http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15272606
Shokuhin Eiseigaku
Zasshi. 2004 Apr;45(2):87-94.
[Investigation
of pesticide residues in
foods distributed in Kitakyushu City]
[Article in Japanese]
Ishikawa S, Naetoko E, Kawamura S, Yamaguchi
R, Higuchi M, Kojima T, Yamato Y, Takahashi M.
Kitakyushu City Institute of Environmental Sciences, 1-2-1, Shinike,
Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu 804-0082, Japan.
We investigated 160 kinds of pesticide residues in 715 samples
of 116 kinds of foods distributed in Kitakyushu city. Sixty kinds
of pesticides were detected in 55 kinds of foods (204 samples)
in the range of 0.002-22 mg/kg. Five kinds of pesticides in 7
samples violated the residue standards and the indication of "unused".
The detection ratios of unregulated pesticide in domestic and
imported foods were 27.8 and 33.0%, respectively. Iprodione, dicofol,
diethofencarb, procymidone and chlorfenapyr
(for domestic food) and total bromine, benomyl, chlorpyrifos,
dicofol, fenvalerate, cypermethrin and dimethoate (for imported
food) showed relatively high detection ratios.
Chinese cabbage, garland chrysanthemum, tomatoes and green teas
(domestic) and broccoli, bananas, grapefruit, lemons, oranges,
frozen edamame and frozen kidney beans (imported) showed high
relative pesticide detection ratios. Residual
pesticides were detected with relatively high frequency in imported
fruits, imported frozen foods and imported processed foods.
PMID: 15272606 [PubMed - in process]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15087163
Ecotoxicol Environ
Saf. 2004 May;58(1):50-60.
Fate
and effects of the insecticide-miticide chlorfenapyr in outdoor
aquatic microcosms.
Rand
GM.
Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Department of Environmental
Studies/SERC, Florida International University, Biscayne Bay Campus,
3000 Northeast 151 Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA. randg@fiu.edu
The concentrations of chlorfenapyr in water and sediment in a
lentic pond following early and late applications in a Florida
crop treatment program were predicted using PRZM and EXAMS modeling
and incorporating 30 years of actual rainfall data. An outdoor
microcosm study was also conducted to determine the fate of chlorfenapyr
and its effects on zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, phytoplankton,
and fish in a freshwater system under exposure conditions representing
simulated surface runoff and/or spray drift. The microcosm design
used a regression model with five treatments (i.e., 300 microg/L
spray, 30 microg/L spray, 15 microg/L spray and 30 microg/L runoff,
1.2 microg/L spray and 2.5 microg/L runoff, 30 microg/L runoff)
plus a control. Chlorfenapyr was applied as an aqueous suspension
concentrate (36% a.i.) to six microcosm tanks (30.9 m3). The no-observed-effect-concentration
(NOEC) for zooplankton was the water concentration produced from
the combination 1.2 microg/L spray and 2.5 microg/L runoff treatment.
The NOEC for bluegill sunfish was the water concentration produced
from the 30 microg/L runoff, which was significantly higher than
the exposure concentrations from the lowest combination treatment.
Chlorfenapyr was more toxic via spray to
the water than via an exposure simulating surface runoff.
The 96-h time weighted average concentrations (TWAs) from the
lowest joint treatment and the 30 microg/L runoff treatment in
the microcosm study were similar to model-predicted water 96-h
TWA concentrations from early and late applications. The toxicity
data from laboratory and microcosm studies along with water exposure
data indicate low hazard to zooplankton species in the water column.
Although chlorfenapyr remained in sediment,
TWAs concentrations from the microcosm study along with model-predicted
concentrations indicate low hazard to benthic invertebrate species
based on acute toxicity to amphipods in the laboratory. Results
from this assessment
indicate that with appropriate measures to mitigate spray drift
to shallow water bodies, applications of chlorfenapyr do not present
a hazard to aquatic organisms during labeled uses.
PMID: 15087163
[PubMed - in process]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15079930
Chudoku Kenkyu. 2004
Jan;17(1):89-93.
[Acute
chlorfenapyr poisoning]
[Article in Japanese]
Endo
Y, Tachibana S, Hirano J, Kuroki Y, Ohashi N, Yoshioka T, Sugimoto
T.
Publication Types:
* News
PMID: 15079930
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14756407
Exp Appl Acarol. 2003;31(1-2):131-4.
First
detection of chlorfenapyr (Secure) resistance in two-spotted spider
mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) from nectarines in an Australian orchard.
Herron
GA, Rophail J.
NSW Agriculture, EMAI,
PMB 8, 2570 Camden, Australia.
Chlorfenapyr resistance
(2.9- and 19.9-fold respectively at LC50 and LC99 level) was detected
in Tetranychus urticae Koch causing control failure following
a single application of product to nectarines.
PMID: 14756407
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15176730
Exp Appl Acarol. 2004;32(4):249-61.
Genetic
analysis and cross-resistance spectrum of
a laboratory-selected chlorfenapyr resistant strain of two-spotted
spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae).
Van
Leeuwen T, Stillatus V, Tirry L.
Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty
of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Ghent University,
Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. thomas.vanleeuwen@ugent.be
A laboratory susceptible strain of Tetranychus urticae was selected
with chlorfenapyr resulting in a resistant strain. After 12 cycles
of exposure, the resistance ratio (RR) calculated from the LC50s
of susceptible and selected strain was 580. The resistant strain
was screened with 16 currently used acaricides for cross-resistance.
Cross-resistance was detected with amitraz (RR = 19.1), bifenthrin
(RR = 1.3), bromopropylate (RR = 7.5), clofentezine (RR = 29.6)
and dimethoate (RR = 17.6). No cross-resistance was detected with
the new molecules acequinocyl, bifenazate and spirodiclofen. Mortality
caused by chlorfenapyr in the F1 progeny from reciprocal crosses
between both strains indicated that the mode of inheritance was
incomplete recessive. Mortality in F2 progeny indicated that the
resistance was under the control of more than one gene. Synergist
experiments with S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioate (DEF), piperonylbutoxide
(PBO) and diethylmaleate (DEM), which are inhibitors of esterases,
monooxygenases and glutathion-S-transferases respectively, suggested
a major role of esterases in the resistance to chlorfenapyr.
PMID: 15176730 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15154513
Pest Manag Sci. 2004
May;60(5):465-73.
Synergism
of insecticides provides evidence of metabolic mechanisms of resistance
in the obliquebanded leafroller Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera:
Tortricidae).
Ahmad
M, Hollingworth RM.
Department of Entomology, Center for Integrated Plant Systems,
Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
The interactions between six insecticides (indoxacarb, cypermethrin,
chlorpyrifos, azinphosmethyl, tebufenozide and chlorfenapyr)
and three potential synergists, (piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributyl
phosphorotrithioate (DEF) and diethyl maleate (DEM)) were studied
by dietary exposure in a multi-resistant and a susceptible strain
of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris).
The synergists did not produce appreciable synergism with most
of the insecticides in the susceptible strain. Except for tebufenozide,
PBO synergized all the insecticides to varying degrees in the
resistant strain. A very high level of synergism by PBO was found
with indoxacarb, which reduced the resistance level from 705-
to 20-fold when PBO was administered alone and to around 10-fold
when used in combination with DEF. DEF also synergized indoxacarb,
cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, azinphosmethyl and tebufenozide in
the resistant strain. DEM produced synergism of indoxacarb, chlorpyrifos,
azinphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr
in the resistant strain. DEM was highly synergistic to cypermethrin,
and to some extent to tebufenozide in both the susceptible and
resistant strains equally, implying that detoxification by glutathione
S-transferases was not a mechanism of resistance for these insecticides.
The high level of synergism seen with DEM in the case of cypermethrin
may be due to an increase in oxidative stress resulting from the
removal of the antioxidant, glutathione.
These studies indicate that enhanced detoxification, often mediated
by cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases, but with probable esterase
and glutathione S-transferase contributions in some cases, is
the major mechanism imparting resistance to different insecticides
in C. rosaceana.
PMID: 15154513 [PubMed - in process]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14503578&dopt=Abstract
J Econ Entomol. 2003
Aug;96(4):1083-90.
Effects
of methoxyfenozide, indoxacarb, and other insecticides on the
beneficial egg parasitoid Trichogramma
nr. brassicae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) under laboratory
and field conditions.
Hewa-Kapuge
S, McDougall S, Hoffmann AA.
Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research, La Trobe
University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia.
Trichogramma nr. brassicae is a common egg parasitoid of Helicoverpa
species in Australian processing tomatoes, but its effectiveness
can be severely curtailed by insecticide applications. To identify
insecticides that are potentially compatible with this species,
the effects of seven insecticides, including newly introduced
compounds and a surfactant, were screened in laboratory and glasshouse
assays for their toxicity to the wasps. Assays involved direct
applications on adults, residual effects on adults, and applications
on life stages still inside the host. Methoxyfenozide and indoxacarb
were not toxic to Trichogramma in any assay when applied at field
rates. Naled and chlorfenapyr caused 100%
mortality when directly applied to adults, and 95% mortality when
adults were exposed to residues of these chemicals within 24 h
of application. The effects of naled residues were short
lived (<48 h). Naled and chlorfenapyr were also toxic when
applied to Trichogramma developing inside host eggs, reducing
emergence of adults by >25%. Imidacloprid, emamectin, and tau-fluvalinate
were toxic in some experiments; they caused >97% mortality
in adults 1 h after direct application and in residue assays they
caused 23-64% mortality during the first 24 h. In field trials,
methoxyfenozide had no harmful effects on emergence from sprayed
parasitized eggs, whereas indoxacarb had a small impact (<8%)
on emergence. Methoxyfenozide and indoxacarb are potentially suitable
for inclusion in integrated pest management strategies for management
of Helicoverpa because they do not influence adult survival or
development of immature stages, whereas other chemicals need to
be treated cautiously.
PMID: 14503578 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12539841&dopt=Abstract
J Econ Entomol.
2002 Dec;95(6):1267-74.
Genetic
basis of resistances to chlorfenapyr and etoxazole in the two-spotted
spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae).
Uesugi
R, Goka K, Osakabe M.
Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Graduate
School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku,
Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
We studied the genetic basis of resistance to two new acaricides,
chlorfenapyr and etoxazole, which have different chemical structures
and modes of action in the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus
urticae Koch. The resistance ratios calculated from the LC50s of
resistant and susceptible strains were 483 for chlorfenapyr and
>100,000 for etoxazole. Mortality caused by the two acaricides
in F1 progeny from reciprocal crosses between the resistant and
susceptible strains indicated that the modes of inheritance of resistance
to chlorfenapyr and etoxazole were completely dominant and completely
recessive, respectively. Mortality in F2 progeny indicated that
for both acaricides, the resistance was under monogenic control.
Repeated backcross experiments indicated a linkage relationship
among the two acaricide resistances and malate dehydrogenase, although
phosphoglucoisomerase was not linked with them. The recombination
ratio between the resistances was 14.8%. From this result, we suggest
that heavy spraying of the two acaricides will lead to apparent
cross-resistance as a consequence of crossing over; the two resistance
genes are so close to each other that it would be difficult to segregate
them once they came together on the same chromosome.
PMID: 12539841 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12033804&dopt=Abstract
J Agric Food Chem.
2002 Jun 5;50(12):3412-8.
- Erratum in: J Agric
Food Chem 2002 Jul 17;50(15):4430.
Method
development and fate determination of pesticide-treated hops and
their subsequent usage in the production of
beer.
Hengel
MJ, Shibamoto T.
University of California,
Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA. mjhengel@ucdavis.edu
The fate of residues
of seven agrochemicals (chlorfenapyr,
quinoxyfen, tebuconazole, fenarimol, pyridaben, and E- and Z-dimethomorph)
from the treatment on hops to the brewing of beer was studied.
First, a multi-residue analytical method was developed for the
determination of pesticide residues in spent hops, trub, wort,
and beer. Each matrix was validated over at least two levels of
fortification, for all seven compounds, in the ranges 0.05-5.0,
0.001-1.0, 0.001-0.05, and 0.0005-1.0 ppm for spent hops, trub,
wort, and beer, respectively. Recoveries ranged from 73 to 136%.
Second, the matrixes prepared from hops, which were treated under
commercial practices with each compound, were analyzed using the
method developed. The use of treated hops resulted in the carryover
of 0.001 ppm of tebuconazole, 0.008 Z-dimethomorph, and 0.005
ppm of E-dimethomorph into the wort. The bulk of the remaining
residues of all seven compounds was found on the spent hops. Following
fermentation, all compounds were found in levels less than 0.0005
ppm in beer, except Z- (0.006 ppm) and E-dimethomorph (0.004 ppm).
Third, when all seven pesticides were spiked prior to the pitching
of yeast into clean wort, most of the nonpolar
compounds (chlorfenapyr, quinoxyfen, and pyridaben) partitioned
into the organic material (trub) which settled to the bottom,
while the more polar compounds (fenarimol, tebuconazole, and E-
and Z-dimethomorph) were generally distributed evenly between
the beer and the trub.
PMID: 12033804
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12020009&dopt=Abstract
J Econ Entomol. 2002
Apr;95(2):331-5.
Toxicity,
persistence, and efficacy of spinosad, chlorfenapyr, and thiamethoxam
on eggplant when applied against the eggplant flea beetle (Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae).
McLeod
P, Diaz FJ, Johnson DT.
Department of Entomology,
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA.
A laboratory bioassay
was developed for determining the toxicity of spinosad, chlorfenapyr,
and thiamethoxam against the eggplant flea beetle, Epitrix fuscula
Crotch, on eggplant foliage. Four days after initial exposure,
LC50 values were 1.99, 2.50, and 0.88 ppm for spinosad, chlorfenapyr,
and thiamethoxam, respectively. By dividing the recommended field
rate in ppm by the LC50 value, a field toxicity ratio was determined
and ranged from 13.5 for spinosad to 73.9 for thiamethoxam. The
high ratios suggest that field rates for all three insecticides
could likely be reduced. This was supported by field studies in
2000 in which reduced rates of spinosad and thiamethoxam significantly
reduced flea beetle numbers on eggplant. Mortality produced by
thiamethoxam occurred more quickly than that for the other tested
materials as shown with LT50 values of 1.8, 3.0, and 3.6 and days
for thiamethoxam, chlorfenapyr, and spinosad, respectively. Persistence
studies indicated that while all three of the tested compounds
initially produced high levels of mortality, chlorfenapyr and
thiamethoxam produced 50% or greater mortality after 6 d. Our
data suggest that future management strategies for E. fuscula
on eggplant can be successfully altered to meet the changing needs
of the producer. Spinosad was recently registered, is effective
against the E. fuscula, and offers a viable alternative to carbamate
and pyrethroid insecticides. Thiamethoxam and chlorfenapyr offer
high levels of toxicity to E. fuscula and upon registration will
offer additional effective tools for management.
PMID:
12020009 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11358627&dopt=Abstract
Vet Parasitol. 2001
May 22;97(2):123-9.
Efficacy
of chlorfenapyr (AC 303630) experimental pour-on and CyLence formulations
against naturally acquired louse infestations on cattle
in New York.
Kaufman
PE, Rutz DA, Doscher ME, Albright R.
Department of Entomology,
Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14817, USA. pek4@cornell.edu
The four chlorfenapyr
formulations examined provided 100% control of both the nymphal
and adult stages of naturally acquired Bovicola bovis (L.) on
cattle up to 35 days after application. Treatment with 6mg chlorfenapyr
per kg BW in a 0.12ml per kg BW formulation was as effective as
treatment with CyLence (cyfluthrin) in controlling naturally acquired
Solenopotes capillatus (Enderlein) on cattle for 35 days. Percent
reduction was never greater than 90% with any chlorfenapyr application
against Linognathus vituli (L.). However, percent reduction was
greater than 90% with CyLence from day 21 through 35. No adverse
effects were noted on cattle from any of the chlorfenapyr dosages
used.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
PMID: 11358627
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11697784&dopt=Abstract
Exp Appl Acarol. 2001;25(6):461-74.
Comparative
residual toxicities of pesticides to the predator Agistemus industani
(Acari: Stigmaeidae) on citrus in Florida.
Childers
CC, Villanueva R, Aguilar H, Chewning R, Michaud JP.
University of Florida,
Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred 33850, USA.
ccc@lal.ufl.edu
Residual toxicities
of registered and selected experimental pesticides used on citrus
against Agistemus industani Gonzalez (Acari: Stigmaeidae) were
compared. Pesticides considered highly toxic to A. industani were:
abamectin 0.15 EC at 731 ml/ha + FC 435-66 petroleum oil at 46.8
l/ha, pyridaben 75 WP at 469 g/ha, ethion 4 EC at 7.01 l/ha +
FC 435-66 petroleum oil at 46.8 l/ha, propargite 6.55 EC at 3.51
l/ha, chlorfenapyr 2 SC at 1.46 l/ha
applied alone or in combination with FC 435-66 petroleum oil at
46.8 l/ha, sulphur 80 DF at 16.81 kg/ha. dicofol 4EC at 7.01 l/ha,
fenbutatin oxide 50 WP at 2.24 kg/ha, benomyl 50 WP at 2.24 kg/ha,
benomyl 50 WP at 1.68 kg/ha + ferbam 76 GF at 5.60 kg/ha, ferbam
76 GF at 11.21 kg/ha, neem oil 90 EC at 46.8 l/ha, and copper
hydroxide DF (40% metallic copper) at 4.48 kg metallic copper/ha
+ FC 435-66 petroleum oil at 46.8 l/ha. Pesticides that were moderately
to slightly toxic included: copper sulphate 98% at 4.48 kg metallic
copper/ha + FC 435-66 petroleum oil at 46.8 l/ha, fenbuconazole
2 F at 280 ml/ha + FC 435-66 petroleum oil at 46.8 l/ha, FC 435-66
petroleum oil applied alone at 46.8 l/ha or 23.41/ha, and diflubenzuron
25 WP at 1.40 kg/ha. Pesticides that were non-toxic included:
fenbuconazole 2 F at 585 ml/ha, malathion 57 EC at 5.85 l/ha,
FC 435-66 petroleum oil at 46.8 l/ha, carbaryl 80 S at 3.36 kg/ha.
chlorpyrifos 4 EC at 4.68 l/ha, and formetanate 92 SP at 1.12
kg/ha. Understanding the toxic effects of field weathered pesticides
against key predacious mite species is important for effective
IPM. The results of this study provide a comparison of direct
and indirect toxic effects of various pesticides to A. industani
under field conditions.
PMID: 11697784
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11027863&dopt=Abstract
Vet Parasitol. 2000
Nov 1;93(1):77-82.
Chlorfenapyr
ear tags to control Haematobia irritans
(L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) on cattle.
Guglielmone
AA, Volpogni MM, Scherling N, Cobenas MM, Mangold AJ, Anziani
OS, Ioppolo M, Doscher M.
Instituto Nacional
de Tecnologia Agropecuaria, Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria
Rafaela, CC 22, CP 2300 Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina. aguglielmone@inta.gov.ar
The efficacy of ear
tags containing 30% chlorfenapyr (total tag weight=13g) to control
natural Haematobia irritans (L.) infestations was evaluated for
Holstein heifers in Rafaela, province of Santa Fe, Argentina.
A group of heifers (TG) was treated with two ear tags (one tag
per ear). A control group (ACG) was maintained in a paddock adjacent
to the TG paddock and, a distant control group (DCG) was maintained
700m apart from the other groups. From day 4 to day 98 after treatment,
H. irritans infestations of ACG were significantly higher (P<0.05,
test of Kruskal-Wallis) than the corresponding infestation of
TG, but significantly lower than infestation in DCG, probably
due to the proximity of TG. The chlorfenapyr control period, with
an efficacy higher than 90% to reduce horn fly populations, lasted
for 9 weeks when TG infestation was compared to fly numbers in
ACG, but increased to 12 weeks in comparison to DCG. The results
of this study show that ear tags impregnated with chlorfenapyr
are a useful alternative to pyrethroids and organo-phosphate compounds
for horn fly control.
Publication Types:
Clinical Trial
PMID: 11027863
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://entweb.clemson.edu/scesweb/archives/173/abst3.htm
J. Agric. Urban Entomol.
17(3): 135-142 (January 2000)
Integration
of Chlorfenapyr into a Management Program for the German Cockroach
(Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)1
Abdullahi
Ameen, Walid Kaakeh (1) and Gary Bennett
Center for Urban and
Industrial Pest Management, Department of Entomology, 1158 Smith
Hall, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
(1) Faculty of Agricultural
Sciences, PO Box 17555, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain,
United Arab Emirates.
Chlorfenapyr, a new
active ingredient discovered by American Cyanamid Company was
found to have excellent insecticidal activities against field
populations of German cockroaches. Trap catch reduction in cockroach
infested apartments treated with the suspended concentrate (SC)
and wettable powder (WP) formulations of chlorfenapyr was between
52.4 and 80.5% and 64.6 and 82.3%, respectively, after 8 wks of
post-treatment sampling. The level of control recorded for these
formulations was not significantly different compared to that
of cypermethrin, (Demon emulsifiable concentrate (EC)), a
commercially available cockroach control insecticide. Trap catch
reduction was between 53.6 and 71.8% for Demon EC over the
same period. A laboratory bioassay designed to test the residual
toxicity of the two formulations of chlorfenapyr for up to 180d
post-treatment, the WP formulation was found to have significantly
higher activities than the SC formulation against cockroaches
exposed on treated surfaces. We recorded 100% mortality for cockroaches
exposed on WP treated surfaces after 180d compared to 62.5% for
cockroaches exposed on SC treated surfaces.Chlorfenapyr has been
reported to be active on insects' respiratory system. The potential
for its use in German cockroach resistance management program
is discussed.
From
Toxline at Toxnet
SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST;
24 (1). 1999. 21-29.
Effect
of new cotton insecticide chemistries, tebufenozide, spinosad
and chlorfenapyr, on Orius insidious and two Cotesia species.
PIETRANTONIO
PV, BENEDICT JH
Department of Entomology,
Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2475, USA.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Three new insecticide chemistries
recommended for cotton, tebufenozide (ConfirmTM), spinosad (TracerTM)
and chlorfenapyr (PirateTM), were
evaluated for their effects on survival of two key beneficial
insects, the predaceous insidious flower bug, Orius insidiosus
(Say)(Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), and the parasitic wasp of many
lepidopteran pest larvae, Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (Hymenoptera:
Braconidae). The closely related species Cotesia plutella (Kurdjumov)
(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was ty, killing 21-55% of O. insidiosus.
Residues of ConfirmTM also werenontoxic to adult C. plutella.
However, TracerTM and PirateTM residues were toxic to this parasitoid
and to C. marginiventris. PirateTM was more
toxic than TracerTM to these two parasitoids. Therefore,
under the conditions of this study, ConfirmTM and TracerTM were
less harmful than PirateTM for all species tested. A simple toxicity
rating system for insecticide selectivity to beneficial insects
is discussed.
From
Toxline at Toxnet
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC
ENTOMOLOGY; 91 (2). 1998. 398-400.
Increased
susceptibility of pyrethroid-resistant horn flies (Diptera: Muscidae)
to chlorfenapyr.
SHEPPARD
DC, JOYCE JA
Coastal Plain Exp.
Stn., Dep. Entomol., Univ. Ga., Tifton, GA 31793-0748, USA.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Chlorfenapyr
(AC 303630) was found to be 5 times as toxic to pyrethroid-resistant
horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.), as to susceptibles.
We hypothesize this difference occurs because higher levels of
mixed function oxidases in the resistant flies convert more chlorfenapyr
(a pro-insecticide) to the insecticidal form. This negative cross-resistance
between chlorfenapyr and pyrethroids offers new resistance management
possibilities.
From
Toxline at Toxnet
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC
ENTOMOLOGY; 91 (2). 1998. 401-409.
Susceptibility
of predaceous hemipteran species to selected insecticides on soybean
in Louisiana.
BOYD
ML, BOETHEL DJ
Dep. Entomol., Univ.
Mo., Delta Res. Cent., Portageville, MO 63873, USA.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Toxicity of selected insecticides
to hemipteran predators (i.e., Geocoris punctipes (Say), Nabis
capsiformis Germar, Nabis roseipennis Reuter, and Podisus maculiventris
(Say)) was evaluated by contact with foliar residues and indirectly
through the consumption of prey (i.e. soybean looper, Pseudoplusia
includens (Walker)) previously exposed to insecticides. Methyl
parathion and permethrin generally were more toxic than newer
insecticides after predators were exposed to treated foliage.
Chlorfenapyr caused contact toxicity equal
to permethrin and methyl parathion. Exposure to foliage
treated with emamectin benzoate resulted in lower mortality as
compared with chlorfenapyr. Foliage treated with Bacillus thuringiensis
Berliner subsp. kurstaki had the lowest contact toxicity to hemipteran
predators of all insecticides tested. Standard insecticides (i.e.,
methyl parathion and thiodicarb) caused low indirect toxicity
to hemipteran predators after consumption of treated prey.
From
Toxline at Toxnet
PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY
AND PHYSIOLOGY; 50 (2). 1994. 115-128.
Insecticidal
action and mitochondrial uncoupling activity of AC-303,630 and
related halogenated pyrroles.
BLACK
BC, HOLLINGWORTH RM, AHAMMADSAHIB
KI, KUKEL CD, DONOVAN S
Pesticide
Res. Cent., Mich. State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT:
BIOL ABS. The mode of action of the experimental insecticide/acaricide,
AC-303,630 ((4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(ethoxymethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrole-3-carbonitrile);
Pirate, Stalker, CAS No. (122453-73-0)), and its halogenated pyrrole
analogs was studied. AC-303,630 caused greatly increased respiratory
activity in German cockroaches but was virtually inactive as an
uncoupler against isolated mitochondria. However, its N-dealkylated
analog, AC-303,268, was a potent uncoupler with notable activity
in the range of 10-100 nM against rat, fish, and insect mitochondria.
Both respiratory stimulation and toxicity were antagonized in
insects by pretreatment with the monooxygenase inhibitor piperonyl
butoxide. Structure-activity studies with a range of halogenated
pyrroles also supported a relationship between uncoupling and
toxicity. Based on these results it is concluded that AC-303,630
is a propesticide that is activated by the oxidative removal of
the N-ethoxymethyl group. This [abstract truncated]
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