Sodium fluosilicate (Sodium silicofluoride). TOXNET profile from Hazardous Substances Data Base.

FLUORIDE ACTION NETWORK PESTICIDE PROJECT

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Sodium silicofluoride (Sodium fluosilicate).
TOXNET profile from Hazardous Substances Data Base.

See for Updates: http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?HSDB

SODIUM SILICOFLUORIDE
CASRN: 16893-85-9
For other data, click on the Table of Contents

Human Health Effects:

Human Toxicity Excerpts:

SYMPTOMATOLOGY: A. INGESTION OF SOL FLUORIDE SALTS... 1. SALTY OR SOAPY TASTE, SALIVATION, NAUSEA, BURNING OR CRAMPY ABDOMINAL PAIN, VOMITING, DIARRHEA (MAY BE BLOODY). DEHYDRATION & THIRST. 2. MUSCLE WEAKNESS, TREMORS, & RARELY TRANSIENT EPILEPTIFORM CONVULSIONS...CENTRAL NERVOUS DEPRESSION. /FLUORIDE/
[Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1976.,p. II-78]**PEER REVIEWED**

SYMPTOMATOLOGY /INGESTION/: 3. SHOCK CHARACTERIZED BY PALLOR, WEAK & THREADY PULSE...SHALLOW UNLABORED RESP, WEAK HEART SOUNDS, WET COLD SKIN, CYANOSIS, DILATED PUPILS, FOLLOWED...BY DEATH IN 2-4 HR. 4. ...PARALYSIS OF MUSCLE OF DEGLUTITION, CARPOPEDAL SPASM, & SPASM OF EXTREMITIES. /FLUORIDE/
[Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1976.,p. II-78]**PEER REVIEWED**

SYMPTOMATOLOGY /INGESTION/: 5. OCCASIONALLY LOCALIZED OR GENERALIZED URTICARIA. /FLUORIDE/
[Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1976.,p. II-78]**PEER REVIEWED**

A 2 1/2-year old girl ingested sodium silicofluoride, developed acute respiratory failure, a prolonged AT interval, ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia (3 to 4 mg/100 ml), and aspiration pneumonia.
[Ellenhorn, M.J., S. Schonwald, G. Ordog, J. Wasserberger. Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology: Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins, 1997. 1003]**PEER REVIEWED**

Drug Warnings:

Food and Environmental Agents: Effect on Breast-Feeding: Reported Sign or Symptom in Infant or Effect on Lactation: Fluorides: None. /from Table 7/
[Report of the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs in Pediatrics 93 (1): 142 (1994)]**QC REVIEWED**

Probable Routes of Human Exposure:

AVOID INHALATION OF DUSTS
[Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1974. 547]**PEER REVIEWED**

Minimum Fatal Dose Level:

4. 4= VERY TOXIC: PROBABLE ORAL LETHAL DOSE (HUMAN) 50-500 MG/KG, BETWEEN 1 TEASPOON & 1 OZ FOR 70 KG PERSON (150 LB).
[Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1976.,p. II-78]**PEER REVIEWED**

Emergency Medical Treatment:

EMT Copyright Disclaimer:

Portions of the POISINDEX(R) database are provided here for general reference. THE COMPLETE POISINDEX(R) DATABASE, AVAILABLE FROM MICROMEDEX, SHOULD BE CONSULTED FOR ASSISTANCE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OR TREATMENT OF SPECIFIC CASES. Copyright 1974-1998 Micromedex, Inc. Denver, Colorado. All Rights Reserved. Any duplication, replication or redistribution of all or part of the POISINDEX(R) database is a violation of Micromedex' copyrights and is strictly prohibited.
The following Overview, *** FLUORIDE ***, is relevant for this HSDB record chemical.

Life Support:

o This overview assumes that basic life support measures have been instituted.

Clinical Effects:

SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE 0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o Following ingestion, sodium fluoride probably reacts with gastric acid to produce highly corrosive HF which may cause the nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pains, and acute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis reported following massive overdose. o In most instances, gastrointestinal signs and symptoms predominate. Other effects include headache, numbness, carpopedal spasm, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and hyperkalemia. In severe poisoning hypotension and dysrhythmias may develop. Death usually occurs from cardiac failure or respiratory paralysis. o Respiratory and mucous membrane irritation may develop after inhalation. CARDIOVASCULAR 0.2.5.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o Cardiac arrhythmias consistent with hyperkalemia may be noted. Fatal cardiac arrest occurred in several patients with renal failure exposed to fluoride during hemodialysis. RESPIRATORY 0.2.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o Respirations are first stimulated then depressed. Death is usually from respiratory paralysis. Following inhalation, coughing and choking may be noted. NEUROLOGIC 0.2.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o Hyperactive reflexes, painful muscle spasms, weakness and tetanic contractures may be noted due to fluoride induced hypocalcemia. GASTROINTESTINAL 0.2.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o Epigastric pain, nausea, dysphagia, salivation, hematemesis, and diarrhea may be noted. These effects may be delayed for several hours following exposure. GI symptoms are noted when 3 to 5 mg/kg of fluoride are ingested. FLUID-ELECTROLYTE 0.2.12.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o Hyperkalemia may be noted. Hypocalcemia is likely. DERMATOLOGIC 0.2.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o Urticaria and pruritus have been reported following exposure to fluoride. REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS o Prenatal fluoride supplementation (2.2 mg NaF or 1 mg fluoride daily) during the last two trimesters of pregnancy has been reported to be safe. OTHER 0.2.23.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o CHRONIC EXPOSURE - Prolonged exposure to fluorinated water may cause fluorosis. Signs and symptoms of fluorosis include brittle bones, calcified ligaments, and other crippling changes.

Laboratory:

o Monitor serum calcium, potassium, and magnesium levels regularly in symptomatic patients. o No other specific lab work (CBC, electrolyte, urinalysis) is needed unless otherwise indicated. o Monitor EKG in significant intoxications.

Treatment Overview:

ORAL EXPOSURE o ADMINISTER milk, calcium gluconate, or calcium lactate to bind fluoride ion in the gastrointestinal tract. o ANTACIDS (aluminum and/or magnesium based) should be administered. o IV calcium (gluconate or chloride) and magnesium may be necessary to correct serum deficits of these divalent metals in serious overdosage. o Monitor EKG and vital signs. INHALATION EXPOSURE o INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with beta2 agonist and corticosteroid aerosols. EYE EXPOSURE o DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a health care facility. DERMAL EXPOSURE o DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists.

Range of Toxicity:

o The estimated toxic dose is 5 to 10 mg/kg of fluoride (not sodium fluoride). GI symptoms have occurred following ingestion of 3 to 5 mg/kg of fluoride. Accidental ingestion of sodium fluoride by children usually does not present serious risk if the amount of fluoride ingested is less than 5 mg/kg. Death has been reported following ingestion of 16 mg/kg of fluoride. Fluoride toothpaste typically contains a maximum of 1 milligram of fluoride per gram of toothpaste.

[Rumack BH: POISINDEX(R) Information System. Micromedex, Inc., Englewood, CO, 2001; CCIS Volume 110, edition exp November, 2001. Hall AH & Rumack BH (Eds):TOMES(R) Information System. Micromedex, Inc., Englewood, CO, 2001; CCIS Volume 110, edition exp November, 2001.] **PEER REVIEWED**

Antidote and Emergency Treatment:

TREATMENT: A. INGESTION OF SOL FLUORIDE SALTS... 1. START IV INFUSION OF GLUCOSE IN ISOTONIC SALINE. 2. INJECT IV 10 ML OF 10% CALCIUM GLUCONATE SOLN. REPEAT IN ABOUT 1 HR &/OR WHENEVER TETANY APPEARS. 3. GENTLE GASTRIC LAVAGE WITH LIME WATER OR 1% SOLN OF CALCIUM CHLORIDE... /FLUORIDE/
[Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1976.,p. II-78]**PEER REVIEWED**

TREATMENT: 3. ... ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE GELS SHOULD BE EXCEPTIONALLY EFFECTIVE FOR BINDING FLUORIDE. 4. INJECT IM 10 ML OF 10% CALCIUM GLUCONATE @ 4-6 HOUR INTERVALS UNTIL RECOVERY IS COMPLETE... /FLUORIDE/
[Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1976.,p. II-78]**PEER REVIEWED**

TREATMENT: 5. TREAT SHOCK VIGOROUSLY BY ADMIN OF SALINE, PLASMA, OR WHOLE BLOOD... NOREPINEPHRINE IS PROBABLY USEFUL. GIVE OXYGEN AS NEEDED. KEEP PT WARM. 6. CORRECT DEHYDRATION & ATTEMPT TO MAINTAIN A MILD DIURESIS, BUT DISCONTINUE FLUIDS & ELECTROLYTES...IF ANURIA DEVELOPS... /FLUORIDE/
[Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1976.,p. II-78]**PEER REVIEWED**

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 m1 of water for dilution if the patent can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Fluorine and related compounds/
[Bronstein, A.C., P.L. Currance; Emergency Care for Hazardous Materials Exposure. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO. Mosby Lifeline. 1994. 416]**PEER REVIEWED**

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's to support vital signs if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Fluorine and related compounds/
[Bronstein, A.C., P.L. Currance; Emergency Care for Hazardous Materials Exposure. 2nd ed. St. Louis, MO. Mosby Lifeline. 1994. 417]**PEER REVIEWED**

Animal Toxicity Studies:

Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts:

COMPD WITH HIGH WATER SOLUBILITY SUCH AS...SODIUM FLUOSILICATE PRODUCE SEVERE PLANT DAMAGE. ...HIGHLY TOXIC TO FOLIAGE.
[White-Stevens, R. (ed.). Pesticides in the Environment: Volume 1, Part 1, Part 2. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1971. 69]**PEER REVIEWED**

.../RESEARCHERS/ EXPOSED GUINEA PIGS TO AIR BEARING SODIUM SILICOFLUORIDE AS DUST IN CONCN RANGING FROM 13-55 MG/CU M & FOUND DUST CAPABLE OF CAUSING PULMONARY IRRITATION. THEY CONCLUDED THAT LEAST CONCN THAT CAUSED DEATH WHEN INHALED FOR PERIOD OF 6 HR WAS 33 MG/CU M.
[Patty, F. (ed.). Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume II: Toxicology. 2nd ed. New York: Interscience Publishers, 1963. 845]**PEER REVIEWED**

DAIRY HERD OF 600 ANIMALS BECAME POISONED AS A RESULT OF RAILCAR CONTAMINATION OF FEED; 95% OF HERD AFFECTED WITH SIGNS OF DECR NEUROMUSCULAR TRANSMISSION. TREATMENT WITH CALCIUM GLUCONATE IV WAS EFFECTIVE. ACUTE POISONING RESEMBLED CALCIUM DEPLETION.
**PEER REVIEWED**

Non-Human Toxicity Values:

LD50 Rat oral 125 mg/kg
[Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996. 1424]**PEER REVIEWED**

Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics:

Pharmacology:

Drug Warnings:

Minimum Fatal Dose Level:

Environmental Fate & Exposure:

Probable Routes of Human Exposure:

AVOID INHALATION OF DUSTS
[Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1974. 547]**PEER REVIEWED**

Environmental Standards & Regulations:

Chemical/Physical Properties:

Molecular Formula:

F6-Na2-Si
**PEER REVIEWED**

Molecular Weight:

188.06
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1477]**PEER REVIEWED**

Color/Form:

WHITE GRANULAR POWDER
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1477]**PEER REVIEWED**

White, hexagonal crystals.
[Lide, D.R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 76th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1995-1996.,p. 3-86]**PEER REVIEWED**

White, crystalline powder.
[Ashford, R.D. Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals. London, England: Wavelength Publications Ltd., 1994. 815]**PEER REVIEWED**

White, free-flowing powder.
[Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 1057]**PEER REVIEWED**

Odor:

Odorless
[Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 1057]**PEER REVIEWED**

Taste:

Tasteless.
[Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 1057]**PEER REVIEWED**

Melting Point:

Melts at red heat with decomposition.
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1477]**PEER REVIEWED**

Density/Specific Gravity:

2.7 g/cu cm.
[Lide, D.R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 76th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1995-1996.,p. 4-86]**PEER REVIEWED**

pH:

SOLN IN COLD WATER IS NEUTRAL
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1477]**PEER REVIEWED**

Solubilities:

SOL IN 150 PARTS COLD, 40 PARTS BOILING WATER; INSOL IN ALCOHOL
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1477]**PEER REVIEWED**

Insoluble in ethanol.
[Lide, D.R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 76th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1995-1996.,p. 4-86]**PEER REVIEWED**

In water, 0.64 g/100 g at 20 deg C, 0.76 g/100 g at 25 deg C, 1.27 g/100 g at 50 deg C, 2.45 g/100 g at 100 deg C.
[Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to Present.,p. VA11 337]**PEER REVIEWED**

Spectral Properties:

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.312, 1.309
[Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 57th ed. Cleveland: CRC Press Inc., 1976.,p. B-160]**PEER REVIEWED**

Other Chemical/Physical Properties:

Solutions of fluosilicates are sensitive to hydrolysis in alkaline medium. In the presence of acid, fluosilicate solutions release silicon tetrafluoride. The thermal decomposition of fluosilicates takes place with release of gaseous silicon tetrfluoride and formation of the solid fluoride. /Fluosilicates/
[Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to Present.,p. VA11 336]**PEER REVIEWED**

Chemical Safety & Handling:

DOT Emergency Guidelines:

Health: TOXIC, inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
[U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-154]**PEER REVIEWED**

Fire or explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.
[U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-154]**PEER REVIEWED**

Public safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number. ... Isolate spill or leak area immediately for at least 25 to 50 meters (80 to 160 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.
[U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-154]**PEER REVIEWED**

Protective clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing which is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. Structural firefighters' protective clothing is recommended for fire situations ONLY, it is not effective in spill situations.
[U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-154]**PEER REVIEWED**

Evacuation: ... Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
[U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-154]**PEER REVIEWED**

Fire: Small fires: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray. Large fires: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Fire involving tanks or car/trailer loads: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from the ends of tanks.
[U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-154]**PEER REVIEWED**

Spill or leak: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
[U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-154]**PEER REVIEWED**

First aid: Move victim to fresh air. Call emergency medical care. Apply artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; induce artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim warm and quiet. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, and take precautions to protect themselves.
[U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-154]**PEER REVIEWED**

Hazardous Decomposition:

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /hydrogen fluoride/ and Na2O.
[Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996. 1424]**PEER REVIEWED**

Shipment Methods and Regulations:

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./
[49 CFR 171.2 (7/1/96)]**PEER REVIEWED**

The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.
[IMDG; International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code; International Maritime Organization p.6219 (1988)]**PEER REVIEWED**

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.
[IATA. Dangerous Goods Regulations. 39th Ed. Montreal, Canada and Geneva, Switzerland : International Air Transport Association, Dangerous Goods Regulations, 1998. 97]**PEER REVIEWED**

Disposal Methods:

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.
**PEER REVIEWED**

Occupational Exposure Standards:

OSHA Standards:

8-hr Time-Weighted avg: 2.5 mg/cu m /Fluoride (as F)/
[29 CFR 1910.1000 (7/1/97)]**PEER REVIEWED**

Threshold Limit Values:

Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed three times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 min during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed five times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Fluorides, as F/
[American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents Biological Exposure Indices for 1998. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH, 1998. 6]**PEER REVIEWED**

A4. Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Fluorides, as F/
[American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents Biological Exposure Indices for 1998. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH, 1998. 39]**PEER REVIEWED**

Biological Exposure Index adoption (1990): Fluorides in urine prior to shift is 3 mg/g creatinine. Fluorides in urine at end of shift is 10 mg/g creatinine. The determinant is usually present in a significant amt in biological specimens collected from subjects who have not been occupationally exposed. Such background levels are incl in the BEI value. The determinant is nonspecific, since it is observed after exposure to some other chemicals. These nonspecific tests are preferred because they are easy to use and usually offer a better correlation with exposure than specific tests. In such instances, a BEI for a specific, less quantitative biological determinant is recommended as a confirmatory test. /Fluorides, as F/
[American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents Biological Exposure Indices for 1998. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH, 1998. 100]**PEER REVIEWED**

8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA) 2.5 mg/cu m /Fluorides, as F/
[American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents Biological Exposure Indices for 1998. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH, 1998. 39]**PEER REVIEWED**

Manufacturing/Use Information:

Major Uses:

IN ENAMELS FOR CHINA & PORCELAIN; MFR OPAL GLASS; INSECT EXTERMINATOR & POISON FOR RODENTS; MOTHPROOFING OF WOOLENS; VET: PEDICULICIDE
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1477]**PEER REVIEWED**

MAJOR USE AS FLUORIDATION AGENT FOR DRINKING WATER
[International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Volumes I and II. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1971. 558]**PEER REVIEWED**

Gelling agent in the Dunlop process (production of latex foam)
[Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed., Volumes 1-26. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984.,p. V20 455]**PEER REVIEWED**

Fluoridation, laundry soaps, opalescent glass, vitreous enamel frits, metallurgy (aluminum and beryllium), insecticides and rodenticides, chemical intermediate, glue, leather and wood preservative, moth repellent, manufacture of pure silicon.
[Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 1057]**PEER REVIEWED**

Water fluoridation agent; gelling agent (molded latex foam); aluminum etchant ingredient; glass/frits/enamel raw material; soil insecticide.
[Ashford, R.D. Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals. London, England: Wavelength Publications Ltd., 1994. 815]**PEER REVIEWED**

Raw material for cryolite and for silicon tetrafluoride.
[Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to Present.,p. VA11 337]**PEER REVIEWED**

Manufacturers:

Chemtech Products Inc., Hq, 1633 Des Peres Road, Suite 210, St. Louis, MO 63131, (314) 965-7100; Fluoride Manufacturing Division; Production site: Alorton, IL 62205.
[SRI. 1997 Directory of Chemical Producers - United States of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International 1997. 890]**PEER REVIEWED**

IMC-Agrico Company, Hq, Old Highway, 37, P.O. Box 2000-1100, Mulberry, FL 33860, (941) 428-2500; Production site: P.O. Box 71, Donaldsonville, LA 70346 (Faustina Works).
[SRI. 1997 Directory of Chemical Producers - United States of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International 1997. 890]**PEER REVIEWED**

Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation, Hq, 6177 Sunol Boulevard, Pleasnaton, CA 94566-7769, (510) 462-1122; Production site: P.O. Box 646, Mulberry, FL 33860.
[SRI. 1997 Directory of Chemical Producers - United States of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International 1997. 890]**PEER REVIEWED**

Methods of Manufacturing:

THIS SALT IS MADE BY NEUTRALIZING FLUOSILICIC ACID WITH SODIUM HYDROXIDE OR SODIUM CARBONATE.
[International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Volumes I and II. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1971. 558]**PEER REVIEWED**

From fluorosilicic acid and sodium carbonate or sodium chloride.
[Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 1057]**PEER REVIEWED**

Sodium chloride, natural + hexafluorosilicic acid (salt formation).
[Ashford, R.D. Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals. London, England: Wavelength Publications Ltd., 1994. 815]**PEER REVIEWED**

The manufacture of fluosilicates, especially the sodium salt, is carried out by neutralization of fluosilicic acid. The operation is carried out under vigorous agitation, with control of the ratio of reagents in order not to simultaneously produce the fluoride by introduction of excess alkali. Sodium fluosilicate is prepared by the action of fluosilicic acid on the sodium chloride. The products are filterable solids.
[Gerhartz, W. (exec ed.). Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 5th ed.Vol A1: Deerfield Beach, FL: VCH Publishers, 1985 to Present.,p. VA11 336]**PEER REVIEWED**

General Manufacturing Information:

VET: TOPICALLY, AS 2% DUST AGAINST LICE & MOSQUITOES ON CATTLE, SHEEP, & SWINE, & UNDILUTED ON POULTRY (1 LB/100 BIRDS, OR AS DIP- 30 G/GAL OF WATER). ORALLY EFFECTIVE AGAINST ROUNDWORMS & POSSIBLY WHIPWORMS IN SWINE. ORAL DOSES (50 PPM IN FEED) ARE EFFECTIVE IN PREVENTING DENTAL CARIES IN RATS.
[Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1974. 547]**PEER REVIEWED**

TOXIC COMPD. AVOID...CONTAMINATION OF FEEDSTUFFS.
[Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1974. 547]**PEER REVIEWED**

Formulations/Preparations:

Granular bait
[Farm Chemicals Handbook 1998. Willoughby, OH: Meister Publishing Co., 1998.,p. C-345]**PEER REVIEWED**

Grades: Technical; C.P.
[Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993,p. `057]**PEER REVIEWED**

The average grade of commerce is approx. 98% pure.
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1477]**PEER REVIEWED**

U. S. Production:

(1984) 1.96X10+10 g
[BUREAU OF THE CENSUS. CURRENT INDUSTRIAL REPORTS: INORGANIC CHEMICALS 1984 p.7]**PEER REVIEWED**

U. S. Imports:

(1984) 3.00X10+9 g
[BUREAU OF THE CENSUS. U.S. IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION AND GENERAL IMPORTS 1984 p.1-351]**PEER REVIEWED**

Laboratory Methods:

Analytic Laboratory Methods:

AOAC Method 945.05. Fluorine Present as Sodium Fluosilicate in Pesticide Formulations.
[Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed. and Supplements. Washington, DC: Association of Analytical Chemists, 1990 152]**PEER REVIEWED**

Special References:

Synonyms and Identifiers:

Related HSDB Records:

472 [AMMONIUM SILICOFLUORIDE] (Analog)

Synonyms:

DESTRUXOL APPLEX
**PEER REVIEWED**

DISODIUM HEXAFLUOROSILICATE
**PEER REVIEWED**

DISODIUM HEXAFLUOROSILICATE (2-)
**PEER REVIEWED**

DISODIUM SILICOFLUORIDE
**PEER REVIEWED**

ORTHO EARWIG BAIT
**PEER REVIEWED**

ENS-ZEM WEEVIL BAIT
**PEER REVIEWED**

FLUOSILICATE DE SODIUM
**PEER REVIEWED**

PRODAN
**PEER REVIEWED**

PSC CO-OP WEEVIL BAIT
**PEER REVIEWED**

SALUFER
**PEER REVIEWED**

SILICON SODIUM FLUORIDE
**PEER REVIEWED**

SODIUM FLUOROSILICATE
**PEER REVIEWED**

SODIUM FLUOSILICATE
**PEER REVIEWED**

SODIUM HEXAFLUOROSILICATE
**PEER REVIEWED**

ORTHO WEEVIL BAIT
**PEER REVIEWED**

Formulations/Preparations:

Granular bait
[Farm Chemicals Handbook 1998. Willoughby, OH: Meister Publishing Co., 1998.,p. C-345]**PEER REVIEWED**

Grades: Technical; C.P.
[Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 12th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993,p. `057]**PEER REVIEWED**

Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO:

UN 2674 ; Sodium silicofluoride

RTECS Number:

NIOSH/VV8410000

Administrative Information:

Hazardous Substances Databank Number: 770

Last Revision Date: 20010809

Last Review Date: Reviewed by SRP on 9/18/1998

Update History:

Complete Update on 08/09/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/12/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/02/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/21/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/26/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 12/17/1998, 35 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 06/02/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 10/17/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 05/01/1997, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 01/19/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 08/21/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 12/22/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 11/03/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 11/02/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/16/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/25/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 05/25/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 12/15/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/22/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 12/29/1989, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/13/1989, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/24/1987