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1986 Fluoride Abstracts. Part 2.

Abstracts for the following years:
Part 1 - mainly biochemistry and physiology (brain, hormonal, G-proteins, etc.)
Part 2 ("b") - all other

2007

2007-b

2004

2004-b

2001

2001-b

1998

1998-b

1995

1995-b

1992

1992-b

1989

1989-b

1986

1986-b

1983

1982

1976 -
1977
1970 -
1971

2006

2006-b

2003

2003-b

2000

2000-b

1997

1997-b

1994

1994-b

1991

1991-b

1988

1988-b

1985

1985-b

1981

1980

1974 -
1975
1968 -
1969

2005

2005-b

2005-b continued

2002

2002-b

1999

1999-b

1996

1996-b

1993

1993-b

1990

1990 -b

1987

1987-b

1984

1984-b

1979

1978

1972 -
1973
Up to
1967

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3781438&dopt=Abstract

Food Chem Toxicol 1986 Sep;24(9):913-21

Survey of lead, cadmium and fluoride in human milk and correlation of levels with environmental and food factors.

Dabeka RW, Karpinski KF, McKenzie AD, Bajdik CD.

Lead, cadmium and fluoride were determined in 210 samples of human milk and the mean and median levels and ranges found were 1.04 and 0.55 ng/g (range less than 0.05-15.8 ng/g) for lead, 0.08 and 0.06 ng/g (range less than 0.002-4.05 ng/g) for cadmium, and 7.08 and less than 4 ng/g (range less than 2-97 ng/g) for fluoride. For mothers taking no fluoride supplements and living in communities with fluoride (1 microgram/g) in the drinking-water, the mean fluoride level was 9.8 ng/g. Where no fluoride was present in the drinking-water, the mean level was 4.4 ng/g. Geometric means for all non-zero lead, cadmium and fluoride concentrations were 0.566, 0.063 and 12 ng/g, respectively. Statistical correlation of levels with some dietary and environmental factors showed that lead levels were most strongly correlated with the age of the house (P less than 0.001), with maternal exposure to heavy traffic for more than 5 yr (P = 0.011), and with coffee consumption (P = 0.034). Fluoride levels correlated strongly (P = 0.007) with the presence of fluoride in the drinking-water. Cadmium levels correlated strongly with exposure to cigarette smoke (P = 0.005 if the mother smoked and P = 0.003 if the father smoked and the mother did not smoke).

PMID: 3781438 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3703642&dopt=Abstract

Pediatrics 1986 May;77(5):758-61

American Academy of Pediatrics. Fluoride supplementation. Committee on Nutrition.

This statement reviews the rationale for the use of fluoride supplements for infants and children. The concept of fluoridation of water supplies as an effective and cost-beneficial method of reducing caries prevalence in the general population is strongly supported. In the absence of an adequately fluoridated water supply, fluoride supplements should be given to all children. This should begin at about 2 weeks of age; the dosage will depend on the concentration of fluoride in the local water supply. Fluoride-containing dentifrices are an important source of topical fluoride, but it is essential that parents be aware of the danger of excessive fluoride intake and that they teach their children to avoid swallowing toothpaste.

PMID: 3703642 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


The Ecologist 1986; 16:243-248

  • As cited and abstracted in Fluoride 1988; 231(1):45-49

J Colquhoun and R Mann

The Hastings fluoridation experiment: science or swindle?

The Hastings fluoridation study in New Zealand, 1954-1970, is listed in textbooks throughout the world as an important study confirming the effectiveness of water fluoridation. It is claimed that "free smooth-surface caries was reduced by 87 percent ... approximal caries by 73 percent ... and occlusal surface caries by 39 percent ..., " the greatest reductions being among 6 year olds: 74 percent by 1961 and 87 percent by 1964. However, most of these had occurred in the first few years of the project; 42 percent by 1957 and 61 percent by 1959. Such spectacular reductions led to acceptance of widespread fluoridation in New Zealand.

The Hastings-Napier investigation was first described as an "experiment." The neighboring town of Napier was considered an ideal control because it used essentially the same ground water (unfluoridated: 0.15 ppm). However, in 1957, the city of Napier was abandoned as a control. The project was subsequently called a "before-and-after demonstration;" 58% less decay had been recorded in Napier (unfluoridated) than in fluoridated Hastings.

The 1982 New Zealand Official Information Act permitted public access to government archives. Thereby a considerable amount of information not in agrement with the currently accepted published version of the Hastings fluoridation study was revealed; namely, 1) the claimed reductions in decay, which were greatest for younger children, were brought about partly, if not mainly, by a local change in diagnostic procedure following the introduction of fluoridation; 2) reductions over such short periods are, by today's statistical standards, beyond the "limit of credibility" for genuine decay reductions; 3) a reduction in dental decay occurred in other, non-fluoridated places throughout New Zealand during the time of the study, making it difficult for public health officials to present convincing statistics showing that the claimed reductions were related to fluoridation. The reduction occurred in the control town as elsewhere.

The Hastings experiment had commenced in 1952. Pre-fluoridation dental examinations of Hastings children were not only not published but they had been destroyed in one of the department's "periodical purges of records." The experiment was carried out by Dr. T.G. Ludwig who replaced Dr. R.E.T. Hewat, Dental Research Officer of the New Zealand Medical Research Council. Hewat had doubts whether the benefit claimed to result from this measure is fully supported by scientific evidence. "In New Zealand," Dr. Hewat stated, "we have found that many factors are interrelated with the caries rate, and I am not aware that any consideration has been given to such influences in the published data on caries and fluorine."

Thus the reported reductions were, at least partly if not wholly, the result of factors other than fluoridation. This fact, although known to those responsible for the study, was never mentioned in the official and scientific reports of it. The study was, it seems, more a public relations exercise than a scientiic one. Nonetheless, it is still being cited in dental scientific literature, and in textbooks as being the latter.


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3722090&dopt=Abstract

J Assoc Off Anal Chem 1986 May-Jun;69(3):441-2

Fluoroacetate residues in ground squirrel and coyote tissues due to primary or secondary 1080 poisoning.

Casper HH, Mount ME, Marsh RE, Schmidt RH.

Fluoroacetate residues in various tissues of 1080-poisoned ground squirrels and coyotes are listed. The tissues (excluding the stomach) of squirrels poisoned with an average of 0.8 mg 1080/kg (low dose) contained from 182 to 1309 ppb fluoroacetate. In squirrels poisoned with an average of 4.8 mg 1080/kg (high dose), the tissue residues ranged from 535 to 9754 ppb fluoroacetate. Tissues from coyotes which died after consuming 1080-poisoned ground squirrels were also analyzed for fluoroacetate residues. Residues in these coyote kidneys and livers ranged from less than 10 ppb to 95 ppb fluoroacetate. The residue findings in this research indicate that a diagnostic assay for 1080 in tissues must be reliable at 10 ppb (or less) fluoroacetate.

PMID: 3722090 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3601728&dopt=Abstract

Pol Arch Med Wewn 1986 Dec;76(5-6):274-7

[Bone marrow damage in chronic fluoride poisoning after ingestion of large amounts of fluoridated toothpaste]

[Article in Polish]

Kuliszkiewicz-Janus M, Gola A.

PMID: 3601728 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3798991&dopt=Abstract

Z Gesamte Inn Med 1986 Sep 15;41(18):512-4

[Therapy-induced fluorosis--damage or goal?]

[Article in German]

Schmidt CW, Eisengarten K, Leuschke W.

Report on 3 female patients who, after treatment of an osteoporosis with sodium fluoride, have developed a skeletal fluorosis. The proof was performed radiologically, histologically and by means of fluoride analysis in the bone ash. The diagnosis was made accidentally. Complaints relating to this are not mentioned. Osteosclerosis after fluoride therapy is no iatrogenically damage for the patient, but the aim of the therapy for the prevention of osteopenic fractures.

PMID: 3798991 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3004707&dopt=Abstract

Cancer Res 1986 Apr;46(4 Pt 1):1844-8

Anchorage dependency effects on difluoromethylornithine cytotoxicity in human lung carcinoma cells.

Luk GD, Baylin SB.

Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a specific, irreversible, enzyme-activated inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase activity, the first and rate-limiting step in polyamine biosynthesis, has been shown to inhibit neoplastic cell proliferation in culture. In most cases, such inhibition is not accompanied by cell loss, with the exception of multiple cell lines of human small cell lung carcinoma (SCC), a human leukemia cell line (HL-60), and possibly the B16 melanoma cell line. The first two cell types grow as anchorage-independent suspension cultures, the HL-60 as single cells and the SCC as multicellular spheroid aggregates. Moreover, in the spectrum of human lung carcinoma cells in culture, the SCC cells respond in a cytotoxic manner to DFMO, whereas the non-small cell lung carcinoma (non-SCC) cells, which are anchorage dependent, show only growth inhibition, without actual cell loss. In the present study, we have investigated relationships between anchorage-dependent and -independent growth patterns of cells in culture and their response to DFMO treatment. Two non-SCC lung cancer cell lines, which normally grow as anchorage-dependent monolayers, show growth inhibition but no cell loss with the addition of DFMO. When these anchorage-dependent cells were forced to grow as multicellular aggregates, by coating the culture flask with Teflon, the cells developed an increased sensitivity to DFMO. They showed not only inhibition of cell proliferation but also cell death. Two SCC cell lines, which normally grow as anchorage-independent spheroids, developed adherence to the culture dishes coated with fibronectin. These cells, which show a cytotoxic response to DFMO during normal anchorage-independent growth, developed a decreased sensitivity to DFMO, showing only cell growth inhibition, but no cell death when treated during anchorage-dependent growth. Our data thus suggest that the state of anchorage dependence of lung cancer cells in culture is a critical factor in determining their response to polyamine depletion during treatment with DFMO.

PMID: 3004707 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3804135&dopt=Abstract

Food Chem Toxicol 1986 Dec;24(12):1325-9

Inhalation toxicity of ammonium perfluorooctanoate.

Kennedy GL Jr, Hall GT, Brittelli MR, Barnes JR, Chen HC.

Ammonium perfluorooctanoate (CAS Registry No. 3825-26-1) is a fine white powder which can become airborne; hence its inhalation toxicity was studied in the male rat. The compound was found to be moderately toxic following single 4-hr exposures, with an LC50 of 980 mg/m3. This concentration produced both an increase in liver size and corneal opacity. Both findings diminished with increasing time after exposure. Subchronic head-only inhalation exposures (6 hr/day on 5 days/wk for 2 wk to 0, 1, 8 or 84 mg/m3) suppressed body-weight gain at 84 mg/m3. Reversible liver-weight increases, reversible increases in serum enzyme activities, and microscopic liver pathology, including necrosis, occurred at exposure of 8 and 84 mg/m3. No ocular changes were produced. Concentrations of organofluoride in the blood showed a dose relationship with initial levels of 108 ppm in rats treated at 84 mg/m3 falling to 0.84 ppm after 84 days with a blood half-life of 5-7 days. The no-observed-effect level was 1 mg/m3 and a mean organofluoride blood level of 13 ppm was detected in rats immediately after the tenth exposure to an atmospheric level of 1 mg ammonium perfluorooctanoate/m3.

PMID: 3804135 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3709921&dopt=Abstract

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1986 Apr;21(4):213-8

Fluoride concentration in amniotic fluid and fetal cord and maternal plasma.

Ron M, Singer L, Menczel J, Kidroni G.

Fluoride concentrations were determined in plasma of 50 pregnant women, 44 samples of amniotic fluid and fetal cord blood of 29 fetuses at various stages of normal pregnancies, from an area with a relatively low water fluoride (less than 0.5 ppm) content. The mean concentrations of fluoride from maternal plasma, cord plasma and amniotic fluid (+/- S.D.) were 0.033 +/- 0.003, 0.028 +/- 0.005 and 0.017 +/- 0.003 ppm, respectively. Maternal and fetal plasma fluoride concentrations did not differ significantly. In the older age group fetal cord plasma fluoride concentration was significantly lower than maternal plasma levels (0.012 +/- 0.08 ppm vs. 0.023 +/- 0.001, respectively; p less than 0.05). Amniotic fluid fluoride levels were significantly higher at term than in midtrimester pregnancy, 0.017 +/- 0.0018 vs. 0.010 +/- 0.009 ppm (P less than 0.05), respectively. This higher concentration may imply higher fetal urinary excretion of fluoride at term due to the lower sequestration of fluoride as the process of bone calcification is more complete.

PMID: 3709921 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3757522&dopt=Abstract

Cornell Vet 1986 Oct;76(4):395-402

Toxic effects of food-borne fluoride in silver foxes.

Eckerlin RH, Krook L, Maylin GA, Carmichael D.

Chronic ingestion of excessive amounts of fluoride from commercial fox food is associated with agalactia in vixens resulting in the starvation deaths of large numbers of kits in three fox herds. Evidence of infectious disease or poor management could not be found and a causal relationship between fluoride and high kit mortality is suggested.

PMID: 3757522 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3619661&dopt=Abstract

Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 1986 Sep;37(3):347-51

[Chronic musculo-skeletal disorders in workers working with electrolytic extraction of aluminum]

[Article in Serbo-Croatian (Roman)]

Juric M, Sikic D.

PMID: 3619661 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3619660&dopt=Abstract

Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 1986 Sep;37(3):337-45

[Telangiectasias, heavy sweating and diffuse itching of the skin in potroom workers working with the eletrolytic extraction of aluminum]

[Article in Serbo-Croatian (Roman)]

Balic J, Kansky A, Wolf A.

PMID: 3619660 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3619658&dopt=Abstract

Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 1986 Sep;37(3):319-27

[Chronic cardiac and pulmonary symptoms in aluminum workers]

[Article in Serbo-Croatian (Roman)]

Gomzi M, Pisl Z.

PMID: 3619658 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3541378&dopt=Abstract

Vopr Pitan 1986 Sep-Oct;(5):3-6

[Effect of inorganic fluoride compounds on the body in various types of nutrition]

[Article in Russian]

Dotsenko VA, Lifliandskii VG, Iakovishin AA, Kotov IuI, Belova LV.

Publication Types: Review

PMID: 3541378 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3734735&dopt=Abstract

J Forensic Sci 1986 Jul;31(3):1154-8

Suicide by exposure to sulfuryl fluoride.

Scheuerman EH.

The insecticide fumigant, sulfuryl fluoride, was used as an instrument of self destruction in at least two of the three fatal exposures detailed in this report. The autopsy findings, while nonspecific, have a confirmatory value. Toxicologic analysis should include a plasma and a urine fluoride level, since the toxic effects of exposure are probably related to this ion. Concentrations of fluoride in our cases were: 50.42 mg/L (Case 1) and 20 mg/L (Case 3). However, the values must be interpreted in light of all known information as a result of the paucity of reported cases of fatal sulfuryl fluoride exposures. The cases described provide a model for the investigation of tent fumigation deaths. Proper investigation of fumigant deaths requires knowledge of the insecticide, the fumigation procedure, and the implementation of warning devices. Guidelines are offered along with a procedural checklist for the investigation of tent fumigation deaths.

PMID: 3734735 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3718630&dopt=Abstract

Am J Emerg Med 1986 Jul;4(4):362-3

Fatal poisoning from acute hydrofluoric acid ingestion.

Manoguerra AS, Neuman TS.

A case of accidental oral poisoning with hydrofluoric acid in an adult is presented. The patient ingested the product from a drinking glass, mistaking it for water, and died approximately 90 minutes after the exposure. Severe acidemia and hypocalcemia were present, which resulted in refractory asystole. A plasma fluoride determination showed an extremely high fluoride level.

PMID: 3718630 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3517768&dopt=Abstract

Pathol Biol (Paris) 1986 Jan;34(1):33-9

[Histomorphometric profile of bone fluorosis induced by prolonged ingestion of Vichy Saint-Yorre water. Comparison with bone fluorine levels]

[Article in French]

Boivin G, Chavassieux P, Chapuy MC, Baud CA, Meunier PJ.

Nine transiliac bone biopsies from 7 patients with skeletal fluorosis due to prolonged ingestion of often high quantities of Vichy Saint-Yorre water were analyzed. Four of these patients also suffered from a chronic renal failure. A histomorphometric study was possible in 8 out of the 9 biopsies. The measurement of bone fluoride content, and a microradiographic examination, were performed on all bone samples. The radiologically evident osteosclerosis observed in each patient was confirmed by the significant increase of trabecular bone volume. Furthermore, the osteoid surfaces were very extended but the thickness of osteoid seams was normal in 6 out of 8 cases. Two biopsies demonstrated a morphological evidence of osteomalacia with abnormally thick osteoid seams. Calcification rate, measured in one of these 2 cases after tetracycline double labeling, was extremely low (less than 0.20 micron/d). The bone fluoride content was significantly high in each specimen (greater than 0.40 bone ash%) and correlated with relative osteoid volume (r' = 0.91) and thickness index of osteoid seams (r' = 0.83). Histologically, bone tissue showed modifications classically reported in the various types of skeletal fluorosis (formation defects, mottled bone with mottled periosteocytic lacunae). In conclusion, the prolonged administration of Vichy Saint-Yorre water containing 8.5 mg of fluoride ion per liter, provokes a skeletal fluorosis. This intoxication appeared very quickly if the patient suffered from an even mild renal failure. Once again, it is shown that a disturbed renal function predisposes to an excessive retention of fluoride.

PMID: 3517768 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3738538&dopt=Abstract

Skeletal Radiol 1986;15(5):350-3

Osteoporosis--an early radiographic sign of endemic fluorosis.

Lian ZC, Wu EH.

Radiological investigation of skeletal fluorosis was carried out among the inhabitants from two areas where the fluoride content of water was high, using both conventional radiography and radiographic measurements of bone mineral content (BMC). Of 139 cases in the first group, 68 presented bone abnormalities while 21 of 54 cases in the second group showed a similar change. Four essential types of bony lesion were classified. Osteoporosis, especially in the long bones, was the earliest change to be observed. The results of measurements at the distal end of the ulna indicated the presence of a low BMC even among inhabitants with a good nutritional status. It is concluded that osteoporosis towards the ends of long bones is an early radiographic sign of endemic fluorosis especially in an individual under the age of 40 years.

PMID: 3738538 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3714382&dopt=Abstract

Pediatrics 1986 Jun;77(6):876-82

Amounts of fluoride in self-administered dental products: safety considerations for children.

Heifetz SB, Horowitz HS.

With the increased use of various fluoride preparations for caries prevention, all dental personnel should know their potential toxicity and the margins of safety associated with their use. An understanding of the body's mechanisms for handling fluoride provides a rational basis for assessing the possible risks of excessive fluoride ingestion. Five to 10 g of sodium fluoride is considered a certainly lethal dose for a 70-kg adult. One quarter of the certainly lethal dose can be ingested without producing serious acute toxicity and is known as the safely tolerated dose. Comparisons of certainly lethal and safely tolerated doses for commonly used fluoride agents and procedures show that they can be applied with little or no risk of adverse acute effects, as long as they are used judiciously. If their use is abused, there is a risk of illness or even death. If amounts of fluoride close to the certainly lethal dose are ingested, the speed of initiating proper treatment is critical for survival. Vomiting should be induced, if it is not spontaneous; fluoride-binding liquids, such as milk or liquid or gel antacids, administered; and the patient taken to the nearest hospital for emergency care. Frequent ingestion of low but excessive quantities of fluoride during the period of tooth formation can lead to dental fluorosis. Particular concern is warranted for the ingestion of fluoride-containing toothpastes by young children and the inappropriate use of dietary fluoride supplements in communities with sufficient fluoride already present in drinking water.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

PMID: 3714382 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


Fluoride 1986; 19(1):4-10

Evaluation of environmental contamination by a mineral fertilizer factory on the basis of the content of fluoride in vegetables

Samujlo D, Machoy Z *

* Pomeranian Medical Academy, Department of Biochemistry, Szczecin, Poland

Summary: To evaluate environmental contamination by industrial emissions, vegetables were analyzed for fluoride. Moreover, the fluoride level in vegetables was related to meteorological and topographical conditions.


Fluoride 1986; 19(1):10-13

Fluoride content of effluent and byproducts of an aluminum industry in India

Patel CB, Jain VK, Pandey GS *

* Department of Chemistry, Ravishankar University, Raipur, India

Summary: The extent of effluent discharges from alumina and smelter palnts, and that of solid waste discharges such as red mud, vanadium sludge and cryolite mud have been evaluated. Fluoride concentration in a number of samples, collected over a prolonged period, have been determined using a fluoride ion-selective electrode measuring system and the fluroide dispersal capacity of each channel has been assessed.


Fluoride 1986; 19(1):14-18

Wind-blown dust from salty areas, a source of fluoride in plants

Lavado RS, Reinaudi NB

Prosag (Conicet-Facultad de Agronomia), Avenida San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Summary: As a source of F- in plants, in addition to that absorbed by roots, wind-blown dust carrying fluoride salts was studied. The salts and F- originated by capillary rise from groundwaters. The F- content in salt efflorescences ranges from 31 to 284 mg/kg and the F- in plants growing in differnt soils ranged from 10 to 30 mg/kg. The F- retained externally in leaves and stems ranged from 1 to 30 mg/kg. In one case more F- was retained outside the plants than in tissues. The rain F- content was similar to that found in other areas of the world. In addition to the natural F- content of soils and consequent root absorption, airborne fluroide-containing dust increases F- concentration in plants.


Fluoride 1986; 19(1):18-22

Light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic observations on human fetal bones from an endemic fluorosis area

Chongwan Z, Daijei H *, Tingzhong Z, Cundong W

* Guiyang Medical College, Department of Radiology, Guizhou, China

Summary: In an endemic fluorosis area of Guizhou, China, five human fetuses were delivered during the eight month of intrauterine life by means of artificial abortion. Bone samples of humerus and femur were studied under light and scanning electron microscope. New bone formation was more active in fetuses from the endemic area than in those from a non-endemic area. In the former, calcification was inadequate and development of epiphyseal chondrocytes was abnormal. The higher level of fluoride ion in bone samples from the endemic area was ascribed to fluoride ion deposited in fetal bones via placental circulation.


Fluoride 1986; 19(1):22-25

Improved methods for determination of fluoride in biological materials

Seifert K, Dominok B, Dominok GW

Institute of Hygiene and Pathology, Cottbus, Germany

Summary: A modified method is reported for fluoride determination in soft tissues without ashing. Measurements were also made on the fluoride content in urne of persons with and without fluoride exposure as well as in patients with renal disease by means of a flow injection analysis system.


Fluoride 1986; 19(1):26-32

Fluoride in blood and urine in humans administered fluoride and exposed to fluoride-polluted air

Jacyszyn K * and A Marut

* Department of Toxicology, Academy of Medicine Wroclaw, Analytical Laboratory of Balneotherapeutical Center, Jelenia Gora - Cieplice, Poland

Summary: Distribution of fluoride n human blood and urine was determined spectrophotometrically by using color complex of zirconium-eriochromcyanine lake. In healthy controls, the total mean fluoride concentration in blood serum was 11.2 µmol; the daily urinary fluoride, 1.83 mg. According to the present method, the fluoride concentration connected with serum protein was 10.15 µmol/l; nonprotein fluoride, 1.05 µmol/l. Fluoride increased in blood serum and in urine of workers professionally exposed to it, 16.69 µmol/l and 3.574 mg respectively. The mean fluoride concentration in erythrocytes of controls is about 6 times higher (59.97 µmol/l) than that in blood serum (11.2 µmol/l).


Fluoride 1986; 19(2):51-54

Editorial

Oseoporotic hip fractures and fluoridation

AW Burgstahler


Fluoride 1986; 19(2):55-57

Fluoride content of various sodium chloride samples

N Kokubu * and A Yamasaki

* Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan

Summary: Fluoride content was determined for various sodium chloride samples including reagent chemicals, cooking salts, and natural evaporites. Afer preconcentration on a Zirconium-loaded cation exchange resin column, fluoride was determined by a lanthanum fluoride ion selctive elecrode. The content is 0.045-0.235 ppm (µgF/gNaCl) for reagent chemicals, and 0.15-7.4 ppm for commercial cooking salts; 20.6 ppm for one sample of crude marine salts, was the highest level found.


Fluoride 1986; 19(2):58-60

Effect of fluoride on some hematological parameters of an estaurine mudskipper, Boleophthalmus dussumieri

Shaikh YA *, Hiradhar PK

* Department of Biosciences, South Gujarat University, Surat, India

Summary: Estuarine mudskipper, Boleophthalmus dussumieri was exposed to sublethal concentrations of 40 and 80 ppm fluoride for 288 hr. The fish showed decreases in hemoglobin, white blood corpusles (WBC), monocytes and dneutrophils, and increased in red blood corpuscles (RBC) and lymphocytes.


Fluoride 1986; 19(2):61-64

Fluoride intoxication in cattle due to industrial pollution caused by processing rock phosphate

Riet-Correa F *, Oliveira JA, Mendez MC, Schild AL

* Laboratorio Regional de Diagnostico, Faculdade de Veterinaria, Convenio Embrapa; Ufpel, Pelotas, RS., Brazil

Summary: Fluoride intoxication in cattle occurred as a consequence of atmospheric pollution by 4 phosphate processing factories located in the city of Rio Grande, Southern Brazil. Dental fluorosis was observed in 19 farms located in a range of 4.5 to 17.5 km from those factories. Severity of lesions was related to the distance between the farms and the factories as a linear function, y=2.13+ (-0.12.X); r2=0.77 (P <0.001). Lameness and hyperostosis were observed in a farm located 6 km distant from the factories. Histologycal bone lesions, in animals without hyperostosis, were characterized by osteoporosis, atrophy of osteoblasts and variation in shape and size of osteons with irregular distribution of osteocytes. Fluoride levels in bone varied between 1400 ppm and 5750 ppm.


Fluoride 1986; 19(2):65-70

Specific physicochemical properties of fluoridated carbonate apatites

M Okazaki

Department of Dental Technology, Osaka University, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan


Fluoride 1986; 19(2):71-77

Effects of inhaled HF on cholesterol metabolism in guinea pigs

Dousset JC *, Rioufol C, Bourbon P

* Faculte de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Toulouse, France

Summary: Exposure to 5 mg HF/m3 causes a significant increase in the plasma cholesterol levels in the guinea pig. Modifications of the cholesterol metabolism are due to the specific action of fluoride. Effects of HF on cholesterolemia are reversible however, and during a second exposure to HF, plasma cholesterol increases as in the first exposure. Cholesterol biosynthesis was studied. Acetate incorportion in intestinal tissue and lung was higher in intoxicated animals than in controls but mevalonate incorporation was comparable in the two groups. The enzyme catalyzing mevalonate synthesis, B-methyl-B-hydroxyglutaryl CoA reductase, could be activated by HF.


Fluoride 1986; 19(2):78-79

Effect of fluoride and mercury upon the activity of aminotransferases

H Miszta * and Z Dabrowski

* Department of Animal Physiology, Division of Experimental Hematology and Toxicology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland

Summary: The authors carried out experiments, using blood serum of Wistar rats, to study the synergistic effect of fluoride and mercury upon the activity of aspartate ainotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. When sodium fluroide and mercury chloride were combined enzymatic activity apparently increased in comparison to controls (AspAT - p<0.01 and A1AT - p<0.01). A more conspicuous increase in activities of the studied enzymes was obtained compared to controls, following administration of mercury chloride and sodium fluroide separately (HgCl2 - AspAT - p<0.001 and A1AT - p<0.05, NaF - AspAt - p<0.001 and A1AT - p<0.001).


Fluoride 1986; 19(2):80-86

Roentgen diagnosis of industrial skeletal fluorosis
(A report of 100 cases)

Wang J*, Gong TS, Zhen CA, Chen KZ, Cao DM, Ding JQ

* Department of Occupation Poisoning, Hunan Institute of Industrial Hygiene, Changsha, Hunan, China

Summary: This paper presents X-ray manifestations of indusrial fluorosis in 100 cases. It is recognized that increasing density, bony structure changes, and periosseous hyperplasia with calcification or ossification, especially the process of hyperplastic calcification of the posterior margin of tibia and interosseous membrane of radius and ulna, constitute the main criteria for the diagnosis of this clinical entity. Often all the above-mentioned processes make their appearance in the early stage of the disease but they may be delayed until the later stages. Preliminary analysis of the causes of this manifestation and classification of the stages of this disease with its various types are herein discussed.


Fluoride 1986; 19(2):86-89

Binding of fluoride ion to egg albumin studied with the fluoride ion selective electrode

DC Luehrs * and WC Johnson

Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA

Summary: The binding of fluoride ion to egg albumin at pH 5.75 was studied with a fluoride ion selective electrode. Significant binding was found with this new technique. When the data were plotted according to the Klotz equation, a value of 1600 was obtained for the product nK, where n is the number of binding sites and K is the binding constant which is the same for all sites.


Fluoride 1986; 19(4):155-156

Editorial

Chronic fluoride intoxication: a major breakthrough in diagnosis


Fluoride 1986; 19(4):166-168

Skeletal fluorosis, secondary to occult renal disease

Naidu MRC *, Sastry KVR, Reddy PK, Reddy DR

* Neurosurgeon, Nizam's Institute of Orthopaedics and Specialities, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India

Summary: Forty-one consecutive patients with skeletal fluorosis were reviewed. Nine of these cases were found to have renal disease; the fluroide content of their drinking water ranged between 0.5-2.0 ppm. It is surmised that these patients developed fluorosis secondary to renal disease.


Fluoride 1986; 19(4):169-172

Studies on fluoride, phosphorus and calcium in teeth before and after water fluoridation in Guangzhou, China

Li L *, Zhang S, Lu M, Luo R, Jiang J, Shen Y

* Department of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China

Excerpt from Summary: ... Over 80 samples of teeth were analysed before and after water fluroidation in Guangzhou City in China for 7 years from 1965-1972. Results show a significant increase in fluoride content in deciduous teeth after water fluoridation, but for permanent teeth, the increase was not significant. The weight ratio of calcium to phosphorus was found to be 2:1 aproximately.


Fluoride 1986; 19(4):173-180

The quality of drinking water and hot spring water from an endemic dental fluorosis area in northern Japan

K Matsuda

Department of Hygiene and Public Health, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan.

Summary: This study was carried out to compare the quality of the drinking water consumed by school children living in a dental fluorosis area of the Tsugaru Plain in northern Japan and various hot spring water samples in and around the plain. The levels of F- ions in drinking water, which was supplied from 22 deep wells, were significantly correlated with those of Cl- ions, indicating that these wells had a common source. Concentrations of Na, Cl, HCO3 ions, and total residue, as well as F- ions, were higher than those or ordinary underground water. The order of levels of major cations in drinking wter agreed with that of hot spring water in Japan. According to 1) the levels of RpH and 8 trace elements, 2) the relationship between the levels of Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3 ions, and 3) the IR absorption spectra for the total residue, the quality of the drinking water was similar to that of the three hot springs near the wells. These results suggest that these two kinds of underground water passed through a similar stratum. On the other hand F-/Cl- ratios for drinking water were higher than those of the three hot springs, suggesting that the F- ions in the drinking water did not come from the three hot springs.


Fluoride 1986; 19(4):181-183

Late responses in skeletal fluorosis

Murthy JMK, Anandavalli TE, Reddy DR *

* Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, India

Summary: In fifteen proven cases of skeletal fluorosis motor nerve conduction velocities of ulnar, median and lateral popliteal nerves were studied electrophysiologically. Electromyography was done in the muscle supplied by C5 root. Late responses, "F" wave and "H" reflex, showed unequivocal evidence of neurogenic lesion, with normal motor conduction velocities and delayed or absent "F" and "H" latencies.


Fluoride 1986; 19(4):184-187

Relationships between ionic fluoride, total fluoride, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in serum of fluorosis patients

Li CA, Gi JC, Fan JY, Yin W, Liang XP

Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical College Hospital, Tianjin, China

Summary: The fluoride concentation in serum has been determined by both the AlF method and Ion Selective Electrode method. Ion Selectrode has been used to estimate free fluoride ion (F-). The AlF method was used to estimate total fluoride TF (ionic fluoride plus non-ionic fluoride) by measuring the molecular absorption intensity of AlF with atomic adsorption spectrophotometer. F-, TF, Ca, P, Mg were measured in serum of healthy human adults and fluorosis patients. Significant differences have been found between the two groups: the ratio of ionic fluoride total fluoride, F-/TF, and the ratio of ionic fluoride to calcium, F-/Ca. A high correlation between two groups: phosphorus and ionic fluoride have also been found. The findings correspond with the clinical symptoms, which might be useful in early diagnosis, in the study of the mechanism of fluorosis and in evaluating therapeutic results.


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2423035&dopt=Abstract

Arch Biochem Biophys 1986 May 15;247(1):211-20

Protein transport in intact, purified pea etioplasts.

Schindler C, Soll J.

We have developed a method to isolate intact, purified pea etioplasts. These etioplasts were capable of recognizing, transporting, and processing the precursor form of the small subunit of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, a protein which is not detectable at this developmental stage. Transport of proteins was completely dependent on ATP and could not be substituted for or stimulated by light. The transported precursor protein was processed to its proper molecular weight. The mature form of the small subunit was assembled with the large subunit of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase already present at this stage to form an oligomer. Protein transport was completely abolished using the phosphatase inhibitor sodium fluoride. This is the first time protein transport has been demonstrated in isolated, purified etioplasts.

PMID: 2423035 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3720996&dopt=Abstract

No Absrtract available

Fiziol Zh 1986 May-Jun;32(3):340-4

[Changes in the mechanical properties and chemical composition of the osseous tissue of the white rat during excessive entrance of fluorine into the body]

[Article in Russian]

Grigorenko VK, Bachinskii PP, Bogdan SS.

PMID: 3720996 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3091742&dopt=Abstract

Nippon Seikeigeka Gakkai Zasshi 1986 May;60(5):523-8

[Experimental studies on the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine]

[Article in Japanese]

Suyama T, Hayashi K.

Fluor, which is a natural substance contained in rice, vegetables, marine products and some seasonings, is assimilated into the body through ingestion. Approximately 60% of the total amount of this fluor intake would be based on rice. A histological study of cervical spine, knee ligaments, Achilles tendon and viscera of rabbits (approx. 12-16 weeks old) was made after injection with sodium fluoride in this study. The rabbits were divided into three groups: Group A (administered NaF 86.2 mg/kg, 5.7 mg/ml, 7 rabbits); Group B (administered NaF 31.5 mg/kg, 2.85 mg/ml, 6 rabbits) and a Control Group of 3 rabbits. Five rabbits in Group A (71.4%) and all six rabbits in Group B (100%) developed ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Ossification of the yellow ligament was also found in two rabbits in Group A and one in Group B. No ossification was found in the Control Group. Both enchondral and intramembranous ossification were found in ossification of posterior longitudinal ossification in the rabbits.

PMID: 3091742 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3963037&dopt=Abstract

Am J Med 1986 Apr;80(4):561-6

Mechanism of acute lower extremity pain syndrome in fluoride-treated osteoporotic patients.

O'Duffy JD, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Johnson KA, Muhs JM, Beabout JW, Hodgson SF, Riggs BL.

Acute pain in the lower extremity, which has previously been attributed to synovitis or fasciitis, develops in about 15 percent of osteoporotic patients treated with sodium fluoride. This report describes 11 osteoporotic women in whom this syndrome developed while they were being treated with sodium fluoride (mean dose 78 mg per day; range, 60 to 90). [99mTc]Hydroxymethylene diphosphonate scintiscanning showed an increased number of foci of abnormal uptake in the lower extremities (p less than 0.05), when compared with results of scintiscanning in 12 nonsymptomatic osteoporotic women treated with sodium fluoride and 12 osteoporotic women treated with oral calcium carbonate only. The increased uptake was not restricted to the areas of pain. Roentgenography revealed stress microfractures in five of the 11 symptomatic patients. It is concluded that the acute lower extremity pain syndrome during fluoride therapy usually results from intense regional bone remodeling, which may be complicated by stress microfractures.

PMID: 3963037 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3703642&dopt=Abstract

Pediatrics 1986 May;77(5):758-61

American Academy of Pediatrics. Fluoride supplementation. Committee on Nutrition.

This statement reviews the rationale for the use of fluoride supplements for infants and children. The concept of fluoridation of water supplies as an effective and cost-beneficial method of reducing caries prevalence in the general population is strongly supported. In the absence of an adequately fluoridated water supply, fluoride supplements should be given to all children. This should begin at about 2 weeks of age; the dosage will depend on the concentration of fluoride in the local water supply. Fluoride-containing dentifrices are an important source of topical fluoride, but it is essential that parents be aware of the danger of excessive fluoride intake and that they teach their children to avoid swallowing toothpaste.

PMID: 3703642 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3946926&dopt=Abstract

Am Rev Respir Dis 1986 Feb;133(2):307-12

Respiratory survey of North American Indian children living in proximity to an aluminum smelter.

Ernst P, Thomas D, Becklake MR.

We explored the relationship of respiratory symptoms and lung function to exposure to ambient air pollution consisting of particulate and gaseous fluorides. The subjects were 253 North American Indian children 11 to 17 yr of age living on the Akwasasne reserve, which is adjacent to an aluminum smelter. Among boys, closing volume (CV/VC%) was increased in those raised closest to the smelter as opposed to those having lived most of their lives farthest from this source of air pollution. In both sexes, there was a significant linear relationship between increasing CV/VC% and the amount of fluoride contained in a spot urine sample. We conclude that exposure to fluoride air pollution in the community may be associated with abnormalities in small airways. The implication of these abnormalities for future respiratory health is unknown.

PMID: 3946926 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3463255&dopt=Abstract

Arch Oral Biol 1986;31(5):279-86

Fluoride content of water, dust, soils and cereals in the endemic dental fluorosis area of Khouribga (Morocco).

Haikel Y, Voegel JC, Frank RM.

The fluoride contents of drinking water, dust, soil, straw, raw barley (ears and stems) and barley grains in Khouribga were compared with those from Beni-Mellal, 90 km east of Khouribga where no fluorosis occurs. Identical fluoride levels were found in water samples from both areas, whereas high amounts of F- were in soil, dust, dried straw and dried barley grown in Khouribga. Equilibrated with water, large phosphate rock particles, probably of francolite, and smaller phosphate particles of clay-contaminated francolite, randomly collected in the factories of Khouribga never contained more than 1.2 parts/10(6) F-. Unwashed samples of straw and whole barley had a higher F- content than washed samples. The marked fluorosis in herbivores of the Khouribga area comes more from the ingestion of dust-contaminated food (unwashed straw and unwashed raw barley) with a high fluoride content than from inhalation of fluoride-containing dust. By contrast, the endemic human fluorosis in the same region is mostly due to inhalation of fluoride-containing phosphate dust, and not to fluoride in the drinking water and only exceptionally to fluoride deposited during storage onto cereals, because grains grown in Khouribga have a low fluoride content.

PMID: 3463255 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


Ugeskr Laeger 1986 Apr 7;148(15):903-5

[Acute fluoride poisoning]

[Article in Danish]

Lybecker H, Bach V, Ravlo O, Moller JT, Kaa E.

A woman aged 32 years consumed 56 g sodium fluoride (NaF) with suicidal intent. This dosage corresponded to 28 ampoules, each of which was designed to be dissolved in two liters of water to make a prophylactic mouthwash solution. The fluoride concentrations in the serum and blood in this patient were among the highest hitherto described in the literature.

In the course of approximately half an hour, the patient developed abdominal symptoms in the form of servere pain and vomiting. Approximately one hour after consumption of the poison, profuse hematemesis occurred. Despite optimal treatment the patient's condition was complicated by cardiac and respiratory insufficiency. Approximately 2 1/2 hours after intake of NaF, asystoly developed which was resistant to therapy.

On the basis of this case-history, the pathophysiology of fluoride poisoning is reviewed. Fluoride causes corrosive lesions in the gastro-intestinal tract, severe reduction in serum calcium and inhibition in several enzyme systems with subsequent reduction of oxidative phosphorylation.

In conclusion, a therapeutic procedure is proposed which is aimed primarily at reducing absorption and maintaining circulation.


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3940841&dopt=Abstract

No Abstract available

Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1986 Jan 10;111(2):78-9

[Osteomalacia caused by sodium fluoride]

[Article in German]

Helmreich-Becker I.

PMID: 3940841 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3727197&dopt=Abstract

Urol Int 1986;41(2):91-4

Response of the renal supporting tissues to chronic fluoride exposure as revealed by a special technique.

Greenberg SR.

The effects of chronic fluoride excess in the mouse were studied by means of polarizing microscopy in combination with a special staining technique employing Sirius red F3B, a dye which renders collagen fibrils sharply visible. It was observed that changes occur in three renal areas: the interstitium, the intrinsic vasculature and Bowman's capsule. The collagen content of each area increases after about 100 days of the total fluoride exposure of 280 days had elapsed. Although Bowman's capsule was thickened, the glomerular tufts and the nephrons showed edematous swelling and degeneration. A concept is developed to illustrate how early inflammatory response to the chemical effects of fluoride excess leads to vascular injury, parenchymal ischemia and fibrosis.

PMID: 3727197 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3125730&dopt=Abstract

No Abstract available

Acta Univ Carol [Med] (Praha) 1986;32(5-6):377-80

Ossification of ligaments due to fluorides.

Schmidt CW.

PMID: 3125730 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3776368&dopt=Abstract

Z Urol Nephrol 1986 Aug;79(8):481-4

[Metabolism of fluorine in terminal renal failure]

[Article in German]

Schmidt CW, Leuschke W.

Report on a 76-year-old man with untreated terminal renal insufficiency and fluoride load lasting for decades. We found the typical constellation of low fluoride values in the urine, very high serum values and considerable storage of fluoride in the skeleton. With regard to the fluoridation of drinking water fluorides are a remarkable factor in the care of patients with chronic renal diseases.

PMID: 3776368 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3485732&dopt=Abstract

Jpn J Pharmacol 1986 Jan;40(1):191-3

Enhancement of the twitch of bull frog sartorius muscle by fluorides.

Hattori T, Maehashi H.

Effects of 5 kinds of fluorides on the twitch of the sartorius muscle of the bull frog were investigated. All of the fluorides (0.1-2.0 mM) enhanced the twitch evoked by nerve stimulation. The extents of enhancement at 2.0 mM were in the order: stannous fluoride much greater than potassium fluoride greater than sodium silico fluoride greater than sodium fluoride greater than diammine silver fluoride. The extent of each enhancement was larger than that in the case of direct stimulation of the muscle. These findings show that fluorides commonly enhance the twitch of skeletal muscle and that the extent of enhancement is related to the properties of cations included in the fluoride.

PMID: 3485732 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3764925&dopt=Abstract

Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1986 Sep 30;85(3):428-36

Serum citrate as a peripheral indicator of fluoroacetate and fluorocitrate toxicity in rats and dogs.

Bosakowski T, Levin AA.

The utility of serum citrate as a peripheral indicator of toxicity was tested as a possible investigational probe for compounds which inhibit citrate metabolism. Fluoroacetate (FA) and its putative toxic metabolite, fluorocitrate (FC), were given to rats and dogs in a series of studies. In rats, 3 mg/kg FA (po) caused a 46% depletion in heart ATP concentrations and a 15-fold increase in heart citrate concentrations. Both of these changes were significantly correlated with a fivefold elevation in serum citrate. In dogs, citrate accumulation was less pronounced (two-to threefold) in the heart and serum, and heart ATP concentrations were not significantly reduced. However, the time course of serum citrate elevations corresponded with the appearance of serious clinical signs and death. In range-finding studies with rats or dogs, serum citrate elevations were always observed in a dose-related pattern according to the dose of FA or FC administered. In contrast to FA, toxic doses of FC did not reduce heart ATP in either rats or dogs, and heart citrate accumulation was less marked than with FA. Both FA and FC produced significant hyperglycemia (twofold increase) in both rats and dogs and high correlations were established between serum glucose and serum citrate in both species. Serum total calcium was reduced (-18%) in dogs treated with FC (8 mg/kg, iv) and a strong inverse correlation to serum citrate was shown. This correlation is biologically meaningful in light of the known chelating effect of citrate on calcium. Clinical manifestations of tremors, tetany, and convulsions in FC-treated dogs were consistent with known symptoms of hypocalcemia. No decrease in total calcium was observed in rats treated with either FA or FC. Despite certain species differences in response to the two fluoro inhibitors, serum citrate levels were always reflective of nontoxic, toxic, or lethal doses.

PMID: 3764925 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3459412&dopt=Abstract

Arch Oral Biol 1986;31(4):223-8

An experimental study of bio-availability of fluoride from dietary sources in man.

Trautner K, Siebert G.

After single, oral doses, 8 h profiles of fluoride (F) concentrations in plasma and saliva, and 24 h urinary excretions were determined in healthy adult volunteers. Bio-availability of F from dietary sources was evaluated in relation to that of NaF. Between 2 and 10 mg of F administered all 3 variables were dose-dependent. However, digestion, the chemical state of F, and interaction with accompanying foods may modify the kinetics of F passage through the human body. Low bio-availabilities were observed for most solid foods such as fish and algal flour and for mammalian and fish bones, when used as typical components of fluoride-rich foods such as meat- and fish-products. This data is important in the determination of optimum levels of F supplementation in human nutrition for caries-prevention programmes.

PMID: 3459412 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3704624&dopt=Abstract

Sci Total Environ 1986 Apr;50:183-9

[The concentration of fluorine in different dairy products made from contaminated milk]

[Article in French]

Garrec JP, Plebin R.

The total fluoride levels in milk from cows grazing in fluoride-contaminated pastures (0.26 microgram g-1) are found to be about twice as high as those in milk from cows on a "normal" grass diet (0.11 microgram g-1). Among dairy products from contaminated milk, the fluoride concentrations in cream and cheese are the highest. During processing, large amounts of fluoride accumulate in these products, and the fluoride concentrations of cream and cheese are about three times (0.80 microgram g-1) those of milk. However, the study demonstrates that not only milk but also dairy products are poor sources of fluoride even in cases in which the fluoride content of the ambient air is notably high.

PMID: 3704624 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3014731&dopt=Abstract

Vision Res 1986;26(3):383-9

Effect of fluoride on the phosphodiesterase of bovine photoreceptors.

Bignetti E, Sorbi RT, Tirindelli R.

In the absence of the specific hormone, fluoride is able to activate the adenylate cyclase because it interacts with the GTP-binding protein. It has been reported that fluoride activates also the phosphodiesterase of the light-sensitive enzymatic cascade in dark-adapted retinal rod outer segments, but there is no indication that the GTP-binding protein is involved in this process or not. We show here that also in the photoreceptor system fluoride does interact with the GTP-binding protein in order to activate the phosphodiesterase in the dark. Further, we show evidences that fluoride solubilizes the GTP-binding protein in the dark and that the resulting complex activates the phosphodiesterase in dark-adapted rod outer segment membranes.

PMID: 3014731 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3794209&dopt=Abstract

J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 1986;15(6):731-5

[Preliminary study on transplacental transfer of fluoride. Apropos of 41 mother-infant couples]

[Article in French]

Caldera R, Chavinie J, Laurent AM, Fermanian J, Tortrat D.

Comparing the levels of ionised fluoride in the serum of maternal blood at the time of delivery and cord blood shows that there is a good correlation between the two levels (r = 0.66). This makes it possible to say that fluoride is transferred easily across the placenta. The transfer is not influenced by the parity of the age of the mother nor by epidural anaesthesia, nor by the Apgar score. It does, however, correlate with the duration of the pregnancy.

PMID: 3794209 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3008553&dopt=Abstract

Am J Ind Med 1986;9(2):153-8

Exposure to fluoride in the chemical industry.

Levi S, Zilberman L, Frumin A, Frydman M.

Industries that use fluoride-containing materials are usually aware of their toxicity and adopt adequate medical measures. It has been found that workers in factories who have not been considered as subjected to fluorine hazard and therefore have not been controlled had significantly elevated urinary fluoride levels. Most workers in a medically controlled fertilizer plant had normal urinary levels. Maintenance workers were found to have higher values, up to 12 mg/liter.

PMID: 3008553 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3465445&dopt=Abstract

No Abstract available

Caries Res 1986;20(6):518-24

Bioavailability of fluoride from some health food products in man.

Trautner K, Einwag J.

PMID: 3465445 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3460044&dopt=Abstract

Odontostomatol Trop 1986 Mar;9(1):15-20

Fluorides and fluorosis in Kenya. Part I: The occurrence of fluorides.

Manji F, Kapila S.

PMID: 3460044 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3532069&dopt=Abstract

Odontostomatol Trop 1986 Jun;9(2):71-4

Fluorides and fluorosis in Kenya. Part II: The occurrence of dental and skeletal fluorosis.

Manji F, Kapila S.

Publication Types: Review

PMID: 3532069 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3478660&dopt=Abstract

Odontostomatol Trop 1986 Sep;9(3):135-9

Fluorides and fluorosis in Kenya. Part III: Fluorides, fluorosis and dental caries.

Manji F, Kapila S.

PMID: 3478660 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3081866&dopt=Abstract

Pediatr Clin North Am 1986 Feb;33(1):65-89

Controversies in neonatal nutrition.

Pereira GR, Barbosa NM.

The assessment of growth parameters remains one of the most practical and valuable tools to estimate nutritional status in neonates. Growth assessment in full-term infants is performed by using charts developed by the National Center for Health and Statistics. The assessment of post-natal growth in premature infants is controversial and can be performed by using either intrauterine or extrauterine standards. The selection of appropriate growth charts should be based on clinical, demographic, ethnic, and socioeconomic similarities of the population used for reference. Daily energy intakes ranging from 100 to 120 kcal/kg/day have been recommended for full-term infants, while higher intakes ranging from 114 to 181 kcal/kg/day have been recommended for premature neonates. Full-term infants should be nursed or nipple fed on demand; however, premature infants should ideally be tube fed by intermittent gastric feeding (gavage). Continuous gastric and transpyloric feedings are indicated in selected infants. Human milk is a preferred food for full-term infants during the first six months of life; however, this precept does not suggest that all infants who are exclusively breast-fed will grow adequately. Preterm human milk is also a preferred food for the low birthweight infant, provided nutritional supplements are used. It is unclear whether the supplementation of vitamin D, iron, and fluoride in full-term breast-fed infants should be started at birth, at the time of initiation of solid foods, or at the age of six months. The routine supplementation of multivitamins, folic acid, and vitamin E to all low birthweight infants is controversial. Most investigators suggest vitamin supplementation be given until the intake of formula or breast milk is sufficient to meet daily requirements. Vitamin E appears to exert a protective effect in premature infants against the development of severe retinopathy. The supplementation of vitamin E should be dependent upon the serum vitamin E concentration. It is controversial whether iron supplementation for premature infants should be initiated soon after birth or at two months of age, or whether higher doses of iron should be given to very low birthweight infants. If iron supplementation is started at birth, vitamin E status should be closely monitored. Although the optimal intakes of calcium and phosphorus in infant feedings have not been firmly established, the levels of calcium and phosphorus in human milk appear to be inadequate for the growing low birthweight infant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Publication Types:
Review

PMID: 3081866 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3702798&dopt=Abstract

Med J Aust 1986 Apr 28;144(9):502

No abstract available

Fluoride, bone and repetitive strain injury.

Smith GE.

Publication Types: Letter

PMID: 3702798 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3748771&dopt=Abstract

Perspect Biol Med 1986 Summer;29(4):560-72

No abstract available

Fluoride, the environment, and human health.

Smith GE.

PMID: 3748771 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]


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