Adverse Effects
Fluroxypyr 1-methylheptyl ester
CAS No.
81406-37-3
 
 

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Abstracts

Activity: Herbicide
Structure:



Adverse Effects:
Bone
Endocrine: Adrenal
Endocrine: Testicular
Kidney
Environmental

As of February 5, 2005, this herbicide and its metabolite Fluroxypyr are both permitted in or on 54 food commodities in the United States. - see list at bottom of page.

As to the following Table, we assume "Fluroxypyr" includes Fluroxypyr 1-methylheptyl ester.

Fluroxypyr ranked number 9 for "Most Widely used pesticides in the UK (by Area Treated)"

Rank Formulation Method Area treated (ha) Weight applied (kg ai)
9 Fluroxypyr Spray 842,392 104,821

Ref: April 29, 2000. UK Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs in the online report, "Design of a Tax or Charge Scheme for Pesticides. " Annex C3: Overview of Pesticide Industry
http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/pesticides.ranks.uk.2000.htm

Bone (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

Abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the maternal and developmental toxicity potential of fluroxypyr methylheptyl ester (FMHE) in rats. Groups of 28 Sprague-Dawley rats received 0 (corn oil vehicle), 100, 300, or 600 mg/kg/day of FMHE via gavage on gestation days 6-15. In-life parameters evaluated included clinical signs of toxicity, feed consumption, body weights and body weight gains. On gestation day 20, all surviving females were euthanized and examined for gross pathologic changes and alterations in liver, kidney and gravid uterus weights. The number of corpora lutea, implantations and resorptions was determined. The fetuses were removed, weighed, sexed and examined for external, visceral and skeletal alterations. At 600 mg/kg/day, eight rats (29%) died prior to the scheduled necropsy. No specific treatment-related gross pathological lesions were found. Decreased body weight gain, slightly decreased feed consumption and an increased incidence of anogenital staining also were noted at this dose level. No signs of maternal toxicity were observed in rats given 100 or 300 mg/kg/day. In the fetuses obtained from the 600 mg/kg/day group, several skeletal variations (delayed ossification) occurred with increased incidence. Despite the severity of the maternal toxicity at this dose level, there were no other signs of developmental toxicity, nor were there any adverse effects of treatment on any other developmental parameters at the 100 or 300 mg/kg/day dose levels. Thus, the no-observed-effect-level (NOEL) for maternal and developmental toxicity was 300 mg/kg/day.
Ref: Carney EW et al. (1995). Developmental toxicity study in rats with fluroxypyr methylheptyl ester. Author Address:
Toxicology Research Laboratory, Dow Chemical Co., Midland, MI. Source: Teratology; Mar;51(3):180. Abstract from Toxnet.

Endocrine: Adrenal (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

Reproductive toxicity study. In the 2-generation reproductive toxicity study in rats, the maternal (systemic) NOAEL was 100 mg/kg/ day, based on increased kidney weights and kidney histopathology at the LOAEL of 500 mg/kg/day. The developmental (pup) NOAEL was 500 mg/kg/ day, based on decreased body weight at the LOAEL of 1,000 mg/kg/day. The reproductive NOAEL was 1,000 mg/kg/day (HDT).... Chronic dietary all populations: 28-day dog range- finding feeding study LOAEL = 150 mg/kg/day based on histopathological lesions in the kidneys, decreased testes weights, and increased adrenal weights in both sexes...
Ref: Federal Register. September 17, 2001. Fluroxypyr 1-Methylheptyl Ester; Pesticide Tolerances for Emergency Exemptions. Final Rule.

http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Fluroxypyr.FR.Sept.17.2001.htm

Endocrine: Testicular (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

Reproductive toxicity study. In the 2-generation reproductive toxicity study in rats, the maternal (systemic) NOAEL was 100 mg/kg/ day, based on increased kidney weights and kidney histopathology at the LOAEL of 500 mg/kg/day. The developmental (pup) NOAEL was 500 mg/kg/ day, based on decreased body weight at the LOAEL of 1,000 mg/kg/day. The reproductive NOAEL was 1,000 mg/kg/day (HDT).... Chronic dietary all populations: 28-day dog range- finding feeding study LOAEL = 150 mg/kg/day based on histopathological lesions in the kidneys, decreased testes weights, and increased adrenal weights in both sexes...
Ref: Federal Register. September 17, 2001. Fluroxypyr 1-Methylheptyl Ester; Pesticide Tolerances for Emergency Exemptions. Final Rule.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Fluroxypyr.FR.Sept.17.2001.htm

Kidney (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

Reproductive toxicity study. In the 2-generation reproductive toxicity study in rats, the maternal (systemic) NOAEL was 100 mg/kg/ day, based on increased kidney weights and kidney histopathology at the LOAEL of 500 mg/kg/day. The developmental (pup) NOAEL was 500 mg/kg/ day, based on decreased body weight at the LOAEL of 1,000 mg/kg/day. The reproductive NOAEL was 1,000 mg/kg/day (HDT).... Chronic dietary all populations: 28-day dog range- finding feeding study LOAEL = 150 mg/kg/day based on histopathological lesions in the kidneys, decreased testes weights, and increased adrenal weights in both sexes...
Ref: Federal Register. September 17, 2001. Fluroxypyr 1-Methylheptyl Ester; Pesticide Tolerances for Emergency Exemptions. Final Rule.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Fluroxypyr.FR.Sept.17.2001.htm

Metabolite toxicology. Administration of fluroxypyr, as the acid or methylheptyl ester in a variety of toxicological studies, has produced similar effects. The principal response to sufficiently high dosages, whether administered over the short-term or, in some cases, over a lifetime, was nephrosis.
Ref: Federal Register: May 14, 2003 (Volume 68, Number 93)] [Notices] [Page 25883-25888]. Fluroxypyr; Notice of Filing a Pesticide Petition to Establish a Tolerance for a Certain Pesticide Chemical in or on Food

http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/fluroxypyr.fr.may.14.2003.htm

870.4300 Carcinogenicity--Rats NOAEL = 100 mg/kg/day. LOAEL = 500 mg/kg/day based on chronic progressive kidney glomerulonephropathy (M&F).(no) evidence of carcinogenicity.
Ref: Federal Register. December 31, 2003. Fluroxypyr; Pesticide Tolerance. Final Rule.
http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/2003/December/Day-31/p32007.htm

Environmental (click on for all fluorinated pesticides)

Acute Aquatic Ecotoxicity Summaries for Fluroxypyr 1-methylheptyl ester on All Taxa Groups.
Ref: PAN Pesticides Database - Chemical Toxicity Studies on Aquatic Organisms
http://www.pesticideinfo.org/List_AquireAcuteSum.jsp?Rec_Id=PC37523    
Common Name Scientific Name Avg Species LC50 (ug/L) LC50 Std Dev Number of Studies Avg Species Rating
Crustaceans     
Northern pink shrimp Penaeus duorarum 128.0   1 Highly Toxic
Fish     
Sheepshead minnow Cyprinodon variegatus 87.0 - 1 Very Highly Toxic
Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus 629.5 0.50 2 Highly Toxic 
Atlantic silverside  Menidia menidia 188.0    - Highly Toxic
Pink salmon  Oncorhynchus gorbuscha  10,333  1,700 Slightly Toxic 
Chum salmon  Oncorhynchus keta  14,333  3,682  Slightly Toxic  
Coho salmon,silver salmon  Oncorhynchus kisutch  13,667  2,867  Slightly Toxic  
Rainbow trout,donaldson trout  Oncorhynchus mykiss  15,333  2,357  Slightly Toxic  
Sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka 12,667 2,055 3 Slightly Toxic 
Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha 12,667  2,867 3 Slightly Toxic 
Zooplankton
Daggerblade grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio 135.0 - 1 Highly Toxic 

A February 5, 2005, check at the Code of Federal Regulations for Fluroxypyr 1-Methylheptyl ester and its metabolite Fluroxypyr: they are permitted in or on 54 food commodities in the United States. The following list identifies these commodities for which EPA has set pesticide tolerances. 

[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 40, Volume 22]
[Revised as of July 1, 2004]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 40CFR180.535]
[Page 494-495]

TITLE 40--PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT

CHAPTER I--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)

PART 180_TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FROM TOLERANCES FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICALS
IN FOOD--Table of Contents

Subpart C_Specific Tolerances

Sec. 180.535 Fluroxypyr 1-methylheptyl ester; tolerances for residues.
(a) General. Tolerances are established for combined residues of
fluroxypyr 1-methylheptyl ester
[1-methylheptyl ((4-amino-3,5-dichloro-
6-fluoro-2-pyridinyl)oxy)acetate] and its metabolite fluroxypyr [((4-
amino-3,5-dichloro-6-fluoro-2-pyridinyl)oxy)acetic acid] in or on the
following raw agricultural commodities.

Commodity

Parts per Million

PPM

US Code of Federal Regulations

CFR

Barley, grain 0.5 180.535
Barley, forage 12.0 180.535
Barley, hay 20.0 180.535
Barley, straw 12.0 180.535
Cattle, fat 0.1 180.535
Cattle, kidney 1.5 180.535
Cattle, meat 0.1 180.535
Cattle, meat byproducts 0.1 180.535
Corn, field, forage 1.0 180.535
Corn, field, grain 0.02 180.535
Corn, field, stover 0.5 180.535
Corn, sweet, forage 1.0 180.535
Corn, sweet, kernel plus cob with husks removed 0.02 180.535
Corn, sweet, stover 2.0 180.535
Goat, fat 0.1 180.535
Goat, kidney 1.5 180.535
Goat, meat 0.1 180.535
Goat, meat byproducts 0.1 180.535
Grain, aspirated fractions 0.6 180.535
Grass, forage 120 180.535
Grass, hay 160 180.535
Hog, fat 0.1 180.535
Hog, kidney 1.5 180.535
Hog, meat 0.1 180.535
Hog, meat byproducts 0.1 180.535
Horse, fat 0.1 180.535
Horse, kidney 1.5 180.535
Horse, meat 0.1 180.535
Horse, meat byproducts 0.1 180.535
Milk 0.3 180.535
Oat, forage 12.0 180.535
Oat, grain 0.5 180.535
Oat, hay 20.0 180.535
Oat, straw 12.0 180.535
Sheep, fat 0.1 180.535
Sheep, kidney 1.5 180.535
Sheep, meat 0.1 180.535
Sheep, meat byproducts 0.1 180.535
Sorghum, grain, forage 2.0 180.535
Sorghum, grain, grain   0.02 180.535
Sorghum, grain, stover 4.0 180.535
Wheat, forage 12.0 180.535
Wheat, grain 0.5 180.535
Wheat, hay 20.0 180.535
Wheat, straw 12.0 180.535
(b) Section 18 emergency exemptions. Time-limited tolerances are
established for the combined residues of fluroxypyr 1-methylheptyl ester
and its metabolite fluroxypyr
, in connection with use of the pesticide
under section 18 emergency exemptions granted by EPA. The tolerances
will expire and are revoked on the dates specified in the following table.
Commodity PPM Expiration/Revocation Date
Corn, field, forage 2.0 12/31/06
Corn, field, grain 0.05 12/31/06
Corn, field, stover 2.5 12/31/06
Corn, sweet, forage 2.0 12/31/06
Corn, sweet, kernel plus cob with husks removed 0.05 12/31/06
Corn, sweet, stover 2.5 12/31/06
Onion 0.02 6/30/07
Sorghum, grain, forage 2.0 12/31/05
Sorghum, grain, grain 0.035 12/31/05
Sorghum, grain, stover 4.0 12/31/05
Cattle, kidney 1.5 12/31/04
Goat, kidney 1.5 12/31/04
Grass, forage 120 12/31/04
Grass, hay 160 12/31/04
Hog, kidney 1.5 12/31/04
Horse, kidney 1.5 12/31/04
Milk 0.30 12/31/04
Sheep, kidney 1.5 12/31/04
(c) Tolerances with regional registrations. [Reserved]
(d) Indirect or inadvertent residues. [Reserved]
 
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