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TEFLUTHRIN (79538-32-2). Full Record from Hazardous Substances Data Bank

Online November 27, 2004.


TEFLUTHRIN
CASRN: 79538-32-2


Human Health Effects:

Human Toxicity Excerpts:

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Spilling these agents on the head, face, and eyes resulted in pain, lacrimation, photophobia, congestion, and edema of the conjunctiva and eyelids. Ingestion of pyrethroid esters caused epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting, headache, dizziness, anorexia, fatigue, tightness in the chest, blurred vision, paresthesia, palpitations, coarse muscular fasciculations in the large muscles of the extremities, and disturbances of consciousness. In severe poisonings, convulsive attacks persisting from 30-120 sec were accompanied by flexion of the upper limbs and extension of the lower limbs, with opisthotonos and loss of consciousness. The frequency of these seizures was on the order of 10-30 times a day in the first week after exposure, gradually decreasing in incidence, with recovery within 2-3 weeks. The signs and symptoms of acute intoxication appear to be reversible and no chronic toxicity has been reported to date. /Synthetic pyrethroids/
[Klaassen, C.D. (ed). Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. The Basic Science of Poisons. 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2001. 785]**PEER REVIEWED**

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ...Signs and symptoms of toxicity include abnormal facial sensation, dizziness, salivation, headache, fatigue, vomiting, diarrhea, and irritability to sound and touch. In more severe cases, pulmonary edema and muscle fasciculations can develop. ...Pyrethroids are not cholinesterase inhibitors. However, there have been some cases in which pyrethroid poisoning has been misdiagnosed as organophosphate poisoning, due to some of the similar presenting signs, and some patients have died from atropine toxicity. /Pyrethroids/
[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances. Reigart, J.R., Roberts, J.R. Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisonings. 5th ed. 1999. EPA Document No. EPA 735-R-98-003, and available in electronic format at: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/safety/healthcare 87]**PEER REVIEWED**

Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations:

...Some pyrethroids do cause distressing paresthesias when liquid or volatilized materials contact human skin. ...These symptoms are more common with exposure to the pyrethroids whose structures include cyano-groups. Sensations are described as stinging, burning, itching, and tingling, progressing to numbness. The skin of the face seems to be most commonly affected, but the face, hands, forearms, and neck are sometimes involved. Sweating, exposure to sun or heat, and application of water enhance the disagreeable sensations. Sometimes the effect is noted within minutes of exposure, but a 1-2 hour delay in appearance of symptoms is more common. /Pyrethroids/
[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances. Reigart, J.R., Roberts, J.R. Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisonings. 5th ed. 1999. EPA Document No. EPA 735-R-98-003, and available in electronic format at: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/safety/healthcare 87]**PEER REVIEWED**

Probable Routes of Human Exposure:

Occupational exposure to tefluthrin may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where tefluthrin is produced or used. (SRC)
**PEER REVIEWED**

Emergency Medical Treatment:

Antidote and Emergency Treatment:

Skin decontamination. Wash skin promptly with soap and water... . If irritant or paresthetic effects occur, obtain treatment by a physician. Because volatilization of pyrethroids apparently accounts for paresthesia affecting the face, strenuous measures should be taken (ventilation, protective face mask and hood) to avoid vapor contact with the face and eyes. Vitamin E oil preparations (dL-alpha tocopheryl acetate) are uniquely effective in preventing and stopping the paresthetic reaction. They are safe for application to the skin under field conditions. Corn oil is somewhat effective, but possible side effects with continuing use make it less suitable. Vaseline is less effective than corn oil. Zinc oxide actually worsens the reaction. /Pyrethroids/
[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances. Reigart, J.R., Roberts, J.R. Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisonings. 5th ed. 1999. EPA Document No. EPA 735-R-98-003, and available in electronic format at: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/safety/healthcare 88]**PEER REVIEWED**

Eye contamination. Some pyrethroid compounds can be very corrosive to the eyes. Extraordinary measures should be taken to avoid eye contamination. The eye should be treated immediately by prolonged flushing of the eye with copious amounts of clean water or saline. If irritation persists, obtain professional ophthalmologic care. /Pyrethroids/
[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances. Reigart, J.R., Roberts, J.R. Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisonings. 5th ed. 1999. EPA Document No. EPA 735-R-98-003, and available in electronic format at: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/safety/healthcare 88]**PEER REVIEWED**

Gastrointestinal decontamination. If large amounts of pyrethroids, especially the cyano-pyrethroids, have been ingested and the patient is seen soon after exposure, consider gastrointestinal decontamination... . Based on observations in laboratory animals and humans, large ingestions of allethrin, cismethrin, fluvalinate, fenvalerate, or deltamethrin would be the most likely to generate neurotoxic manifestations. If only small amounts of pyrethroid have been ingested, or if treatment has been delayed, oral administration of activated charcoal and cathartic probably represents optimal management. Do not give cathartic if patient has diarrhea or an ileus. /Pyrethroids/
[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances. Reigart, J.R., Roberts, J.R. Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisonings. 5th ed. 1999. EPA Document No. EPA 735-R-98-003, and available in electronic format at: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/safety/healthcare 88]**PEER REVIEWED**

Several drugs are effective in relieving the pyrethroid neurotoxic manifestations observed in deliberately poisoned laboratory animals, but none has been tested in human poisonings. Therefore, neither efficacy nor safety under these circumstances is known. Furthermore, moderate neurotoxic symptoms and signs are likely to resolve spontaneously if they do occur. /Pyrethroids/
[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances. Reigart, J.R., Roberts, J.R. Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisonings. 5th ed. 1999. EPA Document No. EPA 735-R-98-003, and available in electronic format at: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/safety/healthcare 89]**PEER REVIEWED**

Basic treatment: . Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Pyrethrins, pyrethroids, and related compounds/
[Bronstein, A.C., P.L. Currance; Emergency Care for Hazardous Materials Exposure. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO. Mosby Lifeline. 1994.269]**PEER REVIEWED**

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for air way control in the patient who is unconscious. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Pyrethrins, pyrethroids, and related compounds/
[Bronstein, A.C., P.L. Currance; Emergency Care for Hazardous Materials Exposure. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO. Mosby Lifeline. 1994.269-70]**PEER REVIEWED**

Animal Toxicity Studies:

Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts:

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Slight eye and skin irritation (rabbits). No skin sensitisation (guinea pigs).
[Tomlin CDS, ed. tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ In a 21-day rat dietary study, administration of 20 mg/kg/day (LOEL for females) produced decreased platelet counts, increased white blood cell, lymphocyte, and neutrophil counts in males and females. The NOEL for females was 5 mg/kg/day. Increased absolute and relative liver weights were observed at 5 mg/kg/day in males, thus no NOEL could be established for males. Dietary administration of 10 mg/kg/day (LOEL) for 3 months to rats produced increased absolute liver weights, decreased bilirubin levels, and hepatocellular hypertrophy. The NOEL was 5 mg/kg/day.
[59 FR 1788 (1/12/1994) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ In a 6-month dog study, dietary administration of 10 mg/kg/day (LOEL) produced hepatotoxicity (effects not reported). The NOEL was 1 mg/kg/day.
[59 FR 1788 (1/12/1994) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ In a subchronic oral toxicity study, rats were dosed at 0, 50, 150, or 350 ppm (2.5, 7.5, or 17.5 mg/kg/day) for 90 days. The LOEL for this 90-day feeding study is 150 ppm (equivalent to approximately 7.5 mg/kg/day) based on changes in hemoglobin, cholesterol, and liver weight in the mid-dose animals. The NOEL is 50 ppm (equivalent to approximately 2.5 mg/kg/day).
[62 FR 62954 (11/26/1997) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ In a subchronic oral toxicity study, dogs were dosed at 0, 0.1, 0.5, or 1.5 mg/kg/day for 90 days. The LOEL for this 90-day oral toxicity study is 1.5 mg/kg/day based on thyroid changes, and increased levels of plasma triglycerides and aspartate transaminase observed at the high-dose. The NOEL is 0.5 mg/kg/day.
[62 FR 62954 (11/26/1997) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ In an oral toxicity study, mice were dosed at 0, 25, 75, 200, or 400 ppm (0, 3.75, 11.3, 30.0, or 60.0 mg/kg/day) for 28 days. The LOEL is 400 ppm (equivalent to approximately 60 mg/kg/day) based on decreased body weight gains in both sexes and final body weights in females. The NOEL is 200 ppm (equivalent to approximately 30 mg/kg/ day).
[62 FR 62954 (11/26/1997) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ In a dermal toxicity study, rats were dosed at 0, 0.1, 1.0, or 50 mg/kg. The LOEL for skin effects for this 21-day dermal toxicity study is 50.0 mg/kg based on acanthosis, necrosis epidermis, and inflammatory cell infiltrate dermis observed in the high-dose animals. The NOEL for skin effects is 1.0 mg/kg.
[62 FR 62954 (11/26/1997) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ In a chronic/oncogenicity study, mice were dosed at 0, 25, 100, or 400 ppm (actual dose levels were equivalent to 3.4, 13.5, or 54.4 mg/kg/day) for 104 weeks. The chronic LOEL is 13.5 mg/kg based on hemangiomatous changes of the uterus and liver necrosis observed in the mid- and high-dose females. The chronic NOEL is 3.4 mg/kg. Under the conditions of this study, there was no evidence of carcinogenic potential.
[62 FR 62954 (11/26/1997) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ In a chronic toxicity study, dogs were dosed at dose levels of 0, 0.1, 0.5, and 2.0 mg/kg/day for 12 months. The LOEL for this chronic study is 2.0 mg/kg/day based on the increased incidence of ataxia in both sexes at the high-dose. The NOEL is 0.5 mg/kg/day.
[62 FR 62954 (11/26/1997) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ In a chronic/oncogenicity study, rats were dosed for 24 months at 0, 25, 100, or 400 ppm (actual dose levels were equivalent to 1.1, 4.6, or 18.2 mg/kg/day). The chronic LOEL is 4.6 mg/kg/day based on decreased body weights, and neurotoxicity and clinical chemistry changes in the mid- and high-dose animals. The chronic NOEL is 1.1 mg/ kg/day. Under the conditions of this study, there was no evidence of carcinogenic potential.
[62 FR 62954 (11/26/1997) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ In a developmental toxicity study, rats were dosed at 0, 1, 3, or 5 mg/kg/day from days 7-16 of gestation. The maternal LOEL is 3 mg/kg/day, based on treatment-related decrease body weight gains during dosing. The maternal NOEL is 1 mg/kg/day. Developmental toxicity was demonstrated at 5 mg/kg/day as an increase in the fetal incidence of bilaterally unossified calcanea (92.9% vs. 87.5% in controls, p<0.05; litter incidence was not shown) and a slight increase in the pes score (3.05 vs. 2.96 in controls) indicating slight inhibition of ossification at these sites. There were no treatment-related effects on the number, growth, and survival of the young in utero. In addition, the inter-group differences in the mean numbers of corpora lutea, implantations, pre- and post- implantation deaths, live fetuses, proportion of male fetuses, and fetal weights were not remarkable. The developmental LOEL is 5 mg/kg/day, based on inhibited ossification. The developmental NOEL is 3 mg/kg/day.
[62 FR 62954 (11/26/1997) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ In a developmental toxicity study, rabbits were dosed at 0, 3, 6, or 12 mg/kg/day from days 7-19 of gestation. The maternal LOEL is 3 mg/kg/day, based on treatment-related clinical signs of toxicity (tremors). The maternal NOEL is <3 mg/kg/day. There was no developmental toxicity demonstrated at any dose level. There were no treatment-related effects on in utero survival and growth or on litter size and sex ratio of the fetuses. The skeletal variant data showed significant (p<0.01 or 0.05) increases in incidence of extra thoracic ribs and 27 pre-sacral vertebrae among fetuses in the dosed groups; however, when the litter was used as the unit for comparison, the incidences of these respective variants were comparable between all groups. The incidences of these variants were not biologically significant. The NOEL for developmental toxicity is 12 mg/kg/day. The developmental LOEL was not observed.
[62 FR 62954 (11/26/1997) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ In a multi-generation reproduction study, rats were dosed at 0, 15, 50, or 250 ppm (0, 0.75, 2.5, or 12.5 mg/kg/day). The LOEL for parental toxicity is 12.5 mg/kg/day, based on lowered body weight gains, and the NOEL is 2.5 mg/kg/day. The LOEL for neurotoxic effects is 2.5 mg/kg/day, based on abnormal, splayed, or high-stepping gait. The NOEL for neurotoxic effects is 0.75 mg/kg/day. Reproductive toxicity was demonstrated at the high-dose as lowered pup body weight gain throughout the study in all generations and in both sexes. Additionally, total litter weight was decreased on day 29 in all of the high-dose groups. The LOEL for reproductive toxicity is 12.5 mg/kg/day, based on lowered pup body weight gains. The reproductive NOEL is 2.5 mg/kg/day.
[62 FR 62954 (11/26/1997) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Neurotoxicity/ ... Cellular effects of pyrethrin and pyrethroid insecticides havebeen postulated to involve interactions with sodium channels, receptor-ionophore complexes, neurotransmitters, and ATPases. Toxicity is a function of chemical structure, metabolism, route of exposure, and the presence or absence of synergists. Pyrethroid insecticides are neurotoxic, and the development and severity of clinical signs is proportional to the nervous tissue pyrethroid concentration. Type I pyrethroid poisoning in mice and rats produces a syndrome characterized by tremors, prostration and altered startle reflexes. /Type I pyrethroids/
[Dorman DC, Beasley VR; Vet Hum Toxicol 33 (3): 238-43 (1991) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Neurotoxicity/ In a supplementary study, 10 animals/sex/group were given either vehicle, 2,5-hexanedione or 5 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg tefluthrin. The positive control, 2,5-hexanedione, elicited the appropriate neurotoxicological response. No consistent effects on motor or sensory nerve electrophysiology or function or clinical signs of neurotoxicity were evident in animals treated with either 5 or 15 mg/kg tefluthrin. A slight but significant increase in pull-up time was observed on day 12 in males which was accompanied by a significant decrease in both /sensory nerve conduction velocity/ and the amplitude of the /sensory nerve action potential/. Both quickly returned to values similar to control values, and did not decrease again.
[62 FR 62954 (11/26/1997) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

/GENOTOXICITY/ There are seven acceptable studies: one dominant lethal study in mice; reverse mutation assay (Salmonella typhimurium); one forward mutation assay in mammalian cells; one mouse lymphoma assay, one in vivo chromosomal aberration assay, in vitro chromosome aberration study; one UDS assay in primary rat hepatocytes. All these studies were negative.
[62 FR 62954 (11/26/1997) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Non-Human Toxicity Values:
LD50 Rat oral 35 mg/kg /technical grade/
[O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001. 1625]**PEER REVIEWED**

LD50 Rat dermal 200-1000 mg/kg /technical grade/
[O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001. 1625]**PEER REVIEWED**

LD50 Rat (male) oral 22 mg/kg (in corn oil)
[Tomlin CDS, ed. tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

LD50 Rat (female) oral 35 mg/kg (in corn oil)
[Tomlin CDS, ed. tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

LD50 Mouse (male) oral 46 mg/kg
[Tomlin CDS, ed. tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

LD50 Mouse (female) oral 57 mg/kg
[Tomlin CDS, ed. tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

LD50 Rat (male) percutaneous 316 mg/kg
[Tomlin CDS, ed. tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

LD50 Rat (female) percutaneous 177 mg/kg
[Tomlin CDS, ed. tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

LC50 Rat (male) inhalation 0.05 mg/L/4 hr
[Tomlin CDS, ed. tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

LC50 Rat (female) inhalation 0.04 mg/L/4 hr
[Tomlin CDS, ed. tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Ecotoxicity Values:

LD50 Mallard duck oral 4,190 mg/kg
[Tomlin CDS, ed. tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

LD50 Bobwhite quail oral 730 mg/kg
[Tomlin CDS, ed. tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

LC50 Rainbow trout 60 ng/L/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/
[Tomlin CDS, ed. tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

LC50 Bluegill sunfish 130 ng/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/
[Tomlin CDS, ed. tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

LD50 Bee (contact) 280 ng/bee
[Tomlin CDS, ed. tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

LD50 Bee oral 1,880 ng/bee
[Tomlin CDS, ed. tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

LC50 Sheepshead minnow 0.13 ppb/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/
[59 FR 1788 (1/12/1994) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

LC50 Mysid 0.053 ppb/96 hr /flow-through system, 98.5% ai/
[59 FR 1788 (1/12/1994) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics:

Metabolism/Metabolites:

In a study with rat fat, half of the radioactive residues could be attributed to the parent and the remaining residues consisted of a mixture of fatty acid esters of hydroxylated parent metabolites.
[62 FR 62954 (11/26/1997) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Species susceptibility to pyrethroid ester toxicity would appear to be highly dependent on the nature of the tissue esterase, the level of activity detected, the substrate specificity, and rate of hydrolysis encountered in target and nontarget species. The microsomal monoxygenase system found int he tissues of almost all species is extensively involved in the detoxification of every pyrethroid ester in mammals an of some of these agents in insect and fish species. /Pyrethroid esters/
[Klaassen, C.D. (ed). Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. The Basic Science of Poisons. 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2001. 787]**PEER REVIEWED**

Absorption, Distribution & Excretion:

In both rats and dogs, when given either 1 or 10 mg/kg, most of the radioactivity was found in the feces unchanged and most urinary metabolites were conjugated. Approximately 30% of the administered dose was absorbed and excreted in the urine in both species. Single doses in both rats and dogs were excreted within 48 hours, 50-65% in feces and 20-30% in the urine. In rats, a biliary fistula experiment suggested that the radioactivity measured in the feces may be partially due to biliary excretion. Studies also suggest that oxidation precedes the ester body cleavage.
[62 FR 62954 (11/26/1997) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Biological Half-Life:

In rats, the half-life in the liver is 4.8 days, in the fat is 13.3 days and in the blood is 10.6 days.
[62 FR 62954 (11/26/1997) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Mechanism of Action:

In myocites, tefluthrin (type I /pyrethroid/) ... prolonged action potentials and evoked after depolarizations. The time course of sodium current (I(Na)) was also prolonged ...
[Spencer CI et al; J Pharmacol Exp Ther 298: 1067-82 (2001) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Both type I and type II esters modify the gating kinetics of sodium channels involved in the inward flow of sodium ions, producing the action potential in cells that are normally closed at the resting potential. The pyrethroids affect both the activation (opening) and inactivation (closing) of the channel, resulting in a hyperexcitable state as a consequence of a prolonged negative afterpotential that is raised to the threshold membrane potential and producing abnormal repetitive discharges. The observed differences between the type I and type II esters lie in the fact that the former hold sodium channels open for a relatively short time period (milliseconds), whereas type II esters keep the channel open for a prolonged time period (up to seconds). Although the repetitive discharges could occur in any region of the nervous system, those at presynaptic nerve terminals would have the most dramatic effect on synaptic transmission (i.e., on the CNS and peripheral sensory and motor ganglia), giving rise to the /following signs of toxicity in rats: hyperexcitability, sparring, aggressiveness, enhanced startle response, whole-body tremor, and prostration/... . The depolarizing action would have a dramatic effect on the sensory nervous system because such neurons tend to discharge when depolarized even slightly, resulting in an increased number of discharges and accounting for the ingling and/or burning sensation felt on the skin and observed in particular with type II esters. /Pyrethroids/
[Klaassen, C.D. (ed). Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. The Basic Science of Poisons. 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2001. 786]**PEER REVIEWED**

The biological actions of different pyrethroid esters at sodium channels is highly variable in that (1) cis and trans stereospecificity exists, the cis isomers being as much as 10-fold more toxic than trans isomers; (2) an additional chiral center is produced if a cyano-substitute is added to the alcohol, giving rise to eight possible isomers ; (3) the binding of cis and trans isomers differs, being competitive at one site and noncompetitive at another; (4) tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels are 10-fold more sensitive to pyrethroids than are tetrodotoxin-sensitive channels; (5) affinity to sodium channels is dependent on the variable alpha-subunit composition of the 10 or more different channels identified to date; (6) insect sodium channels are 100-fold more sensitive than mammalian channels, thereby in part explaining species susceptibility; (7) low temperature (25 deg C) exerts a greater inhibitory effect of pyrethroid esters (on sodium channels) than a higher (37 deg C) temperature due to increased current flow at low temperature. ...The most important factor that causes differential toxicity is the sodium channel of the nervous system. /Pyrethroids/
[Klaassen, C.D. (ed). Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. The Basic Science of Poisons. 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2001. 786]**PEER REVIEWED**

Other sites of action have been noted for pyrethroid esters... . Calcium channels have been proposed targets, particularly in insects at levels of 10X-7 M. Mammalian calcium channels appear to be less sensitive, with effects being seen only with type I esters. /Synthetic pyrethroids/
[Klaassen, C.D. (ed). Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. The Basic Science of Poisons. 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2001. 786]**PEER REVIEWED**

Interactions:

...Many organophosphorus esters that are capable of inhibiting tissue esterases potentiate pyrethroid ester toxicity in a variety of species. /Pyrethroid esters/
[Klaassen, C.D. (ed). Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. The Basic Science of Poisons. 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2001. 787]**PEER REVIEWED**

Pharmacology:

Interactions:

...Many organophosphorus esters that are capable of inhibiting tissue esterases potentiate pyrethroid ester toxicity in a variety of species. /Pyrethroid esters/
[Klaassen, C.D. (ed). Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. The Basic Science of Poisons. 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2001. 787]**PEER REVIEWED**

Environmental Fate & Exposure:

Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary:

Tefluthrin's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; it's use as an insecticide results in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 6.0X10-5 mm Hg at 20 deg C indicates tefluthrin will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase tefluthrin will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone; the half-lives for these reactions in air are estimated to be 23 hours and 7 days, respectively. Particulate-phase tefluthrin will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. If released to soil, tefluthrin is expected to have no mobility based upon an Koc values ranging from 11,000 to 28,500. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-3 atm-cu m/mole. However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization. Tefluthrin biodegrades with a half-life of approx 1 month. In a field study, there was a 50% decline in extractable tefluthrin residues after approx 1 month. After 9 months, the tefluthrin residues had fallen to 2% of that applied. If released into water, tefluthrin is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon Koc values. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.8 hrs and 8.4 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 53 years if adsorption is considered. An estimated BCF of 450 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. Tefluthrin is stable to hydrolysis at pH 5 to 7 for greater than 30 days; at pH 9, 7% hydrolysis occurs in 30 days. Tefluthrin undergoes direct photolysis. In an aqueous soln at pH 7, a 27-30% loss of tefluthrin occurred after exposure to sunlight for 31 days. Occupational exposure to tefluthrin may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where tefluthrin is produced or used. (SRC)
**PEER REVIEWED**

Probable Routes of Human Exposure:

Occupational exposure to tefluthrin may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where tefluthrin is produced or used. (SRC)
**PEER REVIEWED**

Artificial Pollution Sources:

Tefluthrin's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; it's use as an insecticide(1) results in its direct release to the environment(SRC).
[(1) O'Neil MJ et al, ed; The Merck Index. 13th ed. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co. Inc., p. 1625 (2001) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Environmental Fate:

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 11,202 to 28,491(2), indicate that tefluthrin is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of tefluthrin from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 6.0X10-5 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 2.0X10-2 mg/l(4). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Tefluthrin is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Tefluthrin undergoes photolysis in aqueous systems(5) which suggests that direct photolysis on soil surfaces is possible(SRC). Tefluthrin biodegrades with a half-life of approx 1 month(3). In a field study, there was a 50% decline in extractable tefluthrin residues after approx 1 month(3). After 9 months, the tefluthrin residues had fallen to 2% of that applied(3).
[(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983) (2) Zhou JL et al; Wat Res 31: 75-84 (1997) (3) Bewick DW et al; Pest Dis 2: 159-68 (1986) (4) Shiu WY et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 116: 15-187 (1990) (5) Tomlin CDS, ed; The Pesticide Manual. 11th ed. Surrey, England: British Crop Protection Council. p. 1160 (1997) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 11,202 to 28,491(2), indicate that tefluthrin is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.6X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 6.0X10-5 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 2.0X10-2 mg/l(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.8 hrs and 8.4 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 53 years if adsorption is considered(6). According to a classification scheme(7), an estimated BCF of 450(SRC), from its log Kow(8) and a regression-derived equation(9), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Tefluthrin is stable to hydrolysis at pH 5 to 7 for greater than 30 days(8); at pH 9, 7% hydrolysis occurs in 30 days(8). Tefluthrin undergoes direct photolysis(SRC). In an aqueous soln at pH 7, a 27-30% loss of tefluthrin occurred after exposure to sunlight for 31 days(8). Based on a field study in soil(4), tefluthrin is expected to biodegrade in aqueous systems(SRC).
[(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983) (2) Zhou JL et al; Wat Res 31: 75-84 (1997) (3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-9 (1990) (4) Bewick DW et al; Pest Dis 2: 159-68 (1986) (5) Shiu WY et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 116: 15-187 (1990) (6) US EPA; EXAMS II Computer Simulation (1987) (7) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994) (8) Tomlin CDS, ed; The Pesticide Manual. 11th ed. Surrey, England: British Crop Protection Council. p. 1160 (1997) (9) Meylan WM et al; Environ Toxicol Chem 18: 664-72 (1999) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), tefluthrin, which has a vapor pressure of 6.0X10-5 mm Hg at 20 deg C(2) is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase tefluthrin is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone(SRC); the half-life for these reactions in air are estimated to be 23 hours and 7.0 days, respectively(SRC), calculated from rate constants of 1.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg C for hydroxyl radicals and 1.6X10-18 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg C for ozone(SRC), that were derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase tefluthrin may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Tefluthrin undergoes photolysis in aqueous systems(4) which suggests that direct photolysis in the atmosphere is possible(SRC).
[(1) Bidleman TF; Environ Sci Technol 22: 361-367 (1988) (2) Bewick DW et al; Pest Dis 2: 159-68 (1986) (3) Meylan WM, Howard PH; Chemosphere 26: 2293-99 (1993) (4) Tomlin CDS, ed; The Pesticide Manual. 11th ed. Surrey, England: British Crop Protection Council. p. 1160 (1997) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Environmental Biodegradation:

Tefluthrin biodegrades with a half-life of approx 1 month(1). In a field study, there was a 50% decline in extractable tefluthrin residues after approx 1 month(1). After 9 months, the tefluthrin residues had fallen to 2% of that applied(1).
[(1) Bewick DW et al; Pes Des 2: 159-68 (1986) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

The biodegradation products for tefluthrin were determined to be 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylbenzoic acid; 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid; 4-carboxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzyl (1R,3R;1S,3S)-3-(Z-2-chloro-3,3,3-tri-fluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate(1).
[(1) Bewick DW et al; Pes Dis 2: 159-68 (1986) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Environmental Abiotic Degradation:

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of tefluthrin with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 23 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of tefluthrin with ozone has been estimated as 1.6X10-18 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7.0 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(2). Tefluthrin is stable to hydrolysis at pH 5 to 7 for greater than 30 days(3); at pH 9, 7% hydrolysis occurs in 30 days(3). Tefluthrin undergoes direct photolysis(SRC). In an aqueous soln at pH 7, a 27-30% loss of tefluthrin occurred after exposure to sunlight for 31 days(3).
[(1) Meylan WM, Howard PH; Chemosphere 26: 2293-99 (1993) (2) Atkinson R, Carter WPL; Chem Rev 84: 437-70 (1984) (3) Tomlin CDS, ed; The Pesticide Manual. 11th ed. Surrey, England: British Crop Protection Council. p. 1160 (1997) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Environmental Bioconcentration:

An estimated BCF of 450 was calculated for tefluthrin(SRC), using a log Kow of 6.5(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC).
[(1) Tomlin CDS, ed; The Pesticide Manual. 11th ed. Surrey, England: British Crop Protection Council. p. 1160 (1997) (2) Meylan WM et al; Environ Toxicol Chem 18: 664-72 (1999) (3) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Soil Adsorption/Mobility:

The Koc of tefluthrin ranges from 11,202 to 28,491 in a silty clay loam soil(1). According to a classification scheme(2), the range of Koc values suggest that tefluthrin is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC).
[(1) Zhou JL et al; Wat Res 31: 75-84 (1997) (2) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Volatilization from Water/Soil:

The Henry's Law constant for tefluthrin is estimated as 1.6X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 6.0X10-5 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 2.0X10-2 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that tefluthrin is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 2.8 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 8.4 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 53 years if adsorption is considered(4). Tefluthrin's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to soil(SRC). Tefluthrin is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).
[(1) Bewick DW et al; Pest Dis 2: 159-68 (1986) (2) Shiu WY et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 116: 15-187 (1990) (3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 15-1 to 15-29 (1990) (4) US EPA; EXAMS II Computer Simulation (1987) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Environmental Water Concentrations:

SURFACE WATER: During a field study at the Nelson Research farm in Mississippi, the max concn of tefluthrin in runoff was measured as 0.64 ppb in the water-phase and 0.07 ppb in the sediment phase(1).
[(1) Schreiber JD et al; Water Sci Technol 28: 583-8 (1993) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Environmental Standards & Regulations:

FIFRA Requirements:

New Active Ingredients ... includes pesticide active ingredients initially registered after November 1, 1984, that currently have active product registrations. By law, these newer pesticides are not subject to the reregistration program. They must, however, meet the new safety standard of the FQPA, and will be reviewed on a 15-year cycle under the registration review program. ... Active Ingredient Number: 128912; Type of Pesticide: conventional-insecticide; Use Site: food use, ornamentals; Year: 1989.
[United States Environmental Protection Agency/ Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances; Status of Pesticides in Registration, Reregistration, and Special Review. (1998) EPA 738-R-98-002 394]**PEER REVIEWED**

Tolerances are established for the combined residues of the insecticide tefluthrin (2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylphenyl)methyl-(1 alpha, 3 alpha)-(Z)-(+ or -)-3(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate) and its metabolite (Z)-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid in or on the following commodities: corn, field, fodder and forage, pop and sweet; corn, fresh (including sweet K and corn with husk removed (CWHR); and corn, field, grain and pop.
[40 CFR 180.440; U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from: http://www.access.gpo.gov/ecfr as of July 1, 2003 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Allowable Tolerances:

Tolerances are established for the combined residues of the insecticide tefluthrin (2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylphenyl)methyl-(1 alpha, 3 alpha)-(Z)-(+ or -)-3(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate) and its metabolite (Z)-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid in or on the following commodities: corn, field, fodder and forage, pop and sweet, 0.06 ppm; corn, fresh (including sweet K and corn with husk removed (CWHR), 0.06 ppm; and corn, field, grain and pop, 0.06 ppm.
[40 CFR 180.440; U.S. National Archives and Records Administration's Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Available from: http://www.access.gpo.gov/ecfr as of July 1, 2003 ]**PEER REVIEWED**
Chemical/Physical Properties:

Molecular Formula:

C17-H14-Cl-F7-O2
[ ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Molecular Weight:
418.7
[Tomlin CDS, ed. Tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Color/Form:

Colorless solid
[Tomlin CDS, ed. Tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Boiling Point:

156 deg C @ 1 mm Hg
[Tomlin CDS, ed. Tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Melting Point:

44.6 deg C
[Tomlin CDS, ed. Tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Density/Specific Gravity:

1.48 g/ml (25 deg C)
[Tomlin CDS, ed. Tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient:

log Kow = 6.50 at 20 deg C
[Tomlin, C.D.S. (ed.). The Pesticide Manual - World Compendium, 11 th ed., British Crop Protection Council, Surrey, England 19971160]**PEER REVIEWED**

Solubilities:

Soluble in most common organic solvents.
[Farm Chemicals Handbook 2002. Meister Publishing Co., 2002.C-382]**PEER REVIEWED**

In acetone, hexane, toluene, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate >500, methanol 263 (all in g/l, 21 deg C).
[Tomlin CDS, ed. Tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

In water, 0.02 mg/l @ 20 deg C
[Shiu WY et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 116: 15-187 (1990) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Vapor Pressure:

6.00X10-5 mm Hg @ 20 deg C
[Bewick DW et al; Pest Dis 2: 159-68 (1986) ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Other Chemical/Physical Properties:

Off-white; MP: 39-43 deg C /Technical/
[Tomlin, C.D.S. (ed.). The Pesticide Manual - World Compendium, 11 th ed., British Crop Protection Council, Surrey, England 19971160]**PEER REVIEWED**
MP: 44 deg C; vapor pressure: 80 mPa @ 20 deg C; water solubility: 20 ug/l /Mixture of two isomers/
[Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 4th ed. Volumes 1: New York, NY. John Wiley and Sons, 1991-Present.V14 (1995) 538]**PEER REVIEWED**

Chemical Safety & Handling:

Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations:

...Some pyrethroids do cause distressing paresthesias when liquid or volatilized materials contact human skin. ...These symptoms are more common with exposure to the pyrethroids whose structures include cyano-groups. Sensations are described as stinging, burning, itching, and tingling, progressing to numbness. The skin of the face seems to be most commonly affected, but the face, hands, forearms, and neck are sometimes involved. Sweating, exposure to sun or heat, and application of water enhance the disagreeable sensations. Sometimes the effect is noted within minutes of exposure, but a 1-2 hour delay in appearance of symptoms is more common. /Pyrethroids/
[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances. Reigart, J.R., Roberts, J.R. Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisonings. 5th ed. 1999. EPA Document No. EPA 735-R-98-003, and available in electronic format at: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/safety/healthcare 87]**PEER REVIEWED**

Protective Equipment & Clothing:

Long-sleeved shirt, pants, shoes, socks, gloves.
[Farm Chemicals Handbook 2002. Meister Publishing Co., 2002.C-382]**PEER REVIEWED**

Preventive Measures:

The protective clothing should be kept in separate places where it cannot be contaminated with toxic chemicals. It should be forbidden to keep this clothing in living quarters. Protective clothing must be washed at least once a week and each time it is contaminated with pesticides. Before washing the clothing should be soaked for several hours in a calcium carbonate solution. /Pesticides/
[International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983.1645]**PEER REVIEWED**

Smoking, eating, and drinking before washing should be absolutely prohibited when any pesticide ... is being handled or used. /Pesticides/
[International Labour Office. Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety. 4th edition, Volumes 1-4 1998. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1998.62.10]**PEER REVIEWED**

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
**PEER REVIEWED**

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.
**PEER REVIEWED**

Stability/Shelf Life:

Stable for at least 9 months at 15-25 deg C. Stable for >84 days at 50 deg C. Stable to hydrolysis at pH 5-7 for >30 days. At pH 9, 7% hydrolysis in 30 days. At pH 7, 27-30% loss in aqueous solution exposed to sunlight for 31 days.
[Tomlin CDS, ed. tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Stable to hydrolysis at pH 5 and 7; stable >30 days at pH9.
[USEPA; Environmental Fate Assessment for the Synthetic Pyrethroids. February 1999. Available from http://www.epa.gov/scipoly/sap/1999/february/pyreth.pdf as of June 26, 2003. ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Disposal Methods:

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.
[ ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Occupational Exposure Standards:

Manufacturing/Use Information:

Major Uses:

For tefluthrin (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 128912) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./
[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Pesticide Program's Chemical Ingredients Database on Tefluthrin (79538-32-2). Available from the Database Query page at http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/epa/epamenu.htm as of July 1, 2003 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Control of a wide range of soil insect pests, particularly those of the orders Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera, in maize, sugar beet, wheat and other crops.
[Tomlin CDS, ed. tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Insecticide. For field corn, popcorn, seed corn, and sweet corn.
[Farm Chemicals Handbook 2002. Meister Publishing Co., 2002.C-382]**PEER REVIEWED**

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies edifenphos as Class Ib: highly hazardous; Main Use: insecticide-applied to soil: not used with herbicides or plant growth regulators.
[WHO (2001) The Who Recommended Classification fo Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 2000-2002 (WHO/PC/01.5), International Programme on Chemical Safety ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Manufacturers:

Syngenta, 1800 Concord Pike, Wilmington, DE 19850-5458, (302) 886-1000
[Farm Chemicals Handbook 2001. Willoughby, Ohio: Meister 2001.C 381]**PEER REVIEWED**

Methods of Manufacturing:

... Prepared from 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylbenzyl alcohol.
[Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 4th ed. Volumes 1: New York, NY. John Wiley and Sons, 1991-Present.V11 583 (1994)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Formulations/Preparations:

Emulsifiable concentrate, and granules.
[Farm Chemicals Handbook 2002. Meister Publishing Co., 2002.C-382]**PEER REVIEWED**

Tradenames: 'Force' (Syngenta); 'Fireban' (Uniroyal); mixtures: 'Imprimo' (+ imidacloprid) (Bayer); 'Traffic' (+ imidacloprid) (Bayer). Other tradenames: 'Evict' (Syngenta); 'Forca' (Syngenta); 'Forza' (Syngenta); 'Attack' (Sopra); mixtures: 'Austral Plus' (+ anthraquinone+ fludioxonil) (Syngenta); 'Montur' (+ imidacloprid) (Bayer). Discontinued names mixtures: 'Austral' * (+ anthraquinone+ oxine-copper) (seed treatment) (La Quinoline); 'Elyxor Star' * (+ anthraquinone+ fludioxonil) (Novartis).
[Tomlin CDS, ed. tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Tech. material is /about/ 92% pure.
[Tomlin CDS, ed. tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Laboratory Methods:

Analytic Laboratory Methods:

Pesticide Name: Tefluthrin; Commodity: Corn fodder; Method Source: ICI Americas; Method ID: 85/1; Method Date: 11/28/86; Instrument: GC/ECD.
[USEPA; Pesticides: Analytical Methods & Procedures, Index of Residue Analytical Methods (RAM). Available at http://www.epa.gov/oppbead1/methods/ram12b.#1-9 as of July 1, 2003 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Pesticide Name: Tefluthrin; Commodity: Corn grain; Method Source: ICI Americas; Method ID: 85/1; Method Date: 11/28/86; Instrument: GC/ECD.
[USEPA; Pesticides: Analytical Methods & Procedures, Index of Residue Analytical Methods (RAM). Available at http://www.epa.gov/oppbead1/methods/ram12b.#1-9 as of July 1, 2003 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Special References:

Synonyms and Identifiers:

Synonyms:

USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 128912
**PEER REVIEWED**

Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-,
**PEER REVIEWED**

PP993
**PEER REVIEWED**

Tefluthrine
**PEER REVIEWED**

(2,3,5,6-Tetrafluoro-4-methylphenyl)methyl ester (1-alpha,3-alpha(Z))-(+-)-
**PEER REVIEWED**

(1R,3R)-rel-3-((1Z)-2-Chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylphenyl)methyl ester
**PEER REVIEWED**

(+/-)-cis-4-methyltetrafluorobenzyl 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-prop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate
**PEER REVIEWED**

2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylbenzyl-(Z)-(1RS,3RS)-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
**PEER REVIEWED**

JF-6064
**PEER REVIEWED**

R-151993
**PEER REVIEWED**

Komet
**PEER REVIEWED**

Formulations/Preparations:

Emulsifiable concentrate, and granules.
[Farm Chemicals Handbook 2002. Meister Publishing Co., 2002.C-382]**PEER REVIEWED**

Tradenames: 'Force' (Syngenta); 'Fireban' (Uniroyal); mixtures: 'Imprimo' (+ imidacloprid) (Bayer); 'Traffic' (+ imidacloprid) (Bayer). Other tradenames: 'Evict' (Syngenta); 'Forca' (Syngenta); 'Forza' (Syngenta); 'Attack' (Sopra); mixtures: 'Austral Plus' (+ anthraquinone+ fludioxonil) (Syngenta); 'Montur' (+ imidacloprid) (Bayer). Discontinued names mixtures: 'Austral' * (+ anthraquinone+ oxine-copper) (seed treatment) (La Quinoline); 'Elyxor Star' * (+ anthraquinone+ fludioxonil) (Novartis).
[Tomlin CDS, ed. tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Tech. material is /about/ 92% pure.
[Tomlin CDS, ed. tefluthrin (79538-32-2). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, Version 2.2 (2002). Surrey UK, British Crop Protection Council. 79538-32-2 ]**PEER REVIEWED**

Administrative Information:

Hazardous Substances Databank Number: 7135

Last Revision Date: 20040225

Last Review Date: Reviewed by SRP on 10/2/2003

Update History:

Complete Update on 2004-02-25, 43 fields added/edited/deleted
Created 20030422