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Fluchloralin. Chemical Fact Sheet. Cornell U. PMEP. June 30, 1985.
CHEMICAL FACT SHEET FOR:
FLUCHLORALIN
FACT SHEET NUMBER: 52
DATE ISSUED: JUNE 30, 1985
1. DESCRIPTION OF CHEMICAL
- Generic Name: Fluchloralin
- Common Name: fluchloralin
- Trade Name: Basalin
- EPA Shaughnessy Code: 108701
- Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Number: 33245-39-5
- Year of Initial Registration: 1970
- Pesticide Type: Herbicide
- Chemical Family: chloroaniline
- U.S. and Foreign Producers: BASF Wyandotte, Inc.
2. USE PATTERNS AND FORMULATIONS
- Application sites: Dry and succulent peas and beans, cotton, okra,
peanuts, soybeans, and sunflowers.
- Types of formulations: Emulsifiable concentrate (4 lbs. a.i. per
gallon).
- Types and methods of application: Preplant broadcast or banded spray,
using ground equipment. Soil incorporation recommended.
- Application rates: 0.5-1.5 lbs. a.i./A on beans (including soybeans),
okra, peas, peanuts, and sunflowers.
- Usual carriers: Water
3. SCIENCE FINDINGS
Chemical Characteristics
- Physical state: crystalline solid
- Color: orange-yellow
- Odor: faint, unusual
- Melting point: 42-43 C
- Solubility (at 20 C): ethyl acetate >100 g/100 g, benzene 100 g/
100 g, cyclohexane 25.1 g/100 g, ether >100 g/100 g, acetone
>100 g/100 g, chloroform >100 g/100 g, ethanol 17.7 g/100 g, water
<7 g/100 g.
- Vapor pressure: 6 x 10(-6) mm Hg at 20 degrees C, 2.5 x 10(-5) mm Hg
at 30 degrees C
- Stability: Sensitive to ultraviolet light. Stable in aqueous
solution over range of pH 5 to 9.
Toxicological Characteristics
- Acute effects:
- Acute oral LD50: data gap
- Acute dermal LD50: data gap
- Dermal irritation: data gap
- Acute inhalation toxicity: data gap
- Primary eye irritation: data gap
- Chronic effects:
- Oncogenicity: data gap
- Teratology: data gap
- Reproductive effects: data gap
- Mutagenicity: data gap
- Feeding studies: data gap
- Major routes of exposure: dermal, ocular, and ingestion.
Physiological and Biochemical Behavioral Characteristics
- Foliar absorption: Not applicable; fluchloralin is soil-
incorporated.
- Translocation: Residues are taken up and translocated through the
roots and shoots of cotton and soybean plants. Parent compound and
some metabolites have been identified in cotton and soybean foliage
following exposure of the roots to fluchloralin.
- Mechanism of pesticidal action: Believed to affect seed germination
and other physiological growth processes.
- Metabolism and persistence in plants and animals: Plant metabolism
is not adequately understood. Fluchloralin residues did not
transfer to ruminant tissues at exaggerated rates (67 X the expected
intake by beef cattle). Degradation in animals is stepwise through
N-dealkylation and N-hydrolysis.
Environmental Characteristics
- Adsorption and leaching in basic soil types: Fluchloralin (unaged)
and fluchloralin residues (aged 30 days) are relatively immobile to
slightly mobile in loamy sand and sandy soils, but the degradate
2,6-dinitro-4-trifluoromethylphenol is highly mobile in loamy sandy
soil and mobile in sandy clay loam soil. Fluchloralin is slightly
mobile in runoff from plots (5-12% slope) of silt loam soil.
- Microbial breakdown: No data
- Loss from photodecomposition and/or volatilization: Fluchloralin
photodegrades rapidly (half-life 27 minutes) in water (pH 5.6) when
exposed to artificial sunlight. Photodegradation of solid
fluchloralin film is slower (half-life 48 hours in artificial
sunlight). No valid volatilization data are available.
- Bioaccumulation: No valid data
- Resultant average persistence: Half-life ranges from <32 to 120
days, depending on soil type.
- Half-life in water: Stable in water over pH range from 5.0 to 9.0,
if not exposed to light
Ecological Characteristics
- Hazards to birds: data gap
- Hazards to aquatic invertebrates: data gap
- Hazards to fish: High toxicity poses potential threat to fish
populations. Hazard cannot be evaluated until receipt of certain
environmental fate data.
- Potential problems with endangered species: USDI has made a
jeopardy assessment, finding threats to slackwater darter and 11
freshwater mussels from use of fluchloralin on soybeans.
Tolerance Assessment
- List of crops and tolerances:
Crop Tolerance (ppm)
Cotton, seed 0.05N
Peanuts 0.05
Peanuts, forage 0.05
Peanuts, hay 0 05
Peanuts, hulls 0.1
Soybeans 0.05N
Sunflower, seeds 0.05
Vegetables, seed & pod (dry/succulent) 0.05
Vegetables, seed & pod, forage 0.1
Vegetables, seed & pod, hay 0.1
NOTE: N = negligible
- List of food contact uses: beans (dry and succulent), okra, peas
(dry and succulent), peanuts, soybeans, and sunflower seeds.
- Results of tolerance assessment: Current PADI is 0.0026 mg/kg/day,
based on a NOEL of 5.250 mg/kg/day (210 ppm) and an LEL of 15.75
mg/kg/day (hemisiderosis in the liver) using a safety factor of
2000. The portion of the PADI currently occupied is <3%. However,
the feeding study on which the PADI was based has been declared
invalid, and no other toxicological data are available.
Problems Known to have Occurred from Use
- No PIMS data available.
Summary Science Statement
No valid acute or chronic toxicity data are available. One metabolite
has shown potential for leaching through soil, but the toxicological
properties of this metabolite are unknown. Toxicity to fish is very
high.
4. SUMMARY OF REGULATORY POSITION AND RATIONALE
- Use classification: Not classified
- Use, formulation, or geographic restrictions: Manufacturing-use
products may only be formulated into end-use products intended for
use as a herbicide on dry and succulent peas and beans, cotton, okra,
peanuts, soybeans, and sunflowers.
- Unique label warning statements:
- Use pattern statements: Labels of manufacturing-use products must
bear the statement: For formulation into end-use herbicide products
intended only for use on kidney, lima, navy, green, pinto, or Great
Northern beans, or edible soybeans, blackeyed, cow, field, or garden
peas, cotton, okra, peanuts, or sunflowers.
- Precautionary statements:
- Labels of manufacturing-use products must bear the statement: Do
not discharge effluent containing this product into lakes,
streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans, or public waters unless this
product is specifically identified and addressed in an NPDES
permit. Do not discharge effluent containing this product to
sewer systems without notifying the sewage treatment plant
authority. For guidance, contact your State Water Board or
Regional Office of the EPA.
- The labels of all end-use products must bear the statement: Do
not apply directly to water. Do not contaminate water by cleaning
of equipment or disposal of wastes.
5. SUMMARY OF MAJOR DATA GAPS
Data Requested Due Date*
Statement of composition 6 months
Discussion of formation of impurities 6 months
Preliminary analysis 12 months
Certification of limits 12 months
Analytical methods for enforcement of limits 12 months
Density, bulk density, or specific gravity 6 months
Dissociation constant 6 months
Octanol/water partition coefficient 6 months
pH 6 months
Stability 6 months
Metabolism in plants 24 months
Residue, dill, crop field trials 24 months
Residue, okra, crop field trials 24 months
Hydrolysis 9 months
Photodegradation on soil 9 months
Anaerobic soil 27 months
Leaching and adsorption/desorption 12 months
Field dissipation, soil 27 months
Accumulation, confined rotational crops 39 months
Accumulation, field rotational crops 50 months
Accumulation in fish 12 months
Acute oral toxicity 9 months
Acute dermal toxicity 9 months
Acute inhalation toxicity 9 months
Primary eye irritation 9 months
Primary dermal irritation 9 months
Dermal sensitization 9 months
21-day dermal toxicity 12 months
Chronic toxicity, rodent and non-rodent 50 months
Oncogenicity, 2 species 50 months
Teratogenicity 15 months
Reproduction, 2-generation 39 months
Gene mutation 9 months
Chromosomal aberration 12 months
Other mechanisms of mutagenicity 12 months
General metabolism 24 months
NOTES: *Number of months after issuance of the Standard.
**A study has been submitted, but not yet reviewed.
6. CONTACT PERSON AT EPA
Robert Taylor
TS-767C
U.S. EPA
401 M Street S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(703) 557-1800
DISCLAIMER: THE INFORMATION PRESENTED IN THIS CHEMICAL INFORMATION FACT
SHEET IS FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY AND NOT TO BE USED TO FULFILL
DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR PESTICIDE REGISTRATION AND REREGISTRATION.
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