1-CHLORO-4-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)BENZENE
CASRN: 98-56-6 For other data, click on the Table of Contents
Human Health Effects:
Human Toxicity Excerpts:
TOXIC BY INGESTION & INHALATION. [Hawley, G.G. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 9th ed. New
York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1977. 195]**PEER REVIEWED**
Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations:
Mildly toxic by ingestion and inhalation. [Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials.
9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996. 733]**PEER REVIEWED**
Populations at Special Risk:
/Individuals who suffer from/ skin, liver, kidney, or chronic respiratory
disease, will be at an increased risk if they are exposed to chlorobenzenes.
/Chlorobenzenes/ [Mackison, F. W., R. S. Stricoff, and L. J. Partridge, Jr. (eds.).
NIOSH/OSHA - Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical Hazards. DHHS(NIOSH)
PublicationNo. 81-123 (3 VOLS). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office,
Jan. 1981. 1]**PEER REVIEWED**
Probable Routes of Human Exposure:
Occupational exposure to 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene may occur through
inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene
is produced or used. (SRC) **PEER REVIEWED**
Emergency Medical Treatment:
Emergency Medical Treatment:
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The following Overview, *** GENERAL OR UNKNOWN CHEMICAL ***, is relevant
for this HSDB record chemical.
Life Support:
o This overview assumes that basic life support measures
have been instituted.
Clinical Effects:
SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE
0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
o A SPECIFIC REVIEW on the clinical effects and treatment
of individuals exposed to this agent HAS NOT YET BEEN
PREPARED. The following pertains to the GENERAL
EVALUATION and TREATMENT of individuals exposed to
potentially toxic chemicals.
o GENERAL EVALUATION -
1. Exposed individuals should have a careful, thorough
medical history and physical examination performed,
looking for any abnormalities. Exposure to chemicals
with a strong odor often results in such nonspecific
symptoms as headache, dizziness, weakness, and nausea.
o IRRITATION -
1. Many chemicals cause irritation of the eyes, skin, and
respiratory tract. Respiratory tract irritation, if
severe, can progress to pulmonary edema, which may be
delayed in onset for up to 24 to 72 hours in some
cases.
2. Irritation or burns of the esophagus or
gastrointestinal tract are also possible if caustic or
irritant chemicals are ingested.
o HYPERSENSITIVITY -
1. A number of chemical agents produce an allergic
hypersensitivity dermatitis or asthma with
bronchospasm and wheezing with chronic exposure.
Laboratory:
o A number of chemicals produce abnormalities of the
hematopoietic system, liver, and kidneys. Monitoring
complete blood count, urinalysis, and liver and kidney
function tests is suggested for patients with significant
exposure.
o If respiratory tract irritation or respiratory depression
is evident, monitor arterial blood gases, chest x-ray, and
pulmonary function tests.
Treatment Overview:
SUMMARY EXPOSURE
o A specific review on the clinical effects and treatment
of individuals exposed to this agent has not yet been
prepared. The following pertains to the general
evaluation and treatment of individuals exposed to
potentially toxic chemicals.
o Move victims of inhalation exposure from the toxic
environment and administer 100% humidified supplemental
oxygen with assisted ventilation as required. Exposed
skin and eyes should be copiously flushed with water.
1. Rescuers must not enter areas with potential high
airborne concentrations of this agent without
SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS (SCBA) to avoid
becoming secondary victims.
o Measures to decrease absorption may be useful. The
decision to induce or not to induce emesis in ingestions
must be carefully considered. If the patient has any
signs of esophageal or gastrointestinal tract irritation
or burns, or has evidence of a decreased sensorium, a
depressed gag reflex, or impending shock, INDUCED EMESIS
SHOULD BE AVOIDED.
ORAL EXPOSURE
o GASTRIC LAVAGE
1. Significant esophageal or gastrointestinal tract
irritation or burns may occur following ingestion. The
possible benefit of early removal of some ingested
material by cautious gastric lavage must be weighed
against potential complications of bleeding or
perforation.
2. GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a
potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can
be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1
hour). Protect airway by placement in Trendelenburg
and left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal
intubation. Control any seizures first.
a. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes
or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated
patients; following ingestion of corrosives;
hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at
risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation;
and trivial or non-toxic ingestion.
o ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
1. Activated charcoal binds most toxic agents and can
decrease their systemic absorption if administered soon
after ingestion. In general, metals and acids are
poorly bound and patients ingesting these materials
will not likely benefit from activated charcoal
administration.
a. Activated charcoal should not be given to patients
ingesting strong acidic or basic caustic chemicals.
Activated charcoal is also of unproven value in
patients ingesting irritant chemicals, where it may
obscure endoscopic findings when the procedure is
justified.
2. ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as slurry (240
mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in
adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12
years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
o DILUTION -
1. Immediate dilution with milk or water may be of benefit
in caustic or irritant chemical ingestions.
2. DILUTION: Following ingestion and/or prior to gastric
evacuation, immediately dilute with 4 to 8 ounces (120
to 240 mL) of milk or water (not to exceed 15 mL/kg in
a child).
o IRRITATION -
1. Observe patients with ingestion carefully for the
possible development of esophageal or gastrointestinal
tract irritation or burns. If signs or symptoms of
esophageal irritation or burns are present, consider
endoscopy to determine the extent of injury.
o OBSERVATION CRITERIA -
1. Carefully observe patients with ingestion exposure for
the development of any systemic signs or symptoms and
administer symptomatic treatment as necessary.
2. Patients symptomatic following exposure should be
observed in a controlled setting until all signs and
symptoms have fully resolved.
INHALATION EXPOSURE
o DECONTAMINATION -
1. INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for
respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing
develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation,
bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and
assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm
with beta2 agonist and corticosteroid aerosols.
o IRRITATION -
1. Respiratory tract irritation, if severe, can progress
to pulmonary edema which may be delayed in onset up to
24 to 72 hours after exposure in some cases.
o PULMONARY EDEMA/NON-CARDIOGENIC -
1. PULMONARY EDEMA (NONCARDIOGENIC): Maintain ventilation
and oxygenation and evaluate with frequent arterial
blood gas or pulse oximetry monitoring. Early use of
PEEP and mechanical ventilation may be needed.
o BRONCHOSPASM -
1. If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment
with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.
o OBSERVATION CRITERIA -
1. Carefully observe patients with inhalation exposure for
the development of any systemic signs or symptoms and
administer symptomatic treatment as necessary.
2. Patients symptomatic following exposure should be
observed in a controlled setting until all signs and
symptoms have fully resolved.
EYE EXPOSURE
o DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious
amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes. If
irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia
persist, the patient should be seen in a health care
facility.
DERMAL EXPOSURE
o DERMAL DECONTAMINATION -
1. DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and wash
exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A
physician may need to examine the area if irritation
or pain persists.
o PESTICIDES -
1. DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and
jewelry. Wash the skin, including hair and nails,
vigorously; do repeated soap washings. Discard
contaminated clothing.
o IRRITATION -
1. Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical
therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity
reactions may require treatment with systemic or
topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.
o DERMAL ABSORPTION -
1. Some chemicals can produce systemic poisoning by
absorption through intact skin. Carefully observe
patients with dermal exposure for the development of
any systemic signs or symptoms and administer
symptomatic treatment as necessary.
Range of Toxicity:
o No specific range of toxicity can be established for the
broad field of chemicals in general.
The ability of p-chlorobenzotrifluoride to induce morphological transformation
was evaluated in Balb/3T3 mouse cells (Cell Transformation Assay). Based on
preliminary toxicity determinations (exposure time = 72hrs), p-chlorobenzotrifluoride,
was tested at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 20.0 and 40.0nl/ml, resulting
in a range of 80% to 50% relative survival. None of the applied concentrations
resulted in the induction of any transformed foci, while the positive control
(MCA) resulted in 38 transformed foci showing that the sensitivity of the assay
was normal. [Litton Bionetics Inc.; Evaluation of p-Chlorobenzotrifluoride
in the In Vitro Transformation of BALB/3T3 Cells Assay, Final Report, (1980),
EPA Document No. 40-8052018, Fiche No. OTS0508144 ] **UNREVIEWED**
In a two-generation reproduction study, male and female Sprague Dawley rats
(F0) (20/sex/group) were orally exposed to 4-(trifluoromethyl)chlorobenzene
(TFCB) in corn oil vehicle by gavage at dosage levels of 0, 5, 15 or 45 mg/kg/day
for 4 weeks prior to mating one-to-one with animals of the same group, and continuing
through one reproduction period until F1 litters had been weaned. Randomly selected
F1 pups (20/sex/group) were orally exposed to TFCB by gavage at the same concentration
as their parents for 90 days and were then sacrificed. Significant differences
between treated and control F0 rats were observed in the following: decreased
and/or increased weight gain (high- and mid-dose animals). Significant differences
between treated and control F1 rats were observed in the following: weight gain
(increased for all treated male groups, decreased for high-dose females), decreased
monocytes (females at low-dose), increased serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase
(mid-dose females), increased mean pups/litter (combined sexes of pups for low-
and mid-dose groups, female pups of mid-dose group), increased percentage surviving
pups and pup weights (all treated groups), decreased erythrocyte counts (low-dose
females), decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (all treated male groups and
high-dose females), increased mean corpuscular volume (high-dose females), and
an increase in pathology of the lung including bronchopneumonia, adenomous hyperplasia,
and inflammatory cell infiltrates (all treated groups). No significant differences
between treated and control F0 rats were observed in the following: mortalities,
urinalysis, and dam weights. No significant differences between treated and
control F1 rats were observed in the following: mortalities, clinical chemistry
values, urinalysis, and absolute or relative organ weights. [Elars Bioresearch Laboratories, Inc.; Gas Chromatographic Assay
PCBTF and Modified 90-Day Gavage and Reproduction Study in Rats - Part II. (1981),
EPA Document No. 40-8152022, Fiche No. OTS0508148 ] **UNREVIEWED**
Mutagenicity of biologic fluids was determined after administration of 50,
167, or 500 mg/kg parachlorobenzotrifluoride by oral gavage over a 2 day period
to groups of 7 male CD-1 mice. After collection, neither urine pretreated with
beta-glucuronidase, or untreated urine, was mutagenic towards Salmonella typhimurium
strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 or TA100. [ Litton Bionetics, Inc.; Mutagenicity Evaluation of Parachlorobenzotrifluoride
in a In Vivo/ In Vitro Urine Assay, Final Report, (1979), EPA Document No. 40-
7952013, Fiche No. OTS0508139 ] **UNREVIEWED**
Parachlorobenzotrifluoride was examined for mutagenic activity in Salmonella
typhimurium tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, TA100 and in Saccharomyces
cerevisiae strain D4 with and without Aroclor induced rat liver S9 fraction
metabolic activation. The test article did not cause a mutagenic effect in Salmonella
tester strains, or gene conversion in Saccharomyces when administered at concentrations
of 0.01, 0.10, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 ul/plate in the presence or absence of metabolic
activation. Parachlorobenzotrifluoride was reported to be cytotoxic to Salmonella
strains TA1535 and TA1537 at a concentration of 10 ul/plate. [ Litton Bionetics, Inc.; Mutagenicity Evaluation of Parachlorobenzotrifluoride
(PCBTF) in the Ames Salmonella/Microsome Plate Test, Final Report, (1978), EPA
Document No. 40-7852007, Fiche No. OTS0508133 ] **UNREVIEWED**
The frequency of forward mutations was determined at the thymidine kinase
(TK) locus of the mouse lymphoma L5178Y cell line exposed in vitro to parachlorobenzotrifluoride
with or without Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 fraction metabolic activation.
The test article did not cause mutagenic effects in cultures exposed to concentrations
of 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25.0 or 50 nl/ml in the presence or absence of metabolic
activation. In a preliminary cytotoxicity test concentrations greater than 78
nl/ml were toxic to cells, and the percent relative growth after treatment reportedly
ranged from 71 to 11% in non activated and from 63 to 30% in activated cultures. [ Litton Bionetics, Inc.; Mutagenicity Evaluation of Parachlorobenzotrifluoride
in the Mouse Lymphoma Forward Mutation Assay, Final Report (1978), EPA Document
No. 40-7852009, Fiche No. OTS0508135 ] **UNREVIEWED**
The frequency of chromosomal aberrations was evaluated in vitro by exposing
Chinese Hamster Ovary cells in the presence and absence of Aroclor-induced rat
liver S9 metabolic activation to 4-(trifluoromethyl) chlorobenzene (referred
to as compound 38502, purity not reported) at concentrations ranging from 29.99
to 130.00 nl/ml. The nonactivated portion of the study was repeated at concentrations
of 29.99 to 80.00 nl/ml due to cytotoxicity observed in the first experiment.
No statistically significant (t-test for linear regression, p < 0.05) increase
in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations was observed at any dose level.
In a separate cytotoxicity test relative cell survivals of 0% and 87.08% were
observed at concentrations of 200 and 60 nl/ml, respectively, in the presence
of metabolic activation; cell survivals of 0% and 102.87% were observed at these
concentrations in the absence of activation. [ Lilly Research Laboratories; Chromosome aberrations in Chinese
Hamster Ovary cells, test article compound 38502. (1983), EPA Document No. 40-8452058,
Fiche No. OTS0507306 ] **UNREVIEWED**
The in vitro transformation efficiency of 4-(trifluoromethyl) chlorobenzene
(referred to as compound 38502, purity not reported) was evaluated in Balb/c-3T3
cells at dosages ranging from 10 to 300 ug/ml, in the presence of Aroclor-induced
rat liver S9 metabolic activation. No statistically significant (modified t-test,
p < 0.05) increase in colony formation was observed at any concentration.
The investigators reported that toxicity to cells was apparent at 300 ug/ml.
At this level, the compound was found not to be completely soluble. [ Lilly Research Laboratories; Evaluation of compound #38502
in the Balb/c-3T3 neoplastic transformation assay with an aroclor-induced rat
liver microsomal (S9) metabolic activation system. (1983), EPA Document No.
40-8452058, Fiche No. OTS0507306 ] **UNREVIEWED**
The frequency of chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells was investigated
in groups of 10 Sprague-Dawley rats (5 male, 5 female) receiving one gavage
dose of 0, 0.5, 1.7 or 5.0 ml/kg 4- (trifluoromethyl)chlorobenzene (referred
to as compound 38502, purity not reported). Harvest of bone marrow cells was
performed at 6, 24 and 48 hours after test article administration. A statistically
significant (Chi-square or t-test analysis, p < 0.05) increase in chromosomal
aberrations was not observed at any dose level. No mortality was observed at
the 5.0 ml/kg level in a separate range finding toxicity study, while a dosage
of 10.0 ml/kg resulted in the death of 2 of 5 test animals. [ Microbiological Associates; Activity of compound 38502 (T2025)
in the acute in vivo cytogenetics assay in male and female rats, final report.
(1983), EPA Document No. 40-8452058, Fiche No. OTS0507306 ] **UNREVIEWED**
Subchronic toxicity was determined in a three month study on groups of 30
Fischer-344 rats (15 male, 15 female) receiving once daily gavage doses of 0,
10, 40, 150, or 500 mg/kg 4-(trifluoromethyl) chlorobenzene (purity 97.77%)
in corn oil. No physical signs of toxicity were observed in males or females
during the course of treatment. Statistically significant effects in all animals
included: initial decrease in mean body weight gain; decreased mean food consumption;
initial decrease in efficiency of food utilization; mild proteinuria in males
at 500 mg/kg and in females at 150 and 500 mg/kg; reduced urine clarity at 150
and 500 mg/kg; elevated bilirubin at 500 mg/kg; elevated alkaline phosphatase
levels in serum at all dose levels in males, and at 500 mg/kg in females; stimulation
of hepatic p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase activity at top 3 doses in males, and
at 500 mg/kg in females; increased liver weights at all doses in males, and
at the three highest doses in females; increased kidney weights in males and
females at the two highest doses; increased thyroid
weights at the second and fourth dose in females; centrilobular hypertrophy
of the liver at the high dose; increased colloid in the thyroid
gland. Significant effects observed only in male animals
included: decrease in erythrocytes, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, and mean
corpuscular volume at 500 mg/kg (decrease in packed cell volume also apparent
at 150 mg/kg); dose related decrease in lymphocyte/neutrophil ratio; elevated
urea nitrogen at 150 and 500 mg/kg; renal lesions (renal tubular degeneration)
at all dose levels. No effects observed exclusively in females were reported. [ Lilly Research Laboratories; A subchronic (three-month) toxicity
study in Fischer 344 rats given daily gavage doses of 4-chlorobenzotrifluoride
(PCBTF). (1983), EPA Document No. 40-8452058, Fiche No. OTS0507306 ] **UNREVIEWED**
The metabolism of 4-(trifluoromethyl)chlorobenzene (99.0% radiochemically
pure) was evaluated after administration of 1 mg/kg by oral gavage to 5 male
and 3 female Sprague-Dawley albino rats that had been fasted for 16 hrs prior
to dosing. Of the applied label, 3 to 4% was excreted in the feces and 14 to
15% was excreted in the urine over the 4 day test period. The major urinary
metabolites were glucuronides of dihydroxybenzotrifluoride and 4- chloro-3-hydroxybenzotrifluoride
(each representing 3 to 4% of the applied label), as well as minor amounts of
a mercapturic acid conjugate of p-chlorobenzotrifluoride. It was reported that
the test substance was rapidly expired unchanged by rats (62-82% of the applied
dose) although the time period for expiration was not reported. The test substance
was excreted unchanged as the major fecal constituent. Levels of labeled residues
in the tissues were low; four days after dosing 1% of the applied label (identified
as p-chlorobenzotrifluoride) remained, and was located predominantly in fat
tissue. [ Zoecon Corp.; Metabolism of p-chlorobenzotrifluoride by rats.
(1982), EPA Document No. 40-8352054, Fiche No. OTS0507284 ] **UNREVIEWED**
The frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) was determined in L5178Y
mouse lymphoma cells exposed in vitro to parachlorobenzotrifluoride (PCBTF)
with and without metabolic activation provided by Aroclor-induced rat liver
S9 fraction. The test article was administered at concentrations of 0.0025,
0.0050, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.04 ul/ml in the presence and absence of activation.
In the non-activated assay a statistically significant (t-test, p < 0.01)
increase was observed in SCE's/chromosome at all concentrations, and in SCE's/cell
at all concentrations except 0.02 ul/ml. In the activated assay a significant
(p < 0.01) increase in SCE's/chromosome and SCE's/cell was observed at 0.0025,
0.01 and 0.02 ul/ml. A preliminary cytotoxicity assay was performed in order
to determine PCBTF concentrations for the definitive test. [ Litton Bionetics; Mutagenicity Evaluation of Parachlorobenzotrifluoride
(PCBTF) in the Sister Chromatid Exchange Assay in L5178Y Mouse Lymphoma Cells
Final Report (1979), EPA Document No. 40-7952010, Fiche No. OTS0508136 ] **UNREVIEWED**
Parachlorobenzotrifluoride was examined for DNA modifying activity in a DNA
repair deficiency assay using Escherichia coli W3110 polA+ and P3478 polA- tester
strains with and without metabolic activation provided by Aroclor-induced rat
liver S9 fraction. The test article did not induce differential toxicity when
administered in volumes of 0.01, 0.10, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 ul per plate in the
presence or absence of metabolic activation. [ Litton Bionetics, Inc.; Mutagenicity Evaluation of Parachlorobenzotrifluoride
(PCBTF) in the Ames Salmonella/Microsome Plate Test, Final Report, (1978), EPA
Document No. 40-7852007, Fiche No. OTS0508133 ] **UNREVIEWED**
Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics:
Metabolism/Metabolites:
When rats were given a single oral dose of 1 mg/kg p-chloro(trifluoromethyl-(14)C)
benzotrifluoride 3-4%, and 14-15% of the applied (14)C were excreted in feces
and urine, respectively. The major urinary metabolites were glucuronides of
dihydroxybenzotrifluoride and 4-chloro-3-hydroxybenzotrifluoride (each representing
3-4% of the applied (14)C), and minor amounts of a mercapturic acid conjugate
of p-chlorobenzotrifluoride. p-Chlorobenzotrifluoride itself was rapidly expired
by rats (62-82% of the applied dose) and was the major (14)C- labeled residue
in feces. Levels of (14)C-labeled residues in tissues were low, but the small
amount of radiolabel in the rat carcass 4 days after dosage (1% applied dose)
was also identified as p-chlorobenzotrifluoride and was found predominantly
in fat. [Quistad GB, Mulholland KM; J Agric Food Chem 31 (3): 585-589
(1983)]**PEER REVIEWED**
Pharmacology:
Environmental Fate & Exposure:
Environmental Fate/Exposure Summary:
1-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene's production and use as an intermediate
for dyes, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides, and as a solvent and dielectric fluid
may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams.
If released to air, a vapor pressure of 7.63 mm Hg at 25 deg C indicates 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene
will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene
will be degraded slowly in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced
hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be
67 days. If released to soil, 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene is expected
to have slight mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 2,200. Volatilization
from moist soil surfaces may be an important fate process based upon an estimated
Henry's Law constant of 3.5X10-2 atm-cu m/mole. 1-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene
may potentially volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure.
However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization. 64% degradation
occurred over 59 days in an anaerobic screening test, suggesting biodegradation
of 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene may be an important fate process in soil
and water under anaerobic conditions. If released into water, 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene
is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based upon the
estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces may be an important fate process
based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization
half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4.0 hours and 5.3 days, respectively.
However, volatilization is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended
solids and sediment in the water column. An estimated BCF of 320 suggests the
potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. Occupational exposure
to 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene may occur through inhalation and dermal
contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene
is produced or used. (SRC) **PEER REVIEWED**
Probable Routes of Human Exposure:
Occupational exposure to 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene may occur through
inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene
is produced or used. (SRC) **PEER REVIEWED**
Artificial Pollution Sources:
1-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene's production and use as an intermediate
for dyes, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides(1), and as a solvent and dielectric
fluid(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste
streams(SRC). [(1) Siegemund G et al; Ullmann's Encycl Indust Chem. NY,NY:
VCH Pub. A11: 377 (1988) (2) Lewis RJ Jr; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary
12th ed NY, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co p.264 (1993)]**PEER REVIEWED**
Environmental Fate:
TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value
of 2,200(SRC), determined from an estimated log Kow of 3.6(2) and a regression-derived
equation(3), indicates that 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene is expected
to have slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene
from moist soil surfaces may be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated
Henry's Law constant of 3.5X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant
estimation method(4). The potential for volatilization of 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene
from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 7.63 mm
Hg at 25 deg C(5). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC).
64% degradation occurred over 59 days in an anaerobic screening test, suggesting
biodegradation of 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene may be important in soil
under anaerobic conditions(6). [(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 23 (1983) (2) Meylan WM, Howard
PH; J Pharm Sci 84: 83-92 (1995) (3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property
Estimation Methods. Washington,DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-9 (1990) (4) Meylan WM,
Howard PH; Environ Toxicol Chem 10: 1283-93 (1991) (5) Daubert TE, Danner RP;
Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals Vol. 3 NY,NY: Hemisphere
Pub Corp (1989) (6) Elanco Prods. Co.; Volatilization rate of p-Chlorobenzotrifluoride
from Water. USEPA Doc No. 40-8452058, Fiche No. OTSO507306 (1983)]**PEER REVIEWED**
AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value
of 2,200(SRC), determined from an estimated log Kow of 3.6(2) and a regression-derived
equation(3), indicates that 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene is expected
to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). 1-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene
may volatilize from water surfaces(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant
of 3.5X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation
method(4). Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake(3)
are 4.0 hours and 5.3 days, respectively(SRC). The volatilization half-life
from a model pond 2 m deep is estimated to be about 2.0 days ignoring adsorption(5);
when considering maximum adsorption the volatilization half-life increases to
12 days(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 320(3),
from an estimated log Kow(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in
aquatic organisms is high(SRC). In an anaerobic screening test using digester
sludge, 64% of the originally applied 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene was
degraded in 59 days(7). [(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 23 (1983) (2) Meylan WM, Howard
PH; J Pharm Sci 84: 83-92 (1995) (3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property
Estimation Methods. Washington,DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-9, 5-4, 5-10, 15-1 to
15-29 (1990) (4) Meylan WM, Howard PH; Environ Toxicol Chem 10: 1283-93 (1991)
(5) USEPA; EXAMS II Computer Simulation (1987) (6) Franke C et al; Chemosphere
29: 1501-14 (1994) (7) Elanco Prods Co; Volatilization rate of p-Chlorobenzotrifluoride
from Water. USEPA Doc No. 40-8452058, Fiche No. OTSO507306 (1983)]**PEER REVIEWED**
ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile
organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene,
which has a vapor pressure of 7.63 mm Hg at 25 deg C(2), is expected to exist
solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene
is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl
radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 67
days(SRC) from this compound's rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction with
photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(3). [(1) Bidleman TF; Environ Sci Technol 22: 361-367 (1988) (2)
Daubert TE, Danner RP; Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Chemicals
Vol. 3 NY,NY: Hemisphere Pub Corp (1989) (3) Atkinson R; J Chem Phys Ref Data
Monograph 1 p. 218 (1989)]**PEER REVIEWED**
Environmental Biodegradation:
In an anaerobic screening test with digester sludge, 64% of the 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene
orginally applied was degraded in 59 days(1). [(1) Elanco Prods. Co.; Volatilization rate of p-Chlorobenzotrifluoride
from Water. USEPA Doc No. 40-8452058, Fiche No. OTSO507306 (1983)]**PEER REVIEWED**
Environmental Abiotic Degradation:
The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene
with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.4X10-13
cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1).
This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 67 days at an atmospheric
concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). [(1) Atkinson R; J Chem Phys Ref Data Monograph 1 p. 218 (1989)]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Environmental Bioconcentration:
An estimated BCF of 320 was calculated for 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene(SRC),
using an estimated log Kow of 3.6(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According
to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration
in aquatic organisms is high. [(1) Meylan WM, Howard PH; J Pharm Sci 84: 83-92 (1995) (2) Lyman
WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington,DC: Amer
Chem Soc pp. 5-4, 5-10 (1990) (3) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994)]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Soil Adsorption/Mobility:
The Koc of 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene is estimated as approximately
2,200(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 3.6(1,SRC) and a regression-derived
equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value
suggests that 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene is expected to have slight
mobility in soil. [(1) Meylan WM, Howard PH; J Pharm Sci 84: 83-92 (1995) (2) Lyman
WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington,DC: Amer
Chem Soc pp. 4-9 (1990) (3) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 23 (1983)]**PEER REVIEWED**
Volatilization from Water/Soil:
The Henry's Law constant for 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene is estimated
as 3.5X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1).
This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene
is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2,SRC). Based on this
Henry's Law constant, the estimated volatilization half-life from a model river
(1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is approximately 4.0 hours(2,SRC).
The estimated volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing
0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is approximately 5.3 days(2,SRC). The
volatilization half-life from a model pond 2 m deep is estimated to be about
2.0 days ignoring adsorption(3); when considering maximum adsorption the volatilization
half-life increases to 12 days(3). 1-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene's Henry's
Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC).
The potential for volatilization of 1-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene from
dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 7.63 mm Hg at
25 deg C(4). [(1) Meylan WM, Howard PH; Environ Toxicol Chem 10: 1283-93 (1991)
(2) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington,DC:
Amer Chem Soc pp. 15-1 to 15-29 (1990) (3) USEPA; EXAMS II Computer Simulation
(1987) (4) Daubert TE, Danner RP; Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure
Chemicals Vol. 3 NY,NY: Hemisphere Pub Corp (1989)]**PEER REVIEWED**
Environmental Water Concentrations:
SURFACE WATER: 1-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene was qualitatively detected
in water samples obtained in Love Canal, NY, 1980(1). It was qualitatively detected
in Lake Ontario water samples(2). [(1) Hauser TR, Bromberg SM; Environ Monit Assess 2: 249-72 (1982)
(2) Great Lakes Water Quality Board; An Inventory of Chemical Substances Identified
in the Great Lakes Ecosystem Vol. 1 Windsor, Ontario, Canada (1983)]**PEER REVIEWED**
Sediment/Soil Concentrations:
1-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene was qualitatively detected in sediment
and soil samples obtained in Love Canal, NY 1980(1). [(1) Hauser TR, Bromberg SM; Environ Monit Assess 2: 249-72 (1982)]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Environmental Standards & Regulations:
TSCA Requirements:
Pursuant to section 8(d) of TSCA, EPA promulgated a model Health and Safety
Data Reporting Rule. The section 8(d) model rule requires manufacturers, importers,
and processors of listed chemical substances and mixtures to submit to EPA copies
and lists of unpublished health and safety studies. 4-Chlorobenzotrifluoride
is included on this list. [40 CFR 716.120 (7/1/97)]**PEER REVIEWED**
Chemical/Physical Properties:
Molecular Formula:
C7-H4-Cl-F3 **PEER REVIEWED**
Molecular Weight:
180.6 **PEER REVIEWED**
Color/Form:
WATER-WHITE LIQUID [Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary.
12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 264]**PEER REVIEWED**
Odor:
AROMATIC ODOR [Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary.
12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 264]**PEER REVIEWED**
Boiling Point:
139.3 DEG C [Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary.
12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 264]**PEER REVIEWED**
Melting Point:
-33 deg C [Lide, D.R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 76th
ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1995-1996.,p. 3-36]**PEER REVIEWED**
Density/Specific Gravity:
1.3340 g/cu cm at 25 deg C [Lide, D.R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 76th
ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1995-1996.,p. 3-36]**PEER REVIEWED**
Spectral Properties:
Index of Refraction = 1.4431 at 30 deg C/D [Lide, D.R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 76th
ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1995-1996.,p. 3-36]**PEER REVIEWED**
IR: 2:535A (Aldrich Library of Infrared Spectra, Aldrich Chemical Co, Milwaukee,
WI) [Weast, R.C. and M.J. Astle. CRC Handbook of Data on Organic
Compounds. Volumes I and II. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc. 1985.,p. V1 262]**PEER
REVIEWED**
NMR: 4:56C (Aldrich Library of Mass Spectra, Aldrich Chemical Co, Milwaukee,
WI) [Weast, R.C. and M.J. Astle. CRC Handbook of Data on Organic
Compounds. Volumes I and II. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc. 1985.,p. V1 262]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Vapor Density:
6.24 (AIR=1) [National Fire Protection Guide. Fire Protection Guide on Hazardous
Materials. 10 th ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 1991.,p.
325M-26]**PEER REVIEWED**
Vapor Pressure:
7.63 mm Hg at 25 deg C [Daubert, T.E., R.P. Danner. Physical and Thermodynamic Properties
of Pure Chemicals Data Compilation. Washington, D.C.: Taylor and Francis, 1989.]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Other Chemical/Physical Properties:
WT/GAL: 11.28 LB @ 15.5 DEG C [Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary.
12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 264]**PEER REVIEWED**
Chemical Safety & Handling:
DOT Emergency Guidelines:
Fire or explosion: Highly flammable: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks
or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to
source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will
spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements,
tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Some may polymerize
(P) explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create
fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are
lighter than water. /Chlorobenzotrifluorides/ [U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency
Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase
of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation
(U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials
Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-130]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation
or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce
irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Chlorobenzotrifluorides/
[U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency
Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase
of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation
(U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials
Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-130]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Public safety: Call Emergency Response Telephone Number. ... Isolate spill
or leak area immediately for at least 50 to 100 meters (160 to 330 feet) in
all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low
areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Chlorobenzotrifluorides/ [U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency
Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase
of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation
(U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials
Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-130]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Protective clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus
(SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited
protection. /Chlorobenzotrifluorides/ [U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency
Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase
of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation
(U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials
Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-130]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Evacuation: Large spill: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least
300 meters (1000 feet). Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in
a fire, isolate for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider
initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. /Chlorobenzotrifluorides/
[U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency
Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase
of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation
(U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials
Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-130]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Fire: Caution: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water
spray when fighting fire may be inefficient. Small fires: Dry chemical, CO2,
water spray or regular foam. Large fires: Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Do not use straight streams. Move containers from fire area if you can do it
without risk. Fire involving tanks or car/trailer loads: Fight fire from maximum
distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Cool containers with
flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately
in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
Always stay away from the ends of tanks. For massive fire, use unmanned hose
holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let
fire burn. /Chlorobenzotrifluorides/ [U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency
Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase
of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation
(U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials
Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-130]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Spill or leak: Eliminate all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks
or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must
be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you
can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined
areas. A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover
with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
Use clean non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. Large spills: Dike
far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor;
but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. /Chlorobenzotrifluorides/ [U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency
Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase
of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation
(U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials
Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-130]**PEER
REVIEWED**
First aid: Move victim to fresh air. Call emergency medical care. Apply artificial
respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with
substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20
minutes. Wash skin with soap and water. Keep victim warm and quiet. Effects
of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, and take
precautions to protect themselves. /Chlorobenzotrifluorides/ [U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency
Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase
of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation
(U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials
Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-130]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations:
Mildly toxic by ingestion and inhalation. [Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials.
9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996. 733]**PEER REVIEWED**
Fire Potential:
MODERATE FIRE RISK. [Sax, N.I. and R.J. Lewis, Sr. (eds.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical
Dictionary. 11th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1987. 264]**PEER REVIEWED**
NFPA Hazard Classification:
Flammability: 2. 2= Liquids which must be moderately heated before ignition
will occur and solids that readily give off flammable vapors. Water spray may
be used to extinguish the fire because the material can be cooled to below its
flash point. /Chlorobenzotrifluoride/ [National Fire Protection Guide. Fire Protection Guide on Hazardous
Materials. 10 th ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 1991.,p.
325M-26]**PEER REVIEWED**
Reactivity: 0. 0= Materials which are normally stable even under fire exposure
conditions, and which are not reactive with water. Normal fire fighting procedures
may be used. /Chlorobenzotrifluoride/ [National Fire Protection Guide. Fire Protection Guide on Hazardous
Materials. 10 th ed. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 1991.,p.
325M-26]**PEER REVIEWED**
Flash Point:
116 DEG F (CLOSED CUP) [Sax, N.I. and R.J. Lewis, Sr. (eds.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical
Dictionary. 11th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1987. 264]**PEER REVIEWED**
Hazardous Reactivities & Incompatibilities:
Strongly exothermic reaction with sodium dimethylsulfinate. [Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials.
9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996. 733]**PEER REVIEWED**
Hazardous Decomposition:
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride, hydrogen
fluoride/. [Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials.
9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996. 733]**PEER REVIEWED**
Shipment Methods and Regulations:
No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation
in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous
material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition
for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations
(49 CFR 171-177)./ [49 CFR 171.2 (7/1/96)]**PEER REVIEWED**
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations
are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions
618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed
by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials. [IATA. Dangerous Goods Regulations. 39th Ed. Montreal, Canada
and Geneva, Switzerland : International Air Transport Association, Dangerous
Goods Regulations, 1998. 116]**PEER REVIEWED**
The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles
for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual
substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in
the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names
has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting
to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance
or article. [IMDG; International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code; International
Maritime Organization p.3123-1 (1988)]**PEER REVIEWED**
Disposal Methods:
SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary
landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing
land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental
regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. **PEER REVIEWED**
Occupational Exposure Standards:
Manufacturing/Use Information:
Major Uses:
DYE INTERMEDIATE; CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATE; SOLVENT & DIELECTRIC FLUID [Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary.
12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 264]**PEER REVIEWED**
Key intermediate for the synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides.
Intermediate for herbicides with a diphenyl ether structure - fluorodifen and
acifluorfen - and the insecticide fluvalinate.
[Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial
Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to Present.,p.
VA11 377]**PEER REVIEWED**
Manufacturers:
Occidental Chemical Corporation, Hq, 5005 LBJ Freeway, Dallas, TX 75244, (972)
404-3800; Specialty Business Group; Production site: Buffalo Ave at 47th Street,
Niagara Falls, NY 14303. [SRI. 1997 Directory of Chemical Producers - United States of
America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International 1997. 513]**PEER REVIEWED**
SEVERAL UNKNOWN HALOGENATED CMPD DETECTED IN FISH USING METHOD SIMILAR TO
ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS MULTIRESIDUE METHOD FOR CHLORINATED
PESTICIDES IN FOODS. USING GLC-MASS SPECTOMETRIC DATA & GLC RETENTION TIME
P-CHLOROBENZOTRIFLUORIDE IDENTIFIED. [YURAWECZ MP; J ASSOC OFF ANAL CHEM 62 (1): 36 (1979)]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Special References:
Special Reports:
DHHS/NTP; NTP Report on Toxicity Studies of p-Chloro-a,a,a-Trifluorotoluene
Administered in Corn Oil and a-Cyclodextrin to F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice in
14 Day Comparative Gavage Studies NTP Tox 14 (1992)
Complete Update on 08/09/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 05/15/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/12/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/08/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/02/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/21/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/27/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/23/1999, 36 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 06/02/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/26/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/31/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/23/1997, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/28/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 05/13/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/27/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 12/30/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/24/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/25/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 01/01/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/03/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 07/28/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/24/1992, 38 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/16/1990, 3 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 03/06/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/13/1989, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 12/07/1988, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/12/1985