Return to Fluridone Index Page

Activity: Herbicide (unclassified)
Structure:

Adverse Effects:
Body Weight Decrease
Bone
Dermal
Endocrine: Testicular
Eye
Kidney
Liver
Environmental

Body Weight Decrease (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

Teratology - Rat: Maternal NOEL=100 mg/kg/day; Maternal LEL=300 mg/kg/day (decreased body weight); Developmental NOEL=300 mg/kg/day; Developmental LEL=1000 mg/kg/day (decreased fetal weight, delayed ossification); Teratogenic NOEL=1000 mg/kg/day (HDT); LEL=none; core grade minimum (Elanco Products, 1986)
Ref: US EPA IRIS for Fluridone. 1990.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Fluridone.EPA.IRIS.1990.htm

-- Three studies were conducted concurrently, using Fischer rats fed the same dietary levels of Fluridone [0, 200, 650, 2000 ppm (0, 8, 25, 81 mg/kg/day)]. The first study was a 1-year feeding study (R-1126) in which 120 animals were divided into four groups of 15 animals/sex/dietary level. The other two studies were reported to be replicate 2-year oncogenic assays (Nos. R-1136 and R-1146), in which 240 animals per assay were divided into four groups of 30 animals/sex/dietary level. These three studies constitute a 2-year study with 75 animals/sex/dietary level of which 15 animals/sex/dietary level were sacrificed at 12 months. Effects observed at 650 ppm included glomerulonephritis [kidney], atrophic testes, eye keratitis, decreased body weight and organ weights. [Elanco Products Company, Division of Eli Lilly and Company. 1980a. MRID No. 00103251, 00103305. Available from EPA. Write to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.]
Ref: US EPA IRIS for Fluridone. 1990.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Fluridone.EPA.IRIS.1990.htm

Bone (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

Developmental toxicity–rats 0, 1, 5, 10, or 75 mg/kg/day by gavage
NOAEL - maternal: 10 mg/kg/day.NOAEL - developmental: 10 mg/kg/day.
LOAEL - maternal: 75 mg/kg/day. LOAEL - developmental: 75 mg/kg/day.
Effects: decreased body weight gain and food consumption; decreased fetal viability; decreased fetal weight; significant increase in the incidence of malformations including cephalocele and sternoschisis; increased incidence of incomplete ossification of various skeletal structures.
Developmental toxicity–rabbits 0, 5, 10, or 50 mg/kg/day by gavage
NOAEL - maternal: 10 mg/kg/day. NOAEL - developmental: 10 mg/kg/day.
LOAEL - maternal: 50 mg/kg/day. LOAEL - developmental: 50 mg/kg/day.
Effects: decreased body weight gain and food consumption; decreased fetal viability; decreased fetal weight; malformations including gastroschisis, cephalocele, domed head, flexed paw, and skull and sternum anomalies.
Ref: US EPA. Augustr 17, 2004. Human Health Risk Assessment for Fluridone TRED.

Teratology - Rat: Maternal NOEL=100 mg/kg/day; Maternal LEL=300 mg/kg/day (decreased body weight); Developmental NOEL=300 mg/kg/day; Developmental LEL=1000 mg/kg/day (decreased fetal weight, delayed ossification); Teratogenic NOEL=1000 mg/kg/day (HDT); LEL=none; core grade minimum (Elanco Products, 1986)
Ref: US EPA IRIS for Fluridone. 1990.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Fluridone.EPA.IRIS.1990.htm

Dermal (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

ONCOGENICITY, MOUSE ** 014, 028; 44090, 64272; "A Two-year Chronic Dietary Toxicity Study of EL-171 (Fluridone) in the Mouse." (G.S.Probst et. al., Toxicology Division, Lilly Research Lab., Greenfield, IN, studies M-9407, 9417 and M-9397, 12/81); Fluridone (97.2-97.8% purity); administered to ICR mice at 0, 33, 100 or 330 ppm in the diet equivalent to 0, 3.5, 10.9 or 30.7 mg/kg/day in males and 0, 4.0, 12.3 or 34.5 mg/kg/day in females; liver enzyme induction at high dose, borderline decrease in survival in the high dose group. Possible adverse effect: increased skin fibrosarcomas in high dose females. acceptable; 64272 is the 1-year report on 15/sex/group at the same concentrations in the diet. (Carlisle, 7/2/86 and Gee, 4/11/88).
Ref: Summary of Toxicology Data. Fluridone. California EPA, Department of Pesticide Regulation, Medical Toxicology Branch, Revised: 2/9/00.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Fluridone.CA.EPA.Tox.Data.pdf

Endocrine: Testicular (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

In the combined chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study in rats, chronic toxicity consisted of decreased body weights, decreased eosinophil counts and decreased absolute and relative liver and kidney weights at 81 mg/kg/day In addition, fluridone at 81 mg/kg/day also caused an increased incidence of small testes, ocular keratitis and pale or granular kidneys. In a chronic toxicity study in dogs, significant increases in absolute liver weights and increases in alkaline phosphatase activity in female dogs were seen at the highest dose-tested (400 mg/kg/day).
Ref: US EPA. August 17, 2004. Human Health Risk Assessment for Fluridone TRED.

-- Three studies were conducted concurrently, using Fischer rats fed the same dietary levels of Fluridone [0, 200, 650, 2000 ppm (0, 8, 25, 81 mg/kg/day)]. The first study was a 1-year feeding study (R-1126) in which 120 animals were divided into four groups of 15 animals/sex/dietary level. The other two studies were reported to be replicate 2-year oncogenic assays (Nos. R-1136 and R-1146), in which 240 animals per assay were divided into four groups of 30 animals/sex/dietary level. These three studies constitute a 2-year study with 75 animals/sex/dietary level of which 15 animals/sex/dietary level were sacrificed at 12 months. Effects observed at 650 ppm included glomerulonephritis, atrophic testes, eye keratitis, decreased body weight and organ weights. [Elanco Products Company, Division of Eli Lilly and Company. 1980a. MRID No. 00103251, 00103305. Available from EPA. Write to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.]
Ref: US EPA IRIS for Fluridone. 1990.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Fluridone.EPA.IRIS.1990.htm

Eye (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

Fluridone was shown to cause slight to moderate corneal dullness, iritis, and conjunctivitis, and it was toxicity category II for primary eye irritation.
Ref: US EPA. August 30, 2004. FLURIDONE: Toxicology Chapter for RED and Updating Executive Summaries for 11 Studies

-- Three studies were conducted concurrently, using Fischer rats fed the same dietary levels of Fluridone [0, 200, 650, 2000 ppm (0, 8, 25, 81 mg/kg/day)]. The first study was a 1-year feeding study (R-1126) in which 120 animals were divided into four groups of 15 animals/sex/dietary level. The other two studies were reported to be replicate 2-year oncogenic assays (Nos. R-1136 and R-1146), in which 240 animals per assay were divided into four groups of 30 animals/sex/dietary level. These three studies constitute a 2-year study with 75 animals/sex/dietary level of which 15 animals/sex/dietary level were sacrificed at 12 months. Effects observed at 650 ppm included glomerulonephritis [kidney], atrophic testes, eye keratitis, decreased body weight and organ weights. [Elanco Products Company, Division of Eli Lilly and Company. 1980a. MRID No. 00103251, 00103305. Available from EPA. Write to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.]
Ref: US EPA IRIS for Fluridone. 1990.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Fluridone.EPA.IRIS.1990.htm
• Note: Eye keratitis = inflammation of the cornea. ---

Kidney (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

CHRONIC EXPOSURE (Fluridone Technical). The following effects were reported in chronic, teratogenic, and reproductive toxicity studies in laboratory animals where experimental dosage levels and durations of exposure were far in excess of those likely to occur in humans.
-- Chronic Toxicity - Decreased survival in lifetime feeding study. Increased liver enzyme activity, liver weight, liver cell size, and microscopic liver cell changes. Increased kidney weights, and microscopic kidney cell changes. Increased serum enzyme levels...
Ref: Material Safety Data Sheet for Sonar SRP Herbicide. SePro Corporation.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Fluridone.MSDS.Sepro.1994.PDF

-- Three studies were conducted concurrently, using Fischer rats fed the same dietary levels of Fluridone [0, 200, 650, 2000 ppm (0, 8, 25, 81 mg/kg/day)]. The first study was a 1-year feeding study (R-1126) in which 120 animals were divided into four groups of 15 animals/sex/dietary level. The other two studies were reported to be replicate 2-year oncogenic assays (Nos. R-1136 and R-1146), in which 240 animals per assay were divided into four groups of 30 animals/sex/dietary level. These three studies constitute a 2-year study with 75 animals/sex/dietary level of which 15 animals/sex/dietary level were sacrificed at 12 months. Effects observed at 650 ppm included glomerulonephritis, atrophic testes, eye keratitis, decreased body weight and organ weights. [Elanco Products Company, Division of Eli Lilly and Company. 1980a. MRID No. 00103251, 00103305. Available from EPA. Write to FOI, EPA, Washington, DC 20460.]
Ref: US EPA IRIS for Fluridone. 1990.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Fluridone.EPA.IRIS.1990.htm

Liver (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

CHRONIC EXPOSURE (Fluridone Technical). The following effects were reported in chronic, teratogenic, and reproductive toxicity studies in laboratory animals where experimental dosage levels and durations of exposure were far in excess of those likely to occur in humans.
-- Chronic Toxicity - Decreased survival in lifetime feeding study. Increased liver enzyme activity, liver weight, liver cell size, and microscopic liver cell changes. Increased kidney weights, and microscopic kidney cell changes. Increased serum enzyme levels...
Ref: Material Safety Data Sheet for Sonar SRP Herbicide. SePro Corporation.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Fluridone.MSDS.Sepro.1994.PDF

REPRODUCTION, RAT ** 018, 042; 44095, 138394; "One-Generation Reproduction Bridging Study of Fluridone (EL-171, compound 112371) Administered in the Diet to Fischer 344 Rats (Studies R04090 and R21890)" submitted to support "A Multigeneration Reproduction Study with EL-171 in Rat (Studies R-338, R-888 and R-19)" (J. A. Hoyt, Toxicology Research Lab., Lilly Research Laboratories, Greenfield, IN, Study #s R04090 and R21890, 5/24/95); Dietary concentrations of fluridone (Lot# 117AS8, 99.5% purity): 0, 0.02, 0.065 or 0.2% administered daily to 30 rats/sex/dose in the F7 generation for 10 weeks during premating, mating, gestation and lactation and in the F7 generation throughout a 10 week postweaning growth period; two deaths in the F7 generation (one male from the 0.065% group and one female from the 0.2% group) attributing to failure to adjust to ventilated caging were reported; no treatment-related effects on reproduction parameters; however, the live birth index was slightly depressed (92.74% of control, p < 0.05) in the 0.2% group as compared to control group; at 0.2%, 8/23 litters contained one or more offspring which were considered stillborn; in the F7 and F7 generations, males and females treated at the 0.2% level exhibited increased absolute kidney weight; minimal to slight bilateral chronic multifocal nephrosis detected in F7 males of the 0.065% and 0.2% dose groups and in F7 males and females of the 0.2% dose group; although dose related increases in absolute liver weight occurred in F7 and F7 generations in both sexes in the 0.065% and 0.2% dose groups, the liver weight increases were not accompanied by histopathological changes; no adverse effects; parental NOEL = 0.02% (based on bilateral chronic multifocal nephrosis and increased liver weight), developmental NOEL = 0.065% (depressed liver birth index); originally unacceptable and not upgradeable (Van Way and Parker, 7/18/86) and subsequently upgraded to acceptable (Leung, 8/3/95).
Ref: Summary of Toxicology Data. Fluridone. California EPA, Department of Pesticide Regulation, Medical Toxicology Branch, Revised: 2/9/00.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Fluridone.CA.EPA.Tox.Data.pdf