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1976 - 1977 Fluoride Abstracts.
| Abstracts
for the following years: Part 1 - mainly biochemistry and physiology (brain, hormonal, G-proteins, etc.) Part 2 ("b") - all other |
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1970
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Toxicology 1976; 7:239-242
- As cited (and abstracted) in Fluoride 1978; 11(1):37-38
Cytogenetic investigations of leucocytes of cattle intoxicated with fluoride
Leonard A, Deknudt GH, Decat G, Leonard ED
The following appeared in Fluoride 1978; 11(3):156
To the Editor:
In the paper "Cytogenetic Investigations on Leucocytes of Cattle Intoxicated with Fluoride" by A Leonard, G.H. Duknudt, G. Decat, and E.D. Leonard (abstracted in FLUORIDE, 11:37-38, Jan 1978), the authors concluded that the incidence of abnormal cells was "slightly but not significantly higher in the intoxicated animals."
Although the cytological observations recorded in Table 1 of this paper indicated no difference in the frequency of chromatid aberrations, they did in fact show a distinctly higher rate of chromosome aberrations in the exposed cows than in the controls. In the 800 leucocyte cells from 8 exposed cows they found 3 gaps and 10 fragments, but in the 400 cells from 3 unexposed cows they found only 2 gaps and 1 fragment.
On a comparable basis the intoxicated animals therefore had more than twice as many chromosomal abnormalities as the controls (13/800 vs. 6/800 cells).
Albert Burgstahler, Ph.D.
Department of Chemistry
The University of Kansas
Lawrence, Kansas 66045
Fluoride 1977; 10(3):125-136
Fluoride-induced changes in 60 retired aluminum workers
E Czerwinski and W Lankosz
Orthopedic Department, Academy of Medicine, Cracow, Poland
Summary: Orthopedic, radiological and analytical examinations were performed in a group of 60 retired disabled workers of an aluminum factory. Occupational disease had previously been recognized in this group because of disturbances in the respiratory and circulatory systems. The age of those examined averaged 49.6 years; the duration of exposure averaged 16.9 years; 88.3% had worked in the electrolysis department.
In the majority of cases orthopedic examination showed changes of a generalized character in locomotion, differing in the degree of intensity. Exostoses and ossification of the interosseous membranes and muscle attachments were the most frequently detected radiological changes. Generalized sclerosis and periosteal reactions occurred less frequently. No major variations from the norm were noted in the levels of serum calcium, phosphorus, acid and alkaline phosphatase.
Excerpt:
Table 3
Non-skeletal Changes
Manifestations Frequency of Occurrence Respiratory and circulatory system 97 % Digestive system 51 % Gastric ulcer 12 % Status after stomach resection 8 % Urolithiasis and cholelithiasis 13 % Dental changes 74 % Psychiatric disturbances 23 %
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=905251&dopt=AbstractProbl Endokrinol (Mosk) 1977 Jul-Aug;23(4):104-7
[Effect of inorganic fluorine compounds on the functional state of the pituitary-testis system]
[Article in Russian]
Tokar' VI, Savchenko ON.The radioimmunological method was applied to the study of blood testosterone, LH, and FSH content in 41 men suffering from fluorosis, aged from 33 to 45 years. Nineteen men who had no contact with fluorine compounds served as control. In comparison with healthy individuals testosterone content proved to be decreased and FSH content elevated in patients with fluorosis. Blood LH content was increased only in those patients with fluorosis who had long contact with fluorine compounds (over 15 years). The changes in the blood hormone concentration were connected with disturbances of the hormonal, and, possibly, of the germenative function of the testes. The hypophysis proved to suffer less, and the changes of its function were apparently secondary in character.
PMID: 905251 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
J ANAT 124:494-495,1977
5 FLUORO-2-DESOXYURIDINE INDUCED MALFORMATIONS IN THE WISTAR RAT FETUS WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO CLEFT PALATE
FERGUSON MJ
Taxonomic Name: RATTUS, WISTAR
Test Object: MAMMAL, RAT
Name of Agent (CAS RN): 5-FLUORO-2-DEOXYURIDINE ( 50-91-9 )
Fluoride 1977; 10(4):157-164
Cytogenetic effecs of hydrogen fluoride gas on maize
AH Mohamed
Department of Biology, University of Missouri, Kansas City
Summary: Maize seedlings of the genotype C I Sh Wx were fumigated with hydrogen fluoride gas (HF) continuously for 4, 6, 8 and 10 days. Miscrospore mitosis of the treated plants indicated the presence of fragments and bridges suggesting the occurrence of the phenomenon of breakage-fusion-bridge cycle of McClintock. This phenomenon was later confirmed by the production of endosperm mosaicisms. The period of fumigation was clearly related to the extent of the area resulting from the B-F-B cycle. Recombination values were estimated from F2 data for the regions C-sh and sh-wx. There was a significant increase in the frequency of crossing over for region I with maximum increase being for the 4 days duration. The recombination value for region II showed no significant deviation from the control. These findings indicate that HF in addition to being a mutagenic agent is also able to reduce corssing over in certain chromosome segments.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=895759&dopt=AbstractNo Abstract available
Mutat Res 1977 Aug;44(2):287-90
Suppressive activity by fluoride on the induction of dominant lethals with trenimon in spermatozoa of Phryne cincta (Nematocera, Diptera).
Israelewski N, Obe G.
PMID: 895759 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=407269&dopt=AbstractJ Cyclic Nucleotide Res 1977 Apr;3(2):119-28
Fluoride activation of rat brain adenylate cyclase: the requirement for a protein co-factor.
Bradham LS.
Activation of particulate adenylate cyclase and detergent-soluble (lubrol PX) adenylate cyclase occurred when the enzyme was preincubated at 37 degrees in the presence of 5 mM NaF and 5mM MgSO4. Under these conditions the specific activity of the enzyme increased more than twofold in 8 to 12 min. Activation also occurred in the presence of 5 mM NaF alone, but the rate of activation was slower. Under these conditions, activation was inhibited by 1mM EDTA, but this inhibition was prevented by Mg++. No activation was observed at 0 degrees or in the absence of F. After repeated extraction with detergent, particulate adenylate cyclase was not stimulated by mM NaF, and activation by preincubation with Mg++ and F- was significantly reduced. Activation was restored by recombination of this particulate fraction with the initial detergent extract. This activating effect appeared to be mediated by one or more proteins present in the detergent extract.
PMID: 407269 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=940228&dopt=AbstractJpn J Pharmacol 1976 Apr;26(2):233-47
F-induced changes and its reversal by ITP in membrane turbidity and adenylate cyclase activity of chick brain microsomes.
Asakawa T, Yoshida H.
The activation of adenylate cyclase by NaF was dependent on the previous incubation time and the concentration of F-. The activation by F- was irreversible and Mg2+ was required for the maximum effect. Turbidity of microsome suspension was also greatly increased by F- plus Mg2+. These effects on adenylate cyclase and membrane turbidity were specific for F- and F- saturation curves for both were similar, though Mg2+-saturation curves for both were dissimilar. The increase in turbidity induced by F- plus Mg2+ was rapidly reversed by ATP, GTP, ITP, UTP and CTP. However, ITP only, among all the triphospho-nucleotides tested, reversed the activity of adenylate cyclase previously activated by NaF plus MgC12. The activity of the enzyme reversed by ITP was not, however, re-enhanced by the presence of NaF in the assay medium. These results suggest the possiblity that F- induces a change in the membrane structure itself, and this change can be reversed by incubation with ITP. Consequently, adenylate cyclase may be conformed either to an activated or an unactivated state.
PMID: 940228 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=192417&dopt=AbstractBrain Res 1977 Apr 8;125(1):99-108
Ontogeny of beta-adrenergic receptors in rat cerebral cortex.
Harden TK, Wolfe BB, Sporn JR, Perkins JP, Molinoff PB.
The ontogeny of beta-adrenergic receptors in rat cerebral cortex has been studied using [125I]iodohydroxybenzylpindolol as a ligand in an in vitro binding assay. The concentration of beta-adrenergic receptors was very low during the first week after birth. Between days 7 and 14 there was a rapid increase in the density of receptors. Adult levels were reached by the end of the second week. The affinities of 1-isoproterenol and iodohydroxybenzylpindolol for beta-adrenergic receptors did not vary with the age of the animal. Fluoride stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the cerebral cortex was 40% of the adult level at birth and gradually increased to maximal levels over the next two weeks. On the other hand, catecholamine stimulated cyclic-3',5'-adenosine monophosphate accumulation was barely detectable during the first week after birth, but it increased rapidly to adult levels between days 7 and 14. The results suggest that it is the development of beta-adrenergic receptors that permits the expression of catecholamine sensitive adenylate cyclase activity. Norepinephrine stores in the cerebral cortex developed slowly reaching adult levels approximately two months after birth. There is therefore little correlation between the ontogeny of presynaptic adrenergic nerve terminals and the postsynaptic development of beta-adrenergic receptors.
PMID: 192417 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=189230&dopt=AbstractNaunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1977 Jan;296(2):177-81
Further evidence for the involvement of cAMP in central blood pressure regulation.
Walland A.
In order to test the hypothesis that the activity of cardiovascular centres is determined by their content of cAMP a number of drugs which influence the activity of either phosphodiestase or adenylcyclase were injected in doses of 100-1000 mug/kg into the lateral cerebral ventricle of cats. The effects on blood pressure and heart rate were studied. The phosphodiesterase inhibitors papaverine, carbocromene, theophylline and caffeine caused hypertension and tachycardia which increased with the dose while the phosphodiesterase activator imidazole exerted opposite effects. Sodium fluoride which activates adenylcyclase increased blood pressure and heart rate substantially. The results confirm the above-mentioned hypothesis.
PMID: 189230 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=579058&dopt=AbstractActa Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 1977 Aug;41(2):97-102
Effect of fluoride on glycerol production in rat adipocytes in vitro.
Holland RI.
The effect of 10 mM fluoride on glycerol production in vitro from rat epididymal adipocytes was investigated. Fluoride had no effect on the basal glycerol production, irrespective of the presence or absence of Ca++ and Mg++ ions. When stimulating the glycerol production with 10 mM theophylline, fluoride reduced the stimulation in the absence of either Ca++ or Mg++ or both. In the presence of both ions, fluoride had no effect on the theophylline stimulation. Fluoride also reduced the stimulative effect of adrenaline on glycerol production, but not that of glucagon. Increased adrenaline concentration could not overcome the inhibitory effect of fluoride.
PMID: 579058 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=135082&dopt=AbstractJ Reprod Fertil 1976 Sep;48(1):91-7 Related Articles, Links
Changes in surface ATPase of rat spermatozoa in transit from the caput to the cauda epididymidis.
Chulavatnatol M, Yindepit S.
Rat spermatozoa from the cauda epididymidis were found to have a lower activity of the surface ATPase than the spermatozoa from the caput region. The enzyme from spermatozoa of both regions had the same Michaelis constant (Km) for ATP of 5 X 10(-4) M. It was partly inhibited by ouabain and fluoride, but strongly inhibited by Cu2+, Zn2+,p-chloromercuribenzoate, 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulphonate Triton X-100, Lubrol-PX, urea, guanidine hydrochloride, sodium dodecyl sulphate and glycerylphosphorylcholine. The enzyme of the spermatozoa from the cauda epididymidis was more sensitive to inhibition by ouabain and fluoride but less sensitive to inhibition by Cu2+ than that of the cells form the caput region. The Arrhenius plot of the temperature dependence of enzymatic activity varied for the cells from the caput and cauda epididymidis. The differences in the enzyme properties of spermatozoa from the two regions of the epididymis suggested that the decline in the activity during epididymal maturation may reflect changes in the lipids and sulphydryl groups of the sperm membrane.
PMID: 135082 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=186308&dopt=AbstractFEBS Lett 1976 Oct 15;69(1):207-10
Adenylate cyclase in foetal rat testes and its stimulation by LH and NaF.
Picon R.
PMID: 186308 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=924016&dopt=AbstractMol Cell Endocrinol 1977 Oct;8(4):335-46
In vitro synthesis of rat testicular androgen-binding protein (ABP).
Ritzen EM, Hagenas L, Ploen L, French FS, Hansson V.
Testicular tissue from immature and adult rats shows in vitro synthesis of androgen-binding protein (ABP). The ABP synthesis is dependent on a complete tissue culture medium, the incubation temperature and the age of the rats. ABP synthesis is inhibited at 0 degrees C or in the presence of cycloheximide, puromycin or sodium fluoride. Immature (17-25-day-old rat) testes showed a higher rate of ABP synthesis per 100 mg tissue than adult rat testes during 'baseline' conditions (no additions to the medium). Addition of NIH-FSH-S10 or testosterone to the medium increases the production of ABP by the testicular minces. The in vitro techniques have proved to be useful for studies of direct hormonal influence on the Sertoli cell protein synthesis.
PMID: 924016 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=410699&dopt=AbstractGenetics 1977 Sep;87(1):67-81
Induced dominant lethal mutations and cytotoxic effects in germ cells of Drosophila melanogaster with Trenimon, PDMT and sodium monofluorophosphate.
Buchi R.
Male and female Drosophila melanogaster with special sex chromosome or special autosome constitutions were fed with the mutagenic chemicals Trenimon (2,3,5-trisethyleneimino-1,4-benzoquinone) and PDMT (1-phenyl-3, 3-dimethyltriazene) and with the toxic substance Na2PO3F (sodium monofluorophosphate). The frequency of dominant lethality was recorded among the progeny. The results clearly show that dominant lethality is dose dependent for Trenimon- or PDMT-treated chromosomes in mature sperm and mature oocytes, and an increased amount of chromosomal material per nucleus yields an enhanced lethality. In contrast, a pure toxic effect of Na2PO3F on mature oocytes was demonstrated with one type of female. --With the stocks of Drosophila used, it is possible to distinguish between mutagenic and toxic effects of chemicals on the germ cells. Therefore, dominant lethality can be used as a simple and quick screening test for chemical mutagens.
PMID: 410699 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=141179&dopt=AbstractZahn Mund Kieferheilkd Zentralbl 1977;65(2):176-85
[Calcium transport via the placenta by simultaneous fluoride administration in rats]
[Article in German]
Stosser L, Schmidt H.
Ca-45 was injected Wistar-rats during pregnancy that receive destillated or with 100 ppm F- enriched water. The effect of fluoride on transport of calcium through placenta was calculated from results of Ca-45-activity of fetuses. Besides results were obtained about fluoride- and Ca-45-uptake of mothers femur and about the development of rats under fluoride ingestion
PMID: 141179 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=195896&dopt=AbstractIn Vitro 1977 Jul;13(7):443-9
Effect of cyclic 3':5'-AMP derivatives prostaglandins and related agents on human chorionic gonadotropin secretion in human malignant trophoblast in culture.
Hussa RO, Story MT, Pattillo RA, Kemp RG.
The secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is stimulated by addition of N6, O2'-dibutyryl cyclic 3':5'-AMP (dbcAMP) or theophylline to normal term placenta and human malignant trophoblast cells in vitro. To understand better the specificity of this process, malignant trophoblast cultures were incubated with 3':5'-cyclic AMP (cAMP) derivatives, prostaglandins and other agents for 1 to 3 days, and the secretion of radioimmunoassayable hCG was measured. Whereas dbcAMP was the most potent agent in stimulating secretion of hCG, the N6--and O2'-monobutyryl derivatives of cAMP and phosphodiesterase inhibitors (theophylline, papaverine, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) also increased the secretion of the hormone. A slight increase in hCG secretion was observed following addition of adenine. By contrast, butyrate, cAMP, cyclic 3':5'-GMP (cGMP), dbcGMP, 5'-AMP, adenosine, L-epinephrine and prostaglandins E1, E2, F1a and F2a were ineffective. Particulate fractions from sonicates of malignant trophoblast cultures contained adenylate cyclase activity which was stimulated more than 10-fold by NaF, but not by either catecholamines or prostaglandins. The relatively specific stimulation of hCG secretion suggested that a regulatory process involving cAMP may have physiological significance in the trophoblast.
PMID: 195896 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3029057&dopt=Abstract
J Biol Chem 1987 Feb 15;262(5):1977-83Coupling between phosphoinositide breakdown and early mitogenic events in fibroblasts. Studies with fluoroaluminate, vanadate, and pertussis toxin.
Paris S, Chambard JC, Pouyssegur J.
In the preceding paper (Paris, S., and Pouyssegur J. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 1970-1976), AlF4- and vanadate have been shown to induce inositol phosphate formation in resting hamster fibroblasts (CCL39). In this study, we show that these two phosphate analogs are good tools to explore the causal relationship between phosphoinositide breakdown and early mitogenic events. AlF4- can activate, very similarly to the mitogen alpha-thrombin: the amiloride-sensitive Na+/H+ antiport, the bumetanide-sensitive Na+/K+/Cl- co-transport, and the expression of c-myc mRNA. The link between phospholipase C activation and these early events of the mitogenic response is demonstrated by the similarity of all dose-response curves for NaF and AlCl3 and by the common sensitivity of the four events to pertussis toxin. Vanadate likewise stimulates the Na+/H+ antiport through a pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway. On longer incubations, both fluoride and vanadate were found to be toxic and failed to induce DNA synthesis. Therefore, we have used pertussis toxin to investigate the link between phospholipase C activation and commitment to DNA synthesis. We show that pertussis toxin strikingly inhibits thrombin-induced reinitiation of DNA synthesis but does not affect the stimulation by the epidermal or fibroblast growth factors, two mitogens that do not stimulate phosphoinositide breakdown in CCL39 cells. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that activation of phospholipase C, if not an obligatory step in the action of all growth factors, plays a crucial role in the mitogenic signaling pathway of alpha-thrombin.
PMID: 3029057 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=990063&dopt=AbstractArch Gynakol 1976 Oct 15;221(3):203-10
[The effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol, monoiodine acetate, sodium fluoride and hypoxia on the formation of plasma polyps in the placenta of guinea pigs(author's transl)]
[Article in German]
Thorn W, Kaufmann P, Muldener B, Freese U.
Plasma polyps can be found at the end of a normal pregnancy. Following NaF and MJA-intoxication, there is an extreme increase of plasma polyps. This accelerated formation can be prevented by the injection of Na-pyruvate and often the number of polyps can be reduced below the norm. 2,4-Dinitrophenol intoxication and breathing of hypoxic gas mixture (2,5% O2, 5% CO2, 92,5% N2) do not lead to increased plasma polyp formation. This proves, that it is not hypoxia, not an energy deficit secondary to separation of oxydative phosphorylation and not cardiac insufficiency leading to secondary ischemia which are responsible for the extreme increase in the number of plasma polyps following the injection of MJA and NaF.
PMID: 990063 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Fluoride 1977; 10(1):14-21The relationship of an insect infestation on lodgepole pine to fluorides emitted from a nearby aluminum plant in Montana
Carlson CE, Bousfield WE, McGregor MD
Summary: Stepwise, multiple regression techniques were used to statistically analyze the relationships between damage caused by the pine needle sheath miner, Zellaria haimbachi (Busck); a needle miner, Ocnerostoma strobivorum (Zeller); sugar pine tortrix, Choristoneura lambertiana (Busck); and ambient and foliar concentrations of fluoride in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta v latifolia Engelm.) near the Anaconda Aluminum Company at Columbia Falls, Montana. Foliar fluoride concentration was significantly related (0.01 level) to needle miner and pine needle shead miner damage. The data strongly indicate that fluoride is a contributing factor inpredisposing pines to damage by these insects.
Fluoride 1977; 10(1):22-28Fluoride and bone disease in uremia
TKS Rao
Department of Medicine, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
Summary: Fluoride stimulates osteoblastic activity with formation of poorly mineralized osteoids, inhibits pyrophosphatase activity causing a decrease in bone mineralization; inhibits many bone resorptive pathways; causes parathyroid hyperplasia and excess secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) resulting in bone demineralization. The effect of fluoride on bone is influenced by the availability of calcium and Vitamin D. The action of fluoride in uremia and the use of fluoridated water in hemodialysis are reviewed.
Pediatrics 1976; 58:90-93Acute fluoride poisoning
Yolken R, Konecny P, McCarthy P
As abstracted in Fluoride 1977; 10(1):38-39:
A 2 1/2 year old colored girl was brought to the emergency room with progressive vomiting and lethargy of about six hours' duration. The respiratory rate was only 6 to 8 breaths per minute. The child had a disconjugate gaze with coarse horizontal nystagmus and muscular fasciculation throughout the body. A soft systolic ejection murmur was audible at the left sternal border.The child had been playing with a laundry powder called "Rayline Brand Laundry Sout" (manufactured by BASF, Wyandotte Corporation in Michigan) which contained sodium silicofluoride. Na2S4F6 as its major ingredient. Laboratory data showed a BUN of 31 mg/100 ml, 2 + protein and 40 red blood cells/high power field. The plasma sodium was 138 mEq/liter, potassium 6.7, bicarbonate 13 and chloride 107. Serum calcium was 3.4 mg/100 ml, the lowest ever reported in fluoride poisoning. The EKG showed peaked t-waves which were inverted in the chest leads.
After admission the patient developed acute respiratory failure which required assisted ventilation for 48 hours. Repeated episodes of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation were treated with lidocaine and eight separate courses of direct current cardioversion. The hypocalcemia was treated with three intravenous infusions of 10% calcium chloride (0.3 gms) followed by calcium gluconate and 0.1% calcium hydroxide (lime water) and aluminum hydroxide by nasogastric tube which brought the serum calcum up to 13 mg/100 ml. Aspiration pneumonia required penicillin, kanamycin, and dexamethasone. Peritoneal dialysis was instituted with a calcium concentration of 10 mg/100 ml and continued for 48 hours.
The patient became responsive 18 hours after admission and returned to full consciousness two days later. There were no mucosal burns or ulcerations and the upper gastrointestinal examination was normal.
The serum fluoride levels were extremely high (14 mg/liter) but dropped to 1.8 mg/liter after 11 hours and to 0.1 mg/liter 21 hours after the ingestion of the poison. Urinary fluoride excretion amounted to 24.8 mg over the first three days. The average fluoride clearance was 98 ml/min/1.73 sq m. In view of the fact serum levels above 3 mg/liter had been fatal in other cases, the authors attributed the improvement mainly to the gastric lavage with calcium salts and to the maintanence of a urinary output. Peritoneal dialysis resulted in no significant removal of fluoride. The fluoride level of the effluent was less than the fluoride level of the bottled dialysate, which had evidently been prepared from fluoridated water.
Fluoride 1977; 10(2):47-62Fluoride emissions of coal-fired power plants and their impact upon plant and animal species
Tourangeau PC, Gordon CC, Carlson CE
This work was performed for the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) and supported in part by the Interagency Energy Environment Research and Development Program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Contract # EPA-IAG-D5-681) and the U.S. Forest Service/Surface Environment and Mining (SEAM) (Cooperative Agreeent #01-013).
Summary: The 40 lbs/day fluoride emissions from the Billings [Montana] 180-megawatt coal-fired plant are substantial enough to accumulate at excessive levels to cause an impact upon the foliage of ponderosa pine and to increase the fluoride levels in the femurs of deer mice. The 40 lbs/day fluoride emissions from the Colstrip Units #1 and # 2 will be released from 525 ft (161 meters) stacks and thus not fumigate and damage as seriously the ponderosa pine foliage of that area as at the Billings sites. Our past pre-operational baseline studies in the Colstrip area and the scavenging ability and partitioning of fluorides in the different portions of the needles of pondersoa pine indicate that the grographical extent of the trespass of Units # 1 and # 2 plume will not be difficult to evaluate in the future.
Fluoride 1977; 10(2):73-76Sensitivity of the House Martin, Delichon urbica, to fluoride emissions
JR Newman
Huxley College of Environmental Studies, Western Washington State College, Bellingham, Washington
Summary: The nesting patterns of the House Martins, Delichon urbica were found to be affected by fluoride emissions. In an area of high fluoride concentrations the birds were rare while other species of birds were common. In areas of moderate fluoride pollution the population of House Martins were similar to control areas.
Fluoride 1977; 10(2):76-82Alkaline phosphatase activity, fluoride citric acid, calcium, and phosphorus content in bones of cows with osteofluorosis.
Miller GW (1), Egyed MN (2), Shupe JL (1)
(1) Departments of Biology and Veterinary Science, Utah State University, Logan
(2) Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan, IsraelSummary: Ribs, metacarpal, and metatarsal bones were obtained from cows subjected to excessive fluoride ingestion and examined for fluorine, citric acid, calcium, and phosphorus content, and alkaline phosphatase activity. The fluorine content increased approximately 10- to 20-fold over the controls, the increase being greater in the periosteal zones of the bones than in the endosteal zones. The alkaline phosphatase activity exhibited a 3.58 to 6.92 fold increase in the osteofluorotic bone, and the activity generally closely correlated with the fluorine concentrations of the bone. The citric acid concentration in bones showed a wide range variation; however, no significant changes were observed with the citric acid calculated on a average base between normal and osteofluorotic bones. Bone calcium was somewhat higher and phosphorus level lower in the bones from the cows with osteofluorosis.
Fluoride 1977; 10(2):82-86Long-term effects of fluoride administration. An experimental study.
1. Radiological aspect.Makhni SS, Singh P, Thapar SP
Medical College, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
Summary: In the current study the effect of fluoride on the skeleton of rabbits was investigated. Excessive amounts of fluoride given for prolonged periods produced adverse effects in the nature of osteoporosis.
Fluoride 1977; 10(2):86-88Temporal bone in fluorosis
Thapar SP, Singh R, Singh P
Medical College, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
Summary: Twelve temporal bones of clinically proved cases of fluorosis have been examined. The bone presents features which are within the normal range of anatomical variations. Audiometric studies conducted in 25 male patients at ages 45-60 years, revealed mild sensori-neural deafness at high frequencies.
Intl Arch Occup Environ Health 1977; 40:13-24
- As cited (and abstracted) in Fluoride 1979; 12(1):48-49
Renal fluoride excretion as a useful parameter for monitoring hydrofluoric acid-exposed persons
Zober A, v Mallinckrodt G, Schaller KH
1977 (December)Paper presented at the 27th Annual Conference of the Neurological Society of India, in Poona.
- As cited and abstracted in Fluoride 1981; 14(2):94
Fluorosis: studies on muscle biopsies
Krishnamurthy D, Reddy DR, Reddy MVRR
Twenty-two patients with skeletal fluorosis (19 males and 3 females ranging in age from 25 to 65) were subjected to muscular biopsies. Sixty had variable degrees of restricted spinal movements, four had quadriparesis and two paraparesis.
In sixteen patients electromyograms were made and motor and sensory nerve conduction rates were determined. In ten, CPK levels were obtained. Small angular filures suggestive of denervation were noted and in 11 out of 22 cases, evidence of reinnervation was found (type fiber of predominance grouping). The remaining patients exhibited no changes suggestive of derervation. Dystrophic changes were uniformly absent and the vaues of VPK were within normal limits.
Eur J Toxicol 1976; 9:429-437
- As cited (and abstracted) in Fluoride 1978; 11(2):101-103
Effets de l'intoxication fluoree sabaigue du lapin sur les metabolismes fluore et phosphocalcique et sur la radioraphie du squelette
Elsair J, Poey J, Reggabi M, Hattab F, Benouniche N, Spinner C
Am J Physiol 1977; 233:E165-E169
- As cited (and abstracted) in Fluoride 1978; 11(2):104-105
Magnesium-fluoride interrelationships in man. I. Effect of fluoride on magnesium metabolism
Spencer H, Kramer L, Wiatrowski E, Osis D
Book Review
- As cited and reviewed in Fluoride 1978; 11(2):109-110.
Proceedings of the Symposium on Fluorosis - October 1974
Indian Academy of Geoscience, Hyderabad, India, 1977
Excerpts:
In India approximately 1/2 million people are suffering from fluorosis... The 534 page proceedings of the symposium issued in 1977 is an excellent source of information on the subject. The book is divided into five sections. The first 13 chapters outline all important natural fluoride areas of India, their geological structures, and the distribution of fluoride-bearing minerals. Several papers describe improved methods of fluoride analysis. Section 2 deals with the role of fluoride in agriculture, i.e. fluoride uptake by plants and its effect on the growth of wheat and peas. Of special interest is paper 15 which presents a review of the fluoride content of Indian food showing that, in the natural fluoride Podoli area, rice heads the list with the value of 11.3 ppm, whereas tomatoes and bananas contain least fluoride, namely 0.33 and 0.84 ppm.Section 3 (papers 17-33) gives a detailed account of natural fluoride levels in drinking water in various areas throughout the country. In semi-arid regions, much higher levels were found than in the ground waters of humid areas. In this section, the search for agents to defluoridate water supplies is described and the possible use of magnesium, aluminum, and calcium compounds is discussed... The book is a virtual treasure chest for those interested in the subject...
Deutsch. Gesundh.-Wesen 1976; 31:1271-1274Auftreten von nachbarschaftsfluorose unter der bevolkerung einer sachsischen kleinstadt
SW Schmidt (Heidenau, Germany)
- As abstracted i from Fluoride 1977; 10(2):89:
In the vicinity of an aluminum smelter near the city of Dohna [Saxony, Germany] where trees, food and vegetables and domestic animals were considerably damaged by fluoride, the author examined x-ray films of 20 subjects, 16 men and 4 women. These individuals were residing within a radius of 50 to 450 m of the plant for an average of 28 years. The only one of the group who had been in factory employment was working in a different plant in the same area, which produces hydrogen fluoride. Two persons were residing within 2 km of the second factory. All had been consuming food, vegetables and meat grown near the aluminum smelter. In four persons, x-ray findings were normal, 11 showed minor periosteal depositions and slight thickening of the bone structure and 5 exhibited evidence of typical skeletal fluorosis. The air near the aluminum factory contained 0.5 mg/m3 fluoride; leaves of fruit trees close to the factory contained 440 ppm in dry substance; cabbage 150 ppm and hay, 88 to 91 ppm. Measures to counter the fluoride emissions have somewhat improved the situation.
Fluoride 1977; 10(3):102-125Fluoridation and cancer. Age-dependence of cancer mortality related to artificial fluroidation.
J Yiamouyiannis (1) and Dean Burk (2)
1. National Health Federation, Delaware, Ohio
2. Dean Burk Foundation, Washington DCSummary: Data indicating a more rapid increase in cancer death rate in fluoridated than in nonfluoridated cities were analyzed to determine to what extent the net increase observed in fluoridated cities could be attributed to age, race, or sex. Between 1952 and 1969, no significant fluoridation-linked increase in cancer death rate could be observed in populations 0-24 and 25-44 years of age. In populations 45-64 years of age, a fluoridation-linked increase in cancer death rate of 15/100,000 population was observed (P <.02); in populations 65+ years of age, an increase of 35/100,000 was observed (P <.05). The fluoridation-linked increase in cancer death rate could not be ascribed to changes in the racial or sex compositions of the fluoridated and nonfluroidated populations.
Fluoride 1977; 10(3):137-141Potential fluoride intake of northern Canadian Indians
CS Farkas (Waterloo, Ontario, Canada)
Summary: In Cree Indians of Northwest Quebec, Canada, fluoride in tea, soft drinks and baking powder was found to constitute a major constituent of the diet. Consumption of tea may begin at an early age, as it is fed to infants in bottles.
Excerpt: Baking Powder is used extensively by Northern Canadian Indians to make a scone-like pancake bread called bannock and contributes to the total daily fluoride intake according to the amount of baking powder used and the size of the portion of bannock consumed. It is not unusual to use 2 to 4 teaspoons (8 to 16 gms) of baking powder per bannock and many individuals consume a whole one. The fluoride content in baking powder is limited to 10 ppm by Canada's food and drug regulations (20).
Arch Belges de Med Soc Hyg, Med du Travail et Med Leg 1975; 33:551-556 (Nov-Dec)The fluoride content of some varieties of tea obtained at the Belgian markets and in their infusions
S Srebrnik-Friszman and F van der Mijnsbrugge
- As abstracted in Fluoride 1977; 10(3):148
The authors determined the fluoride content of some 60 different kinds of tea which are available at the Belgian market using the method of Verloo and Cottenie for the analysis. The amounts of fluoride in tea ranged from 50 to 125 mg/kg and the infustions (about 1 gm/ml water) contained from 0.06to 0.15 mg per cup. When two grams were added to 100 ml of water, 0.19 to 0.36 mg per cup was consumed. In the dry leaves of mint, camomile, eglantine, orange blossoms, lemon with spices, verbena, lime tree, fluoride values of the order of 0.5 to 4 mg/kg were found which would provide a minimum of approximately 0.0012 mg per cup of solution.
The authors state that "the quantity of fluoride ingested in a tea drinker is not neglibible". If to this value fluoride is added from other nutrients, especially that from drinking water in some areas, fluoride in tea could eventually induce toxicity, particularly among people with kidney disease.
Fluoride 1977; 10(4):165-173Hydrofluorosis in the fluoridated Milwaukee area
HT Petraberg, MD
Summary: The histories of 20 patients with preskeletal fluorosis due to artifically fluoridated water were analyzed. Fourteen (70%) complained of polydipsia. All presented a wide spectrum of symptoms among which polydipsia (70%), general pruritus (55%), headaches (60%) and gastrointestinal symptoms were the most prominent. None of these subjects had been aware, while ill, that fluoride was being added to their drinking water. All made a full recovery when they discontinued the use of fluoridated water for drinking and cooking their food.
Scand J Dent Res 1976; 84:119-136Studies on fluoride distribution in infants and small children
I Hellstrom
As abstracted in Fluoride 1977; 10(4):187:
The authors determined the fluoride concentrations in bones and blood plasma in biopsy and autopsy specimens from fetuses, infants, and children following exposure to various levels of fluoride. The specimens in newborn autopsy cases consisted of rib, jawbone with teeth, and blood plasma. The fluoride concentrations of bone and dentin were of the same order; the enamel showed somewhat lower levels. High fluoride water increased the fluoride content significantly. The maximal concentration of rib-ash in the bone biopsy material amounted to 400 ppm. The fluoride content of the ribs did not correlate with that of the blood plasma. Of three groups of infants, aged 2 to 6 months, calculated to ingest fluoride in the ratio of 1:10:50 the group ingesting the highest amount of floride had higher plasma fluoride values than the two other groups, whereas the alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher than that of the lowest fluoride group. In physically handicapped children, aged 4 to 15 years residing in an artificially fluoridated community, the severely handicapped excreted more fluoride in the urine than the controls.
Fluoride 1977; 10(4):189-190Book Review by J Franke
Toxicology of organic fluoride compounds and industrial hygiene during their production
Korbakova AI, Makulova ID, Mercenko EM, Nikitenko TK
Akademija medicinskich Nauk SSSR, Moskva: Medicina 1975, 182 S.: 16 Illustrations; 30 Tables; Price, 1 R., 08 K.
Excerpts:
During the past four decades the introduction of fluoride-containing refrigerants (Freon) and plastics has become of increasing significance. Furthermore, fluoroacetates were employed in World War II as war poisons. More recently other fluorocarbons and fluorohydrocarbons are being used as refrigerants, fire extinguishers, propellents, dielectrics, stabilizers, lubricants and heat carriers. All of these agents have contributed materially to the rise in production of fluoride compounds. With the steady expansion of the use of fluorocompounds, an incresing number of cases of intoxication have occurred, often with fatal reslts -- especially due to fluoroacetate.
... The book relates the experiences and results of the Institute for Labor, Hygiene and Industrial Health of the Academy of Science of the USSR in Moscow and of the Leningrad Institute of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Illnesses. In addition some of the basic American investigtions, especially those of the Haskell Laboratory are included as well as the literature available in the USSR and from other countries.
The first chapter deals with meaures of industrial hygiene where fluorocarbons are produced. Other chapters discuss the toxicology of fluoroalkanes (Freons), fluoroalkene (Perfluorisobutylen, one of the most dangerous substances), aromatic and aliphatic fluoride derivatives of the fluoropolymeres and their thermoxidative destruction. Chapter 6 is devoted to the toxicity and metabolism of organic fluoride compounds as related to their chemical structure. The last chapter presents clinical data on poisoning with organic fluorides is subdivided into acute and chronic intoxication, their treatment and prophylaxis.
This book constitues an attempt to compile all current knowledte on toxicity of the various organofluorides and to outline prophylactic measures...
J Environ Qual 1976; 5:472-475Distribution of soil fluorides near an airborne fluoride source
JR McClenahen
The study was supported by the Ormet Corporation of Hannibal, Ohio.
As abstracted in Fluoride 1978; 11(1):38-39:
Fluoride concentrations in soils of the United States are generally in the range of < 100 ug/g to > 1000 ug/g. The author examined the levels of total soil fluoride near the site of an aluminum manufacturing facility in order to determine:
1) the possible influence of an important airborne fluoride source on geographical soil fluoride distribution;
2) seasonal and annual trends in total soil fluoride concentrations as related to the fluoride source; and
3) the distribution of fluoride in the soil profile in relation to the fluoride source.During the two years in which the soil data were collected the aluminum production averaged 218,000 metric tons per year. The area under study is situated on the Ohio river where ridges of the Ohio valley rise 150 to 200 m above the river. Soil samples were derived from pastures or grassland at 14 sites in the environs of the fluoride source. The sites were selected from data on the amounts of fluorides present in pasture grass and hay. In the forage the high and low fluoride sites averaged 46 to 16 ug/g fluoride, respectively, during the 2 years of the study. The kind of soil was described as deep, well-drained silt loam commmon on upper slopes and ridgetops.
At each of the 14 locations, 6 to 8 soil cores at different depths up to 30 cm were extracted with a standard soil sampler in spring and early fall of 1973 and 1974. A sulfuric acid steam distillation fluoride specific ion electrode technique was developed for the total soil fluoride determinations.
At the depth of 0 to 5 cm, the fluoride level ranged from 311 +- 56 to 371 +- 88 ppm; at 5 to 15 cm, from 304 +- 48 to 357 +- 80 ppm; at 15 to 30 cm depth, it ranged from 315 +- 53 to 379 +- 92 ppm. The highest levels were found in spring 1973. The total soil fluoride differed from one location to another and at different sampling depths. Seasonal trends also accounted for considerable differences between the high and low atmospheric fluoride sites. In the less polluted areas, the fluoride concentrations in soil increased with depth. However, this profile was inverted in the high airborne fluoride sites with the most superficial soil showing larger amounts of fluoride than at lower levels. The fluoride content of the soil decreased with increasing distance from the factory. No data were available at distances greater than 10 km.
The authors found no correlation between the average soil surface fluoride levels and the average fluoride levels in pasture. They conclude that the polluting source increased the fluoride content of nearby soils and changed its distribution in the soil. Its fluoride content decreased with increasing depth and as the distance from the source lengthened. At 3 km northeast of the source, the nearest agricultural land in this direction, the gain of fluoride amounted to as much as 180 ug/g in surface soil. This increase is believed to have less impact on forage fluoride than direct absorption of the halogen from the air.
J Maryland State Dent Assoc 1976; 19:106Fluorides - use with caution
LE Church
As abstracted in Fluoride 1978; 11(1):39-40:
A three-year-old male child was given prophylactic fluoride treatment to the teeth by a dental technician with a mixture of a 4% stannous fluoride solution and pumice. This mixture was applied to the teeth with a cotton swab. Shortly thereafter the pumice adhering to the teeth was removed with a cotton swab dipped in the fluoride solution. The child was instructed to rinse his mouth with the 4% stannous fluoride solution. Within five minutes the child vomited, developed a convulsive seizure and shock. He was promptly admitted to the intensive care unit of a pediatric ward where it was determined that he had swallowed a 1/2 cup of fluoride solution. He died approximately three hours after the topical application of the solution.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=324448&dopt=AbstractArkh Patol 1977;39(3):83-91
[Non-skeletal forms of fluorosis]
[Article in Russian]
Zhavoronkov AA.
Concepts of nonskeletal forms of fluorosis are set forth in the light of the author's own investigations and reports in the available literature. Descriptions of pathology of the central nervous system, skeletal musculature, stomach, liver, kidney, cardiovascular system, retina, and the skin are presented. The evidences obtained indicate that disturbances in soft tissues in chronic intoxication with fluorine develop early, usually long before the onset of typical changes in teeth and skeletal bones; these changes characterize the preskeletal phase of fluorosis.
Publication Types:
- Review
PMID: 324448 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=266648&dopt=AbstractN Z Med J 1977 Feb 9;85(581):93-6
Chronic sodium monofluoroacetate (compound 1080) intoxication in a rabbiter.
Parkin PJ, McGiven AR, Bailey RR.
A rabbiter who was repeatedly exposed to sodium monofluoroacetate (compound 1080) developed renal failure and evidence of other organ damage. This is believed to be the first report of chronic sodium monofluoroacetate intoxication occurring in man.
PMID: 266648 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
J Mo Dent Assoc 1977 Feb;57(2):26-28No Abstract available
Effect of aluminum and teflon cooking vessels on fluoride content of boiling water.
Shannon IL.
PMID: 274566 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=918653&dopt=Abstract
Sci Total Environ 1977 Nov;8(3):253-65Some current aspects of environmental fluoride.
Marier JR.
This review presents a Total Environment evaluation of current inorganic fluoride intake by human populations. Inorganic fluoride is a persistant bioaccumulator, and the ever-increasing use (and release) of fluoride compounds in the environment should be of long-term concern in population sub-groups who are most susceptible, and therefore, most "at risk". One of these sub-groups consists of people with impaired kidney function, including subjects with nephorphatic diabetes. The diabetes factor is of particular relevance, not only because the incidence of diabetes has increased by 6%/yr during the period 1965-1975, but also because subjects with nephropathic diabetes can exhibit a polydipsia-polyurea syndrome that results in increased intake of fluoride, along with greater-than-normal retention of a given fluoride dosage. People with inadequate dietary intakes (particularly of Ca and/or Vitamin C) are also likely to be more "at risk" as a consequence of low-dose long-term fluoride ingestion. Evidence is presented, showing that there has been an escalation in dialy fluoride intake via the total human food-and-beverage chain, with the likelihood that this escalation will continue in the future. Recent observations, relating to an increasing incidence of chronic fluoride intoxication among humans, is also emphasized.
PMID: 918653 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=579058&dopt=Abstract
Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 1977 Aug;41(2):97-102Effect of fluoride on glycerol production in rat adipocytes in vitro.
Holland RI.
The effect of 10 mM fluoride on glycerol production in vitro from rat epididymal adipocytes was investigated. Fluoride had no effect on the basal glycerol production, irrespective of the presence or absence of Ca++ and Mg++ ions. When stimulating the glycerol production with 10 mM theophylline, fluoride reduced the stimulation in the absence of either Ca++ or Mg++ or both. In the presence of both ions, fluoride had no effect on the theophylline stimulation. Fluoride also reduced the stimulative effect of adrenaline on glycerol production, but not that of glucagon. Increased adrenaline concentration could not overcome the inhibitory effect of fluoride.
PMID: 579058 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=267428&dopt=AbstractAm J Clin Pathol 1977 Aug;68(2):273-5
Nonspecific esterase activity in pernicious anemia and chronic erythremic myelosis: a cytochemical and electrophoretic study.
Kass L, Peters CL.
Cytochemically, nonspecific esterase activity was detected in megaloblasts from three patients with severe untreated pernicious anemia, in megaloblastoid erythroblasts from five patients with chronic erythremic myelosis (DiGuglielmo syndrome), and in normoblasts from a patient with severe untreated iron-deficiency anemia. Nonspecific esterase activity in all of these erythroblasts was inhibited by sodium fluoride. Enzymatic activity could not be detected in normoblasts from normal marrows. Electrophoretically, three bands of nonspecific esterase activity could be visualized in marrow sonicates from the anemic patients and normal persons. All of these bands were inhibited by sodium fluoride. The results demonstrate that electrophoretically and in terms of fluoride inhibition, nonspecific esterases obtained primarily from erythroid precursors in various types of anemias are similar to nonspecific esterases found in normal marrows presumably containing a more heterogeneous population of cells.
PMID: 267428 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=866123&dopt=AbstractNord Vet Med 1977 Apr-May;29(4-5):172-80
High fluorine water to wether sheep maintained in pens. Aluminum chloride as a possible alleviator of fluorosis.
Said AN, Slagsvold P, Bergh H, Laksesvela B.
The experiment reported here, gave the following answers to the questions asked (see introduction):
a. Water with 30 ppm F gave deleterious effects on wethers. A considerable difference was observed as compared to animals given about 1 ppm F in their water, see Table IV.
b. The toxicity was slightly less from bore hole water containing 30 ppm F, as compared to Nairobi tap water with added fluorine to 30 ppm F. The difference in toxicity may be due to the very high content of minerals in the bore hole water, see Table I.
c. More fluorine was excreted in faeces when aluminum chloride was added to the diet, as compared to animals which did not receive aluminum chloride. Aluminum chloride had no alleviating effect on fluorosis, but apparently decreased gut absorption of fluorine and also reduced fluorine retention in the bones, se Table VII.
Under the conditions of this experiment, toxic levels of fluorine were considerable lower than the quoted safe levels in the literature.
PMID: 866123 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=905314&dopt=AbstractProc Nutr Soc 1977 Sep;36(2):82A
No Abstract available
Fluorine retention in growing sheep: a comparison between two phosphorus supplements as sources of fluorine.
Hemingway RG.
PMID: 905314 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=869760&dopt=Abstract
No Abstract availableArch Otolaryngol 1977 Jun;103(6):313
Sodium fluoride and cochlear otospongiosis.
Donaldson JA.
Publication Types:
- Editorial
PMID: 869760 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
NOTE: AG Gilman, co-author of this report, shared the 1994 Nobel Prize for the discovery of "G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells."Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1977 May;74(5):2016-20
Adenylate cyclase permanently uncoupled from hormone receptors in a novel variant of S49 mouse lymphoma cells.
Haga T, Ross EM, Anderson HJ, Gilman AG.
A novel variant of the S49 mouse lymphoma has been selected from wild-type cells by growth in medium containing the beta-adrenergic agonist terbutaline and inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. In contrast to the situation in the wild-type clone, synthesis of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) is not stimulated by beta-adrenergic agonists or by prostaglandin E1 either in intact variant cells or in membrane preparations of such clones. However, basal and NaF-stimulated activities of adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizine), EC 4.6.1.1] are normal, enzyme activity is stimulated by guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate [Gpp(NH)p], and intact cells accumulate cyclic AMP when exposed to cholera toxin. Furthermore, variant cell membranes possess ligand-binding activity consistent with the conclusion that a normal or an excessive number of beta-adrenergic receptors is present. Thus, interaction between the hormone-binding and the catalytic moieties of the adenylate cyclase system is lost. This variant phenotype, designated as uncoupled (UNC), has been stable for more than 100 generations without exposure to the drugs used for selection. Such cells should be useful for the elucidation of methanisms of transmission of information from hormone receptors to adenylate cyclase.
PMID: 17119 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=850467&dopt=AbstractNo Abstract available
Life Sci 1977 Apr 1;20(7):1131-8
Defluorination of fluoroacetate in the rat.
Smith FA, Gardner DE, Yuile CL.
PMID: 850467 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=862599&dopt=AbstractNo Abstract available
Environ Res 1977 Apr;13(2):285-302
Kinetic model of fluoride metabolism in the rabbit.
Hall LL, Kilpper RW, Smith FA, Morken DA, Hodge HC.
PMID: 862599 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=868708&dopt=AbstractAdv Otorhinolaryngol 1977;22:43-56
Cochlear otospongiosis etiology, diagnosis and therapeutic implications.
Causse J, Shambaugh GE, Chevance LG, Bretlau P.
First, the authors discuss the most valuable way to correlate specific morphological changes encountered in cochlear otospongiosis with sensorineural hearing loss. They think that biochemical factors may be responsible for this association of cochlear otospongiosis and histopathologic changes, and they explain their enzymatic concept resulting from experimental findings and cyto-clinical relationship. Second, the authors analyze clinical, audiometric and X-Rays investigations enabling the diagnosis of cochlear otospongiosis, in its pure pereceptive form as well as in the perceptive component added to the conductive loss in far-advanced mixed audiometric types in surgical otospongiosis. They present two typical cases of cochlear otospongiosis: one combines clinical history, audiometric test and post mortem investigations;-the other shows the passage from a pure cochlear otospongiosis to a secondary stapedial fixation, ten years later, thus confirming by audiometric data and by stapedectomy the otospongiotic etiology of this previous pure sensorineural loss. Finally, they insist upon the great interest of establishing an early diagnosis in cochlear otospongiosis on account of its therapeutic implication, particularly from the enzymatic point of view.
PMID: 868708 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=868707&dopt=Abstract
No Abstract availableAdv Otorhinolaryngol 1977;22:35-42
Further experiences with moderate dosage sodium fluoride for sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus and vertigo due to otospongiosis.
Shambaugh GE Jr.
PMID: 868707 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=267571&dopt=AbstractDtsch Zahnarztl Z 1977 Jun;32(6):477-81
[Natural fluorides. The distinction between technically produced and naturally occurring fluorides in caries prophylaxis]
[Article in German]
Newesely H.
In the controversial discussion of the bio-availability of fluoride in caries prophylaxis by fluoridation, fluorides coming from the geochemical circulation to the biochemical circulation are sometimes differentiated from synthetic fluorides introduced into fluoride medication. The question as to whether such a differentiation is essential can be answered from the physical-chemical point of view. This requires a wide field of scientific research starting with geochemistry and the knowledge of fluoride deposits, sedimentology, hydrology, technology of inorganic and organic fluorine compounds, thermodynamics of dissolved fluorides, up to biocrystallography and biochemistry of fluorine.
PMID: 267571 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Fluoride 1976; 9(1):5-8Symposium on the non-skeletal phase of chronic fluorosis: Introduction
GL Waldbott
Fluoride 1976; 9(1):9-18Symposium on the non-skeletal phase of chronic fluorosis: the muscle
RD Kaul and AK Sushella
Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
Summary: The histoenzymic and ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscle of rabbits given sodium fluoride and in human skeletal muscle obtained from patients afflicted with fluorosis demostrate that, in fluorosis, the skeletal muscle is directly inolved. The investigations carried out to explore the interaction of fluoride ions with the structure and function of muscle fibers have shown that there are widespread degenerative changes leading to generalized atrophy of the fibers.
Fluoride 1976; 9(1):19-24Symposium on the non-skeletal phase of chronic fluorosis: the joints
Teotia SPS, Teotia M, and Teotia NPS
Department of Human Metabolism, L.L.R.M., Medical College, Meerut India
Summary: Of 300 patients with endemic skeletal fluorosis 187 (110 children and 77 adults) showed evidence of arthritis. The spine, especially its cervical portion, appeared to be mainly involved; elbow, hip and knee joints followed next in order.
Fluoride 1976; 9(1):24-28Symposium on the non-skeletal phase of chronic fluorosis: the arteries
GL Waldbott
Summary: A review of own data and those of other authors indicates that in skeletal fluorosis arterial calcifications are a common feature, that arteries store more fluoride than any other soft tissue organ and that the levels of fluoride in arteries are unrelated to those of calcium.
Fluoride 1976; 9(1):29-32Symposium on the non-skeletal phase of chronic fluorosis: the thyroid
JR McLaren
Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
Summary: In spite of a century-old suspicion that fluorides may be goiterogenic and of worldwide reports of a high incidence of goiter in endemic fluorosis areas, the exact inter-relations of fluoride and the thyroid remain a puzzle. Although there is agreement of a fluoride effect at many levels of thyroid function by various investigators, frequently their observations are in opposite directions.
Fluoride 1976; 9(1):33-35Symposium on the non-skeletal phase of chronic fluorosis: the kidneys
Singla VP, Garg GL, Jolly SS
Department of Medicine, Medical College, Patiala, India
Summary: The kidney function of 25 radiologically proven cases of endemic fluorosis was studied at the Medical College of Patiala. Evidence of statistically significant decrease in creatine clearance and fluoride clearance is presented. Some structural abnormalities in kidneys have been described. No significant tubular abnormalities could be demonstrated by water loading and water deprivation tests.
Fluoride 1976; 9(1):36-41Allergy to fluoride
PE Zanfagna
Summary: Clinical data presented here indicate that fluoride can induce urticaria, dermatitis, allergic stomatitis and gastro-intestinal manifestations. The differential diagnosis between allergy and intolerance to fluoride is outlined.
Fluoride 1976; 9(1):42-46Effect of fluoride on enzymes from serum, liver, kidney, skeletal and heart muscles of mice
Bogin E, Abrams M, Avidar Y, Israeli B
Department of Biochemistry, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Bet Dagan, Israel
Summary: White mice maintained on water containing 100 pm NaF showed changes in the enzyme level in serum, liver, kidney, heart and skeletal muscles. Enzymes studies were alkaline phospatase (ALP), acid phospatase (AcP), glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPY), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), isocitric dehydrogenase (ICDH), and cholinesterase (CE).
AcP was markedly decreased in liver and slightly in serum. ALP was markedly decreased in skeletal muscle, slightly decreased in heart muscle and liver but increased in kidney and serum. No significant changes were observed in GOT and LDH. GPT was sligltly decreased in the liver, and ICDH was decreased in liver, kidney, heart and skeletal muscles.
Fluoride 1976; 9(1):47-53Effects of elevated levels of fluoride on deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus)
JR Newman and D Markey
Huxley College of Environmental Studies, Bellingham, Washington
Summary: This study investigated the effects of elevated levels of fluoride (NaF) on the diet of deer mice, a widesread small mammal known to accumulate fluoride. Deer mice were found to be more tolerant to fluoride in the diet than laboratory mice and rats. At concentrations above 1300 ppm fluoride, deer mice exhibited marked weight loss, mortality, changes in femur size and dental disfigurement.
Fluoride 1976; 9(1):54-63Potentiometric method. For the determination of fluoride in vegetation.
M Johnson
Department of Botany, University of Liverpool, England
Fluoride 1976; 9(1):63-70Electron probe microanalysis of fluorine in polluted needle sections of Abies Alba.
JP Garrec and AM Lhoste
Department de Recherche Fondamentale, Laboratoire de Biologie Vegetale, Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Grenoble, France
Fluoride 1976; 9(2):73-91Populational variation of fluoride parameters in wild ungulates from the western United States
Kay E, Tourangeau PC, Gordon CC
Environmental Studies Laboratory, University of Montana, Missoula
This study was funded by EPA Contract 68-02-0229; U.S. Department of Interior, National Park Service PX 1430-5-A413; Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation 836-8; Montana Department of Health and Environmental Sciences P-703.
Summary: Assays of mandibular fluoride were utilized to evaluate sex, age, time, geographic, and species specific fluoride accumulation in control Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep, mule deer, elk, pronghorn antelope, Dall sheep, whitetail deer, and Rocky Mountain goats. Samples were collected from wild ungulates in the western United States and fluoride concentrations in the various species were compared and presented graphically. Fluoride was found to increase with age class, but geographically separated populations of the same species accumulated different values of fluoride concentrations as a function of age, as did samples from the same population collected at different times. Population density variables and habitat type preference may be responsible for these phenomena. In addition, the mandible, rib, femur, metatarsus, metacarpus, and tibia-fibia of normal mule and whitetail deer were analyzed for fluoride and intraskeletal variations established. Fluoride was generally highest in the mandible, and decreased in other bones.
Fluoride 1976; 9(2):91-98Skeletal fluorosis: roentgenological and histopathological study
Teotia SPS, Teotia M, Teotia NPS
Department of Human Metabolism, L.L.R.M., Medical College, Meerut, India
Fluoride 1976; 9(2):105-116Possible effects of fluorides on the thyroid
JR McLaren
Fluoride 1976; 9(3):127-138Scanning electron microscopic studies in human industrial fluorosis
J Franke * and V Horn **
* Orthopaedic Clinic Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
** J.R. Purkyne University, CzechoslovakiaSummary: Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies were carried out on the periosteal and fractured surfaces of rib, tibia, and skull cap in three persons at different stages of industrial fluorosis. In the incipient stage of fluorosis, slight edema and impregnations with globular and crystalline material at the periosteal collagenous fibres were found. These impregnations and the edema become more extensive as the disease advances. In severe fluorosis a completely irregular orientation of abnormal thin fibres of the muscular and tendinous attachments to the bone are obviously the first to be mineralized. We observed atypical changes of the whole bone collagen in the actual collagenous fibres, the matrix, the mineralization of the bone and the ossification process itself. The SEM studies are compared with the normal histological picture of fluorosis and the findings are discussed.
Fluoride 1976; 9(3):138-147Fluoride balance studies in endemic fluorosis
SS Jolly
Department of Medicine, Medical College, Patiala, India
Summary: Fluoride balance studies were undertaken in 20 cases of endemic fluorosis. Ten cases were studied on low fluoride intake in the hospitals (Group A) and ten in their villages (Group B). In non-fluorotic controls, total daily fluoride ingestion was 3.7 mg fluoride; in fluorotic subjects, 3.44 mg in Group A, 9.88 mg + 3.94 mg in Group B. The major source of fluoride ingestion was drinking water and tea whereas other foods provided only insignificant amounts. Group A subjects showed a negative balance while in the hospital; in Group B the fluoride balance varied but was mostly positive. The urine was the main route of fluoride excretion.
Fluoride 1976; 9(3):148-152Transcuticular movement of fluoride: its relation with leaching of fluoride from leaves
Garec JP, Chamel A, Lhoste AM
Department de Recherche Fondamentale, Laboratoire de Biologie Vegetale, Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Grenoble, France
Fluoride 1976; 9(3):153-163Natural colonization and the reinstatement of mineral waste containing heavy metals and fluoride
MS Johnson
Department of Botany, University of Liverpool, England
Summary: Waste products discharged during processing of mineral ores containing fluorspar are deposited in tailings dams where they are unstable and subect to erosion by wind and water. Vegetative stabilization is restricted by the toxic metal content and low inherent fertility of the wastes which also contain high levels of fluoride. Plants colonizing tailings and metalliferous spoil containing fluorspar accumulate lead, zinc and fluoride. Fluoride levels in vegetation vary according to the species and physical/chemical characteristics of the substrate. Foliar symptoms of fluoride phytotoxicity are not apparent despite high leaf concentrations. Reinstatement of disused tailings dams is for amenity or recreational purposes because the agricultural value of the vegetation is restricted by the heavy metals and fluoride.
Fluoride 1976; 9(4):173-184Effects of fluoride on blood platelets (an overview)
EH Murer
Specialized Center for Thrombosis Research, Temple University Health Sciences Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
The author is supported by grant No. HL 14217 from the Heart and Lung Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Fluoride 1976; 9(4):185-200Endemic Genu Valgum. A new dimension to the fluorosis problem in India
KAVR Krishnamachari and B Sivakumar
National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Med. Research, Hyderabad, India
Summary: In a detailed clinical study of over 80 subjects, all of whom had evidence of skeletal fluorosis, a clinical syndrome characterized by genu valgum and osteoporosis of long bones was revealed among residents of an endemic fluorosis area in South India. The syndrome occurred mostly among young male adults and adolescents belonging to the poor socio-economic groups. This disease is not only crippling but also has socio-economic implications.
Epidemiological studies carried out in over 300 villages revealed that this manifestation of fluoride toxicity has emerged as a new dimension to the problem of fluorosis in this country. Large reservoirs in these areas may have been etiologically related to this syndrome.
The close similarity between "Endemic Genu Valgum of South India" and "Kenhardt bone disease of Africa" suggests that environmental alterations are involved in the development of this syndrome. A tentative hypothesis to explain the pathogenesis of this syndrome will be presented and discussed.
Fluoride 1976; 9(4):201-203Fluoride in Spanish bottled waters
O Mazarrasa and JA Lazuen
Centro de Higiene y Seguridad del Trabajo, Santander, Spain
Summary: Samples of twelve bottled waters which are widely distributed in Spain were analyzed for their fluoride content. Twenty four hour urine specimens of individuals who had taken controlled doses of these waters upon analysis for fluoride revealed that four of them greatly exceeded the internationally recommended "permissible limits."
Fluoride 1976; 9(4):204-212The uptake of sodium monofluoroacetate by plants and its physiological effects
JA Cooke
Biology Section, Sunderland Polytechnic, UK
Summary: The uptake and physiological effects of sodium fluoroacetate and sodium fluoride on a number of plant species are compared. Both ionized fluoride and fluoroacetate were taken up by Helianthus annuus although the patterns of distribution differed. Fluoride accumulated mainly in the root but a small percentage was translocated to the shoot causing premature senescence of the leaves. Fluoroacetate, however, was translocated to the shoot with little accumulation in the root. On a ugF/ml basis, the fluoroacetate solutions were more toxic reducing dry weight and producing leaf necrosis. However, fluoroacetate did not have the rapid effect on the water balance of the plants shown by fluoride. The significance of the metabolism of fluoroacetate is discussed in relation to these physiological studies.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=789072&dopt=AbstractEnviron Health Perspect 1976 Apr;14:93-102
Chemistry and toxicology of quinoxaline, organotin, organofluorine, and formamidine acaricides.
Knowles CO.
Quinoxaline, organotin, organofluorine, and formamidine compounds are among the newer pesticide chemicals used for acarine control. Included in these four classes are some of the most selective synthetic organic toxicants currently in the acaricide/insecticide arsenal. Oxythioquinox, Plictran (tricyclohexylhydroxytin), Nissol [2-fluoro-N-methyl-N-(1-naphthyl)acetamide], and chlordimeform are examples of quinoxaline, organotin, organofluorine, and formamidine acaricides, respectively. The chemistry and toxicology of these and related compounds are discussed.
Publication Types:
- Review
PMID: 789072 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12802&dopt=AbstractBiochim Biophys Acta 1976 Nov 18;451(1):223-37
Effect of sodium fluoride on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the rat uterus.
Smith ER, Barker KL.
Intrauterine administration of 50 mumol of NaF to the ovariectomized mature rat causes a 2--3-fold increase in the total uterine glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity within 24 h. The response is characterized by a 4--6 h lag with a maximum effect from 24 to 36 h after a single treatment. Uterine glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity continues to increase with daily administration of NaF through 4 days. The NaF-induced response is blocked by prior intrauterine administration of cycloheximide but not actinomycin D suggesting that the enzyme activity increases by a post-transcriptional effect of NaF on de novo enzyme synthesis. Direct measurement of the effect of NaF on the rate of incorporation of [14C] leucine into immunoprecipitable uterine glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase indicates that NaF causes a 9-fold increase in the rate of enzyme synthesis during the interval from 12 to 16 h after treatment. The half-life of the enzyme as measured by the rate of loss of [1-14C] glutamate from previously labeled utreine glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is decreased from 27 to 10 h by NaF. The NaF response does not seem to be mediated by activation of uterine adenylyl cyclase since theophylline does not potentiate the response and since intrauterine application of cyclic AMP does not mimic the response. The increase in enzyme activity is preceded by an increase in the rate of utilization of the hexose monophosphate shunt pathway as determined by the ratio of the the rates of oxidation of [1-14C]glucose to [6-14C] glucose to CO2 by uterine slices in vitro. The action of NaF on this pathway most likely resutls from inhibition of the glycolytic enzyme, enolase, and increased pathway utilization may be the factor which controls enzyme synthesis. When given in combination with other known inducers of uterine glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase such as estradiol and NADP+, NaF acts synergistically.
PMID: 12802 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1035019&dopt=AbstractActa Biochim Pol 1976;23(4):285-91
Effect of sodium fluoride on glycolysis in human erythrocytes and Ehrlich ascites tumour cells in vitro.
Guminska M, Sterkowicz J.
In human erythrocytes and Ehrlich ascites tumour cells, NaF inhibites aerobic glucose utilization and lactate formation. The inhibition of glycolysis was accompanied by a decrease in cellular pyruvate and ATP, and by accumulation of 2-hosphoenolpyruvate. These results and direct enzymatic determinations showed that fluoride inhibits, in addition to enolase (phosphopyruvate hydratase, EC 4.2.1.11), also pyruvate kinase.
PMID: 1035019 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1087230&dopt=AbstractEndocrinol Exp 1976;10(4):289-95
Effect of long-term fluoride administration on thyroid hormones level blood in rats.
Bobek S, Kahl S, Ewy Z.
The effect of 2 months fluoride administration (0.1 and 1.0 mg daily/rat) on thyroxine and triiodothyronine level in blood and T3-resin uptake ratio was investigated in rats. In addition, free thyroxine index was calculated from serum thyroxine level and T3-resin uptake ratio. It was found that fluoride administration caused:
1. decrease in thyroxine and triiodothyronine level in plasma;
2. decrease in free thyroxine index values;
3. Increase in T3-resin uptake ratio.
From these observations as well as from previous experiments it was concluded that fluoride given continuously to the rats may influence the thyroid gland rather indirectly by changing thyroid hormone transportation in the blood.
PMID: 1087230 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=766591&dopt=AbstractAdv Intern Med 1976;21:391-415
Senile and postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Avioli LV.
Obviously, the relentless decrease in bone mass that accompanies aging will continue the long sought "elixir of youth" is discovered. Individuals, because of race, sex, environmental, dietary, genetic or activity differences, will be more or less predisposed to symptomatic osteoporosis with increasing age. The careful and knowledgeable physician should, however, make every attempt to rule out potentially remediable, subtle forms of demineralizing disorders, such as apathetic or T3-thyrotoxicosis, hyperparathyroidism, malabsorption and osteomalacia or multiple myeloma. Not only do these diseases result in an accelerated loss of bone mass and an increased incidence of skeletal fractures but they mimic postmenopausal or senile osteoporosis radiologically. Once the metabolic or malignant disorders of bone metabolism have been effectively considered and ruled out, the senescent or postmenopausal osteoporotic patient should be treated judiciously with short-term estrogen therapy, a diet sufficient in vitamin D and calcium content and continued attempts to insure adequate skeletal mobilization. The addition of sodium fluoride and/or calcitonin to this regimen should not be attempted without extreme caution until the potentially harmful systemic effects of prolonged therapeutic trials have been appropriately assessed.
Publication Types: ReviewPMID: 766591 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=968908&dopt=AbstractNo Absract available
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1976 Jul;37(1):75-83
Plasma fluoride concentrations in rats acutely poisoned with sodium fluoride.
de Lopez OH, Smith FA, Hodge HC.
PMID: 968908 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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