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Activity: Insecticide, Wood preservative, US EPA List 3 Inert (Inorganic)
Structure:

Adverse Effects:
Anemia
Apoptosis
Ataxia
Bladder
Blood
Body Weight Decrease (including Cachexia, Wasting, Anorexia)
Bone
Dermal
Heart
Kidney
Liver
Lung
Spleen
Poisoning Incident

Anemia (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

Toxicological Data Human Data Chronic exposure to sodium hexafluorosilicate dust at levels above the eight-hour TWA can result in severe calcification of the ribs, pelvis, and spinal column ligaments; effects on the enzyme system; pulmonary fibrosis; stiffness; irritation of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes; weight loss; anorexia; anemia; cachexia; wasting; and dental effects. Long-term or repeated exposure to the skin can result in skin rash. A probable oral lethal dose of 50-500 mg/kg, classified as very toxic, has been reported for a 150-pound (70-kg) person receiving between 1 teaspoon and 1 ounce of sodium hexafluorosilicate.
Ref: Review of Toxicological Literature. October 2001. Sodium Hexafluorosilicate [CASRN 16893-85-9] and Fluorosilicic Acid [CASRN 16961-83-4]. Prepared for Scott Masten, Ph.D. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences P.O. Box 12233 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709. Contract No. N01-ES-65402. Submitted by Karen E. Haneke, M.S. (Principal Investigator) Bonnie L. Carson, M.S. (Co-Principal Investigator) Integrated Laboratory Systems P.O. Box 13501 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/fluorosilicates.nih.2001.pdf

Apoptosis (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

SUMMARY: Although potential toxic effects of sodium fluoride on early progenitor and stem cells have been reported previously, surprisingly few investigations have examined the effects of fluoride on human leukemic cells. To address this need, four different human leukemic cell lines (HL-60, HEL, TF-1, and K562) were exposed to increasing levels (0, 0.24, and 1.19 mM F) of two forms of fluoride: sodium fluoride (NaF) and sodium hexafluorosilicate (Na2SiF6). Because of its widespread use in water fluoridation, Na2SiF6 was investigated in addition to NaF. The early response effect of Na2SiF6 was greater, and in several cases significantly greater, than NaF on clonogenic growth and the induction of apoptosis in all four cell lines. These findings show that human leukemic cells can be influenced and damaged by fluorine compounds.
THE INFLUENCE OF SODIUM FLUORIDE AND SODIUM HEXAFLUOROSILICATE ON HUMAN LEUKEMIC CELL LINES. By B Machalinski et al. Fluoride Vol. 36 No. 4 231-240 2003.
Full free report available at: http://www.fluoride-journal.com/03-36-4/364-231.pdf

Ataxia (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

-- Mouse strain, 70 mg/ kg (LD 50 ; 0.37 mmol/ kg); Toxic effects were observed in the peripheral nerves and sensation (flaccid paralysis without anesthesia, generally neuromuscular blockage) and in behavior (ataxia and muscle contraction or spasticity). RTECS* (1997)
Ref: Review of Toxicological Literature. October 2001. Sodium Hexafluorosilicate [CASRN 16893-85-9] and Fluorosilicic Acid [CASRN 16961-83-4]. Prepared for Scott Masten, Ph.D. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences P.O. Box 12233 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709. Contract No. N01-ES-65402. Submitted by Karen E. Haneke, M.S. (Principal Investigator) Bonnie L. Carson, M.S. (Co-Principal Investigator) Integrated Laboratory Systems P.O. Box 13501 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/fluorosilicates.nih.2001.pdf

Bladder (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

-- Mice orally given sodium hexafluorosilicate (70 mg/kg; 0.37 mmol/kg) exhibited toxic effects in the peripheral nerves, sensation, and in behavior. In rats, an oral dose (248 mg/kg; 1.32 mmol/kg) administered intermittently for one month produced toxic effects in the kidney, ureter, and/or bladder, as well as musculoskeletal and biochemical effects (RTECS, 1997). Using guinea pigs, inhalation experiments (13-55 mg/m 3 [1.7-7.2 ppm] sodium hexafluorosilicate in air for ¥6 hours) resulted in pulmonary irritation; the lowest concentration that caused death was 33 mg/m 3 (4.3 ppm) (Patty, 1963; cited by HSDB, 2000b).
-- Rats, oral; 248 mg/ kg (1.32 mmol/ kg) for 30 days intermittent; Toxic effects in the kidney, ureter, and/ or bladder (other changes in urine composition) were observed. Musculoskeletal (other changes) and biochemical (enzyme inhibition, induction, or changes in blood or tissue [phosphatases] levels) effects were seen. RTECS* (1997)
-- Rats, 70 mg/ kg (LD Lo ; 0.37 mmol/ kg); Fatty liver degeneration and other changes in the liver and toxic effects in the kidney, ureter, and bladder primarily changes in glomeruli were observed. RTECS* (1997)
Ref: Review of Toxicological Literature. October 2001. Sodium Hexafluorosilicate [CASRN 16893-85-9] and Fluorosilicic Acid [CASRN 16961-83-4]. Prepared for Scott Masten, Ph.D. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences P.O. Box 12233 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709. Contract No. N01-ES-65402. Submitted by Karen E. Haneke, M.S. (Principal Investigator) Bonnie L. Carson, M.S. (Co-Principal Investigator) Integrated Laboratory Systems P.O. Box 13501 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/fluorosilicates.nih.2001.pdf

Blood (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

-- Rats, oral; 248 mg/ kg (1.32 mmol/ kg) for 30 days intermittent; Toxic effects in the kidney, ureter, and/ or bladder (other changes in urine composition) were observed. Musculoskeletal (other changes) and biochemical (enzyme inhibition, induction, or changes in blood or tissue [phosphatases] levels) effects were seen. RTECS* (1997)
-- Sheep, Awassi breed, 1- to 3- yr- old, 5F technical sodium hexafluorosilicate, 25, 50, 200, 1500, and 2000 mg/ kg (0.13, 0.27, 1.06, 7.976, and 10.63 mmol/ kg) suspended in water; duration and observation period n. p. With the 25- and 50- mg/ kg doses, animals exhibited grinding of teeth (an indication of pain), dullness, and mild diarrhea. At 200 mg/ kg, additional symptoms were experienced and included staggering and severe diarrhea. Animals died on day 6. With the two higher doses, licking of the lips, kicking of the belly, grinding of the teeth, falling down (after 1.5 h), frothing at the mouth, congested conjunctiva, protrudation of the tongue, forced and labored breathing, fever, and increased respiration and heart rates were observed. Animals died 3 h after administration of 1500 mg/ kg and 2.5 h after administration of 2000 mg/ kg. Post- mortem examination showed serous pericardial fluid (few milliliters), a slightly friable liver, mild edema in the lungs, and froth in the trachea. Hemorrhages occurred on the spleen and mucosal folds of the abomasum, and a gelatinous fluid was present in the colon. For the 1500 mg/ kg- dose group, the change in GOT went from 132% (of pretreatment activity) at 1.5 hours to 230% at 2.5 hours. For LDH, the change was 158% at death. The serum ICDH [isocitrate dehydrogenase] change increased from 168% after one hour to 984% at death. Egyed and Shlosberg (1975)
Ref: Review of Toxicological Literature. October 2001. Sodium Hexafluorosilicate [CASRN 16893-85-9] and Fluorosilicic Acid [CASRN 16961-83-4]. Prepared for Scott Masten, Ph.D. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences P.O. Box 12233 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709. Contract No. N01-ES-65402. Submitted by Karen E. Haneke, M.S. (Principal Investigator) Bonnie L. Carson, M.S. (Co-Principal Investigator) Integrated Laboratory Systems P.O. Box 13501 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/fluorosilicates.nih.2001.pdf

Body Weight Decrease (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

Toxicological Data. Human Data. Chronic exposure to sodium hexafluorosilicate dust at levels above the eight-hour TWA can result in severe calcification of the ribs, pelvis, and spinal column ligaments; effects on the enzyme system; pulmonary fibrosis; stiffness; irritation of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes; weight loss; anorexia; anemia; cachexia; wasting; and dental effects. Long-term or repeated exposure to the skin can result in skin rash. A probable oral lethal dose of 50-500 mg/kg, classified as very toxic, has been reported for a 150-pound (70-kg) person receiving between 1 teaspoon and 1 ounce of sodium hexafluorosilicate. Cases of sodium hexafluorosilicate ingestion reported symptoms such as acute respiratory failure, ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, hypocalcemia, facial numbness, diarrhea, tachycardia, enlarged liver, and cramps of the palms, feet, and legs.
---- [Note from FAN. see: Case definition of AIDS as cachexia is cited.]
Ref: Sodium Hexafluorosilicate [CASRN 16893-85-9] and Fluorosilicic Acid [CASRN 16961-83-4]. Review of Toxicological Literature. October 2001. Prepared for Scott Masten, Ph.D. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences P.O. Box 12233 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 Contract No. N01-ES-65402. Submitted by Karen E. Haneke, M.S. (Principal Investigator) Bonnie L. Carson, M.S. (Co-Principal Investigator) Integrated Laboratory Systems P.O. Box 13501 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/fluorosilicates.nih.2001.pdf

Bone (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

-- Toxicological Data. Human Data. Chronic exposure to sodium hexafluorosilicate dust at levels above the eight-hour TWA can result in severe calcification of the ribs, pelvis, and spinal column ligaments; effects on the enzyme system; pulmonary fibrosis; stiffness; irritation of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes; weight loss; anorexia; anemia; cachexia; wasting; and dental effects. Long-term or repeated exposure to the skin can result in skin rash. A probable oral lethal dose of 50-500 mg/kg, classified as very toxic, has been reported for a 150-pound (70-kg) person receiving between 1 teaspoon and 1 ounce of sodium hexafluorosilicate. Cases of sodium hexafluorosilicate ingestion reported symptoms such as acute respiratory failure, ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, hypocalcemia, facial numbness, diarrhea, tachycardia, enlarged liver, and cramps of the palms, feet, and legs.
-- Mice orally given sodium hexafluorosilicate (70 mg/kg; 0.37 mmol/kg) exhibited toxic effects in the peripheral nerves, sensation, and in behavior. In rats, an oral dose (248 mg/kg; 1.32 mmol/kg) administered intermittently for one month produced toxic effects in the kidney, ureter, and/or bladder, as well as musculoskeletal and biochemical effects (RTECS, 1997). Using guinea pigs, inhalation experiments (13-55 mg/m 3 [1.7-7.2 ppm] sodium hexafluorosilicate in air for ¥6 hours) resulted in pulmonary irritation; the lowest concentration that caused death was 33 mg/m 3 (4.3 ppm) (Patty, 1963; cited by HSDB, 2000b).
Ref: Sodium Hexafluorosilicate [CASRN 16893-85-9] and Fluorosilicic Acid [CASRN 16961-83-4]. Review of Toxicological Literature. October 2001. Prepared for Scott Masten, Ph.D. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences P.O. Box 12233 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 Contract No. N01-ES-65402. Submitted by Karen E. Haneke, M.S. (Principal Investigator) Bonnie L. Carson, M.S. (Co-Principal Investigator) Integrated Laboratory Systems P.O. Box 13501 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/fluorosilicates.nih.2001.pdf

Dermal (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

-- Within one week after beginning work in a foam rubber plant, a 23-year-old man exhibited skin lesions consisting of "diffuse, poorly delineated, erythematous plaques with lichenoid papules and large pustules" on his arms, wrists, thighs, and trunk. Although scratch and patch tests with sodium hexafluorosilicate (2% aqueous) were negative, animal testing showed the compound to be a pustulogen. When rabbits received topical application of a 1, 5, 10, and 25% solution of sodium hexafluorosilicate in petroleum, pustules occurred on normal skin only with the high concentration, while all concentrations produced pustules on stabbed skin (Dooms-Goossens et al., 1985).
-- -- Rabbits, New Zealand; 0.5 mL (4 mol) to the intact and abraded skin for 1, 24, or 72 h Severe erythema and edema were observed, indicating the material to be a primary irritant. Rhone- Poulenc Inc. (1971)
Ref: Review of Toxicological Literature. October 2001. Sodium Hexafluorosilicate [CASRN 16893-85-9] and Fluorosilicic Acid [CASRN 16961-83-4]. Prepared for Scott Masten, Ph.D. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences P.O. Box 12233 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709. Contract No. N01-ES-65402. Submitted by Karen E. Haneke, M.S. (Principal Investigator) Bonnie L. Carson, M.S. (Co-Principal Investigator) Integrated Laboratory Systems P.O. Box 13501 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/fluorosilicates.nih.2001.pdf

• Definition for Erythema - abnormal redness of the skin resulting from dilation of blood vessels (as in sunburn or inflammation)

Heart (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

-- Toxicological Data. Human Data. Chronic exposure to sodium hexafluorosilicate dust at levels above the eight-hour TWA can result in severe calcification of the ribs, pelvis, and spinal column ligaments; effects on the enzyme system; pulmonary fibrosis; stiffness; irritation of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes; weight loss; anorexia; anemia; cachexia; wasting; and dental effects. Long-term or repeated exposure to the skin can result in skin rash. A probable oral lethal dose of 50-500 mg/kg, classified as very toxic, has been reported for a 150-pound (70-kg) person receiving between 1 teaspoon and 1 ounce of sodium hexafluorosilicate. Cases of sodium hexafluorosilicate ingestion reported symptoms such as acute respiratory failure, ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, hypocalcemia, facial numbness, diarrhea, tachycardia, enlarged liver, and cramps of the palms, feet, and legs.
-- -- Guinea pigs, 13- 55 mg/ m 3 (1.2- 7.2 ppm) in air for ¥ 6 h; Pulmonary irritation was observed. The lowest concentration that caused death when inhaled for 6 h was 33 mg/ m 3 . Patty (1963; cited by HSDB, 2000b)
-- -- Mice orally given sodium hexafluorosilicate (70 mg/kg; 0.37 mmol/kg) exhibited toxic effects in the peripheral nerves, sensation, and in behavior. In rats, an oral dose (248 mg/kg; 1.32 mmol/kg) administered intermittently for one month produced toxic effects in the kidney, ureter, and/or bladder, as well as musculoskeletal and biochemical effects (RTECS, 1997). Using guinea pigs, inhalation experiments (13-55 mg/m 3 [1.7-7.2 ppm] sodium hexafluorosilicate in air for ¥6 hours) resulted in pulmonary irritation; the lowest concentration that caused death was 33 mg/m 3 (4.3 ppm) (Patty, 1963; cited by HSDB, 2000b).
Ref: Sodium Hexafluorosilicate [CASRN 16893-85-9] and Fluorosilicic Acid [CASRN 16961-83-4]. Review of Toxicological Literature. October 2001. Prepared for Scott Masten, Ph.D. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences P.O. Box 12233 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 Contract No. N01-ES-65402. Submitted by Karen E. Haneke, M.S. (Principal Investigator) Bonnie L. Carson, M.S. (Co-Principal Investigator) Integrated Laboratory Systems P.O. Box 13501 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Fluorosilicates.NIH.2001.pdf

Kidney (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

-- Mice orally given sodium hexafluorosilicate (70 mg/kg; 0.37 mmol/kg) exhibited toxic effects in the peripheral nerves, sensation, and in behavior. In rats, an oral dose (248 mg/kg; 1.32 mmol/kg) administered intermittently for one month produced toxic effects in the kidney, ureter, and/or bladder, as well as musculoskeletal and biochemical effects (RTECS, 1997). Using guinea pigs, inhalation experiments (13-55 mg/m 3 [1.7-7.2 ppm] sodium hexafluorosilicate in air for ¥6 hours) resulted in pulmonary irritation; the lowest concentration that caused death was 33 mg/m 3 (4.3 ppm) (Patty, 1963; cited by HSDB, 2000b).
-- Mouse strain, 70 mg/ kg (LD 50 ; 0.37 mmol/ kg); Toxic effects were observed in the peripheral nerves and sensation (flaccid paralysis without anesthesia, generally neuromuscular blockage) and in behavior (ataxia and muscle contraction or spasticity). RTECS* (1997)
-- Rats, oral; 248 mg/ kg (1.32 mmol/ kg) for 30 days intermittent; Toxic effects in the kidney, ureter, and/ or bladder (other changes in urine composition) were observed. Musculoskeletal (other changes) and biochemical (enzyme inhibition, induction, or changes in blood or tissue [phosphatases] levels) effects were seen. RTECS* (1997)
-- Rats, 70 mg/ kg (LD Lo ; 0.37 mmol/ kg); Fatty liver degeneration and other changes in the liver and toxic effects in the kidney, ureter, and bladder primarily changes in glomeruli were observed. RTECS* (1997)
Ref: Review of Toxicological Literature. October 2001. Sodium Hexafluorosilicate [CASRN 16893-85-9] and Fluorosilicic Acid [CASRN 16961-83-4]. Prepared for Scott Masten, Ph.D. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences P.O. Box 12233 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709. Contract No. N01-ES-65402. Submitted by Karen E. Haneke, M.S. (Principal Investigator) Bonnie L. Carson, M.S. (Co-Principal Investigator) Integrated Laboratory Systems P.O. Box 13501 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/gluorosilicates.nih.2001.pdf

Liver (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

Sheep, Awassi breed, 1- to 3- yr- old, 5F technical sodium hexafluorosilicate, 25, 50, 200, 1500, and 2000 mg/ kg (0.13, 0.27, 1.06, 7.976, and 10.63 mmol/ kg) suspended in water; duration and observation period n. p. With the 25- and 50- mg/ kg doses, animals exhibited grinding of teeth (an indication of pain), dullness, and mild diarrhea. At 200 mg/ kg, additional symptoms were experienced and included staggering and severe diarrhea. Animals died on day 6. With the two higher doses, licking of the lips, kicking of the belly, grinding of the teeth, falling down (after 1.5 h), frothing at the mouth, congested conjunctiva, protrudation of the tongue, forced and labored breathing, fever, and increased respiration and heart rates were observed. Animals died 3 h after administration of 1500 mg/ kg and 2.5 h after administration of 2000 mg/ kg. Post- mortem examination showed serous pericardial fluid (few milliliters), a slightly friable liver, mild edema in the lungs, and froth in the trachea. Hemorrhages occurred on the spleen and mucosal folds of the abomasum, and a gelatinous fluid was present in the colon. For the 1500 mg/ kg- dose group, the change in GOT went from 132% (of pretreatment activity) at 1.5 hours to 230% at 2.5 hours. For LDH, the change was 158% at death. The serum ICDH [isocitrate dehydrogenase] change increased from 168% after one hour to 984% at death. Egyed and Shlosberg (1975)
-- Toxicological Data. Human Data. Chronic exposure to sodium hexafluorosilicate dust at levels above the eight-hour TWA can result in severe calcification of the ribs, pelvis, and spinal column ligaments; effects on the enzyme system; pulmonary fibrosis; stiffness; irritation of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes; weight loss; anorexia; anemia; cachexia; wasting; and dental effects. Long-term or repeated exposure to the skin can result in skin rash. A probable oral lethal dose of 50-500 mg/kg, classified as very toxic, has been reported for a 150-pound (70-kg) person receiving between 1 teaspoon and 1 ounce of sodium hexafluorosilicate. Cases of sodium hexafluorosilicate ingestion reported symptoms such as acute respiratory failure, ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, hypocalcemia, facial numbness, diarrhea, tachycardia, enlarged liver, and cramps of the palms, feet, and legs.
Ref: Sodium Hexafluorosilicate [CASRN 16893-85-9] and Fluorosilicic Acid [CASRN 16961-83-4]. Review of Toxicological Literature. October 2001. Prepared for Scott Masten, Ph.D. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences P.O. Box 12233 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 Contract No. N01-ES-65402. Submitted by Karen E. Haneke, M.S. (Principal Investigator) Bonnie L. Carson, M.S. (Co-Principal Investigator) Integrated Laboratory Systems P.O. Box 13501 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/fluorosilicates.nih.2001.pdf

Lung (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

-- Toxicological Data. Human Data. Chronic exposure to sodium hexafluorosilicate dust at levels above the eight-hour TWA can result in severe calcification of the ribs, pelvis, and spinal column ligaments; effects on the enzyme system; pulmonary fibrosis; stiffness; irritation of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes; weight loss; anorexia; anemia; cachexia; wasting; and dental effects. Long-term or repeated exposure to the skin can result in skin rash. A probable oral lethal dose of 50-500 mg/kg, classified as very toxic, has been reported for a 150-pound (70-kg) person receiving between 1 teaspoon and 1 ounce of sodium hexafluorosilicate. Cases of sodium hexafluorosilicate ingestion reported symptoms such as acute respiratory failure, ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, hypocalcemia, facial numbness, diarrhea, tachycardia, enlarged liver, and cramps of the palms, feet, and legs.
-- -- Guinea pigs, 13- 55 mg/ m 3 (1.2- 7.2 ppm) in air for ¥ 6 h; Pulmonary irritation was observed. The lowest concentration that caused death when inhaled for 6 h was 33 mg/ m 3 . Patty (1963; cited by HSDB, 2000b)
-- -- Mice orally given sodium hexafluorosilicate (70 mg/kg; 0.37 mmol/kg) exhibited toxic effects in the peripheral nerves, sensation, and in behavior. In rats, an oral dose (248 mg/kg; 1.32 mmol/kg) administered intermittently for one month produced toxic effects in the kidney, ureter, and/or bladder, as well as musculoskeletal and biochemical effects (RTECS, 1997). Using guinea pigs, inhalation experiments (13-55 mg/m 3 [1.7-7.2 ppm] sodium hexafluorosilicate in air for ¥6 hours) resulted in pulmonary irritation; the lowest concentration that caused death was 33 mg/m 3 (4.3 ppm) (Patty, 1963; cited by HSDB, 2000b).
Ref: Sodium Hexafluorosilicate [CASRN 16893-85-9] and Fluorosilicic Acid [CASRN 16961-83-4]. Review of Toxicological Literature. October 2001. Prepared for Scott Masten, Ph.D. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences P.O. Box 12233 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 Contract No. N01-ES-65402. Submitted by Karen E. Haneke, M.S. (Principal Investigator) Bonnie L. Carson, M.S. (Co-Principal Investigator) Integrated Laboratory Systems P.O. Box 13501 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/fluorosilicates.nih.2001.pdf

Poisoning Incident

A 2 1/2 year old colored girl was brought to the emergency room with progressive vomiting and lethargy of about six hours' duration. The respiratory rate was only 6 to 8 breaths per minute. The child had a disconjugate gaze with coarse horizontal nystagmus and muscular fasciculation throughout the body. A soft systolic ejection murmur was audible at the left sternal border.
The child had been playing with a laundry powder called "Rayline Brand Laundry Sout" (manufactured by BASF, Wyandotte Corporation in Michigan) which contained sodium silicofluoride. Na2S4F6 as its major ingredient. Laboratory data showed a BUN of 31 mg/100 ml, 2 + protein and 40 red blood cells/high power field. The plasma sodium was 138 mEq/liter, potassium 6.7, bicarbonate 13 and chloride 107. Serum calcium was 3.4 mg/100 ml, the lowest ever reported in fluoride poisoning. The EKG showed peaked t-waves which were inverted in the chest leads.
After admission the patient developed acute respiratory failure which required assisted ventilation for 48 hours. Repeated episodes of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation were treated with lidocaine and eight separate courses of direct current cardioversion. The hypocalcemia was treated with three intravenous infusions of 10% calcium chloride (0.3 gms) followed by calcium gluconate and 0.1% calcium hydroxide (lime water) and aluminum hydroxide by nasogastric tube which brought the serum calcum up to 13 mg/100 ml. Aspiration pneumonia required penicillin, kanamycin, and dexamethasone. Peritoneal dialysis was instituted with a calcium concentration of 10 mg/100 ml and continued for 48 hours.
The patient became responsive 18 hours after admission and returned to full consciousness two days later. There were no mucosal burns or ulcerations and the upper gastrointestinal examination was normal.
The serum fluoride levels were extremely high (14 mg/liter) but dropped to 1.8 mg/liter after 11 hours and to 0.1 mg/liter 21 hours after the ingestion of the poison. Urinary fluoride excretion amounted to 24.8 mg over the first three days. The average fluoride clearance was 98 ml/min/1.73 sq m. In view of the fact serum levels above 3 mg/liter had been fatal in other cases, the authors attributed the improvement mainly to the gastric lavage with calcium salts and to the maintanence of a urinary output. Peritoneal dialysis resulted in no significant removal of fluoride. The fluoride level of the effluent was less than the fluoride level of the bottled dialysate, which had evidently been prepared from fluoridated water.
Ref: Yolken R, Konecny P, McCarthy P (1976). Acute fluoride poisoning. Pediatrics 1976; 58:90-93. As abstracted in Fluoride 1977; 10(1):38-39

Spleen (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

-- Sheep, Awassi breed, 1- to 3- yr- old, 5F technical sodium hexafluorosilicate, 25, 50, 200, 1500, and 2000 mg/ kg (0.13, 0.27, 1.06, 7.976, and 10.63 mmol/ kg) suspended in water; duration and observation period n. p. With the 25- and 50- mg/ kg doses, animals exhibited grinding of teeth (an indication of pain), dullness, and mild diarrhea. At 200 mg/ kg, additional symptoms were experienced and included staggering and severe diarrhea. Animals died on day 6. With the two higher doses, licking of the lips, kicking of the belly, grinding of the teeth, falling down (after 1.5 h), frothing at the mouth, congested conjunctiva, protrudation of the tongue, forced and labored breathing, fever, and increased respiration and heart rates were observed. Animals died 3 h after administration of 1500 mg/ kg and 2.5 h after administration of 2000 mg/ kg. Post- mortem examination showed serous pericardial fluid (few milliliters), a slightly friable liver, mild edema in the lungs, and froth in the trachea. Hemorrhages occurred on the spleen and mucosal folds of the abomasum, and a gelatinous fluid was present in the colon. For the 1500 mg/ kg- dose group, the change in GOT went from 132% (of pretreatment activity) at 1.5 hours to 230% at 2.5 hours. For LDH, the change was 158% at death. The serum ICDH change increased from 168% after one hour to 984% at death. Egyed and Shlosberg (1975)
Ref: Review of Toxicological Literature. October 2001. Sodium Hexafluorosilicate [CASRN 16893-85-9] and Fluorosilicic Acid [CASRN 16961-83-4]. Prepared for Scott Masten, Ph.D. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences P.O. Box 12233 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709. Contract No. N01-ES-65402. Submitted by Karen E. Haneke, M.S. (Principal Investigator) Bonnie L. Carson, M.S. (Co-Principal Investigator) Integrated Laboratory Systems P.O. Box 13501 Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/fluorosilicates.nih.2001.pdf