Fluosilicic Acid. TOXNET profile from Hazardous Substances Data Base.

FLUORIDE ACTION NETWORK PESTICIDE PROJECT

Fluosilicic Acid. TOXNET profile from Hazardous Substances Data Base.

From: http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?HSDB

FLUOSILICIC ACID
CASRN: 16961-83-4

Human Health Effects:

Human Toxicity Excerpts:

RISK OF FLUOROSIS WAS STUDIED IN 50 WORKERS ENGAGED FOR APPROX 30 YR IN PRODN OF PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS. CONCN OF GASEOUS FLUORIDE (HF, SIF4, AND H2SRF6) RANGED FROM 0.04 TO 0.17 MG/CU M. INCR BONE DENSITY WAS FOUND IN 9 WORKERS, BUT NO SIGNS OF DISABILITY WERE DETECTED.
[FABBRI L ET AL; FLUOROSIS HAZARD IN THE PRODUCTION OF PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS; MED LAV 69 (5): 594-604 (1978)]**QC REVIEWED**

...THE MAJOR MANIFESTATIONS OF CHRONIC INGESTION OF EXCESSIVE AMT OF FLUORIDE ARE OSTEOSCLEROSIS & MOTTLED ENAMEL. CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO EXCESS FLUORIDE CAUSES INCR OSTEOBLASTIC ACTIVITY. ...DENSITY AND CALCIFICATION OF BONE ARE INCREASED.../WHICH IS/ THOUGHT TO REPRESENT THE REPLACEMENT OF HYDROXYAPATITE BY THE DENSER FLUOROAPATITE. /FLUORIDE SALTS/
[Gilman, A. G., L. S. Goodman, and A. Gilman. (eds.). Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 6th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc. 1980. 1546]**QC REVIEWED**

...EXTREMELY CORROSIVE BY SKIN CONTACT & INHALATION.
[Hawley, G.G. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 10th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1981. 472]**QC REVIEWED**

Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations:

...extremely corrosive by skin contact & inhalation.
[Hawley, G.G. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 10th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1981. 472]**QC REVIEWED**

Minimum Fatal Dose Level:

4-5(?). 4= VERY TOXIC: PROBABLE ORAL LETHAL DOSE (HUMAN) 50-5000 MG/KG, BETWEEN 1 TSP AND 1 OZ FOR 70 KG PERSON (150 LB). 5= EXTREMELY TOXIC: PROBABLE ORAL LETHAL DOSE (HUMAN) 5-50 MG/KG, BETWEEN 7 DROPS AND 1 TEASPOON FOR 70 KG PERSON (150 LB).
[Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984.,p. II-101]**PEER REVIEWED**

Emergency Medical Treatment:

EMT Copyright Disclaimer:

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The following Overview, *** ACIDS ***, is relevant for this HSDB record chemical.

Life Support:

o This overview assumes that basic life support measures have been instituted.

Clinical Effects:

SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE 0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o INGESTION - may produce mild to moderate oral and esophageal burns with more severe burns occurring in the stomach. Perforations occur rarely. Pyloric strictures may develop after moderate to severe burns, generally delayed 3 weeks after ingestion. 1. Initial signs and symptoms may not reliably predict the extent GI burns. o DERMAL - Severe burns may occur. Complications may include cellulitis, sepsis, contractures, osteomyelitis, and systemic toxicity. o INHALATION - may result in dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, pulmonary edema, hypoxemia, bronchospasm, pneumonitis, tracheobronchitis and persistent pulmonary function abnormalities. Pulmonary dysfunction similar to asthma has been reported. o EYE - Irritation may develop. Splash contact may cause corneal erosions. HEENT 0.2.4.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o Eye exposure may result in pain, swelling, corneal erosions and blindness. CARDIOVASCULAR 0.2.5.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o Cardiovascular collapse may develop soon after severe poisonings. RESPIRATORY 0.2.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o Inhalation may produce dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, upper airway edema, pulmonary edema, hypoxemia, bronchospasm, pneumonitis, and persistent pulmonary function abnormalities. Airway hyperreactivity has also been reported. 1. The onset of respiratory symptoms may be delayed for several hours. NEUROLOGIC 0.2.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o Abnormal neuropsychologic function has been reported following hydrochloric acid exposure from a leaking tanker truck. GASTROINTESTINAL 0.2.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o Ingestion of acids may result in burns, gastrointestinal bleeding, gastritis, perforations, dilation, edema, necrosis, vomiting, stenosis, fistula, and duodenal/jejunal injury. HEPATIC 0.2.9.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o Systemic toxicity may result in acute hepatic injury. Hepatic injury has been reported following chronic exposure to chromic acid. GENITOURINARY 0.2.10.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o Renal failure is a rare complication of severe poisonings. Hemoglobinuria may develop secondary to hemolysis. Nephritis may develop after hydrochloric acid ingestion. ACID-BASE 0.2.11.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o Metabolic acidosis may develop following significant acid ingestion. FLUID-ELECTROLYTE 0.2.12.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o Massive fluid and electrolyte shifts may occur with extensive dermal or gastrointestinal burns. Hyperkalemia may occur with hemolysis. Hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia and hyperchloremia have been reported. HEMATOLOGIC 0.2.13.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o Hemolysis may occur following significant acid ingestion. Disseminated intravascular coagulation has been reported. DERMATOLOGIC 0.2.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE o Chemical burns to the skin are often associated with concurrent thermal burns and trauma. Complications seen with thermal burns including cellulitis, sepsis, contractures, osteomyelitis, may occur as well as systemic toxicity from absorbed acid. Deep or extensive burns may require grafting. o Alopecia was reported following application of an acidic formulation of a hair-relaxing product. 0.2.14.2 CHRONIC EXPOSURE o Prolonged or repeated exposure to chromic acid mist can result in dermatitis. Ulcerations may also occur.

Laboratory:

o Obtain baseline CBC and electrolytes in patients with significant burns. Monitor renal function and coagulation studies in patients with severe burns. Obtain an upright chest radiograph in patients with pulmonary symptoms or suspected perforation.

Treatment Overview:

ORAL EXPOSURE o MUCOSAL DECONTAMINATION: If no respiratory compromise is present, dilute immediately with milk or water; no more than 8 ounces in adults and 4 ounces in children. o GASTRIC DECONTAMINATION: Ipecac contraindicated. Consider insertion of a small, flexible nasogastric or orogastric tube to suction gastric contents after recent large ingestions; the risk of further mucosal injury must be weighed against potential benefits. C. ENDOSCOPY: Because acid ingestion may cause severe gastric burns with relatively few initial signs and symptoms, endoscopic evaluation is recommended within 24 hours in any patient with a definite history of ingesting a strong acid, even if asymptomatic. If burns are found, follow 10 to 20 days later with a barium swallow. XB D. PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT: Corticosteroids are controversial. Consider use in second degree burns within 48 hours of ingestion in patients without gastrointestinal bleeding or evidence of perforation. Antibiotics are indicated for suspected perforation or infection and in patients receiving corticosteroids. XB E. SURGICAL OPTIONS: Initially, if severe esophageal burns are found a string may be placed in the stomach to facilitate later dilation. Insertion of a specialized nasogastric tube after confirmation of a circumferential burn may prevent strictures. Dilation is indicated after 2 to 4 weeks if strictures are confirmed; if unsuccessful, either colonic intraposition or gastric tube placement may be performed. Consider early laparotomy in patients with severe esophageal and/or gastric burns. INHALATION EXPOSURE o INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with beta2 agonist and corticosteroid aerosols. o INHALATION: Administer oxygen. If respiratory symptoms develop obtain chest x-ray, monitor pulse oximetry and/or blood gases. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta agonists. If pulmonary edema develops, consider PEEP. Evaluate for esophageal, dermal and eye burns as indicated. EYE EXPOSURE o DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a health care facility. o MEDICAL FACILITY: Irrigate with sterile 0.9% saline for at least an hour or until the cul-de-sacs are free of particulate matter and returned to neutrality (confirm with pH paper). o EYE ASSESSMENT: The extent of eye injury (degree of corneal opacification and perilimbal whitening) may not be apparent for 48 to 72 hours after the burn. o EYE DAMAGE TREATMENT: If ocular damage is minor, topical mydriatics, antibiotics and systemic analgesics may be sufficient. For grade 3 to 4 injuries one or more of the following may be considered, only with ophthalmologic consultation: acetazolamide, timolol, topical steroids, ascorbate, citrate, EDTA, cysteine, NAC, penicillamine, tetracycline, or soft contact lenses. DERMAL EXPOSURE o DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and jewelry; wash exposed area with copious amounts of water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists.

Range of Toxicity:

o Undiluted acids are caustic especially to the oropharynx and pyloric end of the stomach. Dilute solutions are less hazardous.

[Rumack BH: POISINDEX(R) Information System. Micromedex, Inc., Englewood, CO, 2001; CCIS Volume 110, edition exp November, 2001. Hall AH & Rumack BH (Eds):TOMES(R) Information System. Micromedex, Inc., Englewood, CO, 2001; CCIS Volume 110, edition exp November, 2001.] **PEER REVIEWED**

Animal Toxicity Studies:

Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts:

Morphological changes in the skin of rats, guinea pigs, and swine were studied after application of concn hydrofluoric and hexafluorosilicic acid. The intact skin was not affected by these acids. Areas injured before application of the acid showed, a continuous spreading of necrosis in the deeper regions. The main characteristic findings were the hypocellular necrosis and edema reaching as far as the subcutis. The necrosis showed sharp leukocyte demarcations.
[Alhassan A, Zink P; Histological findings in the skin of animals after percutaneous damage by hydrofluoric and hexafluorosilicic acid; Z Rechtsmed 88 (4): 239-47 (1982)]**QC REVIEWED**

Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics:

Absorption, Distribution & Excretion:

IN WORKERS EXPOSED TO GASEOUS FLUORIDE (HF, SIF4, AND H2SRF6) AIR CONCN WHICH RANGED FROM 0.04 TO 0.17 MG/CU M, URINE FLUORIDE EXCRETION RANGED FROM 1.0 TO 9.6 MG FLUORIDE ION/L (CONTROLS 0.3-1.2).
[FABBRI L ET AL; FLUOROSIS HAZARD IN HTE PRODUCTION OF PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS; MED LAV 69 (5): 594-604 (1978)]**QC REVIEWED**

Pharmacology:

Minimum Fatal Dose Level:

Environmental Fate & Exposure:

Environmental Standards & Regulations:

Chemical/Physical Properties:

Molecular Formula:

F6-Si.2H
**PEER REVIEWED**

Molecular Weight:

144.11
[U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety Health. Registry ofToxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). National Library of Medicine's current MEDLARS file.,p. 85/8401]**QC REVIEWED**

Color/Form:

COLORLESS LIQUID
[Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 64th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1983-84.,p. B-93]**QC REVIEWED**

Odor:

SOUR, PUNGENT
[The Merck Index. 10th ed. Rahway, New Jersey: Merck Co., Inc., 1983. 599]**QC REVIEWED**

Corrosivity:

ATTACKS GLASS & STONEWARE
[Hawley, G.G. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 10th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1981. 472]**QC REVIEWED**

Spectral Properties:

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.3465 AT 25 DEG C/D
[Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 64th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1983-84.,p. B-93]**QC REVIEWED**

Other Chemical/Physical Properties:

FAIRLY STRONG ACID
[The Merck Index. 10th ed. Rahway, New Jersey: Merck Co., Inc., 1983. 599]**QC REVIEWED**

SOLIDIFIES ABOUT 19 DEG C, FORMING CRYSTALLINE DIHYDRATE /60-70% SOLN/
[The Merck Index. 10th ed. Rahway, New Jersey: Merck Co., Inc., 1983. 599]**QC REVIEWED**

CORROSIVE; DENSITY: 1.4634 AT 25 DEG C; DECOMP AT BP /60.97% SOLN/
[Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 64th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1983-84.,p. B-93]**QC REVIEWED**

MAY BE DISTD WITHOUT DECOMP /13.3% SOLN/
[The Merck Index. 10th ed. Rahway, New Jersey: Merck Co., Inc., 1983. 599]**QC REVIEWED**

DECOMP AT MP; DELIQUESCENT; WHITE CRYSTALS; SOL IN ALKALI; SOL IN COLD AND HOT WATER /DIHYDRATE/
[Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 64th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1983-84.,p. B-93]**QC REVIEWED**

SOL IN COLD & HOT WATER; SLIGHTLY IN ALKALI /60.97% SOLN/
[Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 64th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1983-84.,p. B-93]**QC REVIEWED**

ANHYD FORM DISSOCIATES ALMOST INSTANTLY INTO SILICON TETRAFLUORIDE & HYDROGEN FLUORIDE
[The Merck Index. 10th ed. Rahway, New Jersey: Merck Co., Inc., 1983. 599]**QC REVIEWED**

Chemical Safety & Handling:

DOT Emergency Guidelines:

Health: TOXIC, inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
[U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-154]**QC REVIEWED**

Fire or explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.
[U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-154]**QC REVIEWED**

Public safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. Isolate spill or leak area immediately for at least 25 to 50 meters (80 to 160 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.
[U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-154]**QC REVIEWED**

Protective clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing which is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. Structural firefighters' protective clothing is recommended for fire situations ONLY, it is not effective in spill situations.
[U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-154]**QC REVIEWED**

Evacuation: Spill: See the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for highlighted substances. For non-highlighted substances, increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown under "PUBLIC SAFETY". Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
[U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-154]**QC REVIEWED**

Fire: Small fires: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray. Large fires: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Fire involving tanks or car/trailer loads: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from the ends of tanks.
[U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-154]**QC REVIEWED**

Spill or leak: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
[U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-154]**QC REVIEWED**

First aid: Move victim to fresh air. Call emergency medical care. Apply artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; induce artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim warm and quiet. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, and take precautions to protect themselves.
[U.S. Department of Transportation. 1996 North American Emergency Response Guidebook. A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase of aHazardous Materials/Dangerous Goods Incident. U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Research and Special Programs Administration, Office of HazardousMaterials Initiatives and Training (DHM-50), Washington, D.C. (1996).,p. G-154]**QC REVIEWED**

Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations:

...extremely corrosive by skin contact & inhalation.
[Hawley, G.G. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 10th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1981. 472]**QC REVIEWED**

Hazardous Reactivities & Incompatibilities:

...WILL REACT WITH WATER OR STEAM TO PRODUCE TOXIC AND CORROSIVE FUMES.
[Sax, N.I. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 5th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Rheinhold, 1979. 729]**PEER REVIEWED**

Hazardous Decomposition:

DANGEROUS; WHEN HEATED TO DECOMP, EMITS HIGHLY TOXIC AND CORROSIVE FUMES OF FLUORIDES ...
[Sax, N.I. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 6th ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1984. 1514]**PEER REVIEWED**

Protective Equipment & Clothing:

WORKERS HANDLING DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES SHOULD BE SUPPLIED WITH EYE & FACE PROTECTION, RESP PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT, PROTECTIVE CLOTHING & FOOT & LEG PROTECTION. ADDITIONAL PROTECTION MAY BE PROVIDED BY USE OF LANOLIN AS BARRIER CREAM. /FLUORINE & CMPD/
[International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983. 894]**QC REVIEWED**

Preventive Measures:

PROCESSES IN WHICH THERE IS POTENTIAL EXPOSURE HAZARD SHOULD BE EQUIPPED WITH LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION & SHOULD, WHERE POSSIBLE, BE MECHANIZED. WORKERS SHOULD NOT CONSUME FOOD OR BEVERAGES IN WORKPLACE & RIGOROUS PERSONAL HYGIENE SHOULD BE OBSERVED BEFORE MEALS ARE TAKEN. /FLUORINE & CMPD/
[International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols. I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983. 894]**QC REVIEWED**

Stability/Shelf Life:

FUMES IN AIR /DIHYDRATE/
[Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 64th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1983-84.,p. B-93]**QC REVIEWED**

FUMES IN AIR /60.97% SOLN/
[Weast, R.C. (ed.). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 64th ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1983-84.,p. B-93]**QC REVIEWED**

Shipment Methods and Regulations:

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./
[49 CFR 171.2 (7/1/96)]**QC REVIEWED**

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.
[IATA. Dangerous Goods Regulations. 38th ed. Montreal, Canada and Geneva, Switzerland: International Air Transport Association, Dangerous Goods Board, January, 1997. 154]**QC REVIEWED**

Storage Conditions:

THE MORE CONCN SOLN (BUT NOT ANHYDROUS LIQ) CAN BE STORED IN GLASS, ALTHOUGH SOME ETCHING WILL TAKE PLACE AROUND THE SURFACE. USUALLY STORED IN IRON CONTAINERS.
[The Merck Index. 10th ed. Rahway, New Jersey: Merck Co., Inc., 1983. 599]**QC REVIEWED**

Occupational Exposure Standards:

Manufacturing/Use Information:

Major Uses:

AGENT IN WATER FLUORIDATION, IN PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF HIDES & SKINS, & TO REDUCE REFLECTIVITY IN GLASS SURFACES; DISINFECTANT FOR COPPER AND BRASS VESSELS; IMPREGNATING INGREDIENT TO PRESERVE WOOD & TO HARDEN MASONARY; CHEM INT FOR ALUMINUM TRIFLUORIDE, CRYOLITE, & FLUORSILICATES; ELECTROPLATING AGENT FOR CHROMIUM
[SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**

1-2% SOLN IS USED WIDELY FOR STERILIZING EQUIPMENT IN BREWING & BOTTLING ESTABLISHMENTS; DIFFERENT CONCN ARE USED IN ELECTROLYTIC REFINING OF LEAD, CRUMBLING LIME OR BRICK WORK, & TO REMOVE MOLDS
[The Merck Index. 10th ed. Rahway, New Jersey: Merck Co., Inc., 1983. 599]**QC REVIEWED**

IN CERAMICS (TO INCR HARDNESS); TECHNICAL PAINTS; IN MFR OF HYDROGEN FLUORIDE
[Hawley, G.G. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 10th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1981. 472]**QC REVIEWED**

Manufacturers:

Chemtech Industries, Inc, Hq, 1655 Des Peres Road, PO Box 31000, St Louis, MO 63131, (314) 966-9900; Fluoride Manufacturing Division; Production site: East, St Louis, IL 62202
[SRI. 1989 Directory of Chemical Producers - United States of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International, 1989. 691]**QC REVIEWED**

Dow Chemical USA, Hq, 2020 Dow Center, Midland, MI 48674, (517) 636-1000; Subsidiary: Essex Chemical Corp, 1401 Broad St, Clifton, NJ 07015, (201) 773-6300; Essex Industrial Chemicals, Inc, subsidiary; Production site: 100 Thomas Ln, Paulsboro, NJ 08066
[SRI. 1989 Directory of Chemical Producers - United States of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International, 1989. 691]**QC REVIEWED**

Farmland Industries, Inc, Hq, 3315 N Oak Trafficway, PO Box 7305, Kansas City, MO 64116, (816) 459-6000; Production site: Green Bay, FL 33830
[SRI. 1989 Directory of Chemical Producers - United States of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International, 1989. 691]**QC REVIEWED**

Freeport-McMoran Resource Partners, Hq, 1615 Poydras, New Orleans, LA 70112, (504) 582-4000; Agrico Chemical Company, PO Box 60031, New Orleans, LA 70160; Production sites: Bartow, FL 33830; Uncle Sam, LA 70792
[SRI. 1989 Directory of Chemical Producers - United States of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International, 1989. 691]**QC REVIEWED**

Gardinier Inc, Hq, PO Box 3269, Tampa, FL 33601, (813) 677-9111; Production site: Tampa, FL 33601
[SRI. 1989 Directory of Chemical Producers - United States of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International, 1989. 691]**QC REVIEWED**

IMC Fertilizer Group, Inc, Hq, 2315 Sanders Rd, Northbrook, IL 60062, (312) 564-8600; Production sites: Americus, GA 31709; Florence, AL 35650; Hartsville, SC 29550
[SRI. 1989 Directory of Chemical Producers - United States of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International, 1989. 691]**QC REVIEWED**

Maxxam Group Inc, Hq, 1088 O Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024, (213) 474-6264; Kaiser Tech Limited, Harshaw/Filtrol Partnership, 30100 Chagrin Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44124; Production site: 1000 Harvard Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44109
[SRI. 1989 Directory of Chemical Producers - United States of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International, 1989. 691]**QC REVIEWED**

Nu-West Industries Inc, Hq, 8400 E Prentice Ave, Suite 1320, Englewood, CO 80111, (303) 721-1396; Production site: Conda, ID 83230; Nu-South, Pascagoula, MS 39568; Production site: Pascagoula, MS 39567
[SRI. 1989 Directory of Chemical Producers - United States of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International, 1989. 691]**QC REVIEWED**

Occidental Petroleum Corporation, Hq, 10889 Wilshire Blvd, Suite 1500, Los Angeles, CA 90024, (213) 879-1700; Subsidiary: Occidental Chemical Corp, 5005 LBJ Freeway, Dallas, TX 75244, (214) 404-3800; Agricultural Products Division, 4830 W Kennedy Blvd, Suite 950, Tampa, FL 33609; Feed Products Group; Production site: Highway 22, Montepelier, IA 52759
[SRI. 1989 Directory of Chemical Producers - United States of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International, 1989. 691]**QC REVIEWED**

Pelham Phosphate Co, Hq, West Railroad St, Pelham, GA 31779, (912) 294-2081
[SRI. 1989 Directory of Chemical Producers - United States of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International, 1989. 691]**QC REVIEWED**

Texasgulf Inc, Hq, PO Box 30321, Raleigh, NC 27622, (919) 881-2700; Production site: Aurora, NC 27806
[SRI. 1989 Directory of Chemical Producers - United States of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International, 1989. 691]**QC REVIEWED**

Weaver Fertilizer Company, Inc, Hq, First Virginia Tower, Norfolk, VA 23510, (804) 622-6591; Production site: Norfolk, VA 23510
[SRI. 1989 Directory of Chemical Producers - United States of America. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International, 1989. 691]**QC REVIEWED**

Methods of Manufacturing:

CRUDE ACID BY REACTION OF SILICON TETRAFLUORIDE (OBTAINED FROM MFR OF PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS OR PHOSPHORIC ACID) WITH WATER; PURIFIED ACID BY DISTILLATION OF CRUDE FLUOSILICIC ACID OR BY REACTING PURE SILICA WITH HYDROFLUORIC ACID
[SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**

...FROM HF + SIO2; ALSO...BY ACTION OF WATER ON SIF4; BY ACTION OF H2SO4 ON BASIF6: HEMPEL, BER 18: 1438 (1885); BAUR, GLAESSNER, BER 36: 4215 (1903); SOEL, FIAT-REVIEW 23: 257 (1946); KWASNIK IN HANDBOOK OF PREPARATIVE INORG CHEM VOL 1, G BRAUER, ED (ACADEMIC PRESS, NEW YORK, 2ND ED, 1963) P 214.
[The Merck Index. 10th ed. Rahway, New Jersey: Merck Co., Inc., 1983. 599]**QC REVIEWED**

BY-PRODUCT OF ACTION OF SULFURIC ACID ON PHOSPHATE ROCK CONTAINING FLUORIDES & SILICA OR SILICATES. THE HYDROFLUORIC ACID ACTS ON THE SILICA TO PRODUCE SILICON TETRAFLUORIDE, SIF4, WHICH REACTS WITH WATER TO FORM FLUOSILICIC ACID, H2SIF6.
[Hawley, G.G. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 10th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1981. 472]**QC REVIEWED**

General Manufacturing Information:

INCREASING AMT...RECOVERED FROM PHOSPHATE FERTILIZER OPERATIONS ARE BEING MARKETED FOR FLUORIDATION OF MUNICIPAL WATER. A GROWING PRACTICE AT MAJOR PHOSPHATE PRODN SITES IS THE PROCESSING OF RECOVERED FLUORINE TO PRODUCTS SUITABLE AS SUPPLEMENTS TO NATURAL CRYOLITE FOR USE BY ALUMINUM INDUSTRY.
[Farm Chemicals Handbook 1984. Willoughby, Ohio: Meister Publishing Co., 1984.,p. B-34]**QC REVIEWED**

The American Water Works Association standard for fluosilicic acid used in water treatment specifies that it must contain 20-30% active ingredient, a maximum of 200 mg/kg heavy metals (as lead) and no soluble mineral or organic substance in quantities capable of inducing injurious health effects.
[IARC. Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Geneva: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer,1972-PRESENT. (Multivolume work).,p. V27 239 (1982)]**QC REVIEWED**

Formulations/Preparations:

MARKETED AS AQ SOLN ONLY /5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 34 & 60-70%/.
[The Merck Index. 10th ed. Rahway, New Jersey: Merck Co., Inc., 1983. 599]**QC REVIEWED**

GRADES: TECHNICAL; CP.
[Hawley, G.G. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 10th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1981. 472]**QC REVIEWED**

U. S. Production:

(1975) 3X10+10 G (FROM PHOSPHORIC ACID MFR)
[SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**

(1976) 3X10+10 G (FROM PHOSPHORIC ACID MFR)
[SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**

U. S. Imports:

(1972) ND
[SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**

(1975) ND
[SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**

U. S. Exports:

(1972) ND
[SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**

(1975) ND
[SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**

Laboratory Methods:

Analytic Laboratory Methods:

TOTAL FLUORINE IN FLUOSILICATES BY LEAD CHLOROFLUORIDE METHOD. /FLUORINE/
[Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis. 10th ed. and supplements. Washington, DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 1965. New editions through13th ed. plus supplements, 1982.,p. 13/75 6.019]**PEER REVIEWED**

MATRIX: AIR: PROCEDURE: ION SPECIFIC ELECTRODE; RANGE: 0.05 TO 475 MG/CU M FLUORIDE. /FLUORIDE/
[U.S. Department of Health, Education Welfare, Public Health Service. Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety Health. NIOSH Manual ofAnalytical Methods. 2nd ed. Volumes 1-7. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1977-present.,p. V1 117-1]**PEER REVIEWED**

Special References:

Synonyms and Identifiers:

Synonyms:

ACIDE FLUOROSILICIQUE [FRENCH]
**QC REVIEWED**

ACIDE FLUOSILICIQUE [FRENCH]
**QC REVIEWED**

ACIDO FLUOSILICICO [ITALIAN]
**QC REVIEWED**

DIHYDROGEN HEXAFLUOROSILICATE
**QC REVIEWED**

DIHYDROGEN HEXAFLUOROSILICATE(2-)
**PEER REVIEWED**

FKS
**QC REVIEWED**

FLUOROSILICIC ACID
**QC REVIEWED**

FLUOROSILICIC ACID (H2SIF6)
**PEER REVIEWED**

HEXAFLUOROKIESELSAEURE [GERMAN]
**QC REVIEWED**

HEXAFLUOROKIEZELZUUR [DUTCH]
**QC REVIEWED**

HEXAFLUOROSILICIC ACID
**QC REVIEWED**

HEXAFLUOSILICIC ACID
**QC REVIEWED**

HYDROFLUOROSILICIC ACID
**PEER REVIEWED**

HYDROFLUOSILICIC ACID
**QC REVIEWED**

HYDROGEN HEXAFLUOROSILICATE
**QC REVIEWED**

HYDROSILICOFLUORIC ACID
**QC REVIEWED**

KIEZELFLUORWATERSTOFZUUR [DUTCH]
**QC REVIEWED**

SAND ACID
**QC REVIEWED**

SILICATE (2-), HEXAFLUORO-, DIHYDROGEN
**QC REVIEWED**

SILICOFLUORIC ACID
**QC REVIEWED**

SILICON HEXAFLUORIDE DIHYDRIDE
**PEER REVIEWED**

Formulations/Preparations:

MARKETED AS AQ SOLN ONLY /5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 34 & 60-70%/.
[The Merck Index. 10th ed. Rahway, New Jersey: Merck Co., Inc., 1983. 599]**QC REVIEWED**

GRADES: TECHNICAL; CP.
[Hawley, G.G. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 10th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1981. 472]**QC REVIEWED**

Shipping Name/ Number DOT/UN/NA/IMO:

UN 1778; Fluosilicic acid

RTECS Number:

NIOSH/VV8225000

Administrative Information:

Hazardous Substances Databank Number: 2018

Last Revision Date: 20010809

Update History:

Complete Update on 08/09/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 05/16/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/12/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/12/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/28/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/02/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/21/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/26/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/29/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/02/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/26/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/23/1997, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 12/03/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/15/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/23/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/21/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/12/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/20/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/20/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 12/28/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/27/1994, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/25/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/07/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 05/25/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 12/23/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/23/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 07/15/1991, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 11/01/1990, 3 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 05/05/1989, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/30/1986