Abstracts
Flufenoxuron
CAS No. 101463-69-8
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ACTIVITY: Acaricide, Insecticide (Benzoylurea)

CAS Name: N-[[[4-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-fluorophenyl]amino]carbonyl]-2,6-difluorobenzamide

Structure:



Report available from The National Technical Information Service (NTIS) -
see http://www.ntis.gov/
Order No. Title Abstract / Keywords Source
NTIS/OTS0539149
1992 - INITIAL SUBMISSION: WL115110: A CKA EMBRYOTOXICITY STUDY IN RATS (FINAL REPORT) WITH COVER LETTER DATED 04-02-92

Benzamide, n-(((4-(2-chloro-4-(trifluoro- methyl)phenoxy)-2-fluorophenyl)amino0carbonyl)-2,6-difluoro- (CAS# 101463-69-8) was evaluated for maternal and reproductive toxicity. The test substance was administered by oral gavage to 3 groups of 15 rats (Fischer strain) at doses of 0, 10, and 1000 mg/Kg/day on days 8 through 17 of gestation. No dams died during this study and all pregnant animals produced litters with no abnormal pups. Four dams in the high dose group failed to lactate properly. Of these four animals, 2 showed no signs of milk production and their litters died and the others had reduced milk production which caused reduced weight gain of the pups. The lactation effect was reported to be a non-specific effect of the high dose level. The NOEL for embryotoxicity in this study was reported to be 10 mg/Kg/day.

Keywords:
SHELL OIL CO
WL 115110
HEALTH EFFECTS
REPRODUCTION/FERTILITY EFFECTS
TERATOGENICITY
MAMMALS
RATS
ORAL
GAVAGE

EPA/OTS; Doc #88-920002054

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16786494&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum

Pest Manag Sci. 2006 Aug;62(8):752-8.

Hazards and uptake of chitin synthesis inhibitors in bumblebees Bombus terrestris.

Mommaerts V, Sterk G, Smagghe G.

Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.

This research project examined the potential hazards of a major class of insect growth regulators (IGRs) to survival, reproduction and larval growth in bumblebees Bombus terrestris L. Eight chitin synthesis inhibitors (CSIs) were tested: buprofezin, cyromazine, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, lufenuron, novaluron and teflubenzuron. These different IGRs, which are important in the control of pest insects in greenhouses, were applied via three different routes of exposure under laboratory conditions: dermal contact, and orally via the drinking of sugar/water and via pollen. The compounds were tested at their respective maximum field recommended concentrations (MFRC) and also in dose-response assays to calculate LC(50) values. In general, none of the CSIs showed acute worker toxicity. However, there was a dramatic reduction in brood production, especially after oral treatment with pollen and sugar/water. Conspicuously, egg fertility was reduced in all treatments with diflubenzuron and teflubenzuron. In addition to egg mortality, the worker bumblebees removed larvae from the treated nest, and in most cases these individuals were dead first-second instars. Under a binocular microscope, such larvae showed an abnormally formed cuticle leading to mechanical weakness and death. In another series of experiments using (14)C-diflubenzuron and (14)C-flufenoxuron, cuticular penetration in workers was studied for a better understanding of the differences in toxicity. With (14)C-diflubenzuron, transovarial transport and accumulation in the deposited eggs supported the strong reproductive effects. Overall, the present results suggest that CSIs should be applied with caution in combination with bumblebees. The compatibility of each compound to be used in combination with B. terrestris is discussed in relation to calculated LC(50) values, routes of uptake and effects.

PMID: 16786494 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

NOTE from FAN: 6 of the 8 pesticides tested are fluorinated: diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, lufenuron, novaluron and teflubenzuron

 

J AOAC Int 2001 May-Jun;84(3):901-9

Determination of five pesticide residues in oranges by matrix solid-phase dispersion and liquid chromatography to estimate daily intake of consumers.

Valenzuela AI, Pico Y, Font G.

Universitat de Valencia, Laboratori, de Toxicologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Burjassot, Spain.

Residues of benzoylphenylurea insecticides (diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron, and flufenuxuron), carboxamide acaricides (hexythiazox), and carbamate insecticides (benfuracarb) were determined in 150 orange fruit samples from September 1998 to June 1999, to estimate exposure of the Valencian population to oranges contaminated with these newly developed pesticides. The method for monitoring these residues is based on matrix solid-phase dispersion and liquid chromatography with UV or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometry (APCI/MS) detection. Orange samples representing 11 varieties were collected from an agricultural cooperative and examined for the 5 pesticides. In 74.6% of all analyzed samples, the pesticide residues were below detection limits, which ranged from 0.002 to 0.05 mg/kg. Residues were detected in 25.4% of the samples, with higher incidences of diflubenzuron, flufenuxuron, hexythiazox, and benfuracarb; hexaflumuron residues were detected only occasionally. Two different pesticides exceeded maximum residue limits (MRLs) in 4 (2.7%) of the orange samples. Diflubenzuron surpassed 1 mg/kg MRL in 3 samples and flufenuxuron exceeded the 0.3 mg/kg MRL in 3 samples. The estimated daily intake of the 5 pesticide residues during the period was 0.077 microg/kg body weight per day. This value is much lower than the total admissible daily intake proposed by the Food and Agricultural Organization and the World Health Organization.

PMID: 11417653 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.egsz.org/BiologicalCurrentContent/Zoology/Comparative%20Physiology/TOXICOLOGY.htm

J. Egypt. Ger. Soc. Zool., Vol. 25(B), 45-64, 1998

EFFECTS OF FLUFENOXURON-AN ENVIRONMENTAL ANTIMOULTING INSECTICIDE ON GONAD FUNCTION OF ALBINO RATS

EL-Sayyad, H.I.* and Karim, S.A.**

*Zoology Dept., Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt
**Biology Dept., Faculty of Science, King Abd El-Aziz University, K.S.A.

Flufenoxuron (Benzoylphenylurea derivative)-an environmental antimoulting insecticide-is recently used for controlling insect production in cultivated areas. In the present work, the insecticide was administered intragastrically by stomach tube at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.wt. to the Juvenile female and male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) every other day for three weeks.

Histological examination of ovaries revealed that the flufenoxuron induced massive degeneration of ovarian follicles with much cellular debris in the antrum and pyknotic granulosa cells.

On the other hand, the testis of flufenoxuron-treated animals exhibited marked decrease of the thickness of tunica albuginea and atrophy of the seminiferous tubules.

There was a marked increase of desquamated spermatogenic cells within the lumina of seminiferous tubules. Multinucleated giant cells and vanishing of sperms were observed in the majority of tubules of flufenoxuron-treated animals in comparison with control. Epididymides sperm of experimental group exhibited the presence of increased number of spermatic precursors as well as varieties of sperm anomalies.

The hepatic tissues toxicated with the insecticide showed nuclear disintegration, massive breakdown of hepatocytes and internal haemorrhage. The observed gonadal dysfunction may be attributed to hepatic damage or decline of gonadal hormone involved in either processes.


http://www.egsz.org/BiologicalCurrentContent/Zoology/Comparative%20Physiology/TOXICOLOGY.htm

J. Egypt. Ger. Soc. Zool., Vol. 25(B), 65-81, 1998

PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENTAL DEFECTS OF RAT FOETUSES MATERNALLY TREATED WITH AN ENVIRONMENTAL ANTIMOULTING INSECTICIDE FLUFENOXURON.

Karim, S.A.

Biology Dept., Faculty of Science, King Abd El-Aziz University, K.S.A.

Flufenoxuron (Benzoylphenyl urea derivative) - antimoulting insecticide Ð is recently used for controlling insect reproduction in cultivated areas. The study determined the hazardous effects of the applied dose-treatment during the critical period of rat embryonic development and the induction of growth retardation. In the present work, flufenoxuron was intragastrically administered by stomach intubation to pregnant rats at concentration levels 0 & 20 mg/kg b.wt. in saline solution every other day on gestation day 7 till parturition. Experimental and control pregnant rats were sacrificed on days 13 & 16 of gestation and the foetuses were fixed in 10 percent formol saline. Histological abnormalities of thyroid, liver and kidneys of mothers as well as of skeletal axial and appendicular regions of foetuses were investigated.

Foetuses maternally treated with flufenoxuron exhibited delayed differentiation of chondrification and ossification of axial and appendicular regions.

The observed defects in foetuses may be attributed to the histological abnormalities of thyroid, liver and kidneys of maternal tissues as well as to the direct effect of the parents as a result of the insecticide or its metabolites on the affected structures during early morphogenesis and differentiation.


From Toxline at Toxnet

SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH; 21 (2). 1995. 124-133.

Relationship of pesticide spraying to signs and symptoms in Indonesian farmers.

KISHI M, HIRSCHHORN N, DJAJADISASTRA M, SATTERLEE LN, STROWMAN S, DILTS R

Univ. Minnesota Sch. Public Health, Box 97, 420 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Objectives: This study assessed correlations between exposure to pesticides and signs and symptoms of pesticide toxicity among Indonesian farmers.
Methods: Detailed observations were recorded of spray frequency and pesticide handling, dermal exposure, and the chemicals used. Symptoms of acute illness were reported by the farmers, and signs of poisoning were observed by the interviewers at the time of spraying or within a few hours after it.
Results: The spray practices substantially exposed the farmers to pesticides. Signs and symptoms occurred significantly more often during spraying than during nonspraying seasons. Twenty-one percent of the spray operations resulted in three or more neurobehavioral, respiratory, and intestinal signs or symptoms. The number of spray operations per week, the use of hazardous pesticides, and skin and clothes being wetted with the spray solution were significantly and independently associated with the number of signs and symptoms. A dose- [abstract truncated)


From Toxline at Toxnet

TOXICOLOGY; 91 (1). 1994. 63-69.

HEALTH SURVEILLANCE OF PESTICIDE WORKERS A MANUAL FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS SUBSTITUTED UREAS

FERIOLI A, BARBIERI F

Keywords:
Biochemical Studies-General
Toxicology-Environmental and Industrial Toxicology
Public Health: Environmental Health-Occupational Health
Pest Control
Hominidae

CAS Registry Numbers:
101463-69-8
101463-69-8

66063-05-6
53558-25-1
35367-38-5
86-88-4


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7799849&dopt=Abstract

Med Parazitol (Mosk) 1994 Jul-Sep;(3):23-4

[The action of insect developmental regulators on the housedust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart, 1897) and D. farinae Hughes, 1961 (Acari: Pyroglyphidae)]

[Article in Russian]

Stepanova GN, Kostina MN.

Whether insect growth regulators, such as methoprene, telflubenzuron and flufenoxuron, can be used to suppress the populations of the house dust mites D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae has been studied in the laboratory setting. The most potent agent has been found to be methoprene used in concentrations of 0.05 = 0.1%, in particular. Flufenoxuron at a concentration of < 0.1% has been shown to stimulate the reproduction of house dust mites.

PMID: 7799849 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


From Toxline at Toxnet

J APPL TOXICOL; 13 (1). 1993. 67-68.

Comparative study on the effects of five benzoylphenylurea insecticides on haematological parameters in rats.

TASHEVA M, HRISTEVA V

National Cent. Hygiene Med. Ecology, Boul. D. Nestorov 15, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria.

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Five benzoylphenylurea insecticides were administered to male Wistar rats for 28 days at oral doses of 100 mg kg-1 each. Elevation of methaemoglobin was found only in the diflubenzuron- and triflumuron treated groups. The number of reticulocytes was increased in all of the treated groups.


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1517509&dopt=Abstract

J Econ Entomol 1992 Aug;85(4):1194-200

Oral toxicity, formulation effects, and field performance of flufenoxuron against the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae).

Reid BL, Appel AG, Demark JJ, Bennett GW.

Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind. 47907.

Laboratory and field studies on the benzoylphenyl urea (BPU) chitin synthetase inhibitor flufenoxuron (DPX EY-059) showed great potential for its use in suppressing infestations of German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). When fed continuously to fifth (last) instars, the LC50 of flufenoxuron was estimated at 0.82 ppm (95% FL, 0.76-0.87 ppm). A rating scale specific for BPU effects was developed and shown to be positively correlated with the insect's exposure to concentration of flufenoxuron. Manipulating the particle size of wettable powder formulations of flufenoxuron significantly altered their activity in contact bioassays. Larger particles (volume mean diameter, 12.2 mu; range, 10-20 mu) were more active. Field trials in multifamily housing with this wettable powder formulation at 0.033 and 0.066% (AI) achieved high level (greater than 80%) population suppression within 8 wk of treatment. The potential for the use of flufenoxuron in B. germanica management programs is discussed.

PMID: 1517509 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


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