Adverse Effects
Pyraflufen-ethyl
CAS No.
129630-19-9

 
 

Return to Index Page

Activity: Herbicide (pyrazolylphenyl)

Structure for "Pyraflufen"

Adverse Effects:
Body Weight Decrease
Blood

Cancer: Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans: LIVER
Eye
Kidney

Liver
Environmental

• On April 30, 2003, US EPA approved the first-time use of Pyraflufen and Pyraflufen-ethyl in or on food commodities - see list at bottom of the page.

• Pyraflufen-ethyl is also registered in the US for use in/on:
Cotton, airports, nurseries, ornamental turf, golf courses, roadsides, and railroads.


Body Weight Decrease (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

Developmental toxicity- rabbit. LOAEL = 60 mg/kg/day based on decreases in body weight and food consumption, GI observations, and abortions.
Ref: Federal Register: April 30, 2003. Pyraflufen-ethyl; Pesticide Tolerance. Final Rule.
http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/pyraflufen-ethy.fr.apr30.03.htm

Reproductive toxicity Target / critical effect - Reproduction: Reduced body weight gain of pups during lactation at parental toxic doses. Lowest relevant reproductive NOAEL / NOEL: NOAELsyst.tox = 1000 ppm (70.8 mg/kg bw/d) NOAELreprotox = 1000ppm ( 70.8 mg/kg bw/d) Target / critical effect - Developmental toxicity: Implantation loss and retardations in rabbits at maternally toxic doses (mortality). Lowest relevant developmental NOAEL / NOEL: 20 mg/kg bw/d
Ref: July 2, 2002 - Review report for the active substance pyraflufen-ethyl. Finalised in the Standing Committee on Plant Health at its meeting on 29 June 2001 in view of the inclusion of Pyraflufen-ethyl in Annex I of Directive 91/414/EEC. SANCO/3039/99-FINAL. European Commission Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-General.

http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Pyraflufen-eth.EU.July.2002.pdf

Blood (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

-- Short term toxicity Target / critical effect: Liver, kidney, red blood cells. Lowest relevant oral NOAEL / NOEL: 200 ppm (20 mg/kg bw/d) 90 day mouse (satellite group in 78 wk study)
-- Long term toxicity and carcinogenicity Target / critical effect: Red blood cells and liver in mice, urinary and biliary tract in rats.
Ref: July 2, 2002 - Review report for the active substance pyraflufen-ethyl. Finalised in the Standing Committee on Plant Health at its meeting on 29 June 2001 in view of the inclusion of Pyraflufen-ethyl in Annex I of Directive 91/414/EEC. SANCO/3039/99-FINAL. European Commission Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-General.

http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Pyraflufen-eth.EU.July.2002.pdf

Cancer: Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans. Hepatocellular adenomas and combined adenomas, carcinomas and/or hepatoblastomas in male and female (SPF) ICR (Crj:CD-1) mice.
Ref:
April 26, 2006 . Chemicals Evaluated for Carcinogenic Potential by the Office of Pesticide Programs. From: Jess Rowland, Chief Science Information Management Branch Health Effect Division (7509C) Office of Pesticide Programs, USEPA.
http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/pesticides.cancer.potential.2006.pdf

-- Classification: ``Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans'' by the oral route Q1* = 3.32 x 10-2 (mg/kg/day)-1
--
Carcinogenicity in mice. NOAEL = 200 ppm (20.99 mg/kg/day (M); 19.58 mg/kg/day (F). LOAEL = 1,000 ppm (109.7 mg/kg/day (M); 98.3 mg/kg/day (F) based on liver toxicity, hepatocellular tumors at 5,000 ppm; possibly hemangioma/ hemangioasarcomas.
Ref: Federal Register: April 30, 2003. Pyraflufen-ethyl; Pesticide Tolerance. Final Rule.
http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/pyraflufen-ethy.fr.apr30.03.htm

The exposure from pyraflufen-ethyl residues in food results in a cancer risk in the range of 1 in 1 million and is not a concern.
Ref: Federal Register: May 12, 2004. Pyraflufen-ethyl; Pesticide Tolerance. Final Rule.

http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/pyraflufen-ethyl.fr.may.04.htm

Eye (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

Human Health Effects. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classifies Edict [which contains pyraflufe-ethyl] as category I (High Toxicity) with a signal word of DANGER because of irreversible damage to the eyes and harm if swallowed or absorbed through the skin.
Ref: Pyraflufen. Roadside Vegetation Management Herbicide Fact Sheet. Washington State Department of Transportation.
http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/pyraflufen.fact.sheet.washington.pdf

Kidney (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

-- Short term toxicity Target / critical effect: Liver, kidney, red blood cells. Lowest relevant oral NOAEL / NOEL: 200 ppm (20 mg/kg bw/d) 90 day mouse (satellite group in 78 wk study)
Ref: July 2, 2002 - Review report for the active substance pyraflufen-ethyl. Finalised in the Standing Committee on Plant Health at its meeting on 29 June 2001 in view of the inclusion of Pyraflufen-ethyl in Annex I of Directive 91/414/EEC. SANCO/3039/99-FINAL. European Commission Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-General.

http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Pyraflufen-eth.EU.July.2002.pdf

Liver (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

Likely to be Carcinogenic to Humans. Hepatocellular adenomas and combined adenomas, carcinomas and/or hepatoblastomas in male and female (SPF) ICR (Crj:CD-1) mice.
Ref:
April 26, 2006 . Chemicals Evaluated for Carcinogenic Potential by the Office of Pesticide Programs. From: Jess Rowland, Chief Science Information Management Branch Health Effect Division (7509C) Office of Pesticide Programs, USEPA.
http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/pesticides.cancer.potential.2006.pdf

-- Short term toxicity Target / critical effect: Liver, kidney, red blood cells. Lowest relevant oral NOAEL / NOEL: 200 ppm (20 mg/kg bw/d) 90 day mouse (satellite group in 78 wk study)
-- Long term toxicity and carcinogenicity Target / critical effect: Red blood cells and liver in mice, urinary and biliary tract in rats.Lowest relevant NOAEL: 200 ppm (20 mg/kg bw/d ) 2 year mice study 400 ppm ( 20 mg/kg bw/d) 2 year rat study. Carcinogenicity: Increased incidence of hepatocellular adenomas in mice at hepatotoxic doses, not carcinogenic in rats. Classification and labelling not appropriate.
-- Other toxicological studies. Accumulation of porphyrins in all organs except skin and Harderian glands. Inhibitor of some liver P450 dependent activities; inhibitor of catalase. Induction of liver single cell necrosis followed by mitosis.
Ref: July 2, 2002 - Review report for the active substance pyraflufen-ethyl. European Commission Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-General.

http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Pyraflufen-eth.EU.July.2002.pdf

Environmental (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

Particular conditions to be taken into account on short term basis by Member States in relation to the granting of authorisations of plant protection products containing pyraflufen-ethyl On the basis of the proposed and supported uses [herbicide use in cereals], the following particular issues have been identified as requiring particular and short term (within 12 months at the latest) attention from the Member States, in the framework of any authorisations to be granted, varied or withdrawn, as appropriate:
- Member States must pay particular attention to the protection of algae and aquatic plants and should apply, where appropriate, risk mitigation measures.
- The acid metabolite (designated as E1) has a potential for leaching which might require particular attention in vulnerable areas to ensure protection of groundwater.

Ref: July 2, 2002 - Review report for the active substance pyraflufen-ethyl. Finalised in the Standing Committee on Plant Health at its meeting on 29 June 2001 in view of the inclusion of Pyraflufen-ethyl in Annex I of Directive 91/414/EEC. SANCO/3039/99-FINAL. European Commission Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-General.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Pyraflufen-eth.EU.July.2002.pdf


A  February 16, 2005, check at the Code of Federal Regulations for Pyraflufen-ethyl (and its acid metabolite): this herbicide is permitted in or on 13 food commodities in the United States. The following list identifies these crops for which EPA has set pesticide tolerances. 
[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 40, Volume 22]
[Revised as of July 1, 2004]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 40CFR180.585]
[Page 514]

TITLE 40--PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT

CHAPTER I--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)

PART 180_TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FROM TOLERANCES FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICALS
IN FOOD--Table of Contents

Subpart C_Specific Tolerances

Sec. 180.585 Pyraflufen-ethyl; tolerances for residues.
(a) General. Tolerances are established for residues of the
herbicide pyraflufen-ethyl
(ethyl 2-chloro-5-(4-chloro-5-
difluoromethoxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-fluorophenoxyacetate) and
its acid metabolite
, E-1 (2-chloro-5-(4-chloro-5-difluoromethoxy-1-
methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4- fluorophenoxyacetic acid), in or on the
following raw agricultural commodities:
Commodity Parts per million
Corn, field, forage 0.01
Corn, field, grain 0.01
Corn, field, stover 0.01
Cotton, gin byproduct 1.5
Cotton, undelinted seed 0.04
Potato 0.02
Soybean, forage 0.01
Soybean, hay 0.01
Soybean, seed 0.01
Wheat, forage 0.1
Wheat, grain 0.01
Wheat, hay 0.1
Wheat, straw 0.01
(b) Section 18 emergency exemptions. [Reserved]
(c) Tolerances with regional registrations. [Reserved]
(d) Indirect or inadvertent residues. [Reserved]
 
Fluoride Action Network | Pesticide Project | 315-379-9200 | pesticides@fluoridealert.org