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Abstracts
Activity: Herbicide
Structure:
Adverse Effects:
Bone
Endocrine: Adrenal
Endocrine:
Testicular
Kidney
Environmental
As
of February 5, 2005, this herbicide and
its metabolite Fluroxypyr are both permitted in
or on 54 food commodities
in the United States. -
see list at bottom of page.
As
to the following Table, we assume "Fluroxypyr"
includes Fluroxypyr 1-methylheptyl ester.
Fluroxypyr
ranked number 9 for "Most
Widely used pesticides in the UK (by Area Treated)"
Rank
|
Formulation |
Method |
Area
treated (ha) |
Weight
applied (kg ai) |
9 |
Fluroxypyr |
Spray |
842,392 |
104,821 |
Ref:
April 29, 2000. UK Department for Environment, Food
& Rural Affairs in the online report, "Design
of a Tax or Charge Scheme for Pesticides. " Annex
C3: Overview of Pesticide Industry
http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/pesticides.ranks.uk.2000.htm
|
|
Bone
(click on for all fluorinated pesticides)
Abstract: The objective
of this study was to assess the maternal and developmental toxicity
potential of fluroxypyr methylheptyl ester (FMHE) in rats. Groups
of 28 Sprague-Dawley rats received 0 (corn
oil vehicle), 100, 300, or 600 mg/kg/day of FMHE via gavage on
gestation days 6-15. In-life parameters evaluated included clinical
signs of toxicity, feed consumption, body weights and body weight
gains. On gestation day 20, all surviving females were euthanized
and examined for gross pathologic changes and alterations in liver,
kidney and gravid uterus weights. The number of corpora lutea,
implantations and resorptions was determined. The fetuses were
removed, weighed, sexed and examined for external, visceral and
skeletal alterations. At 600 mg/kg/day, eight rats (29%)
died prior to the scheduled necropsy.
No specific treatment-related gross pathological lesions were
found. Decreased body weight gain, slightly
decreased feed consumption and an increased incidence of anogenital
staining also were noted at this dose level. No signs of maternal
toxicity were observed in rats given 100 or 300 mg/kg/day. In
the fetuses obtained from the 600 mg/kg/day group, several
skeletal variations (delayed ossification) occurred with increased
incidence. Despite the severity of the maternal toxicity
at this dose level, there were no other signs of developmental
toxicity, nor were there any adverse effects of treatment on any
other developmental parameters at the 100 or 300 mg/kg/day dose
levels. Thus, the no-observed-effect-level (NOEL) for maternal
and developmental toxicity was 300 mg/kg/day.
Ref: Carney EW et al. (1995). Developmental
toxicity study in rats with fluroxypyr methylheptyl ester. Author
Address:
Toxicology Research Laboratory, Dow Chemical
Co., Midland, MI. Source: Teratology;
Mar;51(3):180. Abstract from Toxnet.
Endocrine:
Adrenal
(click
on for all fluorinated pesticides)
Reproductive toxicity
study. In the 2-generation reproductive toxicity study in rats,
the maternal (systemic) NOAEL was 100 mg/kg/ day, based on
increased kidney weights and kidney histopathology at the LOAEL
of 500 mg/kg/day. The developmental (pup) NOAEL was 500 mg/kg/
day, based on decreased body weight at the LOAEL of 1,000 mg/kg/day.
The reproductive NOAEL was 1,000 mg/kg/day (HDT).... Chronic dietary
all populations: 28-day dog range- finding feeding study LOAEL
= 150 mg/kg/day based on histopathological lesions in the kidneys,
decreased testes weights, and increased
adrenal weights in both sexes...
Ref: Federal Register. September 17, 2001.
Fluroxypyr 1-Methylheptyl Ester; Pesticide Tolerances for Emergency
Exemptions. Final Rule.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Fluroxypyr.FR.Sept.17.2001.htm
Endocrine:
Testicular (click
on for all fluorinated pesticides)
Reproductive toxicity
study. In the 2-generation reproductive toxicity study in rats,
the maternal (systemic) NOAEL was 100 mg/kg/ day, based on
increased kidney weights and kidney histopathology at the LOAEL
of 500 mg/kg/day. The developmental (pup) NOAEL was 500 mg/kg/
day, based on decreased body weight at the LOAEL of 1,000 mg/kg/day.
The reproductive NOAEL was 1,000 mg/kg/day (HDT).... Chronic dietary
all populations: 28-day dog range- finding feeding study LOAEL
= 150 mg/kg/day based on histopathological lesions in the kidneys,
decreased
testes weights, and increased adrenal
weights in both sexes...
Ref: Federal Register. September 17, 2001.
Fluroxypyr 1-Methylheptyl Ester; Pesticide Tolerances for Emergency
Exemptions. Final Rule.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Fluroxypyr.FR.Sept.17.2001.htm
Kidney
(click
on for all fluorinated pesticides)
Reproductive toxicity
study. In the 2-generation reproductive toxicity study in rats,
the maternal (systemic) NOAEL was 100 mg/kg/ day, based on increased
kidney weights and kidney histopathology at the LOAEL of
500 mg/kg/day. The developmental (pup) NOAEL was 500 mg/kg/ day,
based on decreased body weight at the LOAEL of 1,000 mg/kg/day.
The reproductive NOAEL was 1,000 mg/kg/day (HDT).... Chronic dietary
all populations: 28-day dog range- finding feeding study LOAEL
= 150 mg/kg/day based on histopathological
lesions in the kidneys, decreased testes weights, and increased
adrenal weights in both sexes...
Ref: Federal Register. September 17, 2001.
Fluroxypyr 1-Methylheptyl Ester; Pesticide Tolerances for Emergency
Exemptions. Final Rule.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Fluroxypyr.FR.Sept.17.2001.htm
Metabolite toxicology.
Administration of fluroxypyr, as the acid or methylheptyl ester
in a variety of toxicological studies, has produced similar effects.
The principal response to sufficiently high dosages, whether administered
over the short-term or, in some cases, over a lifetime, was nephrosis.
Ref: Federal Register: May 14, 2003 (Volume
68, Number 93)] [Notices] [Page 25883-25888]. Fluroxypyr; Notice
of Filing a Pesticide Petition to Establish a Tolerance for a
Certain Pesticide Chemical in or on Food
http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/fluroxypyr.fr.may.14.2003.htm
870.4300 Carcinogenicity--Rats
NOAEL = 100 mg/kg/day. LOAEL = 500 mg/kg/day based on chronic
progressive kidney glomerulonephropathy (M&F).(no)
evidence of carcinogenicity.
Ref:
Federal Register. December 31, 2003. Fluroxypyr; Pesticide Tolerance.
Final Rule.
http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/2003/December/Day-31/p32007.htm
Environmental
(click
on for all fluorinated pesticides)
Acute
Aquatic Ecotoxicity Summaries for Fluroxypyr 1-methylheptyl
ester on All Taxa Groups.
Ref: PAN Pesticides Database - Chemical
Toxicity Studies on Aquatic Organisms
http://www.pesticideinfo.org/List_AquireAcuteSum.jsp?Rec_Id=PC37523
|
Common
Name |
Scientific
Name |
Avg
Species LC50 (ug/L) |
LC50
Std Dev |
Number
of Studies |
Avg
Species Rating |
Crustaceans |
Northern
pink shrimp |
Penaeus
duorarum |
128.0
|
|
1 |
Highly
Toxic |
Fish |
Sheepshead
minnow |
Cyprinodon
variegatus |
87.0
|
- |
1 |
Very
Highly Toxic |
Bluegill |
Lepomis
macrochirus |
629.5 |
0.50 |
2 |
Highly
Toxic |
Atlantic
silverside |
Menidia menidia |
188.0
|
- |
- |
Highly
Toxic |
Pink
salmon |
Oncorhynchus
gorbuscha |
10,333 |
1,700
|
3 |
Slightly
Toxic |
Chum
salmon |
Oncorhynchus
keta |
14,333 |
3,682 |
3 |
Slightly
Toxic |
Coho
salmon,silver salmon |
Oncorhynchus
kisutch |
13,667 |
2,867 |
3 |
Slightly
Toxic |
Rainbow
trout,donaldson trout |
Oncorhynchus
mykiss |
15,333 |
2,357 |
3 |
Slightly
Toxic |
Sockeye
salmon |
Oncorhynchus
nerka |
12,667 |
2,055 |
3 |
Slightly
Toxic |
Chinook
salmon |
Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha |
12,667 |
2,867 |
3 |
Slightly
Toxic |
Zooplankton |
Daggerblade
grass shrimp |
Palaemonetes
pugio |
135.0 |
- |
1 |
Highly
Toxic |
|
A
February 5, 2005, check at the Code
of Federal Regulations for Fluroxypyr 1-Methylheptyl ester
and its metabolite Fluroxypyr: they are permitted
in or on 54
food commodities in the United
States. The
following list identifies these commodities for which EPA
has set pesticide tolerances.
|
[Code
of Federal Regulations]
[Title 40, Volume 22]
[Revised as of July 1, 2004]
From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access
[CITE: 40CFR180.535]
[Page 494-495]
TITLE 40--PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER I--ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)
PART 180_TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FROM TOLERANCES FOR PESTICIDE
CHEMICALS
IN FOOD--Table of Contents
Subpart C_Specific Tolerances
Sec. 180.535 Fluroxypyr 1-methylheptyl ester; tolerances for
residues.
(a) General. Tolerances are established for
combined residues of
fluroxypyr 1-methylheptyl ester [1-methylheptyl ((4-amino-3,5-dichloro-
6-fluoro-2-pyridinyl)oxy)acetate] and
its metabolite fluroxypyr [((4-
amino-3,5-dichloro-6-fluoro-2-pyridinyl)oxy)acetic acid] in
or on the
following raw agricultural commodities. |
Commodity |
Parts
per Million
PPM |
US
Code of Federal Regulations
CFR |
Barley,
grain |
0.5 |
180.535
|
Barley,
forage |
12.0 |
180.535
|
Barley,
hay |
20.0 |
180.535
|
Barley,
straw |
12.0 |
180.535
|
Cattle,
fat |
0.1 |
180.535
|
Cattle,
kidney |
1.5 |
180.535
|
Cattle,
meat |
0.1 |
180.535
|
Cattle,
meat byproducts |
0.1 |
180.535
|
Corn,
field, forage |
1.0 |
180.535
|
Corn,
field, grain |
0.02 |
180.535
|
Corn,
field, stover |
0.5 |
180.535
|
Corn,
sweet, forage |
1.0 |
180.535
|
Corn,
sweet, kernel plus cob with husks removed |
0.02 |
180.535
|
Corn,
sweet, stover |
2.0 |
180.535
|
Goat,
fat |
0.1 |
180.535
|
Goat,
kidney |
1.5 |
180.535
|
Goat,
meat |
0.1 |
180.535
|
Goat,
meat byproducts |
0.1 |
180.535
|
Grain,
aspirated fractions |
0.6 |
180.535
|
Grass,
forage |
120 |
180.535
|
Grass,
hay |
160 |
180.535
|
Hog,
fat |
0.1 |
180.535
|
Hog,
kidney |
1.5 |
180.535
|
Hog,
meat |
0.1 |
180.535
|
Hog,
meat byproducts |
0.1 |
180.535
|
Horse,
fat |
0.1 |
180.535
|
Horse,
kidney |
1.5 |
180.535
|
Horse,
meat |
0.1 |
180.535
|
Horse,
meat byproducts |
0.1 |
180.535
|
Milk |
0.3 |
180.535
|
Oat,
forage |
12.0 |
180.535
|
Oat,
grain |
0.5 |
180.535
|
Oat,
hay |
20.0 |
180.535
|
Oat,
straw |
12.0 |
180.535
|
Sheep,
fat |
0.1 |
180.535
|
Sheep,
kidney |
1.5 |
180.535
|
Sheep,
meat |
0.1 |
180.535
|
Sheep,
meat byproducts |
0.1 |
180.535
|
Sorghum,
grain, forage |
2.0 |
180.535
|
Sorghum,
grain, grain |
0.02 |
180.535
|
Sorghum,
grain, stover |
4.0 |
180.535
|
Wheat,
forage |
12.0 |
180.535
|
Wheat,
grain |
0.5 |
180.535
|
Wheat,
hay |
20.0 |
180.535
|
Wheat,
straw |
12.0 |
180.535
|
(b)
Section 18 emergency exemptions. Time-limited
tolerances are
established for the combined residues
of fluroxypyr 1-methylheptyl ester
and its metabolite fluroxypyr, in connection with use
of the pesticide
under section 18 emergency exemptions granted by EPA. The
tolerances
will expire and are revoked on the dates specified in the
following table. |
Commodity |
PPM |
Expiration/Revocation
Date |
Corn, field,
forage |
2.0
|
12/31/06 |
Corn, field,
grain |
0.05
|
12/31/06 |
Corn, field,
stover |
2.5
|
12/31/06 |
Corn, sweet,
forage |
2.0
|
12/31/06 |
Corn, sweet,
kernel plus cob with husks removed |
0.05
|
12/31/06 |
Corn, sweet,
stover |
2.5
|
12/31/06 |
Onion |
0.02 |
6/30/07 |
Sorghum,
grain, forage |
2.0
|
12/31/05 |
Sorghum,
grain, grain |
0.035 |
12/31/05 |
Sorghum,
grain, stover |
4.0 |
12/31/05 |
Cattle,
kidney |
1.5 |
12/31/04 |
Goat,
kidney |
1.5 |
12/31/04 |
Grass,
forage |
120 |
12/31/04 |
Grass,
hay |
160 |
12/31/04 |
Hog,
kidney |
1.5 |
12/31/04 |
Horse,
kidney |
1.5 |
12/31/04 |
Milk |
0.30 |
12/31/04 |
Sheep,
kidney |
1.5 |
12/31/04 |
(c)
Tolerances with regional registrations. [Reserved]
(d) Indirect or inadvertent residues. [Reserved] |
|