-3 - Thiometon
301-12-2 - Oxydemeton-methy
115-29-7 - Endosulfan
94-74-6 - MCPA
93-65-2 - Mecoprop |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1450574&dopt=Abstract
Bull Environ
Contam Toxicol; 1992 Dec;49(6):914-21
Effects of different
dilution water types on the acute toxicity to juvenile Pacific
salmon and rainbow trout of fluroxypyr formulated product XRM-5084.
Wan
MT, Watts RG, Moul DJ
Environment
Canada, Pacific & Yukon Region, West Esplanade, North Vancouver,
British Columbia.
No
Abstract
PMID: 1450574
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Pestic. Sci.,
29(4):405-417.. 1990
Leaching Potential
and Decomposition of Fluroxypyr in Swedish Soils Under Field
Conditions
Bergstrom,
L.F
The mobility
and decomposition of the herbicide fluroxypyr was studied under
field conditions in a sandy soil and a clay soil. Leachate was
collected in lysimeters with undisturbed soil (sand) and in
tile-drained plots (clay). Soil samples to a depth of one metre
were also collected in both soils to characterize the temporal
depth distribution of fluroxypyr in the profiles. The herbicide
was applied as the 1-methytheptyl ester of fluroxypyr at two
rates. 187.5 and 375.0 g.a.e. ha1, representing the normal and
double the dose of the compound used for spring cereals. Only
two leachate samples (one from each soil) had concentrations
of fluroxypyr above the detection limit (1microgram litre),e.e.
2 and 5microg litre. Both samples were collected within two
months after application, when less than 2 mm of drainage had
been collected. The methylheptyl ester of fluroxypyr was not
found in any of the samples. Fluroxypyr levels above the detection
limit in soil (5mg/kg dry soil), were never found below the
topsoil (0.2m) in the clay profile, while, in the sandy profile,
levels just above the detection limit were occasionally in deeper
soil layers. concentrations were reduced to undetectable or
very low levels within three months after spraying.
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