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Activity: Fungicide (unclassified)
Structure:

Adverse Effects:
Blood
Body Weight Decrease
Brain
Cholesterol
Endocrine: Pituitary
Endocrine: Testicular
Endocrine: Thymus
Kidney
Liver
Environmental

Blood (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

-- 034 - 181176 "XDE-795: One Year Chronic Dietary Toxicity Study in Beagle Dogs," (Cosse, P.F., Stebbins, K.E., Redmond, J.M., Ormand, J.R.; The Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and Environmental Sciences Ð The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI; Laboratory ID#: DR-0325-7474-011; 4/21/95). XDE-795 (5,7-dichloro-4-[4-flurophenoxy]quinoline; 97.4% pure) was fed in diet to Beagle dogs (4/sex/dose) at 0, 5, 20 or 200 mg/kg/day for 1year. NOEL = 20 mg/kg (A male at 200 mg/kg was killed moribund, due to a severe weight decrease (2 kg), decreased hemoglobin and RBC counts. Both sexes had significantly decreased body weights and food consumption at 200 mg/kg. The report stated it was due to unpalatability of diet at the high dose, which persisted throughout the majority of the study. A treatment-related hematological effect was observed in 1/sex at 200 mg/kg. Alkaline phosphatase in both sexes at 200 mg/kg was statistically significantly increased. Liver weights (absolute & relative) were significantly increased in both sexes at 200 mg/kg. Statistically significantly increased relative organ weights were observed in both sexes at 200 mg/kg (brain, kidney, pituitary). Liver histopathology was observed in 3/sex at 200 mg/kg, primarily in the midzonal region (diffuse, increased size in hepatocytes, enlarged nuclei and prominent nucleoli). At 200 mg/kg, 1/sex had increased hepatocyte size, increased bile in centrilobular canaliculi. Possible adverse effect: At 200 mg/kg, 1/sex showed erythroid proliferation in spleen and liver, due to treatment-related anemia.) Acceptable. M. Silva, 8/15/01
-- (90-day feeding study) 031; 181173; "XR-795: 13-Week Dietary Toxicity Study with 4-Week Study in Fischer 344 Rats" (Szabo, R.A. et al., Health and Environmental Sciences-Texas, Lake Jackson Research Center, The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, TX, Laboratory Project Study ID TXT: DR-0325-7474-005, 12/21/92). 821. XR-795 (TSN100010, DECO-104-116, purity = 99.0%) was admixed to the diet at dose levels of 0 (untreated diet), 10, 100, or 250 mg/kg/day and fed to 10 Fischer 344 rats per sex per dose for 13 weeks (an additional 10 rats per sex per dose at the control and high dose levels were included to test for recovery for 4 weeks following dosing). No treatment-related clinical signs were observed. A treatment-related increase in mean relative liver weight was observed at 100 and 250 mg/kg/day in animals of both sexes sacrificed after 13 weeks of treatment; in recovery group animals at 250 mg/kg/day, a treatment-related increase in mean relative liver weight was observed in males but not females. Microscopic examination revealed treatment-related hepatocellular hypertrophy with increased basophilia at 100 and 250 mg/kg/day in animals of both sexes sacrificed after 13 weeks of treatment persisting in recovery group males but not in recovery group females. No adverse effects. NOEL (M/F) = 10 mg/kg/day (based on increased mean relative liver weights and hepatocellular hypertrophy). Unacceptable and not upgradeable because no ophthalmological examinations were conducted. (Corlett, 9/5/01)
Ref: October 4, 2001. SUMMARY OF TOXICOLOGY DATA QUINOXYFEN (XDE-795 & XR-795). California EPA, Department of Pesticide Regulation, Medical Toxicology Branch.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/quinoxyfen.ca.epa.2001.pdf

Body Weight Decrease (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

** 040 - 181140 "XDE-795: Two-Year Dietary Chronic Toxicity/Oncogenicity Study in Fischer 344 Rats-Final Report," (Redmond, J.M., Quast, J.F., Bond, D.M., Ormand, J.R.; The Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and Environmental Sciences Ð The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI; Laboratory ID#: DR-0325-7474-007; 6/29/95). XDE-795 (5,7-dichloro-4-[4-flurophenoxy]quinoline; 97.4% pure) was fed in diet to Fischer 344 rats at 0, 5, 20 or 80 mg/kg/day for 1 Ð 2 years. XDE-795 was administered for 2 years to 50/sex/dose for chronic/oncogenicity assessment. A satellite group (15/sex/dose) was sacrificed at 12 months (10/sex/dose for interim assessment of chronic toxicity; 5/sex/dose to assess neurotoxicity). NOEL = 20 mg/kg (Females at 80 mg/kg had increased perineal soiling (satellite & main group). Both sexes had decreased bodyweights and bodyweight gains at 80 mg/kg throughout the study...
-- 034 - 181176 ÒXDE-795: One Year Chronic Dietary Toxicity Study in Beagle Dogs,Ó (Cosse, P.F., Stebbins, K.E., Redmond, J.M., Ormand, J.R.; The Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and Environmental Sciences - The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI; Laboratory ID#: DR-0325-7474-011; 4/21/95). XDE-795 (5,7-dichloro-4-[4-flurophenoxy]quinoline; 97.4% pure) was fed in diet to Beagle dogs (4/sex/dose) at 0, 5, 20 or 200 mg/kg/day for 1year. NOEL = 20 mg/kg (A male at 200 mg/kg was killed moribund, due to a severe weight decrease (2 kg), decreased hemoglobin and RBC counts. Both sexes had significantly decreased body weights and food consumption at 200 mg/kg. The report stated it was due to unpalatability of diet at the high dose, which persisted throughout the majority of the study...
-- ** 035 - 181177 "XDE-795: Potential Tumorigenic Effects in Prolonged Dietary Administration to CD-1 Mice,"(Bellringer, M.E.; J.R.; Huntingdon Research Centre, Ltd., Cambridgeshire, UK; HRC Project ID#: DWC/657; 6/5/95). XR-795 (5,7-dichloro-4-[4-flurophenoxy]quinoline; 97.4% pure) was fed in diet to Crl:CD-1 (ICR)BR mice (50/sex/dose) at 0, 20, 80 and 250 mg/kg/day for 80 weeks. NOEL = 80 mg/kg (There was a significantly decreased bodyweight gain in both sexes at 250 mg/kg (primarily females). The effect was intermittent in males throughout the study. Relative (to bodyweight) liver and kidney weights were significantly increased in females at 250 mg/kg.) There were no histological (neoplastic or non-neoplastic) effects due to treatment. No adverse effects. Acceptable. M. Silva, 8/24/01
-- ** 039 Ð 181139 "XDE-795: Two-Generation Dietary Reproduction Study in Sprague-Dawley Rats," (Liberacki, A.B., Breslin, W.J., Zwinker, G.M., Johnson, K.A., Freshour, N.L.; The Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and Environmental Sciences, The Dow Chemical, Midland, MI; Laboratory ID#'s: DR-0325- 7474-013 [P1, F0, W1, FB, WB, P2, F2 & W4]; 5/23/95). XDE-795 (97.4% pure) was fed in diet to Sprague-Dawley rats (30/sex/dose) at 0, 5, 20 and 100 mg/kg/day, 7 days/week for 2 generations. Systemic NOEL = 20 mg/kg (Kidney pathology was observed in P1 and P2 females at 100 mg/kg. Males showed liver, kidney and epididymal histopathology at 100 mg/kg in P1 and P2 adults.) Reproductive NOEL = 100 mg/kg/day (There were no treatment-related reproductive effects in either sex.) Pup NOEL = 20 mg/kg/ (F1a & F1b pups showed decreased bodyweights at 21 days of lactation and this was considered to be due to excessive dose and decreased food consumption.) No adverse effect. Acceptable. M. Silva, 8/9/01
-- Rangefinding Study: 037 Ð 181136 "XDE-795: Oral Gavage Teratology Probe Study in New Zealand White Rabbits," (Zablotny, C.L., Yano, B.L., Breslin, W.J.; The Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and Environmental Sciences, The Dow Chemical, Midland, MI; Laboratory Project #: DR-0325-7474-014; 11/29/93). XDE-795 (96.2% pure) was administered by oral gavage to time-mated New Zealand white rabbits (7/dose) at 0 (0.5% METHOCEL A4M), 100, 300, 600 and 1000 mg/kg/day, days 7-19 of gestation. Due to extreme maternal toxicity, treatment was discontinued at 600 and 1000 mg/kg from gestation day 15. Effects included decreased fecal output, weight loss, extreme decrease in food consumption. Maternal NOEL = 100 mg/kg (There were increased clinical observations, as well as decreased body weight, body weight gain and food consumption at > 300 mg/kg. Liver weights were significantly increased at 300 mg/kg.) Developmental NOEL > 300 mg/kg (There were no treatment-related effects at 100 or 300 mg/kg.) No adverse effect. These data are supplemental. M. Silva, 8/29/01
-- Definitive Study: ** 038 Ð 181138 "XDE-795: Oral Gavage Teratology Study in New Zealand White Rabbits," (Zablotny, C.L., Yano, B.L., Breslin, W.J.; The Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and Environmental Sciences, The Dow Chemical, Midland, MI; Laboratory Project #: DR-0325-7474-015; 2/17/94). XDE-795 (96.2% pure) was administered by oral gavage to time-mated New Zealand white rabbits (18/dose) at 0 (0.5% METHOCEL A4M), 20, 80 and 200 mg/kg/day, days 7-19 of gestation. Maternal NOEL = 80 mg/kg (There were increased clinical observations and abortions, as well as decreased body weight, body weight gain and food consumption at 200 mg/kg.) Developmental NOEL > 200 mg/kg (There were no treatment-related effects at any dose.) No adverse effect. Acceptable. M. Silva, 8/9/01
-- 030; 181170; "XR-795: Four Week Dietary Toxicity Study in Fischer 344 Rats" (Szabo, J.R. and Davis, N.L., Health and Environmental Sciences-Texas Lake Jackson Research Center, The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas, Laboratory Project Study ID TXT: DR-0325-7474-002, 10/12/92). XR-795 (TSN100003, DECO-36-106, purity = 97.6%) was admixed to the diet at dose levels of 0 (untreated diet only), 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg/day and fed continuously to 5 Fischer 344 rats per sex per dose for 4 weeks. No clinical signs were observed. A treatment-related decrease in mean body weight at all dose levels in both sexes was observed. Treatment-related increases in mean relative liver (in both sexes at all dose levels) and in mean relative kidney (in males at all dose levels and in females at 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day) weights and a treatment-related decrease in mean relative testes weight at 1000 mg/kg/day were observed. Macroscopic examination revealed bilateral testicular atrophy in 3/5 animals at 1000 mg/kg/day. Microscopic examination revealed a moderate to severe decrease in spermatogenesis in 4/5 animals at 1000 mg/kg/day. Possible adverse effect indicated: testicular atrophy with a decrease in spermatogenesis. NOEL (M/F) < 250 mg/kg/day (based on body weight and mean relative organ weight data). Supplemental (only 5 animals per sex per dose were used and the animals were only dosed for 4 weeks). (Corlett, 8/27/01)
-- (Corlett, 8/27/01) 030; 181171; "XR-795: Palatability and Toxicity Probe Study in Beagle Dogs" (Szabo, J.R. and Rachunek, B.L., Health and Environmental Sciences-Texas Lake Jackson Research Center, The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas, Laboratory Project Study ID: DR-0325-7474-001, 2/28/92). XR-795 (TSN100008, Lot # DECO-36-111, purity = 98.8%) was admixed to the diet at dose levels of 0 (untreated diet only), 100, 500, or 1000 mg/kg/day and fed continuously to 1 beagle dog per sex per dose for 30 days. No clinical signs were observed. A treatment-related decrease in body weight gain or outright body weight loss at all dose levels in males and at 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day in females was observed. A treatment-related decrease in feed consumption in males at all dose levels and in females at 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day was observed. Macroscopic examination revealed a small/atrophic thymus in both the male and the female at 1000 mg/kg/day and small/atrophic testes in the male at 1000 mg/kg/day. Microscopic examination revealed vacuolation of midzonal and centrilobular hepatocytes at 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day in both sexes and thymic lymphoid depletion in the male and female at 1000 mg/kg/day. No adverse effects. NOEL (M) < 100 mg/kg/day, NOEL (F) = 100 mg/kg/day (based on body weight and feed consumption data). Supplemental (only 1 animal per sex per dose was used and the animals were only dosed for 30 days). (Corlett, 8/28/01)
-- 030; 181172; "XDE-795: Four-Week Dietary Toxicity Study in Beagle Dogs" (Szabo, J.R. and Davis, N.L., Health and Environmental Sciences-Texas Lake Jackson Research Center, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, Texas, Laboratory Project Study ID: DR-0325-7474-008, 2/19/93). XDE-795 (TSN100010, Lot # DECO-104-116, purity = 99.0%) was admixed to the diet at dose levels of 0 (untreated diet only) or 250 mg/kg/day and fed continuously to 2 beagle dogs per sex per dose for 4 weeks. No clinical signs were observed. Treatment-related decreases in mean body weight and in mean feed consumption were observed in both males and females. Microscopic examination revealed treatment-related vacuolation of midzonal and centrilobular hepatocytes in both males and females. No adverse effects. NOEL (M/F) < 250 mg/kg/day (based on body weight and feed consumption data and microscopic findings). Supplemental (only 2 animals per sex per dose were used, only 1 treatment level was used, and the animals were only dosed for 4 weeks). (Corlett, 8/29/01)
Ref: October 4, 2001. SUMMARY OF TOXICOLOGY DATA QUINOXYFEN (XDE-795 & XR-795). California EPA, Department of Pesticide Regulation, Medical Toxicology Branch.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/quinoxyfen.ca.epa.2001.pdf

Brain (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

-- 040 - 181140 "XDE-795: Two-Year Dietary Chronic Toxicity/Oncogenicity Study in Fischer 344 Rats-Final Report," (Redmond, J.M., Quast, J.F., Bond, D.M., Ormand, J.R.; The Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and Environmental Sciences Ð The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI; Laboratory ID#: DR-0325-7474-007; 6/29/95). XDE-795 (5,7-dichloro-4-[4-flurophenoxy]quinoline; 97.4% pure) was fed in diet to Fischer 344 rats at 0, 5, 20 or 80 mg/kg/day for 1 Ð 2 years. XDE-795 was administered for 2 years to 50/sex/dose for chronic/oncogenicity assessment. A satellite group (15/sex/dose) was sacrificed at 12 months (10/sex/dose for interim assessment of chronic toxicity; 5/sex/dose to assess neurotoxicity). NOEL = 20 mg/kg (Females at 80 mg/kg had increased perineal soiling (satellite & main group). Both sexes had decreased bodyweights and bodyweight gains at 80 mg/kg throughout the study. Urea nitrogen was increased in males at 80 mg/kg at 18 and 24 months. Alanine amino transferase (80 mg/kg) was decreased in males at 24 months. Females had cholesterol levels that were statistically significantly increased at 80 mg/kg at 18 and 24 months. Liver and kidney weights (absolute & relative) were statistically significantly increased in both sexes at 80 mg/kg at 12 months. Relative brain weights in both sexes were increased at 80 mg/kg by 24 months. Males had increased absolute and relative testes weights at 80 mg/kg and females had decreased relative heart and increased relative kidney weights at 80 mg/kg at 24 months. There was an increased incidence in chronic progressive glomerulonephropathy in males at 80 mg/kgÑ37 versus 19 in control, p < 0.05.) No adverse effects. Acceptable. M. Silva, 8/21/01
-- ** 034 - 181176 "XDE-795: One Year Chronic Dietary Toxicity Study in Beagle Dogs," (Cosse, P.F., Stebbins, K.E., Redmond, J.M., Ormand, J.R.; The Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and Environmental Sciences Ð The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI; Laboratory ID#: DR-0325-7474-011; 4/21/95). XDE-795 (5,7-dichloro-4-[4-flurophenoxy]quinoline; 97.4% pure) was fed in diet to Beagle dogs (4/sex/dose) at 0, 5, 20 or 200 mg/kg/day for 1year. NOEL = 20 mg/kg (A male at 200 mg/kg was killed moribund, due to a severe weight decrease (2 kg), decreased hemoglobin and RBC counts. Both sexes had significantly decreased body weights and food consumption at 200 mg/kg. The report stated it was due to unpalatability of diet at the high dose, which persisted throughout the majority of the study. A treatment-related hematological effect was observed in 1/sex at 200 mg/kg. Alkaline phosphatase in both sexes at 200 mg/kg was statistically significantly increased. Liver weights (absolute & relative) were significantly increased in both sexes at 200 mg/kg. Statistically significantly increased relative organ weights were observed in both sexes at 200 mg/kg (brain, kidney, pituitary). Liver histopathology was observed in 3/sex at 200 mg/kg, primarily in the midzonal region (diffuse, increased size in hepatocytes, enlarged nuclei and prominent nucleoli). At 200 mg/kg, 1/sex had increased hepatocyte size, increased bile in centrilobular canaliculi. Possible adverse effect: At 200 mg/kg, 1/sex showed erythroid proliferation in spleen and liver, due to treatment-related anemia.) Acceptable. M. Silva, 8/15/01
Ref: October 4, 2001 - SUMMARY OF TOXICOLOGY DATA QUINOXYFEN (XDE-795 & XR-795). California EPA, Department of Pesticide Regulation, Medical Toxicology Branch.

Cholesterol (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

** 040 - 181140 "XDE-795: Two-Year Dietary Chronic Toxicity/Oncogenicity Study in Fischer 344 Rats-Final Report," (Redmond, J.M., Quast, J.F., Bond, D.M., Ormand, J.R.; The Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and Environmental Sciences Ð The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI; Laboratory ID#: DR-0325-7474-007; 6/29/95). XDE-795 (5,7-dichloro-4-[4-flurophenoxy]quinoline; 97.4% pure) was fed in diet to Fischer 344 rats at 0, 5, 20 or 80 mg/kg/day for 1 Ð 2 years. XDE-795 was administered for 2 years to 50/sex/dose for chronic/oncogenicity assessment. A satellite group (15/sex/dose) was sacrificed at 12 months (10/sex/dose for interim assessment of chronic toxicity; 5/sex/dose to assess neurotoxicity). NOEL = 20 mg/kg (Females at 80 mg/kg had increased perineal soiling (satellite & main group). Both sexes had decreased bodyweights and bodyweight gains at 80 mg/kg throughout the study. Urea nitrogen was increased in males at 80 mg/kg at 18 and 24 months. Alanine amino transferase (80 mg/kg) was decreased in males at 24 months. Females had cholesterol levels that were statistically significantly increased at 80 mg/kg at 18 and 24 months. Liver and kidney weights (absolute & relative) were statistically significantly increased in both sexes at 80 mg/kg at 12 months. Relative brain weights in both sexes were increased at 80 mg/kg by 24 months. Males had increased absolute and relative testes weights at 80 mg/kg and females had decreased relative heart and increased relative kidney weights at 80 mg/kg at 24 months. There was an increased incidence in chronic progressive glomerulonephropathy in males at 80 mg/kgÑ37 versus 19 in control, p < 0.05.) No adverse effects. Acceptable. M. Silva, 8/21/01
Ref: October 4, 2001. SUMMARY OF TOXICOLOGY DATA QUINOXYFEN (XDE-795 & XR-795). California EPA, Department of Pesticide Regulation, Medical Toxicology Branch.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/quinoxyfen.ca.epa.2001.pdf

Endocrine- Pituitary (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

-- 034 - 181176 "XDE-795: One Year Chronic Dietary Toxicity Study in Beagle Dogs," (Cosse, P.F., Stebbins, K.E., Redmond, J.M., Ormand, J.R.; The Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and Environmental Sciences Ð The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI; Laboratory ID#: DR-0325-7474-011; 4/21/95). XDE-795 (5,7-dichloro-4-[4-flurophenoxy]quinoline; 97.4% pure) was fed in diet to Beagle dogs (4/sex/dose) at 0, 5, 20 or 200 mg/kg/day for 1year. NOEL = 20 mg/kg (A male at 200 mg/kg was killed moribund, due to a severe weight decrease (2 kg), decreased hemoglobin and RBC counts. Both sexes had significantly decreased body weights and food consumption at 200 mg/kg. The report stated it was due to unpalatability of diet at the high dose, which persisted throughout the majority of the study. A treatment-related hematological effect was observed in 1/sex at 200 mg/kg. Alkaline phosphatase in both sexes at 200 mg/kg was statistically significantly increased. Liver weights (absolute & relative) were significantly increased in both sexes at 200 mg/kg. Statistically significantly increased relative organ weights were observed in both sexes at 200 mg/kg (brain, kidney, pituitary). Liver histopathology was observed in 3/sex at 200 mg/kg, primarily in the midzonal region (diffuse, increased size in hepatocytes, enlarged nuclei and prominent nucleoli). At 200 mg/kg, 1/sex had increased hepatocyte size, increased bile in centrilobular canaliculi. Possible adverse effect: At 200 mg/kg, 1/sex showed erythroid proliferation in spleen and liver, due to treatment-related anemia.) Acceptable. M. Silva, 8/15/01
Ref: October 4, 2001 - SUMMARY OF TOXICOLOGY DATA QUINOXYFEN (XDE-795 & XR-795). California EPA, Department of Pesticide Regulation, Medical Toxicology Branch

Endocrine: Testicular (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

-- ** 039 Ð 181139 "XDE-795: Two-Generation Dietary Reproduction Study in Sprague-Dawley Rats," (Liberacki, A.B., Breslin, W.J., Zwinker, G.M., Johnson, K.A., Freshour, N.L.; The Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and Environmental Sciences, The Dow Chemical, Midland, MI; Laboratory ID#'s: DR-0325- 7474-013 [P1, F0, W1, FB, WB, P2, F2 & W4]; 5/23/95). XDE-795 (97.4% pure) was fed in diet to Sprague-Dawley rats (30/sex/dose) at 0, 5, 20 and 100 mg/kg/day, 7 days/week for 2 generations. Systemic NOEL = 20 mg/kg (Kidney pathology was observed in P1 and P2 females at 100 mg/kg. Males showed liver, kidney and epididymal histopathology at 100 mg/kg in P1 and P2 adults.) Reproductive NOEL = 100 mg/kg/day (There were no treatment-related reproductive effects in either sex.) Pup NOEL = 20 mg/kg/ (F1a & F1b pups showed decreased bodyweights at 21 days of lactation and this was considered to be due to excessive dose and decreased food consumption.) No adverse effect. Acceptable. M. Silva, 8/9/01
-- 030; 181170; "XR-795: Four Week Dietary Toxicity Study in Fischer 344 Rats" (Szabo, J.R. and Davis, N.L., Health and Environmental Sciences-Texas Lake Jackson Research Center, The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas, Laboratory Project Study ID TXT: DR-0325-7474-002, 10/12/92). XR-795 (TSN100003, DECO-36-106, purity = 97.6%) was admixed to the diet at dose levels of 0 (untreated diet only), 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg/day and fed continuously to 5 Fischer 344 rats per sex per dose for 4 weeks. No clinical signs were observed. A treatment-related decrease in mean body weight at all dose levels in both sexes was observed. Treatment-related increases in mean relative liver (in both sexes at all dose levels) and in mean relative kidney (in males at all dose levels and in females at 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day) weights and a treatment-related decrease in mean relative testes weight at 1000 mg/kg/day were observed. Macroscopic examination revealed bilateral testicular atrophy in 3/5 animals at 1000 mg/kg/day. Microscopic examination revealed a moderate to severe decrease in spermatogenesis in 4/5 animals at 1000 mg/kg/day. Possible adverse effect indicated: testicular atrophy with a decrease in spermatogenesis. NOEL (M/F) < 250 mg/kg/day (based on body weight and mean relative organ weight data). Supplemental (only 5 animals per sex per dose were used and the animals were only dosed for 4 weeks). (Corlett, 8/27/01)
-- (Corlett, 8/27/01) 030; 181171; "XR-795: Palatability and Toxicity Probe Study in Beagle Dogs" (Szabo, J.R. and Rachunek, B.L., Health and Environmental Sciences-Texas Lake Jackson Research Center, The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas, Laboratory Project Study ID: DR-0325-7474-001, 2/28/92). XR-795 (TSN100008, Lot # DECO-36-111, purity = 98.8%) was admixed to the diet at dose levels of 0 (untreated diet only), 100, 500, or 1000 mg/kg/day and fed continuously to 1 beagle dog per sex per dose for 30 days. No clinical signs were observed. A treatment-related decrease in body weight gain or outright body weight loss at all dose levels in males and at 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day in females was observed. A treatment-related decrease in feed consumption in males at all dose levels and in females at 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day was observed. Macroscopic examination revealed a small/atrophic thymus in both the male and the female at 1000 mg/kg/day and small/atrophic testes in the male at 1000 mg/kg/day. Microscopic examination revealed vacuolation of midzonal and centrilobular hepatocytes at 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day in both sexes and thymic lymphoid depletion in the male and female at 1000 mg/kg/day. No adverse effects. NOEL (M) < 100 mg/kg/day, NOEL (F) = 100 mg/kg/day (based on body weight and feed consumption data). Supplemental (only 1 animal per sex per dose was used and the animals were only dosed for 30 days). (Corlett, 8/28/01)
Ref: October 4, 2001. SUMMARY OF TOXICOLOGY DATA QUINOXYFEN (XDE-795 & XR-795). California EPA, Department of Pesticide Regulation, Medical Toxicology Branch.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/quinoxyfen.ca.epa.2001.pdf

Endocrine: Thymus (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

-- (Corlett, 8/27/01) 030; 181171; "XR-795: Palatability and Toxicity Probe Study in Beagle Dogs" (Szabo, J.R. and Rachunek, B.L., Health and Environmental Sciences-Texas Lake Jackson Research Center, The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas, Laboratory Project Study ID: DR-0325-7474-001, 2/28/92). XR-795 (TSN100008, Lot # DECO-36-111, purity = 98.8%) was admixed to the diet at dose levels of 0 (untreated diet only), 100, 500, or 1000 mg/kg/day and fed continuously to 1 beagle dog per sex per dose for 30 days. No clinical signs were observed. A treatment-related decrease in body weight gain or outright body weight loss at all dose levels in males and at 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day in females was observed. A treatment-related decrease in feed consumption in males at all dose levels and in females at 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day was observed. Macroscopic examination revealed a small/atrophic thymus in both the male and the female at 1000 mg/kg/day and small/atrophic testes in the male at 1000 mg/kg/day. Microscopic examination revealed vacuolation of midzonal and centrilobular hepatocytes at 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day in both sexes and thymic lymphoid depletion in the male and female at 1000 mg/kg/day. No adverse effects. NOEL (M) < 100 mg/kg/day, NOEL (F) = 100 mg/kg/day (based on body weight and feed consumption data). Supplemental (only 1 animal per sex per dose was used and the animals were only dosed for 30 days). (Corlett, 8/28/01)
Ref: October 4, 2001 - SUMMARY OF TOXICOLOGY DATA QUINOXYFEN (XDE-795 & XR-795). California EPA, Department of Pesticide Regulation, Medical Toxicology Branch

Kidney (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

** 040 - 181140 "XDE-795: Two-Year Dietary Chronic Toxicity/Oncogenicity Study in Fischer 344 Rats-Final Report," (Redmond, J.M., Quast, J.F., Bond, D.M., Ormand, J.R.; The Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and Environmental Sciences Ð The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI; Laboratory ID#: DR-0325-7474-007; 6/29/95). XDE-795 (5,7-dichloro-4-[4-flurophenoxy]quinoline; 97.4% pure) was fed in diet to Fischer 344 rats at 0, 5, 20 or 80 mg/kg/day for 1 - 2 years. XDE-795 was administered for 2 years to 50/sex/dose for chronic/oncogenicity assessment. A satellite group (15/sex/dose) was sacrificed at 12 months (10/sex/dose for interim assessment of chronic toxicity; 5/sex/dose to assess neurotoxicity). NOEL = 20 mg/kg (Females at 80 mg/kg had increased perineal soiling (satellite & main group). Both sexes had decreased bodyweights and bodyweight gains at 80 mg/kg throughout the study. Urea nitrogen was increased in males at 80 mg/kg at 18 and 24 months. Alanine amino transferase (80 mg/kg) was decreased in males at 24 months. Females had cholesterol levels that were statistically significantly increased at 80 mg/kg at 18 and 24 months. Liver and kidney weights (absolute & relative) were statistically significantly increased in both sexes at 80 mg/kg at 12 months. Relative brain weights in both sexes were increased at 80 mg/kg by 24 months. Males had increased absolute and relative testes weights at 80 mg/kg and females had decreased relative heart and increased relative kidney weights at 80 mg/kg at 24 months. There was an increased incidence in chronic progressive glomerulonephropathy in males at 80 mg/kgÑ37 versus 19 in control, p < 0.05.) No adverse effects. Acceptable. M. Silva, 8/21/01
-- 034 - 181176 "XDE-795: One Year Chronic Dietary Toxicity Study in Beagle Dogs," (Cosse, P.F., Stebbins, K.E., Redmond, J.M., Ormand, J.R.; The Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and Environmental Sciences Ð The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI; Laboratory ID#: DR-0325-7474-011; 4/21/95). XDE-795 (5,7-dichloro-4-[4-flurophenoxy]quinoline; 97.4% pure) was fed in diet to Beagle dogs (4/sex/dose) at 0, 5, 20 or 200 mg/kg/day for 1year. NOEL = 20 mg/kg (A male at 200 mg/kg was killed moribund, due to a severe weight decrease (2 kg), decreased hemoglobin and RBC counts. Both sexes had significantly decreased body weights and food consumption at 200 mg/kg. The report stated it was due to unpalatability of diet at the high dose, which persisted throughout the majority of the study. A treatment-related hematological effect was observed in 1/sex at 200 mg/kg. Alkaline phosphatase in both sexes at 200 mg/kg was statistically significantly increased. Liver weights (absolute & relative) were significantly increased in both sexes at 200 mg/kg. Statistically significantly increased relative organ weights were observed in both sexes at 200 mg/kg (brain, kidney, pituitary). Liver histopathology was observed in 3/sex at 200 mg/kg, primarily in the midzonal region (diffuse, increased size in hepatocytes, enlarged nuclei and prominent nucleoli). At 200 mg/kg, 1/sex had increased hepatocyte size, increased bile in centrilobular canaliculi. Possible adverse effect: At 200 mg/kg, 1/sex showed erythroid proliferation in spleen and liver, due to treatment-related anemia.) Acceptable. M. Silva, 8/15/01
-- ** 035 - 181177 "XDE-795: Potential Tumorigenic Effects in Prolonged Dietary Administration to CD-1 Mice," (Bellringer, M.E.; J.R.; Huntingdon Research Centre, Ltd., Cambridgeshire, UK; HRC Project ID#: DWC/657; 6/5/95). XR-795 (5,7-dichloro-4-[4-flurophenoxy]quinoline; 97.4% pure) was fed in diet to Crl:CD-1 (ICR)BR mice (50/sex/dose) at 0, 20, 80 and 250 mg/kg/day for 80 weeks. NOEL = 80 mg/kg (There was a significantly decreased bodyweight gain in both sexes at 250 mg/kg (primarily females). The effect was intermittent in males throughout the study. Relative (to bodyweight) liver and kidney weights were significantly increased in females at 250 mg/kg.) There were no histological (neoplastic or non-neoplastic) effects due to treatment. No adverse effects. Acceptable. M. Silva, 8/24/01
-- ** 039 Ð 181139 "XDE-795: Two-Generation Dietary Reproduction Study in Sprague-Dawley Rats," (Liberacki, A.B., Breslin, W.J., Zwinker, G.M., Johnson, K.A., Freshour, N.L.; The Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and Environmental Sciences, The Dow Chemical, Midland, MI; Laboratory ID#'s: DR-0325- 7474-013 [P1, F0, W1, FB, WB, P2, F2 & W4]; 5/23/95). XDE-795 (97.4% pure) was fed in diet to Sprague-Dawley rats (30/sex/dose) at 0, 5, 20 and 100 mg/kg/day, 7 days/week for 2 generations. Systemic NOEL = 20 mg/kg (Kidney pathology was observed in P1 and P2 females at 100 mg/kg. Males showed liver, kidney and epididymal histopathology at 100 mg/kg in P1 and P2 adults.) Reproductive NOEL = 100 mg/kg/day (There were no treatment-related reproductive effects in either sex.) Pup NOEL = 20 mg/kg/ (F1a & F1b pups showed decreased bodyweights at 21 days of lactation and this was considered to be due to excessive dose and decreased food consumption.) No adverse effect. Acceptable. M. Silva, 8/9/01
-- 030; 181170; "XR-795: Four Week Dietary Toxicity Study in Fischer 344 Rats" (Szabo, J.R. and Davis, N.L., Health and Environmental Sciences-Texas Lake Jackson Research Center, The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas, Laboratory Project Study ID TXT: DR-0325-7474-002, 10/12/92). XR-795 (TSN100003, DECO-36-106, purity = 97.6%) was admixed to the diet at dose levels of 0 (untreated diet only), 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg/day and fed continuously to 5 Fischer 344 rats per sex per dose for 4 weeks. No clinical signs were observed. A treatment-related decrease in mean body weight at all dose levels in both sexes was observed. Treatment-related increases in mean relative liver (in both sexes at all dose levels) and in mean relative kidney (in males at all dose levels and in females at 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day) weights and a treatment-related decrease in mean relative testes weight at 1000 mg/kg/day were observed. Macroscopic examination revealed bilateral testicular atrophy in 3/5 animals at 1000 mg/kg/day. Microscopic examination revealed a moderate to severe decrease in spermatogenesis in 4/5 animals at 1000 mg/kg/day. Possible adverse effect indicated: testicular atrophy with a decrease in spermatogenesis. NOEL (M/F) < 250 mg/kg/day (based on body weight and mean relative organ weight data). Supplemental (only 5 animals per sex per dose were used and the animals were only dosed for 4 weeks). (Corlett, 8/27/01)
Ref: October 4, 2001. SUMMARY OF TOXICOLOGY DATA QUINOXYFEN (XDE-795 & XR-795). California EPA, Department of Pesticide Regulation, Medical Toxicology Branch.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/quinoxyfen.ca.epa.2001.pdf

Liver (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

** 040 - 181140 "XDE-795: Two-Year Dietary Chronic Toxicity/Oncogenicity Study in Fischer 344 Rats-Final Report," (Redmond, J.M., Quast, J.F., Bond, D.M., Ormand, J.R.; The Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and Environmental Sciences Ð The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI; Laboratory ID#: DR-0325-7474-007; 6/29/95). XDE-795 (5,7-dichloro-4-[4-flurophenoxy]quinoline; 97.4% pure) was fed in diet to Fischer 344 rats at 0, 5, 20 or 80 mg/kg/day for 1 Ð 2 years. XDE-795 was administered for 2 years to 50/sex/dose for chronic/oncogenicity assessment. A satellite group (15/sex/dose) was sacrificed at 12 months (10/sex/dose for interim assessment of chronic toxicity; 5/sex/dose to assess neurotoxicity). NOEL = 20 mg/kg (Females at 80 mg/kg had increased perineal soiling (satellite & main group). Both sexes had decreased bodyweights and bodyweight gains at 80 mg/kg throughout the study. Urea nitrogen was increased in males at 80 mg/kg at 18 and 24 months. Alanine amino transferase (80 mg/kg) was decreased in males at 24 months. Females had cholesterol levels that were statistically significantly increased at 80 mg/kg at 18 and 24 months. Liver and kidney weights (absolute & relative) were statistically significantly increased in both sexes at 80 mg/kg at 12 months. Relative brain weights in both sexes were increased at 80 mg/kg by 24 months. Males had increased absolute and relative testes weights at 80 mg/kg and females had decreased relative heart and increased relative kidney weights at 80 mg/kg at 24 months. There was an increased incidence in chronic progressive glomerulonephropathy in males at 80 mg/kgÑ37 versus 19 in control, p < 0.05.) No adverse effects. Acceptable. M. Silva, 8/21/01
-- 034 - 181176 "XDE-795: One Year Chronic Dietary Toxicity Study in Beagle Dogs," (Cosse, P.F., Stebbins, K.E., Redmond, J.M., Ormand, J.R.; The Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and Environmental Sciences Ð The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI; Laboratory ID#: DR-0325-7474-011; 4/21/95). XDE-795 (5,7-dichloro-4-[4-flurophenoxy]quinoline; 97.4% pure) was fed in diet to Beagle dogs (4/sex/dose) at 0, 5, 20 or 200 mg/kg/day for 1year. NOEL = 20 mg/kg (A male at 200 mg/kg was killed moribund, due to a severe weight decrease (2 kg), decreased hemoglobin and RBC counts. Both sexes had significantly decreased body weights and food consumption at 200 mg/kg. The report stated it was due to unpalatability of diet at the high dose, which persisted throughout the majority of the study. A treatment-related hematological effect was observed in 1/sex at 200 mg/kg. Alkaline phosphatase in both sexes at 200 mg/kg was statistically significantly increased. Liver weights (absolute & relative) were significantly increased in both sexes at 200 mg/kg. Statistically significantly increased relative organ weights were observed in both sexes at 200 mg/kg (brain, kidney, pituitary). Liver histopathology was observed in 3/sex at 200 mg/kg, primarily in the midzonal region (diffuse, increased size in hepatocytes, enlarged nuclei and prominent nucleoli). At 200 mg/kg, 1/sex had increased hepatocyte size, increased bile in centrilobular canaliculi. Possible adverse effect: At 200 mg/kg, 1/sex showed erythroid proliferation in spleen and liver, due to treatment-related anemia.) Acceptable. M. Silva, 8/15/01
-- Subchronic Study: 029 - 181169 "XR-795: 13-Week Dietary Toxicity Study in CD-1 Mice," (Grandjean, M., Szabo, J.R.; Health and Environmental Sciences - Texas, Lake Jackson Research Center, The Dow Chemical, Freeport, TX; Laboratory ID#: DR-0325-7474-003; 10/12/92). XR-795 (5,7-dichloro-4-[4-flurophenoxy]quinoline; 98.7% pure) was fed in diet to CD-1 mice (10/sex/dose) at 0, 10, 50, 100 or 500 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks. NOEL = 100 mg/kg (Relative liver weights were significantly increased in both sexes at 500 mg/kg. All animals (both sexes) had hepatocellular hypertrophy (centrilobular & midzonal-diffuse) at 500 mg/kg only. Hepatic inflammation (1/10-M) and hepatocellular necrosis (3/10-M, 4/10-F) occurred only at 500 mg/kg.) No adverse effects. Not acceptable but possibly upgradeable with submission of results of ophthalmological examination. M. Silva, 8/15/01
-- ** 035 - 181177 "XDE-795: Potential Tumorigenic Effects in Prolonged Dietary Administration to CD-1 Mice," (Bellringer, M.E.; J.R.; Huntingdon Research Centre, Ltd., Cambridgeshire, UK; HRC Project ID#: DWC/657; 6/5/95). XR-795 (5,7-dichloro-4-[4-flurophenoxy]quinoline; 97.4% pure) was fed in diet to Crl:CD-1 (ICR)BR mice (50/sex/dose) at 0, 20, 80 and 250 mg/kg/day for 80 weeks. NOEL = 80 mg/kg (There was a significantly decreased bodyweight gain in both sexes at 250 mg/kg (primarily females). The effect was intermittent in males throughout the study. Relative (to bodyweight) liver and kidney weights were significantly increased in females at 250 mg/kg.) There were no histological (neoplastic or non-neoplastic) effects due to treatment. No adverse effects. Acceptable. M. Silva, 8/24/01
-- ** 039 Ð 181139 "XDE-795: Two-Generation Dietary Reproduction Study in Sprague-Dawley Rats," (Liberacki, A.B., Breslin, W.J., Zwinker, G.M., Johnson, K.A., Freshour, N.L.; The Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and Environmental Sciences, The Dow Chemical, Midland, MI; Laboratory ID#'s: DR-0325- 7474-013 [P1, F0, W1, FB, WB, P2, F2 & W4]; 5/23/95). XDE-795 (97.4% pure) was fed in diet to Sprague-Dawley rats (30/sex/dose) at 0, 5, 20 and 100 mg/kg/day, 7 days/week for 2 generations. Systemic NOEL = 20 mg/kg (Kidney pathology was observed in P1 and P2 females at 100 mg/kg. Males showed liver, kidney and epididymal histopathology at 100 mg/kg in P1 and P2 adults.) Reproductive NOEL = 100 mg/kg/day (There were no treatment-related reproductive effects in either sex.) Pup NOEL = 20 mg/kg/ (F1a & F1b pups showed decreased bodyweights at 21 days of lactation and this was considered to be due to excessive dose and decreased food consumption.) No adverse effect. Acceptable. M. Silva, 8/9/01
-- Rangefinding Study: 037 Ð 181136 "XDE-795: Oral Gavage Teratology Probe Study in New Zealand White Rabbits," (Zablotny, C.L., Yano, B.L., Breslin, W.J.; The Toxicology Research Laboratory, Health and Environmental Sciences, The Dow Chemical, Midland, MI; Laboratory Project #: DR-0325-7474-014; 11/29/93). XDE-795 (96.2% pure) was administered by oral gavage to time-mated New Zealand white rabbits (7/dose) at 0 (0.5% METHOCEL A4M), 100, 300, 600 and 1000 mg/kg/day, days 7-19 of gestation. Due to extreme maternal toxicity, treatment was discontinued at 600 and 1000 mg/kg from gestation day 15. Effects included decreased fecal output, weight loss, extreme decrease in food consumption. Maternal NOEL = 100 mg/kg (There were increased clinical observations, as well as decreased body weight, body weight gain and food consumption at > 300 mg/kg. Liver weights were significantly increased at 300 mg/kg.) Developmental NOEL > 300 mg/kg (There were no treatment-related effects at 100 or 300 mg/kg.) No adverse effect. These data are supplemental. M. Silva, 8/29/01
-- (90-day feeding study) 031; 181173; "XR-795: 13-Week Dietary Toxicity Study with 4-Week Study in Fischer 344 Rats" (Szabo, R.A. et al., Health and Environmental Sciences-Texas, Lake Jackson Research Center, The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, TX, Laboratory Project Study ID TXT: DR-0325-7474-005, 12/21/92). 821. XR-795 (TSN100010, DECO-104-116, purity = 99.0%) was admixed to the diet at dose levels of 0 (untreated diet), 10, 100, or 250 mg/kg/day and fed to 10 Fischer 344 rats per sex per dose for 13 weeks (an additional 10 rats per sex per dose at the control and high dose levels were included to test for recovery for 4 weeks following dosing). No treatment-related clinical signs were observed. A treatment-related increase in mean relative liver weight was observed at 100 and 250 mg/kg/day in animals of both sexes sacrificed after 13 weeks of treatment; in recovery group animals at 250 mg/kg/day, a treatment-related increase in mean relative liver weight was observed in males but not females. Microscopic examination revealed treatment-related hepatocellular hypertrophy with increased basophilia at 100 and 250 mg/kg/day in animals of both sexes sacrificed after 13 weeks of treatment persisting in recovery group males but not in recovery group females. No adverse effects. NOEL (M/F) = 10 mg/kg/day (based on increased mean relative liver weights and hepatocellular hypertrophy). Unacceptable and not upgradeable because no ophthalmological examinations were conducted. (Corlett, 9/5/01)
-- 030; 181170; "XR-795: Four Week Dietary Toxicity Study in Fischer 344 Rats" (Szabo, J.R. and Davis, N.L., Health and Environmental Sciences-Texas Lake Jackson Research Center, The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas, Laboratory Project Study ID TXT: DR-0325-7474-002, 10/12/92). XR-795 (TSN100003, DECO-36-106, purity = 97.6%) was admixed to the diet at dose levels of 0 (untreated diet only), 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg/day and fed continuously to 5 Fischer 344 rats per sex per dose for 4 weeks. No clinical signs were observed. A treatment-related decrease in mean body weight at all dose levels in both sexes was observed. Treatment-related increases in mean relative liver (in both sexes at all dose levels) and in mean relative kidney (in males at all dose levels and in females at 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day) weights and a treatment-related decrease in mean relative testes weight at 1000 mg/kg/day were observed. Macroscopic examination revealed bilateral testicular atrophy in 3/5 animals at 1000 mg/kg/day. Microscopic examination revealed a moderate to severe decrease in spermatogenesis in 4/5 animals at 1000 mg/kg/day. Possible adverse effect indicated: testicular atrophy with a decrease in spermatogenesis. NOEL (M/F) < 250 mg/kg/day (based on body weight and mean relative organ weight data). Supplemental (only 5 animals per sex per dose were used and the animals were only dosed for 4 weeks). (Corlett, 8/27/01)
-- 030; 181172; "XDE-795: Four-Week Dietary Toxicity Study in Beagle Dogs" (Szabo, J.R. and Davis, N.L., Health and Environmental Sciences-Texas Lake Jackson Research Center, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, Texas, Laboratory Project Study ID: DR-0325-7474-008, 2/19/93). XDE-795 (TSN100010, Lot # DECO-104-116, purity = 99.0%) was admixed to the diet at dose levels of 0 (untreated diet only) or 250 mg/kg/day and fed continuously to 2 beagle dogs per sex per dose for 4 weeks. No clinical signs were observed. Treatment-related decreases in mean body weight and in mean feed consumption were observed in both males and females. Microscopic examination revealed treatment-related vacuolation of midzonal and centrilobular hepatocytes in both males and females. No adverse effects. NOEL (M/F) < 250 mg/kg/day (based on body weight and feed consumption data and microscopic findings). Supplemental (only 2 animals per sex per dose were used, only 1 treatment level was used, and the animals were only dosed for 4 weeks). (Corlett, 8/29/01)
-- 029 - 181169 "XR-795: 13-Week Dietary Toxicity Study in CD-1 Mice," (Grandjean, M., Szabo, J.R.; Health and Environmental Sciences - Texas, Lake Jackson Research Center, The Dow Chemical, Freeport, TX; Laboratory ID#: DR-0325-7474-003; 10/12/92). XR-795 (5,7-dichloro-4-[4-flurophenoxy]quinoline; 98.7% pure) was fed in diet to CD-1 mice (10/sex/dose) at 0, 10, 50, 100 or 500 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks. NOEL = 100 mg/kg (Relative liver weights were significantly increased in both sexes at 500 mg/kg. All animals (both sexes) had hepatocellular hypertrophy (centrilobular & midzonal-diffuse) at 500 mg/kg only. Hepatic inflammation (1/10-M) and hepatocellular necrosis (3/10-M, 4/10-F) occurred only at 500 mg/kg.) No adverse effects. Not acceptable but possibly upgradeable with submission of results of ophthalmological examination. M. Silva, 8/15/01
Ref: October 4, 2001. SUMMARY OF TOXICOLOGY DATA QUINOXYFEN (XDE-795 & XR-795). California EPA, Department of Pesticide Regulation, Medical Toxicology Branch.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/quinoxyfen.ca.epa.2001.pdf