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Return
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Page
Due
to the number of reports, the following
are the categories we present them.
(Note: these reports were cited on Toxline
at Toxnet in April 2005) |
| Fluoride
(all reports except Canada) |
Fluoride:
CANADA |
Fluoride
in the
Nuclear Industry |
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Note:
many of the
Canadian communities
cited in these reports
border the US. |
|
| |
- |
- |
Note:
this is a selected
list of reports. |
NTIS
Reports can be ordered by: phone at 1-800-553-NTIS (U.S.
customers); (703)605-6000 (other countries); fax at (703)605-6900;
and email at orders@ntis.gov. NTIS is located at 5285 Port
Royal Road, Springfield, VA, 22161, USA.
|
| Order
Number
Source
Number |
Date
Published / Title / Author & Affiliation / Sponsor Agency |
Abstract
/Keywords |
NTIS/PB87-170817
89p |
1987.
Analysis
of Costs for the Treatment of Dental Fluorosis.
Authors:
Collins E
Segreto V
Martin H
Dickson H
Texas
Univ. Health Science Center at San Antonio. |
The research
project was initiated to conduct a cost/benefit analysis for
those communities whose fluoride levels exceed two times the
optimum and to determine the economic impact of defluoridating
community drinking water. The initial data used in this study
were from a project conducted by the University of Texas at
San Antonio for the Environmental Protection Agency's Health
Effect Research Laboratory. This earlier project was used to
select representative cases of fluorosis from each community
with water fluoride levels from optimum to 4.0 ppm. The clinical
findings of each case were presented to a panel of clinical
practitioners for diagnosis of the extent of cosmetic deformity
and dental dysfunctional effects present in the dentition as
a result of excessive fluoride. Cost estimates were made for
the remedial care proposed for each subject by each panel member.
Using these data an evaluation was made
of the beneficial effects of optimum water fluoride levels (savings
from caries reduction) [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB90-109273
13p |
1987.
Health
Assessment for Northern Engraving Company,
Sparta, Wisconsin, Region 5. CERCLIS No. WID980684674.
Agency
for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
Atlanta, GA. |
The Northern
Engraving Corporation (NEC) site is located in Sparta, Monroe
County, Wisconsin. Groundwater on the
site is contaminated with copper, chromium, iron, zinc,
nickel, and fluoride, some at levels which
could pose a public health threat if the groundwater from the
site is used for drinking or other consumption purposes. An
assessment of the health threat posed by contaminants in residential
wells was not possible because the data for these items were
either incomplete or unavailable. The major contaminants found
in groundwater at the NEC site were reported at the following
maximum levels: copper, 1.23 mg/l; nickel, 4.33 mg/l; aluminum,
5.3 mg/l; iron, 11.25 mg/l; and fluoride,
78.73 mg/l. Organics analysis on groundwater samples
collected at the site found trace levels of vinyl chloride;
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene and bromodichloromethane were present
in one well (monitoring Well B). Under present conditions, the
site does not appear to pose a significant public health risk.
Final rept. |
NTIS/PB87-227047
125p |
1987.
Prevention Reference Manual: Chemical Specific. Volume 1.
Control of Accidental Releases of Hydrogen Fluoride (SCAQMD)
(South Coast Air Quality Management District).
Authors:
Davis DS
DeWolf GB
Quass JD
Radian
Corp.,
Austin, TX.
Supporting
Agency: Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
Lab. |
The manual
summarizes technical information that will assist in identifying
and controlling hydrogen fluoride release hazards specific to
the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) of
southern California. The SCAQMD has considered a strategy for
reducing the risk of a major accidental air release of toxic
chemicals. The strategy includes monitoring the storage, handling,
and use of certain chemicals and provides guidance to industry
and communities. Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, a corrosive liquid
that boils at room temperature, rapidly absorbs moisture to
form highly corrosive hydrofluoric acid. Hydrogen
fluoride gas has an IDLH (immediately dangerous to life and
health) concentration of 20 ppm, which makes it a substantial
acute toxic hazard. Reducing the risk associated with
an accidental release of hydrogen fluoride involves identifying
some of the potential causes of accidental releases that apply
to the processes that use hydrogen fluoride in the SCAQMD. The
manual identifies [abstract truncated] |
| Order
Number: NTIS/AD-A187 292/8
7p |
1987.
Effects
of Sodium Fluoride on Uptake of T-2 Mycotoxin in Cultured
Cells,
Authors:
Trusal LR
Martin LJ
Army
Medical Research Inst. of Infectious Diseases, Fort
Detrick, MD. |
The
authors examined the effect of sodium fluoride on
uptake of tritium-labeled T-2 toxin (molecules of toxin/cell)
in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and African green monkey kidney
(VERO) cells. Correlations were made to temperature (22 and
37 C) and toxin concentration (0.001 and 0.01 ug/ml) over time
(0-180 min). As expected, toxin uptake increased in uptake increased
in both cell types with increasing time and temperature. VERO
cells exhibited significant (P<0.05) increases in the rate
(i.e. slope) of toxin uptake under all parameters, while the
rate of toxin uptake in both cell types was generally greater
at 37 C. compared to 22 C. The rate of equilibrium was affected
by both temperature and sodium fluoride. At 37 C toxin uptake
plateaued by 30 min in the presence of sodium fluoride. At 22
C the rate of toxin update was slower, with or without sodium
fluoride present. Statistical analysis of individual time points
along the curve demonstrated that sodium
fluoride significantly increased cel [abstract truncated]
|
| NTIS/AD-A187
062/5
36p |
1986.
Uptake
of T-2 Mycotoxin in Cultured Cells. Relationship to Sodium
Fluoride and Cell Type,
Authors:
Trusal LR
Martin LJ
Army
Medical Research Inst. of Infectious Diseases, Fort
Detrick, MD. |
The authors
examined the effect of sodium fluoride on uptake of tritium-labeled
T-2 toxin (molecules/cell) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and
African green monkey kidney (VERO) cells. Correlations were
made to temperature and toxin concentration over time. As expected,
toxin uptake increased in both cell types with increasing time
and temperature. Under all parameters, VERO cells exhibited
significant increases in the rate of toxin uptake. The rate
of equilibrium was affected by both temperature and sodium fluoride.
Statistical analysis of individual time points along the curve
demonstrated that sodium fluoride significantly increased cell-associated
toxin at most time points. Analysis of the slopes of
uptake curves from 0 to 20 min indicated significant (p<0.05)
differences in the rates of T-2 uptake in both cell types and
toxin doses in the presence of sodium fluoride. The increase
in toxin uptake in the presence of sodium fluoride was not due
to altered cell membrane permeability caused by [abstract truncated]
|
NTIS/PB87-204954
30p |
1987.
Health
Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 84-496-1766, Applied
Plastics, Slocum, Rhode Island,
Authors:
Keenlyside RA
House LA
Stoekel M
Durand JM
National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazard Evaluations and Technical Assistance Branch. |
In response
to a request from the owners of Applied Plastics, Inc. (SIC-3079),
Slocum, Rhode Island, an investigation was made of possible
cases of polymer fume fever among workers complaining of fever,
chills, fatigue, shortness of breath, nausea, musculoskeletal
pain and headache. Urinary fluoride (16984-48-8)
levels measured in preshift samples ranged from 0.3 milligrams/gram
(mg/g) to 1.5 mg/g and from 0.2 mg/g to 1.0 mg/g in postshift
samples. Breathing zone samples showed low levels of
toluene (108883) and most had a trace amount of hexane equivalents.
All levels of toxic substances were well below permissible exposure
limits. The authors conclude that even though the environmental
and medical studies did not demonstrate high exposure levels
or absorption of fumes, workers did demonstrate sometimes incapacitating
symptoms of polymer fume fever. Based on this, the authors recommend
changes in work practices, improved ventilation, closer attention
to no smoking policies, and improved personal |
NTIS/PB88-159967
55p |
1987.
Superfund
Record of Decision (EPA Region 4): Palmetto
Wood Preserving, Dixiana, Lexington County, South Carolina,
(First Remedial Action), September 1987.
Environmental
Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. |
The Palmetto
Wood Preserving (PWP) Site is located
in the rural community of Dixiana, South Carolina. The 5-acre
site is a decommissioned wood preserving facility which operated
between 1963 and 1985. PWP began operating
in 1963 using a fluoride-chromate arsenate-phenol (FCAP) and
an acid-copper-chromate (ACC) process. In 1980, Eastern
Forest Products took over and switched to a chromate-copper-arsenate
(CCA) process. Operations consisted of impregnating wood with
a CCA solution under high pressure, and allowing the wood to
drip-dry under normal conditions. Beginning in December 1981,
the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control
(SCDHEC) received complaints of green liquids running off the
PWP site during heavy rainfall. Subsequent soil sampling conducted
by SCDHEC indicated the presence of high concentrations of chromium.
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and dinitrophenol residues were also
detected. Well water sampling showed no evidence of contamination.
In April 1983, a private w [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB88-220983
162p
Portions
of this document are not fully legible. |
1987.
Superfund
Record of Decision (EPA Region 8): Central
Citylear Creek, Colorado (First Remedial Action), September
1987.
Environmental
Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. |
The focus
is on five abandoned mines/tunnels proximal to the cities of
Idaho Springs, Black Hawk and Central City and the influence
of acid mine drainage from those tunnels on adjacent stream
courses. Surface water contamination results from acid mine
drainage emanating from the five tunnels and from seepage of
ground water through tailings piles both proximal to these tunnels
and along stream courses. Approximately 1,200 lbs per day of
dissolved and suspended metals are discharged to the Clear Creek
drainage from the five mine tunnels. These dissolved and suspended
metal loadings have resulted in a significant depletion of aquatic
life and have potential impact to sediments and downstream users
of surface and ground water. There are
ten contaminants of concern including aluminum, arsenic,
cadmium, chromium, copper, fluoride, lead,
manganese, nickel, silver and zinc. Interim remedies are described.
Final rept. |
NTIS/DE88001369
Portions
of this document are illegible in microfiche products.
93p |
1987.
Hydrofluoric
Acid Spill Area: Environmental Information Document.
Authors:
Huber LA
Bledsoe HW
Savannah
River Lab., Aiken, SC.
Supporting
Agency: Department of Energy,
Washington, DC. |
The
Hydrofluoric Acid Spill Area is located in the Central Shops
Area of the Savannah River Plant (SRP).
It is uncertain if a spill occurred at this site or if contaminated
soil or containers were buried here. Soil cores from the Hydrofluoric
Acid Spill Area have not been collected or analyzed. Four groundwater
monitoring wells were installed around the spill area in 1984
and have been sampled quarterly since early 1985. The potential
impacts of lead and fluoride were assessed because of their
measured groundwater concentrations. The closure options considered
for the Hydrofluoric Acid Spill Area are waste removal and closure,
no waste removal and closure, and no action. The predominant
pathways for human exposure to chemical and/or radioactive constituents
are through surface, subsurface, and atmospheric transport.
Modeling calculations were made to determine the risk to human
population via these general pathways for the three postulated
closure options. An ecological assessment was conducted [abstract
truncated] |
NTIS/NTN87-0745
1p |
1987.
Removal
of Hydrofluoric Acid from Gas Streams by Solid Sorbents.
Department
of Energy, Washington, DC. |
This citation
summarizes a one-page announcement of technology available for
utilization. Removal of hydrofluoric acid
(HF) vapor from vent gas streams by reaction with solid, calcium-based
sorbents has been investigated as an alternative to wet scrubbing
(the standard technique). The dry process has the potential
advantage of producing the same end product as the wet technique-calcium
fluoride-without having the necessity of the intermediate aqueous
slurry. The gas stream studied consisted of HF, water, and nitrogen.
Limestone, marble, and quicklime were investigated as potential
solid sorbents; only the quicklime was found to be satisfactory.
Using quicklime particles slaked in a packed-bed reactor, nearly
total HF removal was achieved with 90% calcium utilization efficiency.
The current study results are based on benchscale testing
using a one-inch-diameter packed-bed reactor. Potential uses
include scrubbing of acidic vent gas streams. The technique
is easily applied to small gas streams, pa |
NTIS/TIB/A94-02538
274p |
1987.
(Biological
methods for measuring air pollution effects for immission
control approval procedures. Final report).
Author:
Kostka-Rick R
Umweltbundesamt,
Berlin (Germany, F.R.). |
To establish
biological testing methods of air pollutants within the scope
of immission control approval procedures, bioindicator plants
should be tested for their applicability and their evidence
in routine cases. For this, over a period of three years, accumulative
and reactive indicator plants were applied in the vicinity of
fluoride-emitting source, for realizing knowledge, relevant
for practice about the conditions of cultivation and exposure
of the monitorplants, as well as methods of measuring and evaluation
of the visual air pollution effects. The
fluoride-content in grass (grass-exposure method) and the increasing-rate
of leaf necrosis of sensitive gladiolus plants (var. Snow Princess)
are strictly correlated with the immission-load-parameters of
F-immissions-rate (SAM-method) and F-deposition-rate, when the
observation periods were considered separately or at longer
term average of one or more years. The individual development
of the indicator plants, weather conditions and, rather dis
[abstract truncated] |
NTIS/OTS0515792
EPA/OTS;
Doc #86-870001716 |
1987.
GROUNDWATER
QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF WASTE POND AREA AND BACKGROUND CONDITIONS
DAMES
& MOORE |
ALLIED SIGNAL INC
PHENOL (108-95-2)
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
MONITORING
15 CAS
Nos. including
16984-48-8
(Fluoride ion) |
NTIS/OTS0517105
EPA/OTS;
Doc #86-870002016 |
1987.
PHASE
II - HYDROGEOLOGICAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT - WASTE DISPOSAL FACILITIES
D'APPOLONIA
CONSULTING ENG |
Too
many CAS Nos.; however, included is
16984-48-8
(Fluoride ion) |
NTIS/AD-A183
698/0
199p |
1987.
Field
Applicable Method to Reduce Dental Emergencies.
Authors:
Tinanoff N
Camosci D
Manwell M
Connecticut
Univ. Health Center,
Farmington. |
In vitro
experiments have shown that twice daily exposure of S. mutans
to various fluoride salts has shown that only SnF2 significantly
alters this organisms growth and metabolism. The antibacterial
effect of SnF2 was associated with an uptake of tin into the
bacteria. Fluoride salts of sodium, lead, zinc, and copper had
little effect in the test system. The pH of the various fluoride
salts generally had no effect on the test compound activity
except for the noted inactivation of SnF2 at elevated pH's.
Since SnF4 also did not affect the growth of metabolism of S.
mutans, a unique property of SnF2, possibly its reactivity in
an aqueous environment, may be responsible for its antibacterial
properties. Stannous fluoride was compared to NaF (5 ppm F-)
in the drinking water of hamsters to test whether SnF2 had greater
caries inhibitory effects due to its potential antibacterial
effects. The number of enamel and dentinal carious lesions in
both the NaF and SnF2 group was significantly different from
t [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/AD-A182
108/1
475p |
1987.
Migration
of Hazardous Substances through Soil. Part 3. Flue-Gas Desulfurization
and Fly-Ash Wastes.
Authors:
Houle MJ
Long DE
Weatherhead DC
Bell RE
Ricks GK
Army
Dugway Proving Ground, UT. |
The
Flue-Gas Desulfurization (FGD) wastes contained high concentrations
of boron
and fluoride and moderate amounts
of arsenic, chromium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc. The beryllium
and cadmium were low and mercury and selenium were very low
or not detected. The fly-ash (FA) wastes
contain substantial concentrations of boron, chromium,
copper, fluoride, lead, nickel,
and zinc. The cadmium content was low and beryllium was found
in low to moderate concentrations. Mercury was not detected
in the FA wastes. Boron and fluoride were
found in high concentrations on the FGD supernatant liquor.
Except for lead which was present in low concentrations, the
other elements of interest were found in very low concentrations
or were not detected. Other elements, such as calcium, potassium,
and sodium were found in very high concentrations in the supernatant
liquor. The magnesium concentration was low (compared to the
other alkaline metals and earths) in most of the FGD waste samples.
It was concluded that thes [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/DE88752846
29p |
1987.
Some
Observations of Effects from Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
(PAH) and Fluoride in Norwegian Marine Recipients of Aluminium
Smelter Waste.
Author:
Knutzen J
Norsk
Inst. for Vannforskning, Oslo. |
Observations
in Norwegian marine recipients of aluminium smelter waste have
only shown marked ecological effects in the near zone (<
1 km) of scrubber effluents or in the vicinity of deposits rich
in PAH and fluoride. However, 1-3 orders of magnitude excess
concentrations of PAH in mussels, snails and seaweeds have been
observed at distances more than 20 km from the sources, thus
imposing restrictions on aquaculture in a considerable fjord
area. Fluoride concentrations about 5
times the normal level have been observed in seaweeds exposed
to less than the double natural fluoride content of water.
No significant contamination was recorded in limpets. 10 drawings,
4 tables, 31 references. (ERA citation 13:037817) |
NTIS/PB88-198486
19p |
1987.
Fletton Brickworks Ambient Air Fluoride Study: Technical Assessment,
Author:
Irwin JG
Warren
Spring Lab., Stevenage (England). |
A
two-year study conducted by Aston University has produced a
valuable data set of daily airborne fluoride concentrations
in the surroundings of the Bedfordshire brickfields. The
sampling methodology was subjected to a number of independent
checks to ensure the quality of the data. Airborne fluoride
concentrations in the Marston Vale have been mapped and the
relationships with brick production, meteorology and fluoride
concentration in herbage examined. There is evidence of a reduction
in concentrations in recent years. Concentrations during the
study met air quality standards adopted by countries within
the European Community on both daily and longer time scales.
(Copyright (c) Crown Copyright 1987.) |
NTIS/PB89-177786
North
American Continent sales only.
32p |
1987.
NIWR (National Institute for Water Research) Interlaboratory
Comparison Studies Nos 83-87/B: Conclusions.
Author:
Smith R
National
Inst. for Water Research, Pretoria (South Africa). |
The third
of the National Institute for Water Research's (NIWR) series
of interlaboratory comparison studies involving southern African
laboratories engaged in water and waste-water analysis has been
completed. The program consisted of 11 major studies, involving
the analysis of drinking, waste and synthetic waters, as well
as a river sediment and a sewage sludge, for a total of 48 different
determinants. The major studies determined the following: (1)
trace metals in river sediment; (2) inorganic chemical contaminants
and nutrients in sewage sludge; (3) volatile halogenated hydrocarbons
in water; (4) major cations and anions; (5) nutrients; (6) physical
properties; (7) organic parameters; (8) trace metals; (9) cyanide,
bromide, fluoride, boron and silica; (10) soap, oil and grease;
and (11) various anions by ion chromatography. Two follow-up
studies, involving the analysis of synthetic and waste water
for (a) calcium, magnesium, and total hardness by EDTA titration,
and (b) phenols were also pe [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB89-177794
North
American Continent sales only.
52p |
1987.
NIWR (National Institute for Water Research) Interlaboratory
Comparison Study No. 87: Determination of Soap, Oil and Grease
and NIWR Interlaboratory Comparison Study No. 87/B: Determination
of Various Anions by Ion Chromatography. Evaluation of Results.
Authors:
Smith R
Paxton AV
National
Inst. for Water Research, Pretoria (South Africa). |
Studies
87 and 87/B formed part of the National Institute for Water
Research's (NIWR) series of interlaboratory comparison studies
involving southern African laboratories engaged in water and
waste-water analysis, and are concerned with (a) the analysis
of two wastewater samples for soap, oil and grease, and (b)
the analysis, by means of ion chromatography, of two synthetic
water, two tap water and two secondary sewage effluent samples
for chloride, fluoride, bromide, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate
and nitrite. Results from study no. 87/A highlighted the difficulty
in obtaining adequately reliable results, using gravimetric
methods, on samples with concentrations of soap, oil and grease
around the maximum level of 2.5 mg/l of the General Standard
of the Department of Water Affairs Regional Standard for Industrial
Effluents. Consideration of the infrared technique for the determination
of this parameter is recommended. Results from study no. 87/B
showed ion chromatography to be acceptable for the de [abstract
truncated] |
NTIS/DE87010911
Paper
copy only, copy does not permit microfiche production.
65p |
1987.
Investigation Report: Toxic Gas Release from the beta-gamma
Incinerator at the Savannah River Plant on
December 9, 1986.
Department
of Energy, Aiken, SC. Savannah River Operations Office. |
On December
9, 1986, a scheduled functional test of the Halon fire suppression
system in the Feed Lag Storage Area (FLA) of the BGI facility
was initiated by manually activating the Halon system. Interlocks
that shutdown ventilation in the FLA operated as designed, and
the 756-lb charge of Halon 1301 was released into the FLA as
intended. Normal building air flow designed to minimize spread
of contamination, plus a momentary increase in pressure in the
FLA resulting from the discharge of Halon, caused an estimated
450 lb of Halon to enter the adjacent process room through a
number of small openings in the sheetmetal separating wall.
About 240 lb of the Halon was drawn into
the incinerator where it thermally decomposed into hydrogen
fluoride and bromine. These gases were discharged through the
incinerator stack. About 10:20 a.m., some employees, working
approximately 1500 ft downwind, began to experience eye and
respiratory irritation. An orange-yellow plume was observed
to be coming from the BGI [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/DE87009465
Portions
of this document are illegible in microfiche products.
Original
copy available until stock is exhausted.
124p |
1987. Groundwater
Chemistry at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, and Vicinity.
Author:
Kerrisk JF
Los
Alamos National Lab., NM. |
The chemistry
of groundwater at Yucca Mountain and vicinity has been reviewed
and compared with the chemistry of water from the Nevada Test
Site and surrounding areas such as the Amargosa Desert and Oasis
Valley. Sodium is the primary cation and carbonate is the primary
anion in water from the saturated zone of the tuffaceous aquifer
at Yucca Mountain. Other major cations present are calcium,
potassium, and magnesium; other major anions are sulfate and
chloride, with lesser quantities of fluoride
and nitrate. Aqueous silica is also present. The primary purpose
of this review was to survey water-composition data and look
for relations among the compositional variables that could provide
insight into the processes that control the composition and
would ultimately affect radionuclide transport. The following
conclusions were inferred from the review. Major cation concentrations
are controlled by rock dissolution and mineral precipitation
reactions as well as by cation exchange with existing mineral
[abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB87-183596
10p |
1987.
Preliminary
Survey Report: Control Technology for Gallium Arsenide Processing
at Microwave Semiconductor Corporation,
Somerset, New Jersey,
Authors:
Lenihan KL
Sheehy JW
National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.
Engineering Control Technology Branch. |
The technology
available to control hazardous substances in gallium-arsenide
(1303000) applications is reviewed and evaluated in light of
findings from a visit to the Microwave Semiconductor Corporation
(SIC-3674) in Somerset, New Jersey. The facility has 500 employees,
64 in the gallium-arsenide technical staff. Direct ion implantation
or epitaxial growth, photolithography, plasma etching, and backside
wafer processing are used at the facility to fabricate a gallium-arsenide
wafer. Hazards exist primarily in the numerous solvents, acids,
and gases employed in wafer production. These include chlorobenzene
(108907), methanol (67561), methyl-ethyl-ketone (78933), methyl-isobutyl-ketone
(108101), ammonia (7664417), and silane (7803625). The use of
arsine (7784421) gas will soon begin at the facility, which
will also be hazardous to employees due to its extremely toxic
properties. An environmental engineer tests for 70 hazardous
chemicals in the work area, including
hydrogen-fluoride (7664-39-3), cyan [abstract truncated]
|
NTIS/PB87-232948
28p |
1987.
Health Hazard Evaluation Report HETA 84-488-1793, J.
R. Simplot Company, Pocatello, Idaho,
Authors:
Apol AG
Singal M
National
Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazard Evaluations and Technical Assistance Branch. |
In response
to a request from the Oil, Chemical and Atomic Workers International
Union, a health hazard evaluation was conducted at the J. R.
Simplot Company (SIC-2874), Pocatello, Idaho, concerning exposures
to acid mists, ammonia (7664417), fluorides, nitrogen-dioxide
(10102440) (NO2), free silica (7631869), and sulfur-dioxide
(7446095) (SO2). A medical and occupational history questionnaire
completed by 74 men indicated that 30 percent had eye or upper
respiratory complaints at least 1 to 2 days/week, and 17 percent
had such complaints on most days. No relationship was found
between chronic cough, chronic bronchitis or shortness of breath
and length of employment. Some samples
for ammonia, hydrogen-fluoride
(7664-39-3), phosphoric-acid (7664382), sulfuric-acid
(7664939), and SO2 exceeded the respective
NIOSH recommended exposure limits (REL). The REL for
free silica was also exceeded, but exposed workers wore respirators.
The authors conclude that workers are overexposed to ammonia,
hydrogen-fl [abstract
truncated] |
NTIS/PB88-185244
6p
Pub.
in Jnl. of American Water Works Association v79 n10 p81-84
Oct 87. |
1987.
Controlling Arsenic, Fluoride, and Uranium by Point-of-Use
Treatment.
Authors:
Fox KR
Sorg TJ
Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research
Lab. |
Arsenic
and other inorganic contaminants are found in the water supplies
of many small communities. One possible solution for the problem
of inorganic contaminants is point-of-use treatment, which can
be used by individual homes or small communities.
Ion exchange, activated alumina, and reverse osmosis point-of-use
treatment units have been evaluated by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, and each system was found to be effective
under certain operating conditions. Data from various field
projects are presented, along with laboratory data on the removal
of specific contaminants. Journal article, |
NTIS/PB89-120133
12p |
1986.
Comparative
Toxicity of Six Test Chemicals to Lettuce Using Two Root Elongation
Test Methods (Journal Version).
Authors:
Ratsch HC
Johndro D
Corvallis
Environmental Research Lab., OR. |
Lettuce
(Lactuca sativa L., cv buttercrunch) was used to evaluate and
compare the results from two different root elongation phytotoxicity
test methods with the same six test substances. Seeds were either
germinated in the dark on an inclined filter paper substrate
with one end immersed in test solution or germinated in 0.1
strength nutrient solution with a 16 hr light period in a glass
bulb mixed and aerated with compressed air. Sodium
fluoride, monosodium methanearsonate and monuron reduced
lettuce root length at similar concentrations for both methods;
with cadmium chloride and 2,4-D root inhibition occurred at
concentrations approximately one order of magnitude smaller
in the solution culture method than in the substrate method.
Two orders of magnitude difference were observed between the
two methods for silver nitrate. The results indicate that the
solution method is at least as sensitive for all the chemicals
tested and much more sensitive for some. Journal article, Pub.
in Environmental [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/DE88705128
U.S. Sales
Only.
167p |
1986.
Comparison
of the Rationale Used in Setting Occupational Exposure Standards
for Ionizing Radiation and Hazardous Chemical Substances.
Author:
Halton DM
Atomic
Energy Control Board, Ottawa (Ontario). |
Ten
chemicals which create significant occupational hazard are reviewed.
They are
toluene diisocyanate, hydrogen fluoride,
n-hexane, carbon disulphide, cadmium, inorganic mercury, cobalt,
nitroglycerol, silica and vinyl chloride. Each is discussed
under the headings of physiological intake and elimination in
humans, characteristics of acute and chronic toxicity, sites
of occupational exposure and rationale for limits of such exposure.
Since radioactive substances yield ionizing radiation as the
common hazard the treatment of the current permissible levels
of exposure is somewhat simpler. Having set out industrial standards
for exposure to hazardous substances and radionuclides, a detailed
comparison is made. Exposure limits to ioninzing radiation are
sufficiently low to remove the appearance of directly related
injury. It is expected however that low level exposure may have
a stochastic effect, that is, there is the possibility of a
slightly increased incidence of neoplasms in a large exposed
po [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB87-102547
110p |
1986.
Effect
of Severe Dental Fluorosis on the Oral Health of Adults.
Authors:
Eklund SA
Burt BA
Ismail AI
Calderone JJ
Michigan
Univ., Ann Arbor. School of Public Health.
New Mexico Health and Environment Dept., Santa Fe. |
The purpose
of the study was to measure the prevalence and distribution
of a series of oral health measures in lifelong adult residents
of two New Mexico communities. One community, Deming, had a
natural fluoride concentration of approximately 0.7 mg/l in
its drinking water, optimum for its climate. The other community,
Lordsburg, was naturally fluoridated at
approximately 3.5 mg/l, five times optimum. Dental examinations
were conducted on 187 adults in Lordsburg and 189 adults in
Deming. The results of the investigation, while confirming the
cosmetic effects of fluorosis, do not give any obvious support
to the need for the fluoride levels in Lordsburg to be reduced.
While on some of the aspects measured one community or the other
is slightly better off, it is fair to say that none of the differences
are of great consequence. The slight advantages with respect
to root caries and coronal caries that the residents of Lordsburg
enjoy are not enough to recommend higher levels of fluoride.
On the oth [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB87-178380
45p |
1986.
Marion County Solid Waste-to-Energy
Facility Boilers 1 and 2. Air Emissions Source
Test Report.
Ogden
Projects, Inc.,
Emeryville, CA.
Sponsored
by Oregon State Dept. of Environmental
Quality, Salem, and Ogden Martin
Systems of Marion, Inc., Brooks, OR. |
The report
presents the results of source testing conducted at the Ogden
Martin Systems of Marion, Inc., facility in Marion County, Oregon.
The 550 tons-per-day facility has two municipal solid waste-fired
boilers, each equipped with dry acid gas scrubbing equipment
and a baghouse. Source testing was conducted at the stack for
nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, total suspended
particulate, volatile organic compounds, lead, beryllium, mercury,
chlorides, fluoride, and tetra
through octa-chlorodibenzo-o-dixons and -chlorodibenzofurans.
Executive summary. |
NTIS/DE87004968
5p |
1986.
Action of Tumor Initiators and Promoters in the Syrian Hamster
Embryo Cell Transformation Assay.
Authors:
Jones CA
Huberman E
Argonne
National Lab., IL.
Supporting
Agency: Department of Energy,
Washington, DC. |
The Syrian
hamster embryo (SHE) cell transformation assay is unique among
the rodent fibroblast transformation systems in that it uses
normal, diploid cells. Alteration in the control of growth in
carcinogen-treated cultures is used to indicate the onset of
neoplastic development. An evaluation of the SHE assay for screening
carcinogens is reported. Using coded chemicals, the degree of
intra- and interlaboratory reproducibility with the system was
evaluated. Overall, there was a good qualitative correlation
between the carcinogenicity of the chemicals and their ability
to induce morphological cell transformation. Unfortunately,
the low level of response and lack of good dose-response relationships
with certain chemical are still major constraints to the use
of this system in routine testing. Further consideration needs
to be given to developing procedures that select for, or amplify,
expression of the transformed phenotype. 9 refs., 2 figs., 1
tab. (ERA citation 12:023689) Annual DOE contractor
Keywords:
Benzopyrene
Cholecalciferol
Pyrene
Sodium Fluorides |
NTIS/DE86011327,
Portions
of this document are illegible in microfiche products.
21p |
1986.
Fluoride Levels in Vegetation in the Vicinity of the Portsmouth
Gaseous Diffusion Plant. Final Report.
Author:
Jackson DR
Battelle
Columbus Labs.,
OH.
Supporting
Agency: Goodyear Atomic Corp.,
Piketon, OH
Department of Energy, Washington,
DC. |
Battelle
initiated a survey of vegetation samples at new and established
sites in the vicinity of the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffision Plant.
Forty-nine vegetation samples were collected and analyzed for
fluoride. Three samples from inside the plant boundaries contained
fluoride in concentrations great enough to be of concern to
grazing livestock (>40 ppm). All other samples were below
the action level. Fluoride concentrations
in vegetation reported by Battelle were somewhat greater than
identical samples analyzed by GAT. This differences may be accounted
for by the fact that GAT rinsed their samples prior to the analysis
for fluoride while Battelle did not. Battelles' samples were
not washed because fluoride containing particulates on the surface
of vegetation can be readily ingested by livestock and may contribute
to the total amount of fluoride absorbed by the livestock.
Results of the vegetational survey were not correlated with
the deposition pattern modeled by Battelle. Apparently, levels
o [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB87-166195
86p |
1986.
Risk Assessment of Exposure to Radium and Fluoride in Illinois
Public Water Supplies,
Author:
Hallenbeck WH
Illinois
Univ.
at Chicago Circle. |
In June
of 1985, the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency petitioned
the Illinois Pollution Control Board to suspend the restricted
status of certain communities until January 1, 1989. The effect
of this proposal would be to raise the Maximum Allowable Concentrations
(MAC) of fluoride from 1.8-2.0 mg/1 to 4 mg/1, and combined
radium from 5 to 20 pCi/1. The overall objective of the report
was to assess the potential health impacts of these proposed
changes in MACs. Pertinent literature and IPCB testimony were
evaluated, health impact models were constructed, and individual
risks and/or expected cases were calculated for each affected
community. There are 107 communities (680,912 people) in Illinois
whose water supplies exceed the present Illinois standard of
5 pCi/1 of combined radium. There are 46 communities (53,840
people) in Illinois whose water supplies exceed the present
Illinois standard of 1.8 to 2.0 mg/1 of fluoride. Sponsored
by Illinois Dept. of Energy and Natural Resources, Sprin [abstract
truncated] |
NTIS/PB86-247483
82p
Also available
from Supt. of Docs as SN003-003-02750-2. |
1986.
Methods and Procedures Used at the National Bureau of Standards
to Prepare, Analyze and Certify SRM (Standard Reference Material)
2694, Simulated Rainwater, and Recommendations for Use.
Author:
Koch WF
National
Bureau of Standards (NML), Gaithersburg, MD. Center for Analytical
Chemistry. |
The report
describes the development, preparation, analysis and certification
of Standard Reference Material, SRM 2694, Simulated Rain-water,
intended to aid in the analysis of acidic rainfall. Details
of the formulation and preparation of the two levels of solutions
(2694-I and 2694-II) are given, as well as those of the precursor
to the SRM, namely Research Material, RM 8409, Simulated Rainwater.
The analytical techniques used to measure the twelve components
in the solutions are described in detail. The data used in the
statistical evaluation of the results are summarized and the
recommended values for pH, specific conductance, acidity, fluoride,
chloride, nitrate, sulfate, sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium,
and magnesium are tabulated. The instability of ammonium ion
in acidic solutions is discussed. Recommendations for the use
of SRM 2694, particularly with regard to the measurement of
pH, are given. Final rept. |
| NTIS/DE86012032
6p |
1986.
Prediction of Critical Grout Parameters: Critical Flow Rate.
Authors:
Tallent OK
McDaniel EW
Godsey TT
Dodson KE
Oak
Ridge National Lab., TN.
Supporting
Agency: Department of Energy,
Washington, DC. |
Waste disposal
is rapidly becoming one of the most important technological
endeavors of our time and fixation of waste in cement-based
materials is an important part of the endeavor. Investigations
of given wastes are usually individually conducted and reported.
In this study, data obtained from investigation of critical
flow rates for three distinctly different wastes are correlated
with apparent viscosity data via a single empirical equation.
Critical flow rate, which is an important variable in waste
grout work, is defined as the flow rate at which a grout must
be pumped through a reference pipe to obtain turbulent flow.
It is important that the grout flow be turbulent since laminar
flow allows caking on pipe walls and causes eventual plugging.
The three wastes used in this study can be characterized as
containing: (1) high nitrate, carbonate, and sulfate; (2)
high phosphate; and (3) high fluoride, ammonium, and suspended
solids waste. The measurements of apparent viscosity
(grouts are non-Ne |
NTIS/NUREG-1189-V2
425p |
1986.
Assessment of the Public Health Impact from the Accidental
Release of UF6 at the Sequoyah Fuels Corporation Facility
at Gore, Oklahoma, Docket No. 40-8027, License No.
SUB-1010. Appendices.
Nuclear
Regulatory Commission,
Washington, DC. |
Following
the accidental release of UF6 from the
Sequoyah Fuels Facility on January 4, 1986, an Ad Hoc
Interagency Public Health Assessment Task Force was established.
The Task Force consists of technical staff members from various
agencies who have prepared this assessment of the public health
impact associated with the accidental release. The assessment
is based on data from the accident available as of February
14, 1986, and describes the chemical and radiological effects
from the intake of uranium and fluoride.
Volume 2 of the report consists of Appendices which provide
more detailed information used in the assessment. |
NTIS/PB86-194420
112p |
1986.
Investigation of the Formation of a Portland Cement Plant
Detached Plume,
Authors:
Cheney JL
Knapp KT
Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric
Sciences Research Lab. |
A gaseous
and particulate source emissions sampling program has been conducted
at a Portland Cement production plant in Rapid City South Dakota.
The study was conducted to determine the cause of the formation
of an opaque detached plume from the plants' dry process kiln.
The instack opacity of the emissions was less than 10 percent
while the opacity of the plume five to ten stack diameters from
the mouth of the stack was in excess of 40 percent, thus giving
an appearance of a detached plume. The sampling and analysis
program included particulate emissions measurements, particle
sizing and composition, and measurements of gaseous and particle
ammonia, chloride, fluoride, and
sulfur dioxide. Extensive process materials sampling and analysis
were also conducted. Based on the resulting data one conclusion
is that the opaque detached plume is the result of ammonium
chloride particles formed by the reaction of gaseous ammonia
and hydrochloric acid. It was also found that the ammonia in
the cement plan [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/02010171
6p |
1986.
Thermally stimulated depolarization currents in the natural
fluorite.
Author:
Valerio MEG
Sao
Paulo Univ., SP (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica. |
THESIS.
Portuguese.
The present work deals with natural calcium
fluoride from Criciuma, Santa Catarina. Thermally Stimulated
Depolarization Currents (TSDC) can be used to determine the
properties of dipole defects present in this crystal. The TSDC
spectrum of this material shows three bands in the temperature
range of 80 to 450 K. The first one, at 130 K, is due the dipoles
formed by a trivalent impurity and an interstitial fluorine
ion in the next nearest position of an impurity ion (nn R(sub
s)(sup 3+) -F(sub i)(sup -)). The second one, at 102 k, is due
to the presence of small aggregates of dipoles (like a dimer).
The last band, at 360 k is due to the formation of Large Clusters.
The continuous distribution model gave the best fit for these
bands with mean activation energies of 0.41 eV, 0.595 eV and
1.02 eV for the first, second and third band respectively. Thermal
treatments can modify the number of dipoles, dimers and clusters
present in the crystal. The variation in the areas under each
band can be used to measure this effect. In this work we used
thermal treatments between 15 minutes and 10 hours and temperatures
between 200 deg C and 500 deg C. For thermal treatments at 300
deg C, the dipoles and dimers are created and the clusters are
destroyed as the time of thermal treatment increases. At 400
deg C the clusters are created and the dipoles and dimers and
350 deg C for the clusters. (author) 60 refs., 41 figs., 1 tab. |
NTIS/NUREG-1179-V1
145p |
1986.
Rupture of Model 48Y UF sub 6 Cylinder and Release of Uranium
Hexafluoride, Sequoyah Fuels Facility, Gore,
Oklahoma, January 4, 1986,
Authors:
Smith RD
Cain CL
Chappell R
Nuclear
Regulatory Commission,
Washington, DC. |
At 11:30
a.m. on January 4, 1986, a Model 48Y UF6 cylinder filled with
uranium hexafluoride (UF6) ruptured while it was being heated
in a steam chest at the Sequoyah Fuels Conversion Facility near
Gore, Oklahoma. One worker died because
he inhaled hydrogen fluoride fumes, a reaction product
of UF6 and airborne moisture. Several other workers were injured
by the fumes, but none seriously. Much
of the facility complex and some offsite areas to the south
were contaminated with hydrogen fluoride and a second reaction
product, uranyl fluoride. The interval of release was
approximately 40 minutes. The cylinder, which had been overfilled,
ruptured while it was being heated because of the expansion
of UF6 as it changed from the solid to the liquid phase. The
maximum safe capacity for the cylinder is 27,560 pounds of product.
Evidence indicates that it was filled with an amount exceeding
this limit. |
NTIS/PB87-231882
35p |
1986.
Near Field Atmospheric Dispersions of Effluents Adjacent to
an Aluminium Refinery.
Authors:
Barnes RD
Watkins RD
Sydney
Univ. (Australia). School of Civil and Mining Engineering. |
The
prediction of dispersion, especially in nearer field areas,
of fluoride effluents from a mixture of low level line sources
and medium level stack sources does not seem readily amenable
to mathematical modeling, and wind tunnel model testing is likely
to be a more effective method.
The paper describes the procedures and results of on-site measurements
at Tomago Refinery near Newcastle, N.S.W., which will provide
data for checking the efficacy of wind tunnel modeling. Research
rept., |
| NTIS/DE86008702
Portions
of this document are illegible in microfiche products
17p |
1986.
Evaluation of the Validity and Statistical Variability of
Lithium and Fluoride Distribution Coefficient Values in a
Complex Geochemical System.
Authors:
Pavlik HF
Runnells DD
Colorado
Univ. at Boulder. Dept. of Geological Sciences. |
Predictive
modeling of solute transport requires accurate measurement or
estimation of geochemical adsorption and ion exchange parameters
for a given rock-fluid system. One such parameter is the distribution
coefficient (Kd) used to predict the rate of movement of dissolved
contaminant through soils and aquifers. The Kd describes the
partitioning of a dissolved species between a solid phase and
the aqueous solution in equilibrium with the solid phase. This
research presents a statistical evaluation of the validity of
the distribution coefficient to describe adsorption of lithium
and fluoride in a complex, natural rock-fluid system. The general
goal of the research was to generate Kd parameters appropriate
for simulating contaminant migration from oil shale waste disposal
sites planned for the Piceance Creek Basin
of western Colorado. Specific objectives were to: (1)
test the key assumptions that control valid application of the
Kd in any rock-fluid system. Included among these are the assumption
[abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB87-131629
166p |
1986.
Primary
Aluminum: Statistical Analysis of Potline Fluoride Emissions
and Alternate Sampling Frequency.
Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards. |
Statistical
analyses were performed on 4 years of fluoride emissions data
from a primary aluminum reduction plant. These
analyses were used to develop formulae and procedures for use
by regulatory agencies in determining alternate sampling frequencies
for secondary (roof monitor) emissions testing on a case-by-case
basis. Monitoring procedures for ensuring compliance even with
a reduced test frequency are also addressed.
Final rept. |
NTIS/AD-A168
314/3
460p |
1986.
Investigation of Source of Irritant Gas Produced by PATRIOT
Missile System Air Conditioners.
Authors:
Lawrence LG
Perkins GW
Tanner JD
VSE
Corp., Alexandria, VA. |
Reported
illnesses of persons working in PATRIOT Missile System equipment
shelters were investigated and found to have been caused by
exposure to Hydrolyzable Fluoride (HF).
PATRIOT mil spec 18,000 BTU Split-Package Air Conditioners (ACs)
produced HF when their heater rod Teflon grommets outgassed
upon being subjected to temperatures exceeding 400 F. A
PATRIOT Support Project Office retrofit program for series '80
and '81 ACs and engineering changes to series '82 and later
units eliminated the TFE grommets and solved the HF exposure
problem. Keywords: Ground support systems; Air conditioning
equipment; Tetrafluoroethylene resins; Hydrolyzable fluoride;
Plastic material outgassing. Final rept.
5 Apr 82-9 Dec 83, [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB93-199297
156p |
1986.
Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources. Volume
1. Introduction, Summary and Standards: A Compilation as of
December 31, 1985.
Author:
Zieleniewski J
PEI
Associates, Inc.,
Cincinnati, OH.
Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards. |
The
document provides the compliance standards for new stationary
air pollution sources. Acceptance levels
are given for sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, carbon
monoxide, nitrogen oxide, sulfuric acid, hydrogen sulfide,
fluoride, and other exhaust emissions.
Standards of performance given include those for steam generating
units, steel plants, pulp mills, glass manufacturing, grain
elevators, surface coating of metal furniture, gas turbines,
synthetic fiber production, dry cleaners, onshore natural
gas processing, Nonmetallic mineral processing, and fiberglass
insulation manufacturing. See also PB80-194913 |
NTIS/DE87752052
U.S.
Sales Only.
Portions
of this document are illegible in microfiche products.
26p |
1986.
Emissions
from a Fluidized Bed Boiler.
Authors:
Aamand LE
Johansson S
Karlsson M
Leckner B
Statens
Energiverk, Stockholm (Sweden). |
The present
study is undertaken to provide information on the gaseous emissions
from a commercial size stationary fluidized bed boiler (a boiler
with a fluidized bed run with little or no recirculation of
bed material from the flue gases). An additional purpose of
the study is to use the emission data for a comparison with
the emissions from a boiler with a circulating fluidized bed.
The two boilers are run with the same coal
and the same bed materials (sand and limestone). The
present report contains the results from the stationary bed
boiler. The emissions considered are those of sulphur and nitrogen
oxides. In addition, sampling of chloride, fluoride
and mercury has been made at single occasions. (ERA citation
12:031686) |
NTIS/DE90617556
U.S.
Sales Only.
107p |
1986.
(Somatic
mutations in Tradescantia as a model system for studying the
effects of the environmental agents).
Author:
Cebulska-Wasilewska A
Institute
of Nuclear Physics, Krakow (Poland). |
The application
of the plant model system for studying the biological effects
of ionizing radiation and chemical mutagens is presented. The
model system is based on the somatic mutation frequency in stamen
hair cells of Tradescantia clones heterosygous for flower color.
The interaction of chemical mutagens with radiation in the induction
of somatic mutations was investigated. The results demonstrate
the synergistic interaction between radiation and chemical mutagens
like ethyl methanesulfonate and di-bromoethane. The synergistic
effect is clearly manifested after combined treatment with radiation
and chemicals. In the low dose region the effect depends on
the radiation dose and chemical exposure. Other
results show the influence of the fluoride treatment on the
radiation effect. The fluoride treatment is likely to alter
the DNA double strand breaks repair processes. Additionally
the usefulness of the model system for studying the mutagenic
effectiveness of the pollution in the ambient air is pre [abstract
truncated] |
NTIS/NUREG-1189-V1
100p |
1986.
Assessment
of the Public Health Impact from the Accidental Release of
UF6 at the Sequoyah Fuels Corporation Facility at Gore,
Oklahoma, Docket No. 40-8027, License No. SUB-1010.
Main Report.
Nuclear
Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC. |
Following
the accidental release of UF6 from the Sequoyah Fuels Facility
on January 4, 1986,
an Ad Hoc Interagency Public Health Assessment Task Force was
established. The Task Force consists of technical staff members
from various agencies who have prepared this assessment of the
public health impact associated with the accidental release.
The assessment is based on data from the accident available
as of February 14, 1986, and describes
the chemical and radiological effects from the intake of uranium
and fluoride. Volume 1 of the report describes the effects from
the intake of uranium and fluoride and summaries the findings
and recommendations of the Task Force. See also NUREG-1189-V2. |
| NTIS/DE87014012
Portions
of this document are illegible in microfiche products. Original
copy available until stock is exhausted.
40p |
1986.
Inorganic
Solute Profiles of Waters Related to Rio Blanco Oil Shale
Project Retort 1.
Authors:
Poulson RE
Borg HM
University
of Wyoming Research Corp., Laramie. Western Research Inst. |
Water samples
were taken from the Rio Blanco oil shale project retort 1 site
approximately three- and one-half years after the shutdown of
the oil recovery phase. Intermittent flooding and pumpdown of
the retort occurred in the interval between shutdown and sampling
for this study. Waters from within the retort and from downgradient
and offsite locations were compared using a battery of analyses
for inorganic and general water quality parameters. Inorganic
solute species were selected as potential key indicator species
if the particular species concentration inside the retort was
greater than that outside the retort. Six
inorganic parameters were found to qualify as potential key
indicators for retort water migration from the site: potassium,
lithium, ammonia, fluoride, thiosulfate,
and boron. Except for ammonia, these indicators differ from
those selected by other researchers at other modified in situ
retorting sites. Ion chromatographic techniques were shown to
be applicable for five of the si [abstract truncated] |
NTIS/PB86-235652
37p |
1986.
North
Carolina Water Quality Standards Documentation: Toxicity of
Fluoride to Freshwater Biota.
North
Carolina Dept. of Natural Resources and Community Development,
Raleigh. Div. of Environmental Management. |
Keywords:
Fluorides
Toxicity
Fresh water biology |
|
