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Adverse Effects
Abstracts
ACTIVITY: Insecticide
(Pyrethroid)
CAS NAME:
cyano(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl
3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
Note:
CAS
No. 68359-37-5 for cyfluthrin and beta-cyfluthrin
is the same
Structure:
Adverse
Effects:
Ataxia
Blood
Body Weight Decrease
Bone
Brain
Endocrine: Adrenal
Endocrine: Ovary
Endocrine: Thymus
Eye - Microphthalmia
Genotoxic
Kidney
Lung
Salivary Glands
Sciatic nerve
Tremors |
Environmental
Effects:
Acute
Toxicity to Fish and Saltwater Life |
Regulatory
Information
(only comprehensive for the US) |
US
EPA Registered: |
Yes |
US
EPA PC Code: |
128831 |
California
Chemical Code |
2223 |
US
Tolerances: |
CFR
180.436 |
FDA
LMS Code: |
781 |
US
EPA Permit Date
and Registrant: |
1987,
Miles |
Registered
use in
(includes only a limited list
of countries)
|
Australia, Canada, Denmark,
Finland, Germany, India, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand,
Philippines, Portugal, UK, US
Africa:
Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Chad, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Madagascar,
Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, Tanzania |
Japan's
Pesticide Standard Limits |
Partial
List: Apple
• Apricot • Asparagus • Barley • Beans
• Broad beans • Broccoli • Brussels sprouts
• Buckwheat • Burdock • Cabbage • Cauliflower
• Cherry • Corn • Cotton seeds • Cucumber
(including Gherkin) • Eggplant • Garlic •
Grape • Grapefruit • Japanese pear • Kale
• Kidney beans (with pods, immature) • KOMATSUNA
• Konjac • KYONA • Lemon • Lettuce (Cos
lettuce, Leaf lettuce) • Lime • Loquat • MAKUWAURI
• Melons • Mume plum • NATSUDAIDAI (whole)
• Nectarine • Onion • Orange • Peas
(with pods, immature) • Pimento (Sweet pepper) •
Pumpkin (including Squash) • Peach • Peanuts (dry)
• Pear • Peas • Potato • Quince •
Rye • Soybeans • Sugar beet • Sweet potato
• Taro • Tea • Tomato • Turnip •
UNSHU orange • Watermelon • Wheat • Yam
--
Note very high tolerances - 20 ppm - for Tea (Green, Black,
Oolong, Wulung) |
US
Maximum Residue Levels permitted
in food commodities
|
US
- permitted
in or on over 300 food commodities, including:
Alfalfa, Animal feed, Aspirated grain,
Barley, Carrot, Cattle, Citrus fruit, Corn, Cotton, Processed
foods, Egg, Fruit, Goat, Grape, Raisin, Hog, Hop, Horse, Milk,
Nut, Oat (grain), Pepper, Potato, Poultry, Radishe, Sheep,
Sorghum, Sugarcane (Cane), Sugarcane (Molasses), Sunflower
seeds, Tomato, Vegetables, Wheat
There
are also two tolerances of 0.05 ppm for
residues from
general surface, spot, and/or crack and crevice applications
in
• food commodities exposed
to the insecticide during treatment of food-handling establishments
where food and food products are held, processed, prepared,
or served.
and
in
•
feed commodities exposed
to the insecticide during treatment of feed-handling establishments
where feed and feed products are held, processed, prepared,
or served. |
Other
Information |
Molecular
Formula: |
C22H18Cl2
F NO3 |
Manufacturers: |
Bayer
|
Other
Names: |
Aztec,
Bay-FCR 1272,
Baythroid,
Cyfoxylate, FCR 1272,
Leverage,
Responsar, Sofac,
Tempo |
Manufacture
site: |
UK:
Mitchell Cotts
Chemicals Ltd.,
Mirfield West Yorkshire
US:
Kansas City, Missouri; Shawnee, Kansas |
Of special interest: |
PAN
Data |
Material
Safety Data Sheets & Labels |
2004-2006
- US EPA CHEERS study in Jacksonville, Duval County, Florida.
This 2-year study of children's exposure to selected pesticides
and chemicals has ignited enormous controversy. Cyfluthrin
(I,
II, III, IV, total)
was
one of 16 pesticides selected to be monitored in children
(ages 0-3 years). See FAN's
updates on this study. Also, 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic
acid, (CAS No. 77279-89-1), a
metabolite of Cyfluthrin, will be analyzed in biological
media. It's molecular structure is
Note:
the CDC's "Third National Report on Human Exposure to
Environmental Chemicals," expected to be released sometime
in 2005, includes 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic
acid in its list of chemicals. |
March
14, 2005: Upswing
in Lesser Used, but More Potent Pesticides in California's Central
Valley.
University of California-Berkeley researchers
have conducted a study to determine the harmful effects of pyrethroid
pesticides on aquatic organisms through sediment residues. What
they have found is a trend toward
using newer compounds that can be more toxic to aquatic life.
The team of researchers studied six pyrethroids
in three sediments taken from California’s Central Valley,
where two-thirds of the state’s cropland is found. Study
results showed acute toxicity and growth impairment in the amphipod
Hyalella azteca, a sensitive test species. Animal biomass was
roughly 38% below that of the control group when exposed to
pyrethroid levels that were one-third to one-half of the lethal
concentration. Except for permethrin, most pyrethroids would
be acutely toxic to H. azteca at concentrations only slightly
above detection limits. The six compounds
tested in order of decreasing toxicity were bifenthrin,
lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin,
esfenvalerate, cyfluthrin
and permethrin.
To
read the entire study, click here: http://www.allenpress.com/pdf/entc_24_414_966_972.pdf
|
March
2004 - Updated
Summary of Toxicology Data. California EPA. |
TOXNET
profile from Hazardous Substances Data Bank |
Abstracts |
1992-1995 - US
Map of Pesticide Use |
December
2, 2002 - Final review report
for the active substance cyfluthrin. European Commission.
Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-General. Report
6843/VI/97-final |
January
25, 1999 -
Sediment Toxicity
and Fate of Synthetic Pyrethroids. The
synthetic pyrethroids were conditionally registered beginning
in 1984 for use on cotton and later for use on other major crops
including corn, soybeans, and sugarcane. Currently, EPA is assessing
risks to non-target organisms for ten synthetic pyrethroids:
bifenthrin, cyfluthrin,
cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenpropathrin,
fenvalerate, cyhalothrin, tefluthrin,
tralomethrin, and permethrin. Each of these synthetic pyrethroids
are conditionally registered for use on cotton, with the exception
of tefluthrin, which is conditionally registered for use on
corn. Each of these chemicals is highly lipophilic and in aquatic
environments tend to strongly adsorb to sediments. Environmental
Fate and Effects Division Office of Pesticide Programs US EPA.
-- Note - organofluorine pesticides highlighted
in red |
September
2001 - The pyrethroid
Cyfluthrin (Type II) is
discussed in this report. DRAFT TOXICOLOGICAL
PROFILE FOR PYRETHRINS AND PYRETHROIDS. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
AND HUMAN SERVICES. Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances
and Disease Registry. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp155.pdf
|
2000 - Toxic
Release Inventory. Brief Summary. |
June
2002 - In
Australia when Cyfluthrin is used for "Crack
and crevice treatment and barrier strip" no
maximum residue levels are required. Ref: June 2002. Table 5.
Uses of substances where maximum residue limits are not necessary.
Australian National Registration Authority for Agricultural
Veterinary Chemicals. The MRL Standard. Maximum residue limits
in food and animal feedstuff. http://www.nra.gov.au/residues/mrl5.pdf
|
2000
-
"P" is for Poison.
Update on Pesticide Use in California Schools, by
TM Olle. A report by Californians for Pesticide Reform. Also
available at: http://www.calpirg.org/healthyschools/PDFs/healthyschools.pdf
Fluorinated pesticides cited: Benefin
(Benfluralin), Bifenthrin, Bromethalin,
Cyfluthrin, Fipronil,
Fluazifop-butyl, Hydramethylnon, Lambda-cyhalothrin,Sulfuryl
fluoride (Vikane), Trifluralin, Unknown (Fluorgard) |
1997
Toxicological Evaluation. WHO, International Programme on Chemical
Safety. |
1997
FAO/WHO recommended maximum residue limits in Cattle. |
Insecticide
products - partial
list. |
Online
August 2005 - UK Environmental Agency. Table
2: List 2 Dangerous substances. Table 2a: Environmental Quality
Standards (EQS) for List 2 dangerous substances, EC Dangerous
Substances Directive (76/464/EEC). List
2 substances include Cyfluthrin, Flucofuron, Trifluralin.
Also at this primary
site. |
UK:
Table 2. Dangerous Substances Directive.
List 2 includes Cyfluthrin,
Flucofuron, Trifluralin. |
March
12, 2001 - Cyfluthrin.
EEC Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs). Pages
212-218 |
1997
-
Application to concrete floors inside milling and storage facilities
to cntrol flour beetle. USDA/Tektran.
|
Mothproofing
chemicals highly toxic to fish and invertebrates. UK
Marine Special Areas of Conservation |
October
1998 -
Structural Pest Management
pesticides. FAN's
compilation of information cited on fluorine and organofluorine
pesticides published in General Pest Management, Category 7A.
A Guide for Commercial Applicators. Prepared by: Carolyn Randall,
MSU Pesticide Education Program. Published by
MSU Pesticide Education
(Michigan State University). MSU
manual number: E-2048. |
April
2000 -
Food and Drug Administration
Pesticide Residue Monitoring. Table
3. Pesticides detectable by methods used in 1999 regulatory
monitoring. |
April
17, 2002 - Bayer's
acquistion of Aventis. Discussion
of beta-cyfluthrin and Cyfluthrin. European Commission press
release. |
1994
- Cyfluthin
Fact Sheet by Caroline Cox.
Journal of Pesticide Reform. Summer 1994.
Vol 14, No 2. |
Table
6-1. Trends of National Pyrethroid Use
September
2001. Draft
Toxicological Profile for Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids.
US Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health
Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.
Organofluorine pyrethroids discussed in the Profile: Bifenthrin
(Type 1), Cyfluthrin (Type 2),
Cyhalothrin (Type 2), Flucythrinate (Type 2), Flumethrin (Type
2), Fluvalinate (Type 2), Tefluthrin (Type 1).
Note: The following 4 fluorinated pesticides were included
in a list of 11 pesticides. |
Pyrethroid |
Amounts
applied
(pounds) 1992 |
Amounts
applied
(pounds) 1997 |
Percent
change |
Bifenthrin |
116,716 |
110,246 |
-5 |
Cyfluthrin |
124,360 |
177,782 |
+43 |
lambda
Cyhalothrin |
205,329 |
321,284 |
+57 |
Tefluthrin |
238,429 |
576,865 |
+142 |
US
Federal Register
••
Note:
The entries in the FR are too long to
list here. Click here
to see all the entries. |
Date
Published |
Docket
Identification Number |
Details |
May 9, 2007 |
EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0337 |
Bayer CropScience.
Pesticide
Petition. PP 7F7200. Proposal for tolerances in or on
food
commodities:
-- grain, cereal group
15 (except rice) at 4.0 ppm
This group includes 100
commodities.
barley • barley, bran • barley, cereal •
barley, flour • barley, grain • barley, pearled
barley • buckwheat • buckwheat, flour •
buckwheat, fodder • buckwheat, forage • buckwheat,
grain • cereal, cooked • cereal, flour •
cereal, flour and related products • corn •
corn, cereal • corn, field • corn, field, aspirated
grain fractions • corn, field, dry milling •
corn, field, flour • corn, field, grain • corn,
field, grits • corn, field, meal • corn, field,
milled byproducts • corn, field, refined oil •
corn, field, soapstock • corn, field, starch •
corn, field, wet milling • corn, pod, grain •
corn, pop • corn, pop, grain • corn, sweet •
corn, sweet, kernel plus cob with husks removed •
grain, aspirated grain fractions • grain, cereal •
grain, crops • grain, crops, except corn, fresh and
rice, grain • grain, crops, except wheat • grain,
forage and stover • macaroni products • millet
• millet, flour • millet, grain • millet,
pearl • millet, pearl, grain • millet, proso
• millet, proso, flour • millet, proso, grain
• noodle products • oat • oat and barley
animal feed mixture, 97% oats, 3% barley • oat, bran
• oat, cereal • oat, flour • oat, grain
• oat, groats/rolled oats • rice • rice,
bran • rice, cereal • rice, cracked •
rice, cracked, malted beverage • rice, flour •
rice, grain • rice, hulls • rice, polished rice
• rice, wild • rice, wild, grain • rye
• rye, bran • rye, cereal • rye, flour
• rye, grain • sorghum, grain • sorghum,
grain, aspirated grain fractions • sorghum, grain,
brain • sorghum, grain, flour • sorghum, grain,
grain • sorghum, milled fractions, except flour •
teosinte • teosinte, grain • triticale •
triticale, grain • wheat • wheat, aspirated
grain fractions • wheat, bran • wheat, cereal
• wheat, flour • wheat, germ • wheat,
gluten, postharvest in australia • wheat, grain •
wheat, middlings • wheat, milled byproducts •
wheat, shorts • wheat, vavilovi • wheat, vavilovi,
grain • wheat, wild einkorn • wheat, wild einkorn,
grain • wheat, wild emmer • wheat, wild emmer,
grain
-- grain, cereal, (forage, fodder, and straw),
group 16 (except rice) at 7.0
ppm.
This
group includes 50 commodities.
barley, hay • barley, straw • corn, field •
corn, field, aspirated grain fractions • corn, field,
forage • corn, field, hay • corn, field, stover
• corn, pod • corn, pod, stover • corn,
pop • corn, pop, stover • corn, sweet, cannery
waste • corn, sweet, forage • corn, sweet, stover
• grain, cereal, forage, fodder and straw, group,
for forage, except sweet corn, forage • grain. cereal,
group • grass, hay • millet, forage •
millet, hay • millet, pearl, forage • millet,
pearl, hay • millet, pearl, straw • millet,
proso, forage • millet, proso, hay • millet,
proso, straw • millet, straw • oat • oat,
forage • oat, hay • oat, straw • rice,
forage • rice, hulls • rice, straw • rice,
wild • ricegrass, indian • rye, forage •
rye, straw • sorghum, forage • sorghum, forage,
forage • sorghum, forage, hay • sorghum, forage,
silage • sorghum, grain • sorghum, grain, forage
• sorghum, grain, stover • wheat, forage •
wheat, hay • wheat, straw • wheat, vavilovi,
straw • wheat, wild einkorn, straw • wheat,
wild emmer, straw
|
May 9, 2007 |
EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0104 |
Bayer CropScience.
Pesticide
Petition. PP 6F7160. Proposal for tolerances in or on
food commodities
-- beet, sugar, roots at 0.09 ppm
-- beet, sugar, dried pulp at 11.0 ppm |
October 27, 2006 |
EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0857 |
IR-4.
Pesticide
petition: 6E7058.
New tolerance proposal, in or on raw agricultural commodities
-- grass, forage at 15 ppm
-- grass, hay at 40 ppm |
April 14, 2006 |
EPA-HQ-OPP-2005-0205 |
Pesticide
Tolerance Technical Correction.
EPA issued a final rule in the Federal Register of September
13, 2005, concerning the establishment of pesticide tolerances
for residues of the insecticide cyfluthrin in/on several agricultural
commodities. This document is being issued to correct omissions
concerning the entry for wheat milled by products, except flour.
-- Wheat, bran at 6.5 ppm
-- Wheat, shorts at 11.0 ppm |
••
Note:
The entries in the FR are too long to
list here. Click here
to see all the entries. |
|