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Adverse Effects
Abstracts

ACTIVITY: Herbicide (dinitroaniline)

CAS Name: 2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine

Structure:

Reports available from The National Technical Information Service (NTIS)   Order from NTIS by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S. customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900; and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.
Order No.	Date/Title	Keywords / Abstract
NTIS/03490070 71 pages	2003 - Evaluation of Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos Concentrations and Loads, and Other Pesticide Concentrations, at Selected Sites in the San Joaquin Valley, California, April to August, 2001. Authors: Domagalski JL, Munday C Geological Survey, Sacramento, CA. Water Resources Div. California Dept. of Pesticide Regulation, Riverside.	Water-resources investigations. This document is color dependent and/or in landscape layout. It is currently available on CD-ROM and paper only. CD-ROM contains 71 page document. Prepared in cooperation with California Dept. of Pesticide Regulation, Riverside. Twelve sites in the San Joaquin Valley of California were monitored weekly during the growing and irrigation season of 2001 for a total of 51 pesticides and pesticide degradation products, with primary interest on the concentration, load, and basin yield of organophosphorus insecticides, especially diazinon and chlorpyrifos. Diazinon was detected frequently, up to 100 percent of the time, at many of the sampling sites, but with generally low concentrations. Other pesticides that were frequently detected during this study included herbicides such as metolachlor, simazine, and trifluralin, and insecticides such as carbaryl, carbofuran, and propargite. At Orestimba Creek, DDE, a degradation product of DDT, was detected at a frequency of 95 percent.
NTIS/OTS0509656 EPA/OTS; Doc #40-8376146	2000 (?) - TELEPHONE COMMUNICATION: FROM MONTEDISON USA INC TO USEPA	Keywords: U S EPA ANILINES ENVIRONMENTAL FATE PRODUCTION AND PROCESS CAS Registry Numbers: 1582-09-8
NTIS/PB96-188735 244p   This report is available online	1996 - Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED): Trifluralin. (Includes RED Facts: Trifluralin Fact Sheet). Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances. Eligibility Decision.	This document presents the Agency's decision regarding the reregistration eligibility of the registered uses of trifluralin. Section I is the introduction. Section II describes trifluralin, its uses, data requirements and regulatory history. Section III discusses the human health and enviroinmental assessment based on the data available to the Agency. Section IV presents the reregistration decision for trifluralin. Section V discusses the reregistration requirements for trifluralin. Finally, Section VI is the Appendices which support this Reregistration
NTIS/PB96-106950 40p	1995 - Chemical Protective Gloves for Seven Commercial Herbicides. Authors: Berardinelli SP, Sanderson WT, Hall RC National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV. Div. of Safety Research.	The breakthrough times of seven commonly used herbicides through various commercially available protective gloves were determined. Glove samples were challenged with the concentrated herbicide formulations using ASTM Test Method F-739. Based solely on chemical resistance data, the specialty laminate (Silver Shield, 4H) afforded workers the most protection, the longest breakthrough time, against all seven herbicides tested. Nitrile and butyl gloves, based on chemical permeation and chemical degradation, were protective against AATrex-4L (1912249), Dual-8E (51218452), Lasso Micro-Tech (15972608), Sencor-DF (21087649), and Gramoxone-Extra (4685147). However, they were not protective against Judge (15972608) or Treflan-MTF (1582-09-8). Nitrile and butyl glove materials were wrinkled and distorted after 1 hour exposures to Treflan MTF or Judge. The authors note that wrinkled or distorted gloves should be taken as an indicator of a chemical incompatibility between the herbicide and the glove material.
NTIS/01280182 19p	1994 - Atmospheric transfer of agrochemicals: Final report. Authors: Pattey E Center for Land & Biological Resources Research (Canada), Ottawa (Ontario).	CLBRR contribution no. 94-107. On cover: Great Lakes Water Quality Initiatives. The relaxed eddy-accumulation (REA) technique is a relatively new method to measure trace gas fluxes. This report describes a study whose objectives were: To develop methods based on the REA technique to quantify the emission & surface deposition rates of agrochemicals and other toxic substances; to measure the atmosphere/surface exchange of agrochemicals in the Great Lakes region using two tower-based REA systems having different trapping devices; and to measure the atmosphere/surface exchange of agrochemicals in the Great Lakes region using an aircraft-based REA system. Findings are presented from studies of vapor fluxes of triallate, trifluralin, metolachlor, and metribuzin at field sites; and from estimates of atmosphere/surface exchange of atrazine and metolachlor. The suitability of the instrumentation developed is discussed along with the implications of the findings for the Great Lakes ecosystem.
NTIS/PB95-138434 68p	1994 - Use of Landfarming to Remediate Soil Contaminated by Pesticide Waste. Authors: Felsot AS. Mitchell JK, Dzantor EK Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign. Washington State Univ., Richland. Food and Environmental Quality Lab. Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Supporting Agency: Illinois Dept. of Energy and Natural Resources, Champaign. Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center.	This project tested the effectiveness and environmental safety of landfarming by using 30 m2 plots outfitted for collection of runoff and leachate. Degradation and phytotoxicity of herbicides following landfarming of waste-contaminated soil (=landfarmed plots) was compared to degradation and phytotoxicity of the same compounds following spraying (=sprayed plots). The landfarmed soil and contained alachlor, trifluralin, atrazine, and metolachlor. Three rates of application, were made based on a nominal 1X, 5X, and 10X rate of alachlor application, which was the most prevalent herbicide contaminant. Herbicide residues in landfarmed plots degraded at a similar rate to residues in sprayed plots within the first 100 days after application, but degradation slowed appreciably thereafter. Final rept. Jul 90-Jun 93. See also PB95-138426. Prepared in cooperation with Washington State Univ., Richland. Food and Environmental Quality Lab., Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Agricultural Engineeri [abstract truncated]
NTIS/MIC-93-01683 98p	1992 - Canadian water quality guidelines for trifluralin. Authors: Kent RA Ecosystem Sciences and Evaluation Directorate. Eco-health Branch, Ottawa (Ontario).	Trifluralin is an orange crystalline solid compound with a molecular formula of C13H16F3N3O4 and trade names Treflan, Friflurex, Co-op Garden Weed Preventer, Heritage Selective Granular Herbicide, Rival and Fortress. It is used to control a wide range of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in bean, canola, and vegetable crops. This document summarizes the information on its uses, fate, and effects on raw water for drinking water supply, freshwater aquatic life, agricultural uses, recreational water quality and aesthetics and industrial water supplies. From this information, water quality guidelines for protection of specific water uses are recommended. Scientific series no. 190. Bilingual 93-01682/2.
NTIS/01290276	1992 - Trifluralin. Federal-Provincial Subcommittee on Drinking Water (Canada), Ottawa (Ontario).	Guidelines for Canadian drinking water quality - supporting document. Text in English and French (Bilingual). French ed. (La Trifluraline) on the same fiche. Trifluralin (or treflan) is a dinitroaniline-based herbicide widely used for pre-emergence control of weeds in crops. This report describes the physical/chemical characteristics of trifluralin, its use & sources in the environment, environmental concentrations detected in water & food, analytical methods & water treatment technology, and health effects. It then presents a guideline for the maximum acceptable concentration of trifluralin in drinking water, along with the rationale for the guideline.
NTIS/OTS0544613 EPA/OTS; Doc #88-920005956	1992 - INITIAL SUBMISSION: ACUTE RAT INHALATION STUDY WITH FLURIDONE AND TRIFLURALIN WITH COVER LETTER DATED 08-03-92	ELI LILLY & CO FLURIDONE AND TRIFLURALIN HEALTH EFFECTS ACUTE TOXICITY MAMMALS RATS INHALATION
NTIS/OTS0543386 EPA/OTS; Doc #88-920005923	1992 - INITIAL SUBMISSION: LETTER FROM ELI LILLY & CO TO USEPA SUBMITTING RESULTS ON AN ACUTE INHALATION STUDY WITH FLURIDONE AND TRIFLURALIN IN RATS WITH ATTACHMENTS	Keywords: ELI LILLY & CO FLURIDONE HEALTH EFFECTS ACUTE TOXICITY MAMMALS RATS INHALATION CAS Registry Numbers: 1582-09-8 59756-60-4
NTIS/PB92-156611 71p	1991 - Observed and Simulated Distribution of Selected Herbicides in Silty Loam, Sandy Loam, and Clay Soil Profiles Near Topeka, Kansas, 1986-88. Authors: Perry CA Geological Survey, Lawrence, KS. Water Resources Div.	The report describes the distribution of selected herbicides in the unsaturated zone and the use of data collected from 1986-88 to evaluate simulations of leaching by PRZM and LEACH. The scope of the report includes determination of the traveltime of five herbicides (atrazine, alachlor, metolachlor, trifluralin, and 2,4-D) through the unsaturated zones of three soil types (silty loam, sandy loam, and clay) under varying rainfall amounts and irrigation practices. The main objectives of the study were to: (1) document observed movement of herbicides through the unsaturated zone of three soil types and (2) compare the observed movement to simulated movement using the Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM) and the 'Leaching Evaluation of Agricultural Chemicals Handbook' (LEACH). Water resources investigation. Sponsored by Kansas Dept. of Health and
NTIS/DE92002913 12p	1991 - Contaminated soil stabilization demonstration. Authors: Kemp CJ, Sackschewsky MR, Sampson AE, Phillips SJ Westinghouse Hanford Co., Richland, WA. Supporting Agency: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.	Long-term herbicide control along with a shotcrete cover was constructed at the Hanford Site in May 1991. The cover system allows for maintenance-free containment of contaminants by preventing wind and water transport of contaminants from the soil surface, preventing plant uptake of contaminants, and minimizing water infiltration through the soil column. The cover is composed of two parts: a commercial nonwoven geotextile material impregnated with trifluralin, and a >5-centimeter top cover of shotcrete containing polyethylene fibers. The herbicide-impregnated geotextile functions to prevent plant root growth into contaminated soil if any holes or cracks develop in the shotcrete layer. The herbicide component, trifluralin, is mixed into polymer nodules that degrade slowly over many years, thus releasing trifluralin slowly over time. The shotcrete topcover was sprayed using a sludge pump and air compressor to form a hard, impenetrable surface that prevents wind erosion and reduces water infiltr [abstract truncated]
NTIS/PB93-118305 21p	1991 - Baseline Characteristics of the Organic Constituents of the Big Sioux Aquifer, Eastern South Dakota. Authors: Rice JA South Dakota State Univ., Brookings. Water Resources Research Inst. South Dakota State Univ., Brookings. Dept. of Chemistry. Supporting Agency: Geological Survey, Reston, VA. Water Resources Div.	A geochemical baseline study has been completed which describes the regional variation of the pH, DOC, Ca, Mg, Na, and K concentrations, and the concentrations of the herbicides atrazine, 2,4-dichlorophyenoxy acetic acid and treflan. Under baseline sampling conditions there were very few detections of any of these three herbicides in any of the samples and all of the samples which contained one or more of these compounds had concentrations that were below the 50 ng (parts-per-trillion) level. The other six parameters show variation throughout the study area but the apparent heterogeneity of the groundwater's dissolved constituents prevented the assignment of statistical significance to any of the observed trends. Final rept. 1 May 89-30 Apr 91. Prepared in cooperation with South Dakota State Univ., Brookings. Dept. of Chemistry. Sponsored by Geological Survey, Reston, VA. Water Resources Div.
NTIS/PB91-201459 154p	1990 - Pesticide Monitoring: Illinois EPA's Summary of Results, 1985-1989. Authors: Moyer L, Cross J Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Springfield. Div. of Water Pollution Control.	In October 1985, the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) expanded pesticide monitoring in surface waters to include herbicides and organophosphate insecticides commonly used in agricultural practices. Pesticides selected include seven herbicides (alachlor, atrazine, butylate, cyanazine, metolachlor, metribuzin, trifluralin), seven organophosphate insecticides (chloropyrifos, diazinon, fonofos, malathion, methyl parathion, phorate, terbufos) and one fungicide (captan). Monitoring efforts included the establishment of the Pesticide Monitoring Subnetwork within IEPA's existing Ambient Water Quality Monitoring Network (AWQMN) as well as intensive monitoring related to storm event runoff. The pesticide subnetwork consists of 30 stations within the 208 station AWQMN, and are located in predominately agricultural watersheds in Illinois. Intensive monitoring related to storm event runoff was conducted at two stations; Macoupin Creek in Macoupin County and Spring Creek in Sangamon County. The [absract truncated]
NTIS/PB88-858212 61p	1988 - Herbicide Residues: Methods for the Detection and Monitoring. January 1970-February 1988 (Citations from Pollution Abstracts). National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.	This bibliography contains citations concerning techniques and processes for the detection of herbicide residues. Specific detection and monitoring methods for individual herbicides such as trifluralin, D 2-4 herbicide, and the trazines are discussed. Performance evaluations are included. (This updated bibliography contains 162 citations, 11 of which are new entries to the previous edition.) Rept. for Jan 70-Feb 88. Supersedes PB87-851846. Prepared in cooperation with Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Washington, DC.
NTIS/PB89-237218 18p	1988 - Biological and Abiotic Degradation of Xenobiotic Compounds in Vitro Estaurine Water and Sedimentater Systems. Authors: Walker WW, Cripe CR, Pritchard PH, Bourquin AW Battelle Columbus Labs., OH. Gulf Coast Research Lab., Ocean Springs, MS. Georgia State Univ., Atlanta. Supporting Agency: Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.	First-order biotic degradation rate constants of 14 pesticides were determined in estuarine water and sediment/water slurry systems. Test systems used environmentally realistic concentrations of pesticides in sterile and nonsterile samples of water and sediment taken directly from the field. Thiobencarb, sulprofos, chlorothalonil, diclofop-methyl, fenthion, oxyfluorfen, methoxychlor, phorate, and trifluralin all showed significantly (p < = 0.01) more degradation in the presence of nonsterile sediment than in the presence of sterile sediment. Most of these nine pesticides biodegraded significantly faster in flasks containing sediment than in those with water alone. Endosulfan and PCNB, however, biodegraded faster in the absence of sediment. EPN and chlorpyrifos were degraded primarily by abiotic processes. Methomyl did not significantly degrade under any test conditions. Oxyfluorfen and chlorpyrifos were also slow to degrade, with half-lives of generally over two weeks in nonsterile sediment. Keywords: Pesticides Biodeterioration Estuaries Streams Xenobiotics
NTIS/PB89-178578 30p	1988 - Light-Sensitized Decontamination of Groundwater Hazardous Chemicals. Authors: Larson RA, Schlauch MB, Ellis DD, Marley KA, Ju HL Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Environmental Research Labs.	The use of sunlight, oxygen, and dissolved organic compounds active as 'photosensitizers' (substances capable of absorbing sunlight and transforming it into chemically useful forms) is a promising treatment for contaminated waters. Light is absorbed by the sensitizing substance, raising it to a higher energy excited state. Reaction with the excited state substance converts molecular oxygen to a form much more reactive with dissolved compounds. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), a naturally occurring compound and a known photosensitizer, was investigated for use in this process. A series of kinetic experiments explored its ability to photodegrade several aromatic compounds, phenols and anilines, that are related to some herbicides (such as carbaryl, 2, 4-D, alachlor, atrazine, and trifluralin) commonly found in polluted waters. It was found that riboflavin when added to solutions of phenols or anilines greatly accelerated the rate of their loss in the presence of light. The sensitized photolysis rates incr [abstract truncated]
NTIS/PB88-245931 861p	1988 - Health Advisories for 50 Pesticides ... Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.	The documents summarize the health effects of 50 pesticides including: acifluorfen, ametryn, ammonium sulfamate, atrazine, baygon, bentazon, bromacil, butylate, carbaryl, carboxin, chloramben, chlorothalonil, cyanazine, dalapon, dacthal, diazinon, dicamba, 1,3-dichloropropene, dieldrin, dimethrin, dinoseb, diphenamid, disulfoton, diuron, endothall, ethylene thiourea, fenamiphos, fluometuron, fonofos, glyphosate, hexazinone, maleic hydrazide, MCPA, methomyl, methyl parathion, metalachlor, metribuzin, paraquat, picloram, prometon, pronamid, propachlor, propazine, propham, simazine, 2,4,5-T, tebuthiuron, terbacil, terbufos, and trifluralin. Topics discussed include: General Information and Properties, Pharmokinetics, Health Effects in Humans and Animals, Quantification of Toxicological Effects, Other Criteria and Standards, Analytical Methods, and Treatment Technologies. Supersedes PB88-113543.
NTIS/PB89-197081 66p	1988 - Feasibility of Land Application of Soils Contaminated with Pesticide Waste as a Remediation Practice. Authors: Felsot A, Liebl R, Bicki T Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Agronomy. Supporting Agency: Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign Illinois State Water Survey Div., Savoy. Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center.	The feasibility of cleaning up soil contaminated with pesticide waste by removing it from the contaminated site and applying it to cropland was examined at the Galesville Chemical Company (GCC) in Piatt Co., Illinois. Soil contaminated with the herbicides alachlor, atrazine, metolachlor, and trifluralin was excavated and applied to an adjacent field divided into corn and soybean plots. Soil was applied in amounts equivalent to an application rate of 3, 7.5, or 15 lbs alachlor per acre. Dissipation of residues, phytotoxicity to crops and weeds, bioaccumulation in grain, and quality of shallow groundwater were monitored after application of the contaminated soil. These data were compared to data obtained when herbicides were freshly sprayed at similar concentrations. Sponsored by Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, and Illinois State Water Survey Div., Savoy. Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center.
NTIS/PB88-136916 43p	1987 - Pesticides in Water Supplies Using Surface Water Sources, Authors: Wnuk M, Kelley R, Breuer G, Johnson L Iowa Dept. of Natural Resources, Des Moines. Iowa Univ., Iowa City. State Hygienic Lab. Supporting Agency: Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.	Between May and early July in 1986, samples of treated (finished) water were collected after rainfall from 33 public water supplies using surface water sources. These samples were analyzed for 37 pesticide compounds. Fourteen water supplies also collected samples from their surface water source prior to treatment to determine the effectiveness of treatment with regard to pesticide removal. Detectable concentrations of one or more of ten pesticides were found in the treated water from 30 of the 33 water supplies tested. Individual pesticides and the number of supplies in which they were detected were: atrazine, 30; cyanazine (Bladex), 26; metolachlor (Dual), 21; alachlor (Lasso), 17; carbofuran (Furadan), 9; metribuzin (Sencor), 4; 2,4-D, 2; and, trifluralin (Treflan), butylate (Sutan) and dicamba (Banvel), 1 each. Study results indicate that current conventional water treatment technology is ineffective at substantial reduction of pesticide concentrations or elimination of pesticides from drinki [abstract truncated]
NTIS/PB87-201935 274p	1987 - Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide Products Containing Trifluralin as the Active Ingredient. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesticide Programs.	The document contains information regarding the registration of pesticide products containing the subject active ingredient. The document includes how to register under a registration standard, regulatory position and rationale, and summaries of data requirements and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in the standard.
NTIS/PB88-113543 820p	1987 - Health Advisories for 50 Pesticides Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.	These documents summarize the health effects of 50 pesticides including: acifluorfen, ametryn, ammonium sulfamate, atrazine, baygon, bentazon, bromacil, butylate, carbaryl, carboxin, chloramben, chlorothalonil, cyanazine, dalapon, dacthal, diazinon, dicamba, 1,3-dichloropropene, dieldrin, dimethrin, dinoseb, diphenamid, disulfoton, diuron, endothall, ethylene thiourea, fenamiphos, fluometuron, fonofos, glyphosate, hexazinone, maleic hydrazide, MCPA, methomyl, methyl parathion, metolachlor, metribuzin, paraquat, picloram, prometon, pronamid, propachlor, propazine, propham, simazine, 2,4,5-T, tebuthiuron, terbacil, terbufos, and trifluralin. Topics discussed include: General Information and Properties, Pharmacokinetics, Health Effects in Humans and Animals, Quantification of Toxicological Effects, Other Criteria Guidance and Standards, Analytical Methods, and Treatment Technologies. Draft rept. See also PB86-118338.
NTIS/PB88-204136 32p	1987 - Drinking-Water Quality: Guidelines for Selected Herbicides. World Health Organization, Copenhagen (Denmark). Regional Office for Europe.	The Guidelines cover eleven of the most commonly used herbicides in Italy: Alachlor, Atrazine, Bentazon, MCPA, Metolachlor, Molinate, Pendimethalin, Propanil, Pyridate, Simazine and Trifluralin. Guideline values for contamination by these herbicides are given, although these should be considered as recommendations not standards. The Guidelines were established during two Consultations and should be considered as a guide for risk management decisions and for setting standards for developing alternative control procedures with regard to drinking-water quality. Environmental health series
NTIS/PB87-851846 59p	1986 - Herbicide Residues: Methods for the Detection and Monitoring. 1970-November 1986 (Citations from Pollution Abstracts). National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.	This bibliography contains citations concerning techniques and processes for the detection of herbicide residues. Specific detection and monitoring methods for individual herbicides such as trifluralin, D 2-4 herbicide, and the trazines are discussed. Performance evaluations are included. (This updated bibliography contains 156 citations, 48 of which are new entries to the previous edition.) Rept. for 1970-Nov 86. Supersedes PB83-863225. Prepared in cooperation with Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Washington, DC.
NTIS/PB86-176781 9p	1985 - Excised Barley Root Uptake of Several 14C Labeled Organic Compounds. Authors: McFarlane C, Wickliff C Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.	Many organic pollutants potentially are available for uptake by plants and thus bioaccumulation and food contamination. One method of studying uptake is with excised roots, a technique extensively used with plant nutrients. A similar method was developed and used to evaluate uptake patterns of several 14C-labeled organic chemicals. Uptake rate constants for the chemicals tested occurred in the following order: captan approximately equals phenol > aniline > ethanol approximately equals indole approximately equals trifluralin approximately equals propanil > 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene(TCB) > nitrobenzene approximately equals atrazine > bromacil > simazine > monuron. Journal article, Pub. in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 5, p385-391 Dec 85.
NTIS/NTN85-0009 PB84-246370	1985 - Development of a Fateoxicity Screening Test. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.	This citation summarizes a one-page announcement of technology available for utilization. A shake-flask screening test was designed to rapidly evaluate the relative degradation rates of a wide spectrum of chemicals, each compared to methyl parathion. Test chemicals evaluated were bolero, bravo, dibutylphthalate, dimilin, dursban, endosulfan, hoelon, pentachlorobenzene, phorate, and trifluralin. Diverse regimes of salinity, pH, TOC, and microbial biomass were encountered across space and time. The experimental design for the screening test embodies four treatments: active sediment, sterile sediment, active water, and sterile water. Decay curves were produced and rate constants and half-life values determined. ...FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Detailed information about the technology described may be obtained by ordering the NTIS report, order number: PB84-246370, price: $8.50. For information not in the report, contact Mr. C. Richard Cripe, Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Prot [abstract truncated]
NTIS/PB84-246370 39p	1984 - Development of a Fateoxicity Screening Test, Authors: Walker WW Gulf Coast Research Lab., Ocean Springs, MS.	A shake-flask screening test was designed to rapidly evaluate the relative degradation rates of a wide spectrum of chemicals, each compared to methyl parathion. Test chemicals evaluated were bolero, bravo, dibutylphthalate, dimilin, dursban, endosulfan, hoelon, pentachlorobenzene, phorate, and trifluralin. Diverse regimes of salinity, pH, TOC, and microbial biomass were encountered across space and time. The experimental design for the screening test embodies four treatments: active sediment, sterile sediment, active water and sterile water. Decay curves were produced and rate constants and half-life values determined. Half-life values for the 10 chemicals evaluated varied substantially with time and geographic sampling site. In active systems, 8 of the 10 chemicals degraded more rapidly than methyl parathion. Nine dibutylphthalate screens were run involving six geographic sites. Disappearance was quite rapid in active treatments in all screens. Disappearance curves describing DBP abatement eith
NTIS/PB88-162375 67p	1984 - Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Trifluralin. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office.	The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for trifluralin was prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Both published literature and information obtained from Agency program office files were evaluated as they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented provided sufficient data are available. Trifluralin has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human carcinogen potency factor (ql*) for trifluralin is .029 per (mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
NTIS/PB84-175306 10p	1984 - Histopathology and Enlargement of the Pituitary of a Teleost Exposed to the Herbicide Trifluralin. Authors: Couch JA Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.	Pituitary glands of sheepshead minnows, Cyprinodon variegatus, exposed for 19 months to 1-5 micrograms/l trifluralin were significantly enlarged and possessed histopathologic characteristics (when compared to glands of controls) such as pseudocysts, congestion of blood vessels and edema. Most of the fish with enlarged pituitaries also had diffuse vertebral hyperostosis and other dysplastic vertebral changes. Several speculative mechanistic paths are suggested for the mode of the effect of trifluralin on the vertebral and pituitary tissues. Study of the form and function of pituitary glands of teleosts from natural populations might provide indications of chronic physiological stress, particularly in relation to chemical pollutant stress. Journal article, Pub. in the Jnl. of Fish Diseases, v7 p157-163, 1984.
NTIS/PB84-226513 15p	1984 - Usefulness of 'Cyprinodon variegatus' and 'Fundulus grandis' in Carcinogenicity Testing: Advantages and Special Problems. Authors: Courtney LA, Couch JA Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.	Cyprinodon variegatus and Fundulus grandis, two species of Cyprinodontid fishes extensively studied and used in toxicological and biological investigations, are reviewed and compared as laboratory test animals. Their ecology and general biology, and suitability for various types of experimentation are examined. A laboratory system for exposing critical life stages (e.g., embryos, fry, juveniles) of these species to suspect carcinogens is described. A discussion of the use, findings and potential of these species in oncological studies and carcinogen assays is presented, particularly in regard to responses to three known or suspect carcinogen chemicals (e.g., trifluraline, benzidine, and aflatoxin). Finally, advantages and disadvantages or special problems in using the species as carcinogen test animals are reviewed. Journal article, Pub. in National Cancer Institute Monograph, n65 p83-96 1984.
NTIS/PB84-111772 115p	1983 - Herbicides in Runoff from Agricultural Watersheds in a High-Winter-Rainfall Zone, Authors: Hickman JS, Harward ME, Montgomery ML Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Water Resources Research Inst. Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Coll. of Agricultural Sciences. Supporting Agency: Office of Water Research and Technology, Washington, DC.	Relatively few studies have been made on the behavior of pesticides in relation to runoff from agricultural watersheds in the high-winter-rainfall zone of the northwestern United States. This study was designed to quantify runoff losses of two herbicides, diclofop-methyl (methyl 2-(4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy)propanoate) and trifluralin (alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine), from small agricultural watersheds in the Willamette Valley, Oregon and identify factors and processes influencing herbicide transport in this region. Various diclofop-methyl soil interactions were also studied under conditions typically following a winter application of diclofop-methyl in western Oregon. Final technical rept., Prepared in cooperation with Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Coll. of Agricultural Sciences.
NTIS/PB83-863225 107p	1983 - Herbicide Residues: Methods for the Detection and Monitoring. 1970-April, 1983 (Citations from Pollution Abstracts). National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.	This bibliography contains citations concerning techniques and processes for the detection of herbicide residues. Specific methods for individual herbicides such as trifluralin, D 2-4 herbicide, and the trazines are discussed. Performance evaluations are included. (This updated bibliography contains 108 citations, 27 of which are new entries to the previous edition.) Rept. for 1970-Apr 83. Supersedes PB81-869372.Prepared in cooperation with Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Washington, DC.
NTIS/PB82-263252 97p	1982 - Trifluralin (TREFLAN (Trade Name)), alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.	Contents: Elanco's chronic feeding study; Revised exposure estimate; Revised cancer risk estimate; Ecological effects; Comments relating to risk; Comments relating to benefits; Comments relating to testing requirements/regulatory options. Position document 4. Keywords: Pesticides Toxicology Trifluralin
NTIS/PB82-237942 91p	1982 - Pesticide Rebuttable Presumption against Registration, Treflan (Trade Name) Position Document 4 Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Special Pesticide Review Div.	This document details the final determination regarding the Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration (RPAR) of products containing the above chemical. The responses by EPA to comments on the preliminary determination by the Scientific Advisory Panel and the United States Department of Agriculture are contained in the document. A bibliography of citations used in this final determination is also provided.
NTIS/PB82-156035 21p	1982 - The Determination of Dinitroaniline Pesticides in Industrial and Municipal Wastewater: Method 627 Authors: Pressley TA, Longbottom JE Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincinnati, OH.	This is a gas chromatographic (GC) method applicable to the determination of selected pesticides in municipal and industrial discharges as provided under 40CFR 136.1. A sample is solvent extracted with methylene chloride using a separatory funnel. The extract is exchanged to hexane during concentration. GC conditions are described which permit measurement with an electron capture detector. The compounds included in the method scope are: benfluralin; ethalfluralin; isopropalin; profluralin; and trifluralin. Final rept.
NTIS/PB82-221391 33p	1982 - Pesticide Use on Soybeans in the Southeast, 1980 Authors: Hanthorn M, Osteen C, McDowell R, Roberson L Economic Research Service, Washington, DC. Natural Resource Economics Div.	Farmers reported that 18.1 million pounds active ingredient (a.i.) of pesticides were applied to soybeans in the Southeast during 1980. This consisted of 11.3 million pounds (a.i.) of herbicides, 5.1 million pounds (a.i.) of insecticides, 1.4 million pounds (a.i.) of nematicides, and 234,000 pounds (a.i.) of fungicides. Pesticide acre-treatments totaled 16.4 million and consisted of 9.7 million with herbicides, 5.8 million with insecticides, 555,000 with nematicides, and 384,000 with fungicides. The primary herbicides were alachlor, bentazon, metribuzin, and trifluralin. The major insecticides were carbaryl and methomyl.
NTIS/PB82-220112 37p	1982 - Pesticide Used on Soybeans in the North Central States (1980) Authors: Hanthorn M, Osteen C, McDowell R, Roberson L Economic Research Service, Washington, DC. Natural Resource Economics Div.	Farmers reported that 77.8 million pounds (a.i.) of pesticides were applied to soybeans in the North Central States during 1980. This consisted of 77.1 million pounds (a.i.) of herbicides and 700,000 pounds (a.i.) of insecticides. Pesticide acre-treatments totaled 58.1 million and consisted of 44.8 million with single material herbicides, 12.6 million with herbicide mixes, and 700,000 with insecticides. The primary herbicides were alachlor, bentazon, metribuzin, and trifluralin. The major insecticide was carbaryl.
NTIS/DE83000305 69p	1982 - Long-Term Biobarriers to Plant and Animal Intrusions of Uranium Tailings. Authors: Cline JF, Burton FG, Cataldo DA, Skiens WE Gano KA Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA. Supporting Agency: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.	The objective of this project was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of physical and chemical barriers designed to prevent plant and animal breachment of uranium mill tailings containment systems for an extended period of time. A polymeric carrier/biocide delivery system was developed and tested in the laboratory, greenhouse and field. A continuous flow technique was established to determine the release rates of the biocides from the PCD systems; polymeric carrier specifications were established. Studies were conducted to determine effective biocide concentrations required to produce a phytotoxic response and the relative rates of phytotoxin degradation resulting from chemical and biological breakdown in soils. The final PCD system developed was a pelletized system containing 24% trifluralin, 18% carbon black and 58% polymer. Pellets were placed in the soil at the Grand Junction U-tailings site at one in. and two in. intervals. Data obtained in the field determined that the pellets releas [abstract truncated]
NTIS/PB80-177751 11p	1981 - Vertebral Dysplasia in Young Fish Exposed to the Herbicide Trifluralin Authors: Couch J, Winstead JT, Hansen DJ, Goodman LR Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL	Sheepshead minnows, Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepede, exposed to 5-5 to 31 micrograms/l of the herbicide trifluralin, throughout their first 28 days of life, developed a heretofore, undescribed vertebral dysplasia. This dysplasia consisted of semisymmetrical hypertrophy of vertebrae (three to 20 times normal), characterized by foci of osteoblast and fibroblasts actively laying down bone and bone precursors. Effects of the abnormal vertebral development were dorsal vertebral growth into the neural canal, ventral compression of renal ducts, and longitudinal fusion of vertebrae. Fish, exposed for 51 days to 16-6 micrograms/l trifluralin and thereafter depurated for 41 days, showed no increase in vertebral dysplasia during depuration; however, residual spinal column damage was evident. Serum calcium concentrations were elevated in adult fish exposed for 4 days to 16-6 micrograms/l trifluralin. Fluorosis or mimicry of hypervitaminosis A are considered possible mechanisms for the osseous effect, but are [abstract truncated]
NTIS/PNL-SA-8872 18p	1981 - Application of Controlled Release Technology to Uranium Mill Tailings Stabilization Authors: Burton FG, Cataldo DA, Cline JF, Skiens WE Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA. Supporting Agency: Department of Energy, Washington, DC.	A trifluralin (herbicide) releasing device was developed with a theoretical effective lifetime in excess of 100 years. When placed in a layer in soil, the PCD system will prevent root penetration through that layer without harming the overlying vegetation. Equilibrium concentrations of trifluralin in soil can be adjusted (along with the theoretical life of the device) to suit specific needs. The present system was designed specifically to protect the asphalt layer or clay/aggregate barriers on uranium mill tailings piles; PCD devices composed of pellets could also be implanted over burial sites for radioactive and/or toxic materials, preventing translocation of those materials to plant shoots, and thence into the biosphere. (ERA citation 06:013491) ANS waste management conference, Tucson, AZ, USA, 23 Feb 1981.
NTIS/PB82-127523 7p	1981 - Fate of Selected Herbicides in a Terrestrial Laboratory Microcosm Authors: Gile JD, Collins JC, Gillett JW National Heart, Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.	The transport and metabolism of 14C-labeled herbicides (simazine, bromacil, trifluralin, and 2,4,5-T) applied as a foliar spray (0.28 kg/ha) was examined in a terrestrial microcosm chamber (TMC). These chemicals were compared to a reference compound, the insecticide dieldrin. The TMC contained a synthetic soil medium, Douglas fir and red alder seedlings, rye grass, numerous invertebrates, and a gravid gray-tailed vole (Microtus canicaudus). By 20 days posttreatment, total soil residues (parent and metabolites and bound residues) averaged 0.14 ppm for all chemicals. Except for dieldrin little extractable parent material was detected for any of the chemicals in the soil. Concentrations of 14C material in the rye grass shoots ranged from an average of 2.5 ppm for 2,4,5-T to 16.8 ppm for simazine. 2,4,5-T and trifluralin were more rapidly degraded than the other chemicals with 2,4,5-T present primarily as extractable metabolites. 14C materials of dieldrin was accumulated to a much greater extent tha [abstract truncated]
NTIS/AD-A098 281/9 39p	1981 - Pesticide Use in the Lake Erie Basin and the Impact of Accelerated Conservation Tillage on Pesticide Use and Runoff Losses Authors: Logan TJ Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Agronomy.	A major shift from conventional tillage to conservation tillage will be required to reduce soil loss and diffuse sources of phosphorus in the Lake Erie drainage basin. This shift will require some changes in the kinds and amounts of pesticides used and may change the losses of these compounds in runoff. Alachlor, atrazine and butylate account for about 77% of the herbicide used in Indiana, Michigan and Ohio, and carbofuran, fonofos and terbufos represent about 86% of the insecticide use. Most of the pesticides in use in the basin today are relatively nonpersistent and have low mammalian and fish toxicities. A major shift to conservation tillage will increase use of paraquat and glyphosate herbicides and reduce the use of soil-incorporated materials such as butylate and trifluralin. About 1% of applied pesticide is lost in runoff, much of it in the first event after the compound is applied. Pesticide losses are reduced with increased surface cover, but this effect decreases with pesticides that a [abstract truncated]
NTIS/PB81-869372 83p	1981 - Methods for the Detection and Monitoring of Herbicide Residues. January, 1970-June, 1981 (Citations from Pollution Abstracts) National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.	This retrospective bibliography contains citations concerning methodology for the detection of herbicide residues. Specific methods for individual herbicides are discussed. These include methodology for the detection of trifluralin,2,4-D, the trazines and fluidone. Many others are also considered. (Contains 81 citations fully indexed and including a title list.) Rept. for Jan 70-Jun 81.
NTIS/DE82006167 17p	1981 - Use of Controlled Release Herbicides in Waste Burial Sites Authors: Burton FG, Cataldo DA, Cline JF, Skiens WE Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA. Supporting Agency: Department of Energy, Washington, DC	Controlled-release formulations of herbicides have been applied to the soil in the manner traditional for herbicides: on the surface or mixed into the top few inches of soil. The controlled-release formulation allows another option that we propose to use: to place herbicides, contained in controlled-release formulations, in a layer at least a foot below the surface of the soil, in order to prevent root penetration below that level. Ideally, the herbicide will prevent root tip cell division but will not translocate within the plant, thus assuring that the plant will survive, preserving the ground cover. Trifluralin is one of the herbicides which does not translocate and was chosen for use in this study. A number of applications for this technology are possible; particularly in waste management. In the present studies, we used two different forms of polymeric carrier/delivery (PCD) systems to investigate the controlled release of herbicides. In the initial study, a sheet was made of homogeneous mi Keywords: Mill tailings Herbicides Radioactive waste disposal .
NTIS/PB83-133058 327p	1981 - Aromatic Amines: An Assessment of the Biological and Environmental Effects. National Research Council, Washington, DC. Supporting Agency: Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.	Aromatic amines and compounds related through metabolism are used widely in industry. As a result of such applications, they are also dispersed into the environment, thereby creating a potential for human exposure. Four aromatic are known to lead to urinary tract cancer in exposed humans, and some are also responsible for the induction of methemoglobinemia. Some other structurally similar amines are carcinogenic to one or more tissues in laboratory animals. This report summarizes the key information concerning the occurrence, analysis, and toxicology of the aromatic amines and then considers six specific amines in detail. The following substances were studied: Aniline, 4,4'Methylene-Bis (2Chloraniline), 2,4-Diaminotoluene, trifluralin, p-Cresidine, and furazolidone. The following topics are covered: occurrence in the environment, general analysis, metabolism, carcinogenc potency and risk estimation, and epidemiology. Final rept.
NTIS/PB81-111056 124p	1980 - Adsorption, Movement, and Biological Degradation of Large Concentrations of Selected Pesticides in Soils Authors: Davidson JM, Rao PSC, Ou LT, Wheeler WB, Rothwell DF Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Soil Science. Supporting Agency: Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.	Because of the importance of soil in biologically reducing the quantity and retarding the rate of pollutant movement into groundwater, this laboratory study was initiated to evaluate the adsorption, mobility, and degradation of large concentrations of the pesticide atrazine, methyl parathion, terbacil, trifluralin, and 2, 4-D in soils representing four major soil orders in the United States. Solution concentrations ranged from zero to the aqueous solubility limit for each pesticide. The mobility of each pesticide increased as its concentration in the soil solution phase increased. These results were in agreement with the adsorption isotherm data. Pesticide degradation rates and soil microbial populations generally declined as the pesticide concentration in soil increased; however, some soils were able to degrade a pesticide at all concentrations studied, while others remained essentially sterile throughout the incubation period (60 to 80 days). As shown by measurements of 14CO2 evolution, total [abstract truncated]
NTIS/PB80-151533 39p	1980 - Freshwater Micro-Ecosystem Development and Testing of Substitute Chemicals Authors: Isensee AR, Yockim RS Science and Education Administration, Beltsville, MD. Pesticide Degradation Lab. Supporting Agency: Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.	The objective of the study was to develop better techniques for studying pesticides in aquatic model ecosystems. To achieve this objective, a model ecosystem was designed and built that utilizes the continuous dosing, flow-through system routinely used for chronic fish toxicity testing in combination with the organisms used in static model ecosystem testing. A previously developed recirculating static model ecosystem (simulating a sediment or erosional pesticide source) was simultaneously used with the flowing water system (simulating an effluent pesticide source) to test the behavior of three pesticides (pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB), simazine, and trifluralin). Conditions in the static system favored pesticide degradation while the flowing system insured continuous pesticide exposure to the organisms.
NTIS PB Rep. PB-151,533: 39p	1980 - Freshwater micro-ecosystem development and testing of substitiute chemicals. Authors: Isensee AR , Yockim RS Pestic. Degrad. Lab., SEA, Beltsville, MD	The objective of the study was to develop better techniques for studying pesticides in aquatic model ecosystems. To achieve this objective, a model ecosystem was designed and built that utilizes the continuous dosing, flow-through system routinely used for chronic fish toxicity testing in combination with the organisms used in static model ecosystem testing. A previously developed recirculating static model ecosystem (simulating a sediment or erosional pesticide source) was simultaneously used with the flowing water system (simulating an effluent pesticide source) to test the behavior of 3 pesticides [pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB; quintozene), simazine, and trifluralin]. Conditions in the static system favored pesticide degradation while the flowing system insured continuous pesticide exposure to the organisms. (Author abstract by permission)
US NTIS PB Rep. PB80-811,532: p. 15	1980 - Freshwater micro-ecosystem development and testing of substitute chemicals. Authors: Isensee AR , Yockim RS SEA, USDA, Beltsville, MD	The objective of the study was to develop better techniques for studying pesticides in aquatic model ecosystems. To achieve this objective, a model ecosystem was designed and built that utilizes the continuous dosing, flow-through system, routinely used for chronic fish toxicity testing, in combination with the organisms used in static model ecosystem testing. A previously developed recirculating static model ecosystem (simulating a sediment or erosional pesticide source) was simultaneously used with the flowing water system (simulating an effluent pesticide source) to test the behavior of 3 pesticides [pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB; quintozene), simazine, and trifluralin]. Conditions in the static system favored pesticide degradation while the flowing system insured continuous pesticide exposure of the organisms. (Author abstract by permission) CAS Registry Numbers: 82-68-8 82-68-8 122-34-9 1582-09-8
NTIS/PB80-213937 83p	1979 - Trifluralin (Treflan): Position 1/2/3 Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Special Pesticide Review Div.	The report is a preliminary risk assessment for trifluralin. It gives a preliminary examination of its use, environmental residues, and health effects including toxicology data. Limited information is provided for exposure and extent of risk. Results of a literature search are provided.
NTIS/PB80-130883 15p	1979 - Toxicity of the Herbicides 2,4-D, DEF, Propanil and Trifluralin to the Dungeness Crab, 'Cancer magister' Authors: Caldwell RS, Buchanan DV, Armstrong DA, Mallon MH, Millemann RE Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Agricultural Experiment Station. Supporting Agency: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Rockville, MD. Office of Sea Grant.	Lethal and sublethal responses to the herbicides 2,4-D, DEF, propanil, and trifluralin of various life history stages of the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, were examined to estimate maximum acceptable toxicant concentrations (MATC) of each compound for this species. Zoeae were found, in long term tests, to be the most sensitive stage. Based on the experiments with this stage, MATCs were concluded to be greater than 0.95, less than 6.9 micro g for DEF, = 26, less than 220 micro g/L for trifluralin, = 80, less than 1,700 microgram/L for propanil, and less than 1,000 micro g/L for the free acid form of 2.4-D.
NTIS PB Rep. PB-293,167 298 pp	1979 - Design and evaluation of a terrestrial model ecosystem for evaluation of substitute pesticide chemicals. Authors: Metcalf RL , Cole LK , Wood SG , Mandel DJ , Milbrath ML Inst. Environ. Studies, Univ. Illinois, Urbana, IL 61807	This grant was established to design a terrestrial model ecosystem that was simple, inexpensive, and suitable for examining the total environmental fate of radiolabeled pesticides in a soil crop model e.g. soil-corn or soil-soybean. This was accomplished with the practical development of a system in which corn or soybeans are grown on 3 kg of typical Illinois soil types contained in a 19 l wide-mouth glass carboy fitted with airtight lid and impingers to sample pesticide content in aspirated air, and a bottom petcock to sample leachate water. The units are housed in an environmental growth chamber under 12 hr simulated daylight, at 26êC. Emphasis was placed on tracing the fate of the pesticide chemical and its degradation products in soil, air, water, phytoplankton and in the major food chain organisms of the model ecosystems, e.g. Zea mays, Glycine max, Lumbricus terrestris, Limax maximus, Armadillidium vulgare, Estigmene acrea, and, Microtus ochregaster in the soil-plant phase; and Daphnia magna, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, Physa spp., and Gambusia affinis in the leachate water. The 14C-labeled pesticides examined included DDT, methoxychlor, aldrin, dieldrin, fonofos, phorate, parathion, methyl parathion, simazine, trifluralin, 2,4,5-T iso-octyl ester, hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorophenol (PCP), pentachloronitrobenzene (quintozene), and captan. Detailed summaries of their fate and degradation, based on more than 20,000 analyses, are presented. (Author abstract by permission)
NTIS PB Rep. PB-285,134: 386	1978 - Transport of agricultural chemicals from small upland Peidmont watersheds. Authors: Smith CN, Leonard RA, Langdale GW, Bailey GW Environ. Res. Lab., US EPA, Athens, GA	Data were collected from four small watersheds (1.3 to 2.7 ha) located in the Southern Piedmont region. Total losses of applied herbicides were affected by the occurrence of runoff in close proximity to application data, mode of application, and persistence in the soil runoff zone. Most of the total annual losses by runoff were in the first three runoff events for all compounds except paraquat. Runoff of trifluralin was very low (0.1 to 0.3% of the annual application). Total runoff losses of other herbicides were commonly less than 1.0% except when runoff occurred shortly after application. Sediment yield from terraced watersheds was significantly less than from watersheds managed without terraces. Except for paraquat, however, pesticide yields in runoff were not reduced in proportion to sediment reduction because solution transport was the major mode of loss for the soluble herbicide phase. Annual runoff losses of soluble plant nutrients were 5.0 and 1.3 kg/ha for chloride and nitrate, respectively. Losses of soluble phosphorus from both watersheds were very low, about 380 g/ha. (Author abstract by permission) CAS Registry Numbers: 1582-09-8 1582-09-8 4685-14-7
NTIS/PB81-232530 9p	1978 - Concentration and Toxicity of Trifluralin in CD-1 Mice, Presented Intragastrically of Intraperitoneally Authors: Beck SL Wheaton Coll., Norton, MA. Dept. of Biology.	This report presents the results of experiments involving administration of the herbicide Trifluralin, dissolved in corn oil, delivered at different concentrations for each dose, either by intragastric intubation or intraperitoneal injection. The investigations produced several surprising results. These included the fact that, in per ora administration there were clear cut differences in toxicity such that for each dose which did cause death, there was inverse relationship between toxicity and concentration. This relationship was not seen in the intraperitoneal treatment groups. Further, there was no apparent difference in LD-50 in the two routes, and the time to death was greater in the intraperitoneally treated animals. Journal article
NTIS PS Rep. PS-790,109 pg. 24	1979 - Chronic toxicity of chlordane, trifluralin, and pentachlorophenol to sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus). Authors: Parrish PR , Dyar EE , Enos JM , Wilson WG Mar. Res. Lab., EG & G, Bionomics, Pensacola, FL	Sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) were exposed to 3 chemicals - chlordane, trifluralin, or pentachlorophenol (PCP) - in flowing, natural seawater to determine acute and chronic (full life-cycle) effects. Mortality of parental fish exposed to mean measured chlordane concentrations was significantly greater than that of control fish. Hatch of juveniles from embryos of exposed parental fish was significantly less than hatch of control juveniles. The estimated maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) was 0.5- 0.8 mug/l and the application factor (AF) limits, 0.04 - 0.06. Exposure to mean measured trifluralin concentrations of 9.6 mug/l significantly decreased growth of parental fish. Fecundity of exposed parental fish was significantly less than that of control fish. Survival and growth of second generation fish were significantly less than the control. The estimated MATC was 1.3 4.8 mug/l and the AF limits 0.007-0.025. Mortality of parental sheepshead minnows exposed to mean measured pentachlorophenol concentrations of 88 mug/l was significantly greater than mortality of control fish. The estimated MATC was 47 88 mug/l and the AF limits, 0.11-0.20. [Abstract from Ecology of Insecticides Water Pollution] (Author abstract by permission) CAS Registry Numbers: 57-74-9 57-74-9 1582-09-8 87-86-5
NTIS PS Rep. PS-790,109 pg. 33	1979 - Biological effects of pesticides on the Dunegrass crab. Authors: Caldwell RS Marine Sci. Cent., Oregon State Univ., Newport, OR	The toxicity of 9 pesticides to various life history stages of the Dunegrass crab, Cancer magister, was examined to establish the most sensitive life stage of the crab, and the highest concentration of each pesticide having no discernible effect on that most sensitive stage during prolonged exposures. The compounds tested were the insecticides carbofuran, chlordane, malathion and methoxychlor; the herbicides 2,4-D, DEF, propanil and trifluralin; and the fungicide captan. For each pesticide the zoeal stages were found to be the most sensitive in long-term tests, approximately 5-10 times and 10-100 times more sensitive than juvenile and adult crabs, respectively, and were also affected at lower concentrations than those that affected egg hatching and prezoel development. The maximum acceptable toxicant concentrations for continuous exposures of C. magister zoeae to each of the 9 pesticides are: methoxychlor, 0.005 mug/l; chlordane, 0.015 mug/l; malathion, 0.02 mug/l; carbofuran, 0.05 mug/l; captan, 2 mug/l; DEF, 4 mug/l; trifluralin, 15 mug/l; propanil, 80 mug/l; and 2,4-D 1000 mug/l. The toxicity of each of these pesticides to crabs is compared with literature reports of their toxicity to other aquatic species. [Abstract from Ecology of Insecticides Water Pollution] (Author abstract by permission)
NTIS PB REPORT PB-268647:251 PP	1977 - EVALUATION OF SELECTED PESTICIDES AS CHEMICAL MUTAGENS IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES Authors: SIMMON VF, MITCHELL AD, JORGENSON TA	Taxonomic Name: SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM,TA1535 SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM,TA1537 SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM,TA1538 SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM,TA100 ESCHERICHIA COLI,WP2(UVRA) ESCHERICHIA COLI,W3110 ESCHERICHIA COLI,P3478(POLA) BACILLUS SUBTILIS,H17 BACILLUS SUBTILIS,M45(REC) SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE,D3 MUS,ICR/SIM HOMO SAPIENS Test Object: BACTERIA FUNGUS,YEAST MAMMAL,MOUSE MAMMAL,HUMAN CELL CULTURE Sex Treated: MALE Tissue Cultured: WI-38 CELLS Cells Treated: GERM CELLS, SPERM SOMATIC CELLS Cells Observed: SOMATIC CELLS Name of Agent (CAS RN): [too many to list, but includes] TRIFLURALIN ( 1582-09-8 ) Inducer (CAS Rn): AROCLOR 1254 ( 11097-69-1 ) Assay: Test Category: EFFECTS ON CHROMOSOMES Specific Test/Endpoint: GENE CONVERSION Test Category: EFFECTS ON CHROMOSOMES Specific Test/Endpoint: CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS-TRANSLOCATIONS Test Category: EFFECTS ON CHROMOSOMES Specific Test/Endpoint: DOMINANT LETHAL TEST Test Category: EFFECTS ON CHROMOSOMES Specific Test/Endpoint: HERITABLE TRANSLOCATION TEST Test Category: EFFECTS ON NUCLEIC ACIDS Specific Test/Endpoint: DIFFERENTIAL KILLING-REC ASSAY Test Category: EFFECTS ON NUCLEIC ACIDS Specific Test/Endpoint: DIFFERENTIAL KILLING-POL TEST Test Category: EFFECTS ON NUCLEIC ACIDS Specific Test/Endpoint: DNA REPAIR-UDS Test Category: GENE MUTATIONS Specific Test/Endpoint: AMES TEST Test Category: GENE MUTATIONS Specific Test/Endpoint: REVERSION-TRP Test Category: FERTILITY AND STERILITY STUDIES Specific Test/Endpoint: REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE
NTIS PB REPORT EPA-600/1-76-022 114 PP EMICBACK/25227	1976 - RELIABILITY OF BACTERIAL MUTAGENESIS TECHNIQUES TO DISTINGUISH CARCINOGENIC AND NONCARCINOGENIC CHEMICALS Authors: COMMONER B	Taxonomic Name: SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM,TA1535 SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM,TA1536 SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM,TA1537 SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM,TA1538 SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM,TA100 Test Object: BACTERIA Name of Agent (CAS RN): [too many to list, but includes] TRIFLURALIN ( 1582-09-8 )
NTIS PB-244-734 73 pages NIOSH/00136490	1975 - Screening Study To Develop Background Information And Determine The Significance Of Air Contaminant Emissions From Pesticide Plants Authors: Ifeadi CN Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.	A screening study to develop background information on air emissions from pesticide producing facilities was conducted. Data on methyl-parathion (298000) (MP), toxaphene (8001352), monosodium-methanearsenate (2163806) (MSA), trifluralin (1582-09-8), pentachlorophenol (87865) (PCP), and paradichlorobenzene (106467) (PDB) was obtained by surveys of published reports and questionnaires sent to pesticide manufacturing firms. The manufacturers of each pesticide were listed. Manufacturing processes, raw and waste material handling, air pollution emission sources, amounts emitted, and pertinent control methods were analyzed. The significance of air contaminant emissions in the production of each compound was evaluated. In the production of MP, only one company controlled the primary emissions, such as those of hydrogen-sulfide (7783064), mercaptans, and phosphorus-pentoxide (1314563). In the production of toxaphene, significant quantities of hydrogen-chloride (7647010) (HCl) and toxaphene particulates were emitted by the producers. In the manufacture of MSA, arsenic-trioxide (1327533) emissions were controlled by all manufacturers, but the extent of control was not known. In the production of trifluralin, trifluralin was the jor toxic material emitted to the environment. No data on emission rates was obtained. PCP was the major toxic agent emitted in PCP manufacture. The method of using bag filters to control PCP emissions was inadequate. In PDB manufacture, emissions of toxic compounds such as HCl, benzene (71432), and chlorobenzenes were 90 to 95 percent controlled by water scrubbers and absorption columns. Production projections for the compounds were estimated for 1980 in millions of pounds: MP, 98.0; toxaphene, 232.9; MSA, 131.0; trifluralin, 38.4; PCP, 74.9; and PDB, 111.7.