Lambda-cyhalothrin (Zeneca). Feb 13, 1998, Pesticide Tolerances. Final Rule. Federal Register.

FLUORIDE ACTION NETWORK PESTICIDE PROJECT

Lambda-cyhalothrin (Zeneca). February 13, 1998, Pesticide Tolerances. Final Rule. Federal Register.

http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/1998/February/Day-13/p3751.htm

[Federal Register: February 13, 1998 (Volume 63, Number 30)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Page 7291-7299]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr13fe98-12]

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 180

[OPP-300608; FRL-5767-7]
RIN 2070-AB78

Lambda-cyhalothrin; Pesticide Tolerances

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: This regulation establishes tolerances for the combined
residues of the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin and its epimer in or on
alfalfa forage at 5.0 parts per million (ppm); alfalfa hay at 6.0 ppm;
leaf lettuce at 2.0 ppm; brassica head and stem subgroup (broccoli,
Chinese broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, Chinese (napa) cabbage,
Chinese mustard, cauliflower, caval broccolo, and kohlrabi) at 0.4 ppm;
replaces the term ``grain dust'' with ``aspirated grain fractions''
with a tolerance of 2.0 ppm; and increases the tolerance for poultry
fat from 0.01 ppm to 0.03 ppm. Zeneca Ag Products requested these
tolerances under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), as
amended by the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 (Pub. L. 104-170).

DATES: This regulation is effective February 13, 1998. Objections and
requests for hearings must be received by EPA on or before April 14,
1998.

ADDRESSES: Written objections and hearing requests, identified by the
docket control number, [OPP-300608], must be submitted to: Hearing
Clerk (1900), Environmental Protection Agency, Rm. M3708, 401 M St.,
SW., Washington, DC 20460. Fees accompanying objections and hearing
requests shall be labeled ``Tolerance Petition Fees'' and forwarded to:
EPA Headquarters Accounting Operations Branch, OPP (Tolerance Fees),
P.O. Box 360277M, Pittsburgh, PA 15251. A copy of any objections and
hearing requests filed with the Hearing Clerk identified by the docket
control number, [OPP-300608], must also be submitted to: Public
Information and Records Integrity Branch, Information Resources and
Services Division (7506C), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental
Protection Agency, 401 M St., SW., Washington, DC 20460. In person,
bring a copy of objections and hearing requests to Rm. 119, CM #2, 1921
Jefferson Davis Hwy., Arlington, VA.
A copy of objections and hearing requests filed with the Hearing
Clerk may also be submitted electronically by

[[Page 7292]]

sending electronic mail (e-mail) to: opp-docket@epamail.epa.gov. Copies
of objections and hearing requests must be submitted as an ASCII file
avoiding the use of special characters and any form of encryption.
Copies of objections and hearing requests will also be accepted on
disks in WordPerfect 5.1/6.1 file format or ASCII file format. All
copies of objections and hearing requests in electronic form must be
identified by the docket control number [OPP-300608]. No Confidential
Business Information (CBI) should be submitted through e-mail.
Electronic copies of objections and hearing requests on this rule may
be filed online at many Federal Depository Libraries.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: By mail: Stephanie Willett,
Registration Division (7505C), Office of Pesticide Programs,
Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M St., SW., Washington, DC 20460.
Office location, telephone number, and e-mail address: Crystal Mall #2,
1921 Jefferson Davis Hwy., Arlington, VA, (703) 305-5419, e-mail:
willett.stephanie@epamail.epa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: In the Federal Register of July 11, 1997
(62 FR 37234-37246)(FRL-5728-7), EPA issued a notice pursuant to
section 408 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), 21
U.S.C. 346a(e) announcing the filing of pesticide petition (PP) number
5F4588 for lambda-cyhalothrin tolerances on alfalfa, leaf lettuce,
brassica subgroup, aspirated grain fractions, and an increase in the
current poultry fat tolerance by Zeneca Ag Products, 1800 Concord Pike,
P.O. Box 15458, Wilmington, Delaware 19850-5458. This notice included a
summary of the petition prepared by Zeneca Ag Products, as required
under the FFDCA as amended by the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of
1996. There were no comments received in response to the notice of
filing.
The petition requested that 40 CFR 180.438 be amended by
establishing tolerances for the combined residue of the insecticide,
lambda-cyhalothrin and its epimer in or on raw agricultural commodities
(RACs) alfalfa forage at 5.0 ppm; alfalfa hay at 6.0 ppm; leaf lettuce
at 2.0 ppm; head and stem Brassica crop subgroup at 0.4 ppm; aspirated
grain fractions at 2.0 ppm; and increasing the existing tolerance for
poultry fat from 0.01 ppm to 0.03 ppm. The change in terminology from
``grain dust'' to ``aspirated grain fractions'' was recommended by the
EPA, since the term ``grain dust'' is not used. The tolerance for
aspirated grain fractions includes a mixture of all aspirated grains
for which the pesticide has a tolerance, and should be established at
the highest current tolerance set for any grain dust, which is 2.0 ppm.

I. Risk Assessment and Statutory Findings

New section 408(b)(2)(A)(i) of the FFDCA allows EPA to establish a
tolerance (the legal limit for a pesticide chemical residue in or on a
food) only if EPA determines that the tolerance is ``safe.'' Section
408(b)(2)(A)(ii) defines ``safe'' to mean that ``there is a reasonable
certainty that no harm will result from aggregate exposure to the
pesticide chemical residue, including all anticipated dietary exposures
and all other exposures for which there is reliable information.'' This
includes exposure through drinking water and in residential settings,
but does not include occupational exposure. Section 408(b)(2)(C)
requires EPA to give special consideration to exposure of infants and
children to the pesticide chemical residue in establishing a tolerance
and to ``ensure that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will
result to infants and children from aggregate exposure to the pesticide
chemical residue*** .''
EPA performs a number of analyses to determine the risks from
aggregate exposure to pesticide residues. First, EPA determines the
toxicity of pesticides based primarily on toxicological studies using
laboratory animals. These studies address many adverse health effects,
including (but not limited to) reproductive effects, developmental
toxicity, toxicity to the nervous system, and carcinogenicity. Second,
EPA examines exposure to the pesticide through the diet (e.g., food and
drinking water) and through exposures that occur as a result of
pesticide use in residential settings.

A. Toxicity

1. Threshold and non-threshold effects. For many animal studies, a
dose response relationship can be determined, which provides a dose
that causes adverse effects (threshold effects) and doses causing no
observed effects (the ``no-observed effect level'' or ``NOEL'').
Once a study has been evaluated and the observed effects have been
determined to be threshold effects, EPA generally divides the NOEL from
the study with the lowest NOEL by an uncertainty factor (usually 100 or
more) to determine the Reference Dose (RfD). The RfD is a level at or
below which daily aggregate exposure over a lifetime will not pose
appreciable risks to human health. An uncertainty factor (sometimes
called a ``safety factor'') of 100 is commonly used since it is assumed
that people may be up to 10 times more sensitive to pesticides than the
test animals, and that one person or subgroup of the population (such
as infants and children) could be up to 10 times more sensitive to a
pesticide than another. In addition, EPA assesses the potential risks
to infants and children based on the weight of the evidence of the
toxicology studies and determines whether an additional uncertainty
factor is warranted. Thus, an aggregate daily exposure to a pesticide
residue at or below the RfD (expressed as 100 percent or less of the
RfD) is generally considered acceptable by EPA. EPA generally uses the
RfD to evaluate the chronic risks posed by pesticide exposure. For
shorter term risks, EPA calculates a margin of exposure (MOE) by
dividing the estimated human exposure into the NOEL from the
appropriate animal study. Commonly, EPA finds MOEs lower than 100 to be
unacceptable. This hundredfold MOE is based on the same rationale as
the hundredfold uncertainty factor.
Lifetime feeding studies in two species of laboratory animals are
conducted to screen pesticides for cancer effects. When evidence of
increased cancer is noted in these studies, the Agency conducts a
weight of the evidence review of all relevant toxicological data
including short-term and mutagenicity studies and structure activity
relationship. Once a pesticide has been classified as a potential human
carcinogen, different types of risk assessments (e.g., linear low dose
extrapolations or MOE calculation based on the appropriate NOEL) will
be carried out based on the nature of the carcinogenic response and the
Agency's knowledge of its mode of action.
2. Differences in toxic effect due to exposure duration. The
toxicological effects of a pesticide can vary with different exposure
durations. EPA considers the entire toxicity data base, and based on
the effects seen for different durations and routes of exposure,
determines which risk assessments should be done to assure that the
public is adequately protected from any pesticide exposure scenario.
Both short and long durations of exposure are always considered.
Typically, risk assessments include ``acute,'' ``short-term,''
``intermediate term,'' and ``chronic risks.'' These assessments are
defined by the Agency as follows.
Acute risk, by the Agency's definition, results from 1-day
consumption of food and water, and reflects toxicity which could be
expressed following a single oral exposure to the pesticide residues.

[[Page 7293]]

High end exposure to food and water residues are typically assumed.
Short-term risk results from exposure to the pesticide for a period
of 1-7 days, and therefore overlaps with the acute risk assessment.
Historically, this risk assessment was intended to address primarily
dermal and inhalation exposure which could result, for example, from
residential pesticide applications. However, since enaction of FQPA,
this assessment has been expanded to include both dietary and non-
dietary sources of exposure, and will typically consider exposure from
food, water, and residential uses when reliable data are available. In
this assessment, risks from average food and water exposure, and high-
end residential exposure, are aggregated. High-end exposures from all
three sources are not typically added because of the very low
probability of this occurring in most cases, and because the other
conservative assumptions built into the assessment assure adequate
protection of public health. However, for cases in which high-end
exposure can reasonably be expected from multiple sources (e.g.
frequent and widespread homeowner use in a specific geographical area),
multiple high-end risks will be aggregated and presented as part of the
comprehensive risk assessment/characterization. Since the toxicological
endpoint considered in this assessment reflects exposure over a period
of at least 7 days, an additional degree of conservatism is built into
the assessment; i.e., the risk assessment nominally covers 1-7 days
exposure, and the toxicological endpoint/NOEL is selected to be
adequate for at least 7 days of exposure. (Toxicity results at lower
levels when the dosing duration is increased.)
Intermediate-term risk results from exposure for 7 days to several
months. This assessment is handled in a manner similar to the short-
term risk assessment.
Chronic risk assessment describes risk which could result from
several months to a lifetime of exposure. For this assessment, risks
are aggregated considering average exposure from all sources for
representative population subgroups including infants and children.

B. Aggregate Exposure

In examining aggregate exposure, FFDCA section 408 requires that
EPA take into account available and reliable information concerning
exposure from the pesticide residue in the food in question, residues
in other foods for which there are tolerances, residues in groundwater
or surface water that is consumed as drinking water, and other non-
occupational exposures through pesticide use in gardens, lawns, or
buildings (residential and other indoor uses). Dietary exposure to
residues of a pesticide in a food commodity are estimated by
multiplying the average daily consumption of the food forms of that
commodity by the tolerance level or the anticipated pesticide residue
level. The Theoretical Maximum Residue Contribution (TMRC) is an
estimate of the level of residues consumed daily if each food item
contained pesticide residues equal to the tolerance. In evaluating food
exposures, EPA takes into account varying consumption patterns of major
identifiable subgroups of consumers, including infants and children.
The TMRC is a ``worst case'' estimate since it is based on the
assumptions that food contains pesticide residues at the tolerance
level and that 100% of the crop is treated by pesticides that have
established tolerances. If the TMRC exceeds the RfD or poses a lifetime
cancer risk that is greater than approximately one in a million, EPA
attempts to derive a more accurate exposure estimate for the pesticide
by evaluating additional types of information (anticipated residue data
and/or percent of crop treated data) which show, generally, that
pesticide residues in most foods when they are eaten are well below
established tolerances.

II. Aggregate Risk Assessment and Determination of Safety

Consistent with section 408(b)(2)(D), EPA has reviewed the
available scientific data and other relevant information in support of
this action, EPA has sufficient data to assess the hazards of lambda-
cyhalothrin and its epimer, and to make a determination on aggregate
exposure, consistent with section 408(b)(2). EPA's assessment of the
dietary exposures and risks associated with establishing the tolerances
follows.

A. Toxicological Profile

EPA has evaluated the available toxicity data and considered its
validity, completeness, and reliability as well as the relationship of
the results of the studies to human risk. EPA has also considered
available information concerning the variability of the sensitivities
of major identifiable subgroups of consumers, including infants and
children. The nature of the toxic effects caused by lambda-cyhalothrin
and its epimer are discussed below. Note that the studies discussed
below were conducted using either cyhalothrin or lambda-cyhalothrin.
Cyhalothrin and lambda-cyhalothrin are basically the same chemical, the
differences are found in their stereo chemistry and the number of
isomers in each mixture. Cyhalothrin consists of four stereo isomers in
each mixture. Cyhalothrin consists of four stereo isomers while lambda-
cyhalothrin is a mixture of the two isomers. The two lambda-cyhalothrin
isomers are contained in cyhalothrin, they represent 40% of the
cyhalothrin mixture. The major studies submitted to the Agency were
conducted with cyhalothrin. However, these studies are used in support
of registration for both mixtures. There is some evidence, based on
subchronic studies in rats, that the two mixtures are not biologically
different with respect to their mammalian toxicity.
1. Acute toxicity. Acute toxicity studies with the technical grade
of the active ingredient lambda-cyahothrin: oral LD50 in the
rat at 79 milligram per kilogram (mg/kg) (males) and 56 mg/kg (females)
- Toxicity Category II; dermal LD50 in the rat at 632 mg/kg
(males) and 696 mg/kg females - Toxicity Category II; primary eye
irritation study showed mild irritation - Toxicity Category II; and
primary dermal irritation study showed no irritation - Toxicity
Category IV.
2. Mutagenicity. The following genotoxicity tests were all
negative: a gene mutation assay (Ames), a mouse micronucleus assay, an
in-vitro cytogenetics assay, and a gene mutation study in mouse
lymphoma cells.
3. Reproductive and developmental toxicity. i. In a three-
generation reproduction study, rats were fed diets containing
cyhalothrin at 0, 10, 30 or 100 ppm (approximately 0, 0.5, 1.5 or 5.0
milligram per kilogram per day (mg/kg/day)). Parental toxicity was
observed as decreased mean body weight and body weight gain during the
premating and gestation periods at 5.0 mg/kg/day. There were no other
treatment-related effects. Offspring toxicity was observed as reduced
mean pup weight and pup weight gains during lactation, again at 5.0 mg/
kg/day. No other treatment-related effects were observed. The
reproductive and parental NOELs are 1.5 mg/kg/day and the reproductive
and parental lowest observed effect level (LOELs) are 5.0 mg/kg/day.
The developmental NOEL is 5.0 mg/kg/day (highest dose tested (HDT)).
ii. In a rabbit developmental toxicity study, rabbits were given
gavage dose levels of cyhalothrin at: 0, 3, 10, 30 mg/kg/day during the
gestation period (days 6 through 18). The maternal NOEL was 10 mg/kg/
day and the maternal LOEL was 30 mg/kg/day based on decreased

[[Page 7294]]

body weight gain (48% of controls) during the dosing period. The
developmental NOEL was 30 mg/kg/day (HDT). No developmental effects
were observed.
iii. In a rat developmental study rats were given gavage dose
levels of cyhalothrin at: 0, 5, 10, 15 mg/kg/day during the gestation
period (days 6 through 15). The maternal NOEL was 10 mg/kg/day and the
maternal LOEL was 15 mg/kg/day based on reduced body weight gain (70%
of control) and food consumption (as low as 76%) during the dosing
period. The developmental NOEL was greater than 15 mg/kg/day (HDT). No
developmental effects were observed.
4. 90-day feeding study. i. In a 90-day feeding study rats were
fed, lambda-cyhalothrin at doses of 0, 10, 50 or 250 ppm (0, 0.5, 2.5,
12.5 mg/kg/day). The animals were examined once daily for clinical
signs of toxicity. Body weights, food consumption, hematological and
clinical chemistry parameters, urinalysis parameters, organ weights,
and macroscopic and microscopic observations were recorded. Body weight
gain and food consumption were significantly reduced for both sexes at
12.5 mg/kg/day. There was also a slight but statistically significant
reduction in food efficiency in females at this dose level. The NOEL is
2.5 mg/kg/day and the lowest effect level (LEL) is 12.5 mg/kg/day based
on reduction in body weight gain and food consumption in both sexes and
food efficiency in females.
ii. In another 90-day feeding study in rats cyhalothrin was fed at
doses of 0, 10, 50 or 250 ppm (0, 0.5, 2.5, 12.5 mg/kg/day). The
animals were examined for clinical signs of toxicity. Body weights,
food consumption, hematological and clinical chemistry parameters,
urinalysis parameters, organ weights, and macroscopic and microscopic
observations were recorded. Body weight gain was significantly reduced
in males at 12.5 mg/kg/day. Body weight gain was also significantly
reduced in females at this level, but only during the first week. Body
weight gain was not significantly affected at lower dose levels. The
NOEL is 2.5 mg/kg/day and the LEL is 12.5 mg/kg/day based on decreased
body weight gain.
5. 28-day study. In a 28-day study in the mouse, cyhalothrin was
fed to mice in the diet as a range-finding study for carcinogenicity at
0, 5, 25, 100, 500, or 2,000 ppm (0, 0.65, 3.30, 13.5, 64.2 or 309 mg/
kg/day for males and 0, 0.80, 4.17, 15.2, 77.9 or 294 mg/kg/day for
females).The NOEL is 500 ppm and the LEL is 2,000 ppm based on
mortality, clinical signs of toxicity, decreases in body weight gain
and food consumption, changes in hematology and organ weights and
minimal centrilobular hepatocyte enlargement.
6. 21-day dermal toxicity study. In a 21-day dermal toxicity study
rats were exposed dermally to doses of 1, 10, or 100 mg/kg of lambda-
cyhalothrin (reduced to 50 mg/kg after two or three applications) 6
hours/day. No significant signs of skin irritation was observed at any
dose level. Two male rats were found dead after three applications of
100 mg/kg. There was no evidence prior to death, at postmortem
examination, or from histopathology, of the possible cause of death,
but it is thought likely to be due to pyrethroid toxicity. Dosage was
reduced to 50 mg/kg/day for the remaining 18 applications. Animals
dosed with 50 mg/kg/day displayed clinical signs of slight general
toxicity (bizarre behavior, paw flicking, splayed gait, sides pinched
in, thin, tip-toe gait, reduced stability, dehydration and reduced
splay reflex). Effects on body weight gain and food consumption were
also seen in males at this dose level. No toxicologically significant
treatment-related effects were observed at any other dose level. The
NOEL is 10 mg/kg/day and the LEL is 100/50 mg/kg/day based on death (at
100 mg/kg/day only), clinical signs of toxicity and decreased body
weight gain and food consumption.
7. 21-day inhalation study. In a 21-day inhalation study rats were
exposed nose-only for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week to lambda-cyhalothrin at
0.3, 3.3, or 16.7 g/L. The NOEL was 0.3 g/L and the
LOEL was 3.3 g/L based on decreased body weight gains (high
dose males) and food consumption (high dose, both sexes), clinical
signs of toxicity (paw flicking, tail erections, tiptoe gait,
lachrymation or salivation), punctate foci on cornea (both sexes, mid-
and high dose), raised prothrombin time, changes in hematology,
clinical chemistry and urinalysis parameters and a slight increase in
the incidence of alveolitis in females.
8. 12-month chronic/carcinogenicity feeding study. In a 12-month
chronic/carcinogenicity feeding study dogs were fed dose (by capsule)
levels of lambda-cyhalothrin at 0, 0.1, 0.5, 3.5 mg/kg/day with a NOEL
of 0.1 mg/kg/day. The LOEL for this study is established at 0.5 mg/kg/
day based upon clinical signs of neurotoxicity.
9. 24-month chronic feeding/carcinogenicity study. In a 24-month
chronic feeding/carcinogenicity study rats were fed diets containing 0,
10, 50, and 250 ppm (0, 0.5, 2.5 or 12.5 mg/kg/day) of cyhalothrin. The
LEL for chronic toxicity in rats is 12.5 mg/kg/day and the NOEL is 2.5
mg/kg/day. There was no indication of carcinogenic effects observed
under the conditions of the study.
10. Carcinogenicity study. In a carcinogenicity study mice were fed
dose levels of 0, 20, 100, or 500 ppm (0, 3, 15, or 75 mg/kg/day) of
cyhalothrin in the diet for 2 years. A systemic NOEL was established at
100 ppm and systemic LOEL at 500 ppm based on decreased body weight
gain in males throughout the study at 500 ppm. The EPA has classified
lambda-cyhalothrin as a Group D carcinogen (not classifiable due to an
equivocal finding in this study). No treatment-related carcinogenic
effects were observed under the conditions of the study.
11. Animal Metabolism. Metabolism studies in rats demonstrated
that distribution patterns and excretion rates in multiple oral dose
studies are similar to single-dose studies. Accumulation of unchanged
compound in fat upon chronic administration with slow elimination was
observed. Otherwise, lambda-cyhalothrin was rapidly metabolized and
excreted. The metabolism of lambda-cyhalothrin in livestock has been
studied in the goat, chicken, and cow. Unchanged lambda-cyhalothrin is
the major residue component of toxicological concern in meat and milk.
12. Neurotoxicity studies. Neurotoxicity studies will be required
under a special data call-in letter pursuant to section 3(c)(2)(B) of
FIFRA. Although these data are lacking, EPA has sufficient toxicity
data to support these tolerances and these additional studies will not
significantly change its risk assessment.

B. Toxicological Endpoints

1. Acute toxicity. For acute dietary risk assessment, EPA used a
systemic NOEL of 0.5 mg/kg/day based on gait abnormalities in dogs on
day 2 in the chronic toxicity study.
2. Short - and intermediate - term toxicity. For short-and
intermediate-term MOE's EPA recommends us of a NOEL of 10.0 mg/kg/day
from the 21-day dermal toxicity based on systemic toxicity at 50 mg/kg/
day (LOEL). A dermal absorption rate of 25% was used based on weight of
evidence available for structurally related pyrethroids. EPA used a
NOEL of 0.3 g/L from the 21-day inhalation study in rats based
on clinical signs indicative of neurotoxicity (paw flicking) tail
erections, and tiptoe gait) at 3.3 g/L.
3. Chronic toxicity. EPA has established the reference dose (RfD)
for lambda-cyhalothrin at 0.001 mg/kg/day

[[Page 7295]]

based on clinical signs of neurotoxicity (ataxia, convulsions) seen at
the LEL of 0.5 mg/kg/day. This RfD is based on a 1-year oral study in
dogs with a NOEL of 0.1 mg/kg/day and an uncertainty factor (UF) of
100. The LEL of 0.5 mg/kg/day was based on clinical signs of
neurotoxicity (convulsions, ataxia, muscle tremors) and a slight
increase in liquid feces.
4. Carcinogenicity. Based on the available carcinogenicity studies
in two rodent species, lambda-cyhalothrin has been classified as a
Group ``D'' chemical, ``not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity''.
Although lambda-cyhalothrin was not shown to be carcinogenic in either
the mouse or rat, the EPA Hazard Evaluation Division (HED) RfD/Peer
review committee based the ``D'' classification on: (i) lambda-
cyhalothrin was not tested at adequate dose levels for carcinogenicity
testing in the mouse, and (ii) the equivocal nature of the findings
with regard to the incidence of mammary adenocarcinomas. No additional
cancer studies are being required at this time.

C. Exposures and Risks

1. From food and feed uses. The primary source of human exposure to
lambda-cyhalothrin will be from ingestion of both raw and processed
food commodities treated with lambda-cyhalothrin. Tolerances have been
established in 40 CFR 180.438, 40 CFR 185.3765 and 40 CFR 186.3765 for
combined residues of lambda-cyhalothrin and its epimer in or on a
variety of food commodities. (The tolerances in 40 CFR 185.1310 and
186.3765 were removed and transferred to 40 CFR 180.438 on November 26,
1997, (62 FR 63010)(FRL-5755-5)). Risk assessments were conducted by
EPA to assess dietary exposures and risks from lambda-cyhalothrin as
follows:
i. Acute exposure and risk. Acute dietary risk assessments are
performed for a food-use pesticide if a toxicological study has
indicated the possibility of an effect of concern occurring as a result
of a 1 day or single exposure. The acute dietary exposure assessment
for lambda-cyhalothrin used Monte Carlo modeling incorporating
anticipated residue and percent crop treated refinements. The acute
dietary Margin of Exposure (MOE) calculated at the 99.9th percentile
for the most highly exposed population subgroup (nonnursing infants < 1

year old) is 139. The MOE calculated at the 99.9th percentile for the
general U.S. population is 311. EPA concludes that there is a
reasonable certainty of no harm for MOE of 100 or greater. Therefore,
the acute dietary risk assessment for lambda-cyhalothrin indicates a
reasonable certainty of no harm.
ii. Chronic exposure and risk. The RfD used for the chronic dietary
analysis is 0.001 mg/kg/day. The chronic dietary exposure assessment
used anticipated residues and percent crop treated information. The
chronic dietary exposure estimate for the overall U.S. population was
calculated to be 0.000068 mg/kg/day, which utilized 6.8% of the RfD for
the U.S. population. For the most highly exposed population subgroup
(children 1-6 years old), chronic dietary exposure was estimated at
0.000192 mg/kg/day, which utilized 19.2% of the RfD.
EPA notes that the acute dietary risk assessments used Monte Carlo
modeling (in accordance with Tier 3 of EPA June 1996 ``Acute Dietary
Exposure Assessment'' guidance document) incorporating anticipated
residues and percent crop treated refinements. The chronic dietary risk
assessment used percent crop treated information and anticipated
residues. Section 408 (b)(2)(E) authorizes EPA to consider available
data and information on the anticipated residue levels of pesticide
chemicals that have been measured in food. If EPA relies on such
information, EPA must require that data be provided 5 years after the
tolerance is established, modified or left in effect, demonstrating
that the levels in food are not above the levels anticipated. Following
the initial data submission, EPA is authorized to require similar data
on a time frame it deems appropriate. Section 408(b)(2)(F) allows the
agency to use data on the actual percent of crop treated when
establishing a tolerance only where the Agency can make the following
findings: (a) That the data used are reliable and provide a valid basis
for showing the percentage of food derived from a crop that is likely
to contain residues; (b) that the exposure estimate does not
underestimate the exposure for any significant subpopulation and; (c)
where data on regional pesticide used and food consumption are
available, that the exposure estimate does not understate exposure for
any regional population. In addition, the Agency must provide for
periodic evaluation of any estimates used.
The percent of crop treated estimates for lambda-cyhalothrin were
derived from Federal and market survey data. EPA considers these
reliable. A range of estimates are supplied by this data and the upper
end of this range was used for the exposure assessment. By using this
upper estimate of percent of crop treated, the Agency is reasonably
certain that exposure is not understated for any significant
subpopulation group. Further, regional consumption information is taken
into account through EPA's computer-based model for evaluation of the
exposure of significant subpopulations including several regional
groups. Review of this regional data allows the Agency to be reasonably
certain that no regional population is exposed to residue levels higher
than those estimated by the Agency. To meet the requirement for data on
anticipated residues, EPA will issue a Data Call-In (DCI) notice
pursuant to FFDCA section 408(f) requiring submission of data on
anticipated residues in conjunction with approval of the registration
under FIFRA.
2. From drinking water. Laboratory and field data have demonstrated
that lambda-cyhalothrin is immobile in soil and will not leach into
groundwater. Other data show that lambda-cyhalothrin is virtually
insoluble in water and extremely lipophilic. As a result, EPA concludes
that residues reaching surface waters from field runoff will quickly
adsorb to sediment particles and be partitioned from the water column.
Further, a screening evaluation of leaching potential of a typical
pyrethroid was conducted using EPA's Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM1).
Based on this screening assessment, the potential concentrations of a
pyrethroid in groundwater at depths of 1 and 2 meters are essentially
zero (<< 0.001 parts per billion (ppb)). Surface water concentrations
for pyrethroids were estimated using PRZM3 and Exposure Analysis
Modeling System (EXAMS) using standard EPA cotton runoff and
Mississippi pond scenarios. The maximum concentration predicted in the
simulated pond was 0.052 ppb Concentrations in actual drinking water
would be much lower than the levels predicted in the hypothetical,
small, stagnant farm pond model since drinking water derived from
surface water would normally be treated before consumption.
i. Acute exposure and risk. The acute drinking water exposure and
risk estimates are 0.000022 mg/kg/day (MOE 22,876) and 0.000042 mg/kg/
day (MOE 11,956) for the overall population and non-nursing infants <1
year, respectively.
ii. Chronic exposure and risk. The chronic drinking water exposure
and risk estimates are 0.000000 mg/kg/day (0.0% RfD utilized) and
0.000000 mg/kg/day (0.0% of RfD utilized) for the overall population
and non-nursing infants < 1 year, respectively.
3. From non-dietary exposure. Lambda-cyhalothrin is currently

[[Page 7296]]

registered for use on the following residential non-food sites: general
indoor/outdoor pest control (crack/crevice/spot), termiticide,
ornamental plants and lawns around homes, parks, recreation areas and
athletic fields, and golf course turf. Application of this pesticide in
and around these sites is mainly limited to commercial applicators.
Analyses were conducted which included an evaluation of potential non-
dietary (residential) applicator, post-application and chronic dietary
aggregate exposures associated with lambda-cyhalothrin products used
for residential flea infestation control and agricultural/commercial
applications. In the case of potential non-dietary health risks,
conservative point estimates of nondietary exposures, expressed as
total systemic absorbed dose (summed across inhalation and incidental
ingestion routes) for each relevant product use category (i.e. lawn
care) and receptor based on the toxicity endpoints selected by EPA for
lambda-cyhalothrin, inhalation and incidental oral ingestion absorbed
doses were combined and compared to the relevant systemic NOEL for
estimating MOEs.
4. Short- and intermediate term exposure and risk. EPA used a NOEL
of 0.3 g/L (0.05 mg/kg/day) from the 21-day inhalation
toxicity study in rats. The LOEL of 3.3 g/L was based on
decreased body weight gains and clinical signs of toxicity including
paw flicking, tail erections and tiptoe gait. For short- and
intermediate-term dermal exposure MOE calculations, EPA used a NOEL of
10.0 mg/kg/day based on systemic toxicity at 50 mg/kg/day (LOEL). The
MOE is 100.
The short and intermediate-term non-dietary aggregate (non-dietary
+ chronic dietary (food and water)) MOEs for lambda-cyhalothrin
indicate a substantial degree of safety. The total non-dietary
(inhalation + incidental + ingestion + dermal) MOEs for post-
application exposure for the lawn care products evaluated was estimated
to be >15,000 for adults, 7,200 for children 1-6 years old, and 7,000
for infants < 1 year. It can be concluded that the potential non-
dietary and aggregate (non-dietary + chronic dietary) exposures for
lambda-cyhalothrin are associated with substantial margins of safety.
5. Cumulative exposure to substances with common mechanism of
toxicity. Section 408(b)(2)(D)(v) requires that, when considering
whether to establish, modify, or revoke a tolerance, the Agency
consider ``available information'' concerning the cumulative effects of
a particular pesticide's residues and ``other substances that have a
common mechanism of toxicity.'' The Agency believes that ``available
information'' in this context might include not only toxicity,
chemistry, and exposure data, but also scientific policies and
methodologies for understanding common mechanisms of toxicity and
conducting cumulative risk assessments. For most pesticides, although
the Agency has some information in its files that may turn out to be
helpful in eventually determining whether a pesticide shares a common
mechanism of toxicity with any other substances, EPA does not at this
time have the methodologies to resolve the complex scientific issues
concerning common mechanism of toxicity in a meaningful way. EPA has
begun a pilot process to study this issue further through the
examination of particular classes of pesticides. The Agency hopes that
the results of this pilot process will increase the Agency's scientific
understanding of this question such that EPA will be able to develop
and apply scientific principles for better determining which chemicals
have a common mechanism of toxicity and evaluating the cumulative
effects of such chemicals. The Agency anticipates, however, that even
as its understanding of the science of common mechanisms increases,
decisions on specific classes of chemicals will be heavily dependent on
chemical specific data, much of which may not be presently available.
Although at present the Agency does not know how to apply the
information in its files concerning common mechanism issues to most
risk assessments, there are pesticides as to which the common mechanism
issues can be resolved. These pesticides include pesticides that are
toxicologically dissimilar to existing chemical substances (in which
case the Agency can conclude that it is unlikely that a pesticide
shares a common mechanism of activity with other substances) and
pesticides that produce a common toxic metabolite (in which case common
mechanism of activity will be assumed).
Although lambda-cyhalothrin is structurally similar to other
members of the synthetic pyrethroids class of insecticide, EPA does not
have, at this time, available data to determine whether lambda-
cyhalothrin has a common mechanism of toxicity with other substances or
how to include this pesticide in a cumulative risk assessment. Unlike
other pesticides for which EPA has followed a cumulative risk approach
based on a common mechanism of toxicity, lambda-cyhalothrin does not
appear to produce a toxic metabolite produced by other substances. For
the purposes of this tolerance action, therefore, EPA has not assumed
that lambda-cyhalothrin has a common mechanism of toxicity with other
substances.

D. Aggregate Risks and Determination of Safety for U.S. Population

1. Acute risk. The acute aggregate risk assessment takes into
account exposure from food and water. The acute aggregate MOE
calculated at the 99.9th percentile for the U.S. population is 307. The
Agency generally has no cause for concern if total acute exposure
calculated for the 99.9th percentile yields a MOE of 100 or larger. EPA
concludes that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result
from acute aggregate exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin residues.
2. Chronic risk. Aggregate chronic exposure is the sum of chronic
exposure from food and water. Using the exposure assumptions described
above, EPA has concluded that aggregate exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin
from food and water will utilize 6.8% of the RfD for the U.S.
population. EPA generally has no concern for exposures below 100% of
the RfD because the RfD represents the level at or below which daily
aggregate dietary exposure over a lifetime will not pose appreciable
risks to human health. EPA concludes that there is a reasonable
certainty that no harm will result from chronic aggregate exposure to
lambda-cyhalothrin residues.
3. Short- and intermediate-term risk. Short- and intermediate-term
aggregate exposure takes into account chronic dietary food and water
(considered to be a background exposure level) plus indoor and outdoor
residential exposure. For lambda-cyhalothrin the aggregate MOE
(inhalation + incidental oral + chronic dietary) summed across all
product use categories was estimated to be 14,000 for the U.S.
population. EPA concludes that the aggregate short- and intermediate-term risks do not exceed levels of concern, and that there is
reasonable certainty that no harm will result from aggregate exposure
to lambda-cyhalothrin residues.

E. Aggregate Cancer Risk for U.S. Population

Lambda-cyhalothrin has been classified by EPA as a Group ``D''
chemical, ``not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity.'' Therefore,
this risk assessment was not conducted.

F. Aggregate Risks and Determination of Safety for Infants and
Children

In assessing the potential for additional sensitivity of infants
and

[[Page 7297]]

children to residues of lambda-cyhalothrin, EPA considered data from
developmental toxicity studies in rats and rabbits and a three-
generation reproductive toxicity study in rats. The developmental
toxicity studies are designed to evaluate adverse effects on the
developing organism resulting from maternal pesticide exposure during
prenatal development. Reproduction studies provide information relating
to pre- and post-natal effects from exposure to the pesticide,
information on the reproductive capability of mating animals, and data
on systemic toxicity.
FFDCA section 408 provides that EPA shall apply an additional
tenfold margin of safety for infants and children in the case of
threshold effects to account for pre-and post-natal toxicity and the
completeness of the database unless EPA determines that a different
margin of safety will be safe for infants and children. Margins of
safety are incorporated into EPA risk assessments either directly
through use of a margin of exposure analysis or through using
uncertainty (safety) factors in calculating a dose level that poses no
appreciable risk to humans. In either case, EPA generally defines the
level of appreciable risk as exposure that is greater than 1/100 of the
no observed effect level (NOEL) in the animal study appropriate to the
particular risk assessment. This hundredfold uncertainty (safety)
factor is designed to account for inter-species extrapolation and
intra-species variability. EPA believes that reliable data support
using the standard hundredfold factor when EPA has a complete data base
under existing guidelines and when the severity of the effect in
infants or children or the potency or unusual toxic properties of a
compound do not raise concerns regarding the adequacy of the standard
factor.
1. Developmental toxicity studies. i. From the developmental
toxicity study in rats, the maternal (systemic) NOEL was 10 mg/kg/day.
The maternal LEL of 15 mg/kg/day was based on decreased body weight
gain and decreased food consumption. The developmental (fetal) NOEL was
> 15 mg/kg/day at the highest dose tested (HDT).
ii. From the developmental toxicity study in rabbits, the maternal
(systemic) NOEL was 10 mg/kg/day. The maternal LEL of 30 mg/kg/day was
based on decreased body weight gain. The developmental (fetal) NOEL was
30 mg/kg/day (HDT).
2. Reproductive toxicity study. From the three-generation
reproductive toxicity study in rats, both the parental (systemic) and
reproductive (pup) NOEL's were 1.5 mg/kg/day. Both the parental
(systemic) and reproductive (pup) LEL's were 5 mg/kg/day. They were
based on a significant decrease in parental body weight (systemic) or a
significant decrease in pup body weight.
3. Pre- and post-natal sensitivity. The toxicology data base for
lambda-cyhalothrin is complete with respect to current toxicological
data requirements. There are no pre- or post-natal toxicity concerns
for infants and children, based on the results of the rat and rabbit
developmental toxicity studies and the three-generation reproductive
toxicity study in rats. Based on the above, EPA concludes that reliable
data support the use of the standard hundredfold margin of uncertainty
factor and that an additional uncertainty factor is not warranted at
this time.
4. Acute risk. The aggregate acute MOE calculated at the 99.9th
percentile for non-nursing infants < 1 year old is 138. In a
conservative policy, the Agency has no cause for concern if total acute
exposure calculated for the 99.9th percentile yields a MOE of 100 or
larger. Therefore, the Agency has no acute aggregate concern due to
exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin.
5. Chronic risk. Using the conservative exposure assumptions
described above, EPA has concluded that aggregate exposure to lambda-
cyhalothrin from food will utilize 19.2 percent of the RfD for children
1-6 years. EPA generally has no concern for exposures below 100% of the
RfD because the RfD represents the level at or below which daily
aggregate dietary exposure over a lifetime will not pose appreciable
risks to human health. EPA concludes that there is a reasonable
certainty that no harm will result to infants and children from
aggregate exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin residues.
6. Short- and intermediate-term risk. Short- and intermediate-term
aggregate exposure takes into account chronic dietary food and water
(considered to be a background level) plus short-term and intermediate
term residential exposure. The aggregate MOE was estimated to be 6,300
for children 1-6 years old, and 6,800 for infants < 1 year old. EPA
concludes that the aggregate short- and intermediate-term risks do not
exceed levels of concern, and that there is reasonable certainty that
no harm will result from aggregate exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin
residues.

G. Endocrine Disruption

EPA is required to develop a screening program to determine whether
certain substances (including all pesticides and inerts) ``may have an
effect on humans that is similar to an effect produced by a naturally
occurring estrogen, or such other endocrine effect***.'' The Agency is
currently working with interested stakeholders, including other
government agencies, public interest groups, industry and research
scientists in developing screening and testing programs and a priority
setting scheme to implement this program. Congress has allowed 3 years
from the passage of FQPA (August 3, 1999) to implement this program. At
that time, EPA may require further testing of this active ingredient
and enduse products for endocrine disrupter effects.

III. Other Considerations

A. Metabolism in Plants and Animals

The metabolism of lambda-cyhalothrin in plants and animals is
adequately understood for the purposes of these tolerances. EPA has
determined that plant and animal metabolites do not need to appear in
the tolerance expression at this time. The residues to be regulated are
lambda-cyhalothrin and its epimer as specified in 40 CFR 180.438.

B. Analytical Methodology

There is a practical analytical method available for determination
of residues of lambda-cyhalothrin and its epimer. Adequate enforcement
methodology (gas chromatography/electron capture detector) for plant
and animal commodities is available to enforce the tolerances. EPA will
provide information on this method to FDA. In the interim, the
analytical method is available to anyone who is interested in pesticide
residue enforcement from: By mail, Calvin Furlow, Public Information
and Records Integrity Branch, Information Resources and Services
Division (7502C), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental
Protection Agency, 401 M. St., SW., Washington, DC 20460. Office
location and telephone number: Crystal Mall #2, Rm. 119FF, Jefferson
Davis hwy., Arlington, VA 22202, 703-305-5805.

C. Magnitude of Residues

Field residue data reflecting the application of lambda-cyhalothrin
to alfalfa, leaf lettuce, and Brassica subgroup crops are acceptable in
quantity, quality and location to support the proposed tolerances.
Based on the transfer of residues from a worst-case diet consisting of
various animal feed items containing residues of lambda-cyhalothrin and
its epimer, the existing tolerances for meat, milk, poultry and eggs
are acceptable, with the exception of poultry fat. An increase in the
poultry

[[Page 7298]]

fat tolerance from 0.01 ppm to 0.03 ppm is needed.

D. International Residue Limits

No Codex maximum residue levels (MRLs) for residues of lambda-
cyhalothrin have been established for alfalfa, leaf lettuce, or
brassica subgroup crops. Mexico has not established MRLs for residues
of lambda-cyhalothrin. Canada has established tolerances for residues
of lambda-cyhalothrin on broccoli and cabbage at 0.4 ppm, which are the
same levels as the U.S. tolerance.

IV. Conclusion

Therefore, as set forth in this document, tolerances are
established for lambda-cyhalothrin and its epimer in or on alfalfa
forage at 5.0 ppm; alfalfa hay at 6.0 ppm; leaf lettuce at 2.0 ppm;
brassica head and stem subgroup (broccoli, Chinese broccoli, Brussels
sprouts, cabbage, Chinese (napa) cabbage, Chinese mustard, cauliflower,
caval broccolo, and kohlrabi) at 0.4 ppm; ``aspirated grain fractions''
at 2.0 ppm; and the tolerance for poultry fat is increased from 0.01
ppm to 0.03 ppm.

V. Objections and Hearing Requests

The new FFDCA section 408(g) provides essentially the same process
for persons to ``object'' to a tolerance regulation issued by EPA under
new section 408(e) and (l)(6) as was provided in the old section 408
and in section 409. However, the period for filing objections is 60
days, rather than 30 days. EPA currently has procedural regulations
which govern the submission of objections and hearing requests. These
regulations will require some modification to reflect the new law.
However, until those modifications can be made, EPA will continue to
use those procedural regulations with appropriate adjustments to
reflect the new law.
Any person may, by April 14, 1998, file written objections to any
aspect of this regulation and may also request a hearing on those
objections. Objections and hearing requests must be filed with the
Hearing Clerk, at the address given above (40 CFR 178.20). A copy of
the objections and/or hearing requests filed with the Hearing Clerk
should be submitted to the OPP docket for this rulemaking. The
objections submitted must specify the provisions of the regulation
deemed objectionable and the grounds for the objections (40 CFR
178.25). Each objection must be accompanied by the fee prescribed by 40
CFR 180.33(i). If a hearing is requested, the objections must include a
statement of the factual issues on which a hearing is requested, the
requestor's contentions on such issues, and a summary of any evidence
relied upon by the requestor (40 CFR 178.27). A request for a hearing
will be granted if the Administrator determines that the material
submitted shows the following: There is genuine and substantial issue
of fact; there is a reasonable possibility that available evidence
identified by the requestor would, if established, resolve one or more
of such issues in favor of the requestor, taking into account
uncontested claims or facts to the contrary; and resolution of the
factual issues in the manner sought by the requestor would be adequate
to justify the action requested (40 CFR 178.32). Information submitted
in connection with an objection or hearing request may be claimed
confidential by marking any part or all of that information as
Confidential Business Information (CBI). Information so marked will not
be disclosed except in accordance with procedures set forth in 40 CFR
part 2. A copy of the information that does not contain CBI must be
submitted for inclusion in the public record. Information not marked
confidential may be disclosed publicly by EPA without prior notice.

VI. Public Docket and Electronic Submissions

EPA has established a record for this rulemaking under docket
control number [OPP-300608] (including any comments and data submitted
electronically). A public version of this record, including printed,
paper versions of electronic comments, which does not include any
information claimed as CBI, is available for inspection from 8:30 a.m.
to 4 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The public
record is located in Room 119 of the Public Information and Records
Integrity Branch, Information Resources and Services Division (7506C),
Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, Crystal
Mall #2, 1921 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA.
Electronic comments may be sent directly to EPA at:
opp-docket@epamail.epa.gov.

Electronic comments must be submitted as an ASCII file avoiding the
use of special characters and any form of encryption.
The official record for this rulemaking, as well as the public
version, as described above will be kept in paper form. Accordingly,
EPA will transfer any copies of objections and hearing requests
received electronically into printed, paper form as they are received
and will place the paper copies in the official rulemaking record which
will also include all comments submitted directly in writing. The
official rulemaking record is the paper record maintained at the
Virginia address in ``ADDRESSES'' at the beginning of this document.

VII. Regulatory Assessment Requirements

This final rule establishes tolerances under FFDCA section 408(d)
in response to a petition submitted to the Agency. The Office of
Management and Budget (OMB) has exempted these types of actions from
review under Executive Order 12866, entitled Regulatory Planning and
Review (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993). This final rule does not contain
any information collections subject to OMB approval under the Paperwork
Reduction Act (PRA), 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq., or impose any enforceable
duty or contain any unfunded mandate as described under Title II of the
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) (Pub. L. 104-4). Nor does
it require any prior consultation as specified by Executive Order
12875, entitled Enhancing the Intergovernmental Partnership (58 FR
58093, October 28, 1993), or special considerations as required by
Executive Order 12898, entitled Federal Actions to Address
Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income
Populations (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994), or require OMB review in
accordance with Executive Order 13045, entitled Protection of Children
from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks (62 FR 19885, April
23, 1997).
In addition, since these tolerances are established on the basis of
a petition under FFDCA section 408(d), such as the tolerances in this
final rule, do not require the issuance of a proposed rule, the
requirements of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 601 et
seq.) do not apply. Nevertheless, the Agency has previously assessed
whether establishing tolerances, exemptions from tolerances, raising
tolerance levels or expanding exemptions might adversely impact small
entities and concluded, as a generic matter, that there is no adverse
economic impact. The factual basis for the Agency's generic
certification for tolerance actions published on May 4, 1981 (46 FR
24950) and was provided to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small
Business Administration.

VIII. Submission to Congress and the General Accounting Office

Under 5 U.S.C. 801(a)(1)(A), as added by the Small Business
Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, the Agency has submitted a
report

[[Page 7299]]

containing this rule and other required information to the U.S. Senate,
the U.S. House of Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the
General Accounting Office prior to publication of this rule in today's
Federal Register. This is not a ``major rule'' as defined by 5 U.S.C.
804(2).

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 180

Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,
Agricultural commodities, Pesticides and pests, Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements.

Dated: January 29, 1998.
James Jones,

Acting Director, Registration Division, Office of Pesticide Programs.

Therefore, 40 CFR chapter I, part 180 is amended as follows:

PART 180--[AMENDED]

1. The authority citation for part 180 continues to read as
follows:

Authority: 21 U.S.C. 346a and 371.

2. In Sec. 180.438, the table to paragraph (a)(1) is amended by
adding entries for alfafa forage; alfalfa hay; aspirated grain
fractions; brassica, head and stem subgroup; lettuce, leaf; by revising
the entries for poultry, fat; and by removing the entries for sorghum,
grain dust; and wheat, grain dust, and broccoli and cabbage, to read as
follows:

Sec. 180.438 Lambda-cyhalothrin; tolerances for residues.

(a) General. (1) * * *

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commodity Parts per million
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alfalfa, forage,.......................... 5.0
Alfalfa, hay.............................. 6.0
Aspirated grain fractions................. 2.0
Brassica, head and stem subgroup,......... 0.4
* * * * *
Lettuce, leaf............................. 2.0
* * * * *
Poultry Fat............................... 0.03
* * * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *

[FR Doc. 98-3751 Filed 2-12-98; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-F