http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14502587
Environ Toxicol. 2003 Oct;18(5):338-46.
Comparative toxicity and biochemical responses
of certain pesticides to the mature earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa
under laboratory conditions.
Mosleh YY, Ismail SM, Ahmed MT, Ahmed YM.
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez
Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. yahia.mosleh@univ-reims.fr
This study was conducted to investigate the toxicity of aldicarb,
cypermethrin, profenofos, chlorfluazuron, atrazine, and metalaxyl
toward mature Aporrectodea caliginosa earthworms. The effects
of the LC(25) values of these pesticides on the growth rate in
relation to glucose, soluble protein, and activities of glutamic-oxaloacetic
transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), acid
phosphatase (AcP), and alkaline phosphatase (AIP) were also studied.
The results showed that aldicarb was the most toxic of the tested
pesticides, followed in order by cypermethrin, profenofos, chlorfluazuron,
atrazine, and metalaxyl. A reduction in
growth rate was observed in all pesticide-treated worms, which
was accompanied by a decrease in soluble protein and an increase
in transaminases and phosphatases. Relationships between
growth rate, protein content, transaminases, and phosphatases
provided strong evidence for the involvement of pesticidal contamination
in the biochemical changes in earthworms, which can be used as
a bioindicator of soil contamination by pesticides. Copyright
2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PMID: 14502587 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11890053&dopt=Abstract
Nahrung. 2002 Feb;46(1):34-9.
Monitoring
of pesticide residues on cucumber, tomatoes and strawberries in
Gaza Governorates, Palestine.
Safi
JM, Abou-Foul NS, el-Nahhal YZ, el-Sebae AH.
Al-Azhar University,
Faculty of Agriculture, Environmental Protection and Research
Institute, Gaza, Palestine. eprigaza@palnet.com
Three techniques of
gas chromatography (GC) either with flame photometric-detector
(FPD), electron capture detector (ECD), or with mass-spectrometry
(MS) were applied for identification and quantification of pesticide
residues on 45 samples of cucumber, tomatoes, and strawberries
in fifteen locations in Gaza Governorates. GC-FPD analysis showed
the presence of four different organo-phosphorus (OP) pesticides,
their levels were very low and below maximum residue limits (MRL's).
GC-ECD detected ten different pesticides at levels below the MRL's.
Using the GC-MS technique, alpha and beta-endosulfan, chlorpyrifos,
carbofuran, chlorfluazuron, triadimenol
I and II, penconazole, coptafolmetabolite, pyrimethanil and iprodione
were detected and confirmed on some samples of cucumber, tomatoes
and strawberries. All GC-MS pesticide residues detected on tomato
were below the MRL's except chlorfluazuron
while on strawberry were below the
MRL's except penconazole, chlorfluazuron
and pyrimethanil, but on cucumber
were slightly higher than the MRL's except alpha and beta-endosulfan.
Also, statistical analysis of pesticide residues in all samples
showed that most of the detected residues mean were significantly
lower than the MRL's (p < 0.05). Generally, tomatoes showed the
least number and level of pesticide residues by all the GC-techniques.
On the other hand, strawberries showed greater number and levels
of pesticide residues, particularly by the GC-MS technique.
These results indicate that the protective period to elapse before
harvesting should be increased especially on strawberry. The results
also can help in risk assessment of consumers exposure to the
expected pesticide residues.
PMID: 11890053
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
From
Toxline at Toxnet
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
& TECHNOLOGY; 31 (9). 1997. 2445-2454.
Fluorinated
organics in the biosphere.
KEY
BD, HOWELL RD, CRIDDLE CS
Dep. Civil Environ.
Eng., Mich. State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. The use of organofluorine compounds
has increased throughout this century, and they are now ubiquitous
environmental contaminants. Although generally viewed as recalcitrant
because of their lack of chemical reactivity, many
fluorinated organics are biologically active. Several questions
surround their distribution, fate, and effects. Of particular
interest is the fate of perfluoroalkyl substituents, such as the
trifluoromethyl group. Most evidence to date suggest that such
groups resist defluorination, yet they can confer significant
biological activity. Certain volatile fluorinated compounds can
be oxidized in the troposphere yielding nonvolatile compounds,
such as trifluoroacetic acid. In addition, certain nonvolatile
fluorinated compounds can be transformed in the biosphere to volatile
compounds. Research is needed to assess the fate and effects of
nonvolatile fluorinated organics, the fluorinated impurities present
in commercial formulations, and the transformation
CAS Registry Numbers:
137938-95-5 - na
112839-33-5 - chlorazifop [C14H11Cl2NO4]
112839-32-4 - chlorazifop [ C14H11Cl2NO4]
106917-52-6 - flusulfamide [C13H7Cl2F3N2O4S]
104040-78-0 - flazasulfuron [C13H12F3N5O5S]
102130-93-8 - 4-Fluorothreonine [ C4-H8-F-N-O3
]
101463-69-8 - flufenoxuron [C21H11ClF6N2O3]
101007-06-1 - acrinathrin [C26H21F6NO5]
97886-45-8 - dithiopyr [C15H16F5NO2S2]
96525-23-4 - flurtamone [C18H14F3NO2]
90035-08-8 - flocoumafen [C33H25F3O4]
88485-37-4 - fluxofenim [C12H11ClF3NO3]
85758-71-0 - 1-Decanol, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-heneicosafluoro-
[ C10-H-F21-O ]
83164-33-4 - diflufenican [C19H11F5N2O2]
82657-04-3 - bifenthrin [C23H22ClF3O2]
81613-59-4 - flupropadine [C20H23F6N]
80164-94-9 - Methanone, phenyl((trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-,
dichloro deriv. [ C14-H7-Cl2-F3-O
]
80020-41-3 - furyloxyfen [C17H13ClF3NO5]
79622-59-6 - fluazinam [C13H4Cl2F6N4O4]
79538-32-2 - tefluthrin [C17H14ClF7O2]
77501-63-4 - lactofen [C19H15ClF3NO7]
77501-60-1 - fluoroglycofen [C16H9ClF3NO7]
76674-21-0 - flutriafol [C16H13F2N3O]
72850-64-7 - flurazole [C12H7ClF3NO2S]
72178-02-0 - fomesafen [C15H10ClF3N2O6S]
71422-67-8 - chlorfluazuron [C20H9Cl3F5N3O3]
69806-34-4 - Haloxyfop [C15H11ClF3NO4]
69335-91-7 - fluazifop [C15H12F3NO4]
68694-11-1 - Triflumizole [ C15-H15-Cl-F3-N3-O
]
68085-85-8 - cyhalothrin [C23H19ClF3NO3]
67485-29-4 - hydramethylnon [C25H24F6N4]
66332-96-5 - flutolanil [C17H16F3NO2]
64628-44-0 - triflumuron [C15H10ClF3N2O3]
63333-35-7 - bromethalin [C14H7Br3F3N3O4]
62924-70-3 - flumetralin [C16H12ClF4N3O4]
61213-25-0 - flurochloridone [C12H10Cl2F3NO]
59756-60-4 - fluridone [C19H14F3NO]
57041-67-5 - Desflurane [ C3-H2-F6-O
]
56425-91-3 - flurprimidol [C15H15F3N2O2]
55283-68-6 - ethalfluralin [C13H14F3N3O4]
53780-34-0 - mefluidide [C11H13F3N2O3S]
50594-66-6 - acifluorfen [C14H7ClF3NO5]
42874-03-3 - oxyfluorfen [C15H11ClF3NO4]
40856-07-3 - Difluoromethanesulphonic acid
[ C-H2-F2-O3-S ]
37924-13-3 - perfluidone [C14H12F3NO4S2]
35367-38-5 - diflubenzuron [C14H9ClF2N2O2]
33245-39-5 - fluchloralin [C12H13ClF3N3O4]
31251-03-3 - fluotrimazole [C22H16F3N3]
29091-21-2 - prodiamine [C13H17F3N4O4]
29091-05-2 - dinitramine [C11H13F3N4O4]
28606-06-6 - na
28523-86-6 - Sevoflurane [ C4-H3-F7-O
]
27314-13-2 - norflurazon [C12H9ClF3N3O]
26675-46-7 - Isoflurane [ C3-H2-Cl-F5-O
]
26399-36-0 - profluralin [C14H16F3N3O4]
25366-23-8 - thiazafluron [C6H7F3N4OS]
24751-69-7 - Nucleocidin [ C10-H13-F-N6-O6-S
]
14477-72-6 - Acetic acid, trifluoro-, ion(1-) [ C2-F3-O2
]
9002-84-0 - Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) ( (C2-F4)mult-
or (C2-F4)x-)
2837-89-0 - 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoro-2-chloroethane (Freon 124) [ C2-H-Cl-F4
]
2164-17-2 - fluometuron [C10H11F3N2O]
1861-40-1 - benfluralin [C13H16F3N3O4]
1827-97-0 - 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanesulfonic
acid [ C2-H3-F3-O3-S ]
1763-23-1 - Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid [ C8-H-F17-O3-S
]
1717-00-6 - 1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane [ C2-H3-Cl2-F
]
1582-09-8 - trifluralin [C13H16F3N3O4]
1493-13-6 - Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid
[ C-H-F3-O3-S ]
811-97-2 - 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (Norflurane) [ C2-H2-F4
]
754-91-6 - Perfluorooctanesulfonamide [ C8-H2-F17-N-O2-S
]
640-19-7 - fluoroacetamide [C2H4FNO]
513-62-2 - Fluoroacetate [ C2-H2-F-O2
]
453-13-4 - 1,3-Difluoro-2-propanol [ C3-H6-F2-O
]
420-46-2 - 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane [ C2-H3-F3
]
406-90-6 - Fluroxene (Ethene, (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-) [ C4-H5-F3-O
]
370-50-3 - flucofuron [C15H8Cl2F6N2O]
335-76-2 - Perfluorodecanoic acid [ C10-H-F19-O2
]
335-67-1 - Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) [ C8-H-F15-O2
]
311-89-7 - Perfluorotributylamine [ C12-F27-N
]
306-83-2 - 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane [Freon 123) [ C2-H-Cl2-F3
]
151-67-7 - 2-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HALOTHANE)
[ C2-H-Br-Cl-F3 ]
144-49-0 - Fluoroacetic acid [ C2-H3-F-O2
]
116-14-3 - Tetrafluoroethylene [ C2-F4
]
98-56-6 - 1-Chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene [ C7-H4-Cl-F3
]
88-30-2 - TFM (3-Trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol)[ C7-H4-F3-N-O3
]
79-38-9 - Chlorotrifluoroethylene [ C2-Cl-F3
]
76-38-0 - Methoxyflurane [ C3-H4-Cl2-F2-O
]
76-15-3 - Chloropentafluoroethane (Freon 115 )[C2-Cl-F5
]
76-14-2 - Dichlorotetrafluoroethane (Freon 114 )[ C2-Cl2-F4
]
76-13-1 - 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (Freon 113 ) [C2-Cl3-F3
]
76-05-1 - Trifluoroacetic acid [ C2-H-F3-O2]
75-71-8 - Dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon 12) [ C-Cl2-F2]
75-69-4 - Trichloromonofluoromethane ( Freon
11, 11A, 11B) [C-Cl3-F]
75-68-3 - 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (Freon 142, Freon 142b)
[ C2-H3-Cl-F2]
75-45-6 - Chlorodifluoromethane (Freon 21) [ C-H-Cl-F2]
75-43-4 - Dichlorofluoromethane (Freon 21)
[C-H-Cl2-F]
From Toxline at Toxnet
JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE; 21 (4). 1996.
460-467.
MODE OF ACTION OF BENZOYLPHENYLUREAS
NAKAGAWA Y
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM JOURNAL ARTICLE PESTICIDES BENZOYLPHENYLUREAS
DIFLUBENZURON INSECTICIDE CHLORFLUAZURON
CAS Registry Numbers:
71422-67-8
71422-67-8
35367-38-5
From Toxline at Toxnet
AGROKHIMIYA; 0 (2). 1994. 83-88.
EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL DOSES OF GAMMA-HEXACHLOROCYCLOHEXANE
PHOXIM CYPERMETHRIN AND CHLORFLUAZURON ON SOIL MICROORGANISMS
AMIRKHANOV DV, NIKOLENKO AG, BAGAUTDINOV
F YA, KIRILLOVA SS
CAS Registry Numbers:
71422-67-8
71422-67-8
52315-07-8
14816-18-3
58-89-9
From Toxline at Toxnet
AGROKHIMIYA; 0 (4). 1993. 115-121.
COMPARATIVE HAZARD OF INSECTICIDES OF
DIFFERENT CHEMICAL CLASSES FOR SOIL ALGAE
NIKOLENKO AG, AMIRKHANOV DV
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM RESEARCH ARTICLE CHLORELLA-VULGARIS
CHLOROCOCCUM-MINUTUM NOSTOC-LINCKIA ANABAENA-VARIABILIS PLEUROCHLORIS-MAGNA
GAMMA-BHC BENSULTAP CHLORPYRIFOS PHOXIM DIFLUBENZURON CHLORFLUAZURON
CAS Registry Numbers:
71422-67-8
71422-67-8
35367-38-5
17606-31-4
14816-18-3
2921-88-2
58-89-9
From Toxline at Toxnet
J PESTIC SCI; 17 (2). 1992. S103-S113.
Development of an insect
growth regulator, chlorfluazuron.
HAGA T, TOKI T, TSUJII Y, NISHIYAMA R
Central Res. Inst., Ishihara Sngyo Kaisha
Ltd., Nishi-shibukawa, Kusatsu 525, Jpn.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. The authors, with the intention of
exploring an insecticide bearing a new mechanism other than nervous
system inhibition and hence possible low mammalian-toxicity, focused
as a lead on the biological profile of the benzoylphenylurea (BPU)
compounds during their research works and finally selected chlorfluazuron
which was marketted against lepidopterous pests of vegetables
and fruit trees in 1988 as Atabron and also Helix and Aim in Japan
and foreign countries, respectively. At the time of the commencement
of the exploration, the consideration was put on the following
three attempts:
1. setting up of a new bio-assay system eligible for the detection
of slow larvicidal activity specific to the BPU IGRs,»
2. diversification of trifluoromethylpyridine intermediate already
industrialized through the development of fluazifop-butyl, and
3. examination of utilization of a new clemorational design based
on the trifluoromethylpyridine synthons as a building block for
the molecule [abstract truncated]
From Toxline at Toxnet
Source: BAKER, D. R., J. G. FENYES AND W. K. MOBERG (ED.). ACS
(AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY) SYMPOSIUM SERIES, 443. SYNTHESIS AND
CHEMISTRY OF AGROCHEMICALS II; MEETING. XIII+609P. AMERICAN CHEMICAL
SOCIETY: WASHINGTON, D.C., USA. ILLUS. ISBN 0-8412-1885-4.; 0
(0). 1990 (1991). 107-120.
TRIFLUOROMETHYLPYRIDINES AS BUILDING BLOCKS
FOR NEW AGROCHEMICALS DISCOVERY OF A NEW TURF HERBICIDE
HAGA T, TSUJII Y, HAYASHI K, KIMURA F, SAKASHITA
N. FUJIKAWA K-I
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM SL-160 HIGH ACTIVITY LOW MAMMALIAN
TOXICITY RAPID SOIL DEGRADATION CHEMICAL MECHANISM
CAS Registry Numbers:
• 79622-59-6 -
Fluazinam
• 71422-67-8
- Chlorfluazuron
• 69806-50-4
- Fluazifop-buty
52918-63-5 - Deltamethrin [C22H19Br2NO3]
52645-53-1 - Permethrin
51630-58-1 - Fenvalerate
• 35367-38-5
- Diflubenzuron
34643-46-4 - Prothiofos
30560-19-1 - Acephate
18854-01-8 - Isoxathion
16752-77-5 - Methomyl
5598-13-0 - Chlorpyrifos-methyl
333-41-5 - Diazinon
62-73-7 - Dichlorvos
• =
fluorinated pesticides
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2503072&dopt=Abstract
Bull Environ Contam
Toxicol. 1989 Jul;43(1):60-5.
No
Abstract available
Hematological
studies on white male rats exposed to some antimoulting compounds.
Berberian
IG, Enan EE.
Central Agricultural
Pesticides Laboratory, University of Alexandria, Egypt.
CAS Registry Numbers:
71422-67-8
71422-67-8
64628-44-0
35367-38-5
From Toxline at Toxnet
CYTOLOGIA (TOKYO); 54 (4). 1989.
627-634.
Somatic chromosomal aberrations induced
by benzoylphenylurea (XRD 473 and IKI 7899)
in Vicia faba L. and Hordeum vulgare L.
ABDEL-RAHEM AT, RAGAB R AK
Genetics Dep., Fac. Agric., El-Minia Univ., Egypt.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. The cytological effects of two benzoylphenylurea
namely XRD 473 and IKI 7899 on mitotic
cells of V. faba afd H. vulgare were studied. Both agents caused
a depression in mitotic index of V. faba after seed soak and root
treatments. Cytological irregularities like chromosome stickiness,
laggards, bridges, multipolar cells, unequal chromosome separation,
chromosomal breaks, gaps, ring chromosome, and multinucleated
cells were observed in V. faba and H. vulgare. XRD 473 induced
higher frequencies of breakage and reunion type aberations than
IKI 7899. A maximum of 7.62% aberrant
cells were noticed after root treatment with IKI
7899 in V. faba against 8.0% after root treatment with
XRD 473 in H. vulgare. The frequency of aberant cells tend to
increase by increasing the concentration of the used agents.
Note from FAN:
IKI 7899 is Chlorfluazuron
CAS Registry Numbers:
86479-06-3
71422-67-8
From Toxline at Toxnet
INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CROP PROTECTION, PART B. MEDED FAC
LANDBOUWWET RIJKSUNIV GENT; 52 (2 PART B). 1987.
485-494.
THE EFFECT OF SOME BENZOYLPHENYL UREA
COMPOUNDS ON SPERM TRANSFER STERILITY MORTALITY AND EGG VIABILITY
OF SPODOPTERA-LITTORALIS
AHMED MT
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM DIFLUBENZURON TRIFLUMURON CHLORFLUAZURON
CAS Registry Numbers:
71422-67-8
71422-67-8
64628-44-0
35367-38-5
57-13-6
From Toxline at Toxnet
PESTIC SCI; 20 (2). 1987. 147-156.
BIOCHEMICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES
IN THE MODES OF ACTION OF THE BENZOYLUREAS
NEUMANN R, GUYER W
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS SPODOPTERA-LITTORALIS
DIFLUBENZURON CHLORFLUAZURON INSECTICIDE PESTS AGRICULTURE
CAS Registry Numbers:
71422-67-8
71422-67-8
35367-38-5
From Toxline at Toxnet
EXPERIENTIA 41:1464-1465,1985
IN VITRO MUTAGENICITY TESTING OF A POTENT,
NEW, BENZOYL UREA INSECT GROWTH REGULATOR
RETNAKARAN A, ENNIS TJ
Taxonomic Name:
SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM,TA98
SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM,TA100
SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM,TA1535
SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM,TA1537
SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM,TA1538
Test Object: BACTERIA
Control:
POSITIVE
POSITIVE
POSITIVE
POSITIVE
NEGATIVE
NEGATIVE
Name of Agent (CAS RN):
CGA 112913 ( 71422-67-8 )
MICROSOMES,RAT LIVER,SPRAGUE-DAWLEY,MALE,S9
Inducer (CAS Rn): AROCLOR ( 12767-79-2 )
Assay:
Test Category: GENE MUTATIONS
Specific Test/Endpoint: AMES TESTControl Agent:
2-NITROFLUORENE
2-AMINOANTHRACENE
MNNG
9-AMINOACRIDINE
SPONTANEOUS
ACTIVATION SYSTEM
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