Return to Ethalfluralin
Index Page
Activity: Herbicide
(2,6-Dinitroaniline)
Structure:
Adverse Effects:
Ataxia
Bladder
Blood
Body Weight Decrease
Bone (including Cleft Palate)
Cancer: Possible Human Carcinogen - BREAST,
BLADDER, KIDNEY
Cholesterol
Clastogenic /Mutgenic
Developmental toxicant
Endocrine: Breast
Endocrine: Ovary
Kidney
Liver
Teratogen
Environmental
As of
Febrtuary 14, 2005, this herbicide is permitted in
or on 26 food commodities
in the United States - see list at bottom of page.
|
Ataxia
(click on for all fluorinated
pesticides)
Short-term inhalation
(1 to 7 days). Intermediate-term Inhalation (1 week to several
months). Long-term inhalation (several months to lifetime). (Residential):
Clinical signs included hypoactivity, dyspnea, ataxia,
chromodacryorrhea, poor grooming, and yellow urine; these were
reversible after 4 days (LC 50 0.94 mg/ L).
Ref: Federal Register. January 17, 2002.
Ethalfluralin; Pesticide Tolerance. Final Rule.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Ethalfluralin.FR.Jan17.2002.htm
BLADDER
(click on for all fluorinated pesticides)
Group C --
Possible Human Carcinogen. Mammary tumors
(F); Suggestion of bladder tumors
(F) and kidney tumors (M & F);
Fischer 344 rats.
Ref: April
26, 2006 . Chemicals Evaluated for Carcinogenic Potential by the
Office of Pesticide Programs. From: Jess Rowland, Chief Science
Information Management Branch Health Effect Division (7509C) Office
of Pesticide Programs, USEPA.
http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/pesticides.cancer.potential.2006.pdf
Blood
(click
on for all fluorinated pesticides)
1-year
oral toxicity study in dogs. NOAEL = 4.0 mg/kg/day. LOAEL = 20
mg/kg/day based on altered red cell morphology
and urinary bilirubin.
Ref: Federal Register: August 8, 2001. Ethalfluralin;
Pesticide Tolerances for Emergency Exemptions. Final Rule.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Ethalfluralin.FR.Aug8.2001.htm
Chronic toxicity. Ethalfluralin was administered to Fisher 344
rats in the diet for 2 years in combined chronic toxicity and
carcinogenicity replicate studies. The doses were equivalent to
0, 4.2, 10.7, or 32.3 mg/kg/day. The NOAEL for systemic effects
was 32.3 mg/kg/ day. Mammary gland fibroadenomas
were found in dosed female rats at statistically significant incidences
in the mid and high doses. Ethalfluralin was administered to B6C3F1
mice in the diet for 2 years in combined chronic toxicity and
carcinogenicity replicate studies. The doses were equivalent to
0, 10.3, 41.9, or 163.3 mg/kg/day. No increased incidence of neoplasms
was attributed to the treatment. The NOAEL was 10.3 mg/kg/day.
The mid dose (LOAEL) and high dose showed focal hepatocellular
hyperplasia in both sexes. There were increased relative liver,
kidney, and heart weights in females. Some blood
changes were found also, including decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin,
and erythrocyte count accompanied by increased mean corpuscular
hemoglobin concentration in high dose females.
Alkaline phosphatase values were increased at the high dose in
both sexes. Body weight
gain decreased at the high dose.
Ref: Federal Register: November 14, 2001.
[Notices] [Page 57082-57086]. Notice of Filing a Pesticide Petition
to Establish a Tolerance for a Certain Pesticide Chemical in or
on Food.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Ethalfluralin.FR.Nov14.2001.htm
Body
Weight Decrease (click
on for all fluorinated pesticides)
--
In the developmental toxicity study in rats, the maternal (systemic)
NOAEL was 50 milligrams/ kilograms/day (mg/kg/day), based on decreased
body weight gain and dark urine at the LOAEL of 250 mg/kg/day.
The developmental (fetal) NOAEL was 1,000 mg/kg/day the highest
dose tested (HDT).
-- In the developmental toxicity study in rabbits, the maternal
(systemic) NOAEL was 75 mg/kg/day, based on abortions and decreased
food consumption at the LOAEL of 150 mg/kg/day.
-- In a 3-generation reproductive toxicity study in rats, the
parental (systemic) NOAEL was 12.5 mg/kg/ day, based on decreased
mean body weight gains in males in all generations at the
LOAEL of 37.5 mg/kg/day. The reproductive (pup) NOAEL was 37.5
mg/kg/day the HDT.
Ref: Federal Register: August 8, 2001. Ethalfluralin;
Pesticide Tolerances for Emergency Exemptions. Final Rule.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Ethalfluralin.FR.Aug8.2001.htm
Ethalfluralin
was evaluated for developmental toxicity. The test material was
administered orally to 14, 13, 15, and 13 inseminated Dutch-Belted
rabbits in doses of 0, 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg/day, respectively,
on days 6-18 of gestation. Four, 9, and 7 rabbits of the 250,
500, and 750 mg/kg/day groups, respectively, aborted and were
killed. Abortions were preceded by extended
periods of anorexia and weight loss. Anorexia and substantial
weight loss were observed during dosing at 250 mg/kg/day and above.
Decreased live litter size and an increase
in resorption incidence occurred at 500 and 750 mg/kg/day. No
live fetuses were recovered at 750 mg/kg/day. No effects on sex
distribution or weight were observed. No treatment related skeletal
or visceral defects were observed. The authors concluded that
maternal toxicity was observed at all dose levels. No teratogenicity
was observed at any dose level.
Ref: 1992.
INITIAL SUBMISSION: A TERATOLOGY STUDY WITH ETHALFLURALIN IN DUTCH-BELTED
RABBITS WITH COVER LETTER DATED 08-21-92. ELI LILLY & CO.
The National Technical Information Service.
Report Number: NTIS/OTS0545185.
Ethalfluralin was evaluated
for developmental toxicity. Fourteen, 11, and 14 pregnant Dutch-Belted
rabbits were administered 0, 75, and 250 mg/kg/day of the test
substance respectively, on days 6-18 of gestation. An
increase in the number of anorectic
rabbits occurred at 250 mg/kg/day.
Four and 3 rabbits of the 75 and
250 mg/kg/day dose group, respectively, died or aborted. The abortions
were preceded by anorexia and weight loss. Nine, 9, and
12 rabbits of the 0, 75, and 250 mg/kg/day dose groups were available
for evaluation. Live litter size, resorption occurrence, fetal
viability, and sex distribution were unaffected by treatment.
Mean fetal weights of the treatment groups
were lower than controls but the differences were not statistically
significant. An increase in the incidence
of skeletal abnormalities, including cleft palate and crooked
ribs, was observed at 250 mg/kg/day. No treatment related visceral
abnormalities were observed. The
250 mg/kg/day dose was maternally toxic but not teratogenic since
the increased incidence of fetal defects was associated with anorexic
dams. The 75 mg/kg/day dose was a no-effect level.
Ref: 1992.
INITIAL SUBMISSION: A TERATOLOGY STUDY WITH ETHALFLURALIN IN DUTCH-BELTED
RABBITS WITH COVER LETTER DATED 08-21-92. ELI LILLY & CO.
The National Technical Information Service.
Report Number: NTIS/OTS0545085.
Bone
(click
on for all fluorinated pesticides)
Beagle dogs were given
0, 4, 20, or 80 mg/kg/day orally, by capsule, for 1-year. The
NOAEL was 4 mg/kg/day. The LOAEL was 20 mg/kg/ day, based on increased
urinary bilirubin, variations in erythrocyte
morphology, increased thrombocyte count, and increased
erythroid series of the bone marrow.
Elevated alkaline phosphatase levels were found at the two higher
doses and siderosis of the liver at the high dose.
Ref: Federal Register. November 14, 2001.
[PF-1052; FRL-6808-9] http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Ethalfluralin.FR.Nov14.2001.htm
-- Oral developmental
toxicity study in rabbits. NOAEL = 75 mg/kg/day. LOAEL = 150 mg/kg/day
based on an increased number of resorptions and increased sternal
and cranial variations.
-- In the developmental toxicity study in rabbits, the maternal
(systemic) NOAEL was 75 mg/kg/day, based on abortions and decreased
food consumption at the LOAEL of 150 mg/kg/day.
The developmental (fetal) NOAEL was also 75 mg/kg/day, based on
a slightly increased number of resorptions, abnormal
cranial development, and increased sternal variants at
the LOAEL of 150 mg/kg/day.
Ref: Federal Register: August 8, 2001. Ethalfluralin;
Pesticide Tolerances for Emergency Exemptions. Final Rule.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Ethalfluralin.FR.Aug8.2001.htm
Ethalfluralin was evaluated
for developmental toxicity. Fourteen, 11, and 14 pregnant Dutch-Belted
rabbits were administered 0, 75, and 250 mg/kg/day of the test
substance respectively, on days 6-18 of gestation. An
increase in the number of anorectic
rabbits occurred at 250 mg/kg/day.
Four and 3 rabbits of the 75 and
250 mg/kg/day dose group, respectively, died or aborted. The abortions
were preceded by anorexia and weight loss. Nine, 9, and
12 rabbits of the 0, 75, and 250 mg/kg/day dose groups were available
for evaluation. Live litter size, resorption occurrence, fetal
viability, and sex distribution were unaffected by treatment.
Mean fetal weights of the treatment groups
were lower than controls but the differences were not statistically
significant. An increase in the incidence
of skeletal abnormalities, including cleft palate and crooked
ribs, was observed at 250 mg/kg/day. No treatment related
visceral abnormalities were observed. The
250 mg/kg/day dose was maternally toxic but not teratogenic since
the increased incidence of fetal defects was associated with anorexic
dams. The 75 mg/kg/day dose was a no-effect level.
Ref: 1992.
INITIAL SUBMISSION: A TERATOLOGY STUDY WITH ETHALFLURALIN IN DUTCH-BELTED
RABBITS WITH COVER LETTER DATED 08-21-92. ELI LILLY & CO.
The National Technical Information Service.
Report Number: NTIS/OTS0545085.
Cancer:
Possible Human Carcinogen - BREAST, BLADDER, KIDNEY(click
on for all fluorinated pesticides)
Group C --
Possible Human Carcinogen. Mammary tumors
(F); Suggestion of bladder tumors
(F) and kidney tumors (M & F);
Fischer 344 rats.
Ref: April
26, 2006 . Chemicals Evaluated for Carcinogenic Potential by the
Office of Pesticide Programs. From: Jess Rowland, Chief Science
Information Management Branch Health Effect Division (7509C) Office
of Pesticide Programs, USEPA.
http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/pesticides.cancer.potential.2006.pdf
Group
C--Possible Human Carcinogen.
Reviewed 9/ 14/ 94.
Ref:
List of Chemicals Evaluated for Carcinogenic Potential. Science
Information Management Branch, Health Effects Division, Office
of Pesticide Programs, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency.
March 15, 2002.
http://www.biomuncie.org/chemicals_evaluated_for_carcinog.htm
--
Combined chronic toxicity/ carcinogenicity in rats. NOAEL = 32.3
mg/kg/ day HDT. LOAEL = > 32.3 mg/ kg/day no systemic effects
were seen at the HDT. Mammary gland fibroadenomas
were found in dosed female rats at statistically
significant incidences in mid and high doses.
-- Cancer (oral, dermal, inhalation). Ethalfluralin has been classified
as a possible human carcinogen (Group C). Q1* = 8.9 x 10-2 (mg/kg/
day)-1. 2-year chronic carcinogenicity study in rats, showing
an increased incidence of mammary gland
fibroadenomas and combined adenomas/ fibroadenomas in female
rats.
-- In vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test: In Chinese hamster
ovary cells, ethalfluralin was negative without S9 activation,
but it was clastogenic with activation.
Ref: Federal Register: January 17, 2002.
Ethalfluralin; Pesticide Tolerance. Final Rule.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Ethalfluralin.FR.Jan17.2002.htm
-- EPA's Office of
Pesticide Program's Carcinogenicity Peer Review Committee concluded
that ethalfluralin should be classified as Group C, a possible
human carcinogen, based on increased mammary
gland fibroadenomas and adenomas/fibroadenomas combined
in female rats. The tumor incidences were statistically significant
at both the mid and high dose, and exceeded of the upper range
of historical controls. Based on a low dose extrapolation,
the Q1* of 8.9 x 10-2 (mg/kg/day)-1 has been calculated.
-- -- Cancer risk was estimated based on percent crop treated
and anticipated residues as provided in EPA's Reregistration Eligibility
Decision (RED) for ethalfluralin. Exposure to ethalfluralin from
food is estimated to result in a lifetime cancer risk of 7.11
x 10-7. Cancer risks of less than 1 x 10-6 are generally considered
to be negligible.
Ref: Federal Register. November 14, 2001.
[PF-1052; FRL-6808-9]
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Ethalfluralin.FR.Nov14.2001.htm
• Chronic
toxicity. Ethalfluralin
was administered to Fisher 344 rats in the diet for 2 years in
combined chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity replicate studies.
The doses were equivalent to 0, 4.2, 10.7, or 32.3 mg/kg/day.
The NOAEL for systemic effects was 32.3 mg/kg/day.
Mammary gland fibroadenomas were found in dosed female rats at
statistically significant incidences in the mid and high doses.
EPA's Office of Pesticide Program's Carcinogenicity
Peer Review Committee concluded that, ethalfluralin should be
classified as Group C, a possible human carcinogen, based
on increased mammary gland fibroadenomas and adenomas/fibroadenomas
combined in female rats. The tumor incidences were statistically
significant at both the mid and high dose, and exceeded the upper
range of historical controls. Based on a
low dose extrapolation, the Q1* of 8.9 x 10-2 (mg/kg/day)-1 has
been calculated. Based on both registered and proposed product
uses, exposure to ethalfluralin from food is estimated to not
exceed a lifetime cancer risk of 8.47 x 10-7. Cancer risks of
less than 1 x 10-6 are generally considered to be negligible.
Ref: Federal Register. August 31, 2005.
Ethalfluralin; Notice of Filing a Pesticide Petition to Establish
a Tolerance for a Certain Pesticide Chemical in or on Food.
http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/ethalfluralin.fr.aug.2005.html
Cholesterol
(click
on for all fluorinated pesticides)
A three month oral
study with beagle dogs had doses of 0, 6.25, 27.5, or 125/80 mg/kg/day
by capsule. The systemic NOEL was 27.5 mg/kg/day. The systemic
LOEL was 80 mg/kg/day (the high dose) based on elevated alkaline
phosphatase, slight fatty metamorphosis of the liver, increased
cholesterol, and increased BUN. (MRID 00135193)
Ref: US EPA. Reregistration Eligibility
Decision (RED): Ethalfluralin. March 1995.
http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/ethalfluralin.red.long.pdf
Clastogenic
/ Mutagenic (click
on for all fluorinated pesticides)
Genotoxicty.
Ethalfluralin was weakly
mutagenic in activated strains TA1535 and TA100 of salmonella
typhimurium, but not in strains TA1537, TA1538, and TA98 in an
Ames assay. In a modified Ames assay with salmonella typhimurium
and e- coli, ethalfluralin was weakly
mutagenic in strains TA1535 and TA100, with and without
activation, and in strain TA98 without activation, at the
highest dose. No mutagenicity was found in the mouse lymphoma
assay for forward mutation. Ethalfluralin did not induce unscheduled
DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes. In Chinese
hamster ovary cells, ethalfluralin was negative without S9 activation,
but it was clastogenic with activation.
Ref: Federal Register. November 14, 2001.
[PF-1052; FRL-6808-9]
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Ethalfluralin.FR.Nov14.2001.htm
Developmental
toxicant (click on
for all fluorinated pesticides)
-- Ethalfluralin
is also a developmental toxicant based on a rabbit study...
Dutch Belted rabbits were given 0, 25, 75, 150, or 300 mg/kg/day
of ethalfluralin by gavage on gestation days 6-18. The NOELs for
maternal and developmental toxicity were 75 mg/kg/day. The maternal
LOEL at 150 mg/kg/day was based on abortions and decreased food
consumption. These effects as well as decreased weight gain, enlarged
liver, and orange urine were found at 300 mg/kg/day. In this study
developmental toxicity was observed. The developmental LOEL was
150 mg/kg/day, based on slightly increased resorptions, abnormal
cranial development, and increased sternal variants. (MRID 00129057)...
Since developmental toxicity is the toxicological effect to which
high end exposure is being compared in this analysis, the DRES
subgroup of concern is females (13+ years) which approximates
women of child-bearing age.
Ref: US EPA Reregistration Eligibility Decision
(RED) Ethalfluralin. EPA 738-R-95-001. March 1995.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Ethalfluralin.RED.Long.pdf
Endocrine:
Breast
(click
on for all fluorinated pesticides)
Group C --
Possible Human Carcinogen. Mammary tumors
(F); Suggestion of bladder tumors (F) and
kidney tumors (M & F); Fischer 344 rats.
Ref: April
26, 2006 . Chemicals Evaluated for Carcinogenic Potential by the
Office of Pesticide Programs. From: Jess Rowland, Chief Science
Information Management Branch Health Effect Division (7509C) Office
of Pesticide Programs, USEPA.
http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/pesticides.cancer.potential.2006.pdf
--
Combined chronic toxicity/ carcinogenicity in rats. NOAEL = 32.3
mg/kg/ day HDT. LOAEL = > 32.3 mg/ kg/day no systemic effects
were seen at the HDT. Mammary gland fibroadenomas
were found in dosed female rats at statistically
significant incidences in mid and high doses.
-- Cancer (oral, dermal, inhalation). Ethalfluralin has been classified
as a possible human carcinogen (Group C). Q1* = 8.9 x 10-2 (mg/kg/
day)-1. 2-year chronic carcinogenicity study in rats, showing
an increased incidence of mammary gland
fibroadenomas and combined adenomas/ fibroadenomas in female
rats.
-- In vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test: In Chinese hamster
ovary cells, ethalfluralin was negative
without S9 activation, but it was clastogenic
with activation.
Ref: Federal Register: January 17, 2002.
Ethalfluralin; Pesticide Tolerance. Final Rule.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Ethalfluralin.FR.Jan17.2002.htm
EPA's Office of Pesticide
Program's Carcinogenicity Peer Review Committee concluded that
ethalfluralin should be classified as Group C, a possible human
carcinogen, based on increased mammary gland
fibroadenomas and adenomas/fibroadenomas combined in female
rats. The tumor incidences were statistically significant
at both the mid and high dose, and exceeded of the upper range
of historical controls. Based on a low dose extrapolation,
the Q1* of 8.9 x 10-2 (mg/kg/day)-1 has been calculated.
Ref: Federal Register. November 14, 2001.
[PF-1052; FRL-6808-9] http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Ethalfluralin.FR.Nov14.2001.htm
Endocrine:
Ovary (click
on for all fluorinated pesticides)
--
In vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test: In Chinese hamster
ovary cells, ethalfluralin was negative
without S9 activation, but it was clastogenic
with activation.
Ref: Federal Register: January 17, 2002.
Ethalfluralin; Pesticide Tolerance. Final Rule.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Ethalfluralin.FR.Jan17.2002.htm
KIDNEY
(click
on for all fluorinated pesticides)
Group
C -- Possible Human Carcinogen.
Mammary tumors (F); Suggestion of
bladder tumors (F) and kidney
tumors (M & F); Fischer 344 rats.
Ref: April
26, 2006 . Chemicals Evaluated for Carcinogenic Potential by the
Office of Pesticide Programs. From: Jess Rowland, Chief Science
Information Management Branch Health Effect Division (7509C) Office
of Pesticide Programs, USEPA.
http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/pesticides.cancer.potential.2006.pdf
Liver
(click
on for all fluorinated pesticides)
Beagle dogs were given
0, 4, 20, or 80 mg/kg/day orally, by capsule, for 1-year. The
NOAEL was 4 mg/kg/day. The LOAEL was 20 mg/kg/ day, based on increased
urinary bilirubin, variations in erythrocyte morphology, increased
thrombocyte count, and increased erythroid series of the bone
marrow. Elevated alkaline phosphatase levels were found at the
two higher doses and siderosis of the
liver at the high dose.
Ref: Federal Register. November 14, 2001.
[PF-1052; FRL-6808-9] http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Ethalfluralin.FR.Nov14.2001.htm
-- Subchronic toxicity
studies using mice and rats resulted
in changes in liver and kidney weights,
decreased weight gain, and changes in blood and enzyme activity.
A study using beagle dogs resulted
in changes in the liver, blood and
cholesterol..
-- A chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity study using
rats resulted in mammary gland tumors in female rats at
mid and high doses. EPA concluded on June 8, 1994, that ethalfluralin
should be classified as a Group C, possible human carcinogen,
based on the results of that study. A second study in mice caused
liver cell, blood and enzyme changes,
as well as increased liver, kidney
and heart weights in females, and decreased body weight gain.
A study using beagle dogs resulted
in changes in the blood, bone marrow, enzymes and liver.
Ref: January 1995. US EPA R.E.D. FACTS Ethalfluralin.
http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/ethalfluralin.red.epa.1995.pdf
Teratogen
(click
on for all fluorinated pesticides)
Ethalfluralin was evaluated
for developmental toxicity. Fourteen, 11, and 14 pregnant Dutch-Belted
rabbits were administered 0, 75, and 250 mg/kg/day of the test
substance respectively, on days 6-18 of gestation. An
increase in the number of anorectic
rabbits occurred at 250 mg/kg/day.
Four and 3 rabbits of the 75 and
250 mg/kg/day dose group, respectively, died or aborted. The abortions
were preceded by anorexia and weight loss. Nine, 9, and
12 rabbits of the 0, 75, and 250 mg/kg/day dose groups were available
for evaluation. Live litter size, resorption occurrence, fetal
viability, and sex distribution were unaffected by treatment.
Mean fetal weights of the treatment groups
were lower than controls but the differences were not statistically
significant. An increase in the incidence
of skeletal abnormalities, including cleft palate and crooked
ribs, was observed at 250 mg/kg/day. No treatment related
visceral abnormalities were observed. The
250 mg/kg/day dose was maternally toxic but not teratogenic
since the increased incidence of fetal defects was associated
with anorexic dams. The 75 mg/kg/day dose was
a no-effect level.
Ref: 1992.
INITIAL SUBMISSION: A TERATOLOGY STUDY WITH ETHALFLURALIN IN DUTCH-BELTED
RABBITS WITH COVER LETTER DATED 08-21-92. ELI LILLY & CO.
The National Technical Information Service.
Report Number: NTIS/OTS0545085.
Environmental
(click
on for all fluorinated pesticides)
Ecological
Effects
-- ... Technical ethalfluralin is highly
to very highly toxic to rainbow trout and bluegill sunfish.
The formulated product also is highly toxic to bluegill
sunfish. Since ethalfluralin persists
in soils and is very highly toxic to fish, an acute
toxicity sediment study was submitted. This study shows
that ethalfluralin released from soil sediments can be lethal
to sunfish when concentrations in water reach 17 to 58 parts
per billion (ppb). In an early life stage toxicity test
with freshwater fish, ethalfluralin
affected larval length and weight in trout. In invertebrate
toxicity studies, technical ethalfluralin is very highly
toxic and the formulated product is slightly toxic to Daphnia
magna on an acute basis. In a life cycle study using daphnids,
reproduction was the most sensitive parameter affected.
Ethalfluralin is highly toxic to marine/estuarine
fish, mollusks, and shrimp on an acute basis...
Ecological Effects Risk Assessment
-- ... Ground applications of ethalfluralin could result
in potential risks to aquatic organisms from runoff and
drift. Although neither high acute risk nor chronic risk
to aquatic organisms is anticipated,
the restricted use trigger has been exceeded for freshwater
organisms, and endangered species triggers are exceeded
for freshwater organisms and estuarine/marine invertebrates.
-- Endangered species levels of concern
are exceeded for freshwater organisms and estuarine/marine
invertebrates from unincorporated applications; for
freshwater fish from incorporated applications; and for
plants growing in wet areas receiving channelized runoff
from treated sites (from unincorporated applications). Limitations
may be imposed on the use of ethalfluralin to protect threatened
and endangered species when EPA implements the Endangered
Species Protection Program, later in 1995.
Ref: US EPA. Reregistration
Eligibility Decision (RED): Ethalfluralin. March 1995.
http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/ethalfluralin.red.long.pdf
|
A
February 14, 2005, check at the Code
of Federal Regulations for Ethalfluralin: this herbicide is
permitted in or on
26 food commodities.
|
[Code
of Federal Regulations]
[Title 40, Volume 22]
[Revised as of July 1, 2004]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 40CFR180.416]
[Page 439]
TITLE 40--PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER I--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)
PART 180_TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FROM TOLERANCES FOR PESTICIDE
CHEMICALS
IN FOOD--Table of Contents
Subpart C_Specific Tolerances
Sec. 180.416 Ethalfluralin; tolerances for residues.
(a) General. Tolerances are established for residues of the
herbicide ethalfluralin [N-ethyl-N-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-2,6-dinitro-4-
(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine] in or on the following raw agricultural
commodities: |
Commodity |
As
of September 26, 2003
PPM |
As
of September 10, 2004
PPM |
As
of
February 14, 2005
PPM |
US
Code of Federal Regulations
CFR |
Bean,
dry, seed |
Not
listed this way |
Not
listed this way |
0.05 |
180.416
|
BEAN,
DRY |
0.05 |
0.05 |
Not
listed this way |
180.416
|
BEAN,
DRY |
0.05 |
Not
listed |
Not
listed this way/duplicate not listed |
180.416
|
Canola,
seed |
0.05 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
180.416
|
CANOLA,
SEED |
0.05 |
Not
listed |
Duplicate
not listed |
180.416
|
CANOLA,
SEED |
0.05 |
0.05 |
Duplicate
not listed |
180.416B
|
CANOLA,
SEED |
0.05 |
Not
listed |
Duplicate
not listed |
180.416B
|
CUCURBITS |
0.05 |
Not
listed this way |
Not
listed this way |
180.416
|
CUCURBITS |
0.05 |
0.05 |
Not
listed this way/duplicate not listed |
180.416
|
GOAT,
FAT |
- |
Not
listed |
Not
listed |
180.416
|
GOAT,
FAT |
- |
Not
listed |
Not
listed |
180.416
|
GOAT,
MEAT |
- |
Not
listed |
Not
listed |
180.416
|
GOAT,
MEAT |
- |
Not
listed |
Not
listed |
180.416
|
GOAT,
MEAT BYPRODUCTS |
- |
Not
listed |
Not
listed |
180.416
|
GOAT,
MEAT BYPRODUCTS |
- |
Not
listed |
Not
listed |
180.416
|
Pea,
dry, seed |
Not
listed this way |
Not
listed this way |
0.05 |
180.416
|
PEA, DRY |
0.05 |
0.05 |
Not
listed this way |
180.416
|
PEA, DRY |
0.05 |
Duplicate
not listed |
Duplicate
not listed |
180.416
|
Peanut |
0.05 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
180.416
|
PEANUT |
0.05 |
Not
listed |
Duplicate
not listed |
180.416
|
Safflower,
seed |
0.05 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
180.416
|
SAFFLOWER,
SEED |
0.05 |
Duplicate
not listed |
Duplicate
not listed |
180.416
|
SAFFLOWER,
SEED |
0.05 |
0.05 |
Duplicate
not listed |
180.416B
|
SAFFLOWER,
SEED |
0.05 |
Duplicate
not listed |
Duplicate
not listed |
180.416B
|
Soybean |
0.05 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
180.416
|
SOYBEAN |
0.05 |
Duplicate
not listed |
Duplicate
not listed |
180.416
|
Sunflower,
seed |
0.05 |
0.05 |
0.05 |
180.416
|
SUNFLOWER,
SEED |
0.05 |
Duplicate
not listed |
Duplicate
not listed |
180.416
|
Vegetable,
cucurbit, group 9
This
group includes 19 commodities:
balsam apple
balsam pear
cantaloupe
chayote, fruit
cucumber
cucumber, chinese
cucurbits
gherkin, west indian
gourd, edible
melon
melon, citron
muskmelon
pumpkin
squash
squash, summer
squash, winter
vegetable, cucurbit, group
watermelon
waxgourd, chinese
|
Not
listed |
Not
listed |
0.05 |
180.416
|
(b)
Section 18 emergency exemptions. [Reserved]
(c) Tolerances with regional registrations. [Reserved]
(d) Indirect or inadvertent residues. [Reserved] |
|