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Activity:
Insecticide (pyrethroid)
Note: CAS
No. 68359-37-5 for cyfluthrin
and beta-cyfluthrin is the same
Structure for Cyfluthrin:
Adverse
Effects:
Body Weight Decrease
Bone
CNS
Eye
Lung
Environmental
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Beta-cyfluthrin
and cyfluthrin have the same toxicological profile. Beta-cyfluthrin
has an approximately 2 to 5 times higher acute toxicity than
cyfluthrin. The NOELs of subacute and subchronic studies
are in the same range.
Ref: December 2002 - Beta-cyflutrin: Review
report for the active substance beta-cyfluthrin Finalised
in the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health
at its meeting on 3 December 2002 in view of the inclusion
of beta-cyfluthrin in Annex I of Directive 91/414/EEC. EUROPEAN
COMMISSION HEALTH & CONSUMER PROTECTION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL
http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/cyfluthrin.beta.eu.dec.2002.pdf
Uses:
Beta-cyfluthrin is an insecticide, acting as a contact and
stomach poison. It combines a rapid knock-down effect with
long lasting efficacy. It is not systemic in plants. It
is used in agriculture, horticulture (field and protected
crops) and viticulture. It is also used against migratory
locusts and grassoppers and in public health and hygiene.
Ref: 1999 report on Beta-cyfluthrin. Food
and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/AGRICULT/AGP/AGPP/Pesticid/Specs/pdf/Beta_cyf.pdf
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2004-2006
- US EPA CHEERS study in Jacksonville, Duval County, Florida.
This 2-year study of children's exposure
to selected pesticides and chemicals has ignited enormous
controversy. Cyfluthrin
(I,
II, III, IV, total)
was
one of 16 pesticides selected to be monitored in children
(ages 0-3 years). See FAN's
updates on this study. Also,
4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid,
(CAS No. 77279-89-1), a metabolite
of Cyfluthrin, will be analyzed
in biological media. It's molecular structure is
[Note:
the CDC's "Third National Report on Human Exposure
to Environmental Chemicals," expected to be released
sometime in 2005, includes
4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid
in its list of chemicals.]
••
Abstract on 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic
acid:
Toxicology
Letters Volume 134, Issues 1-3 , 5 August 2002,
Pages 141-145
Pyrethroid
exposure of the general population—is this due to
diet
Thomas
Schettgen (a), Ursel Heudorf (b), Hans Drexler (a) and Jürgen
Angerer (a)
(a)
Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social
and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University
of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schillerstraße 25/29, D-91054,
Erlangen, Germany
(b) Public Health Department of the City of Frankfurt am
Main, Braubachstr. 18–22, D-60311, Frankfurt am Main,
Germany
Received 21 September 2001; accepted 20 February 2002.
Available online 13 September 2002.
Inhabitants
(1177) of a residential area in Frankfurt/Main have been
investigated with respect to internal exposure to pyrethroids.
Biological monitoring revealed a body burden of pyrethroids.
The 95th‰ for the urinary metabolites of pyrethroids,
such as permethrin and cypermethrin, cis and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic
acid (cis-DCCA and trans-DCCA), was determined to be 0.5
and 1.4 g/l, respectively. 95th‰ for cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic
acid (DBCA), a specific metabolite of deltamethrin, and
4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (F-PBA),
a metabolite of cyfluthrin, were 0.3 and 0.27 g/l,
respectively. The metabolic pattern found for these samples
points out that pyrethroids are probably ingested orally
with daily diet.
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Note:
most toxicological studies have been performed with Cyfluthrin.
The information below pertains to studies conducted with beta-cyfluthrin.
Body
Weight Decrease
(click
on for all fluorinated pesticides)
-- Beta-cyfluthrin
(99.7% active ingredient (a.i.)). 90-Day oral toxicity-- NOAEL
= 9.5/10.9 male/female (M/F) rats LOAEL = 37.0/43.0 (M/F) based
on gait abnormalities, necrosis in head
and neck region, mortality (2), decreased
body weight gain.
-- Beta-cyfluthrin (97.9% a.i.). 4-Week inhalation study--rat.
subacute NOAEL = 0.00026 mg/L (0.07 mg/kg/day) LOAEL = 0.0027
mg/L (0.73 mg/kg/day) based on decreased
body weights, 9 urine pH in males
-- Beta-cyfluthrin (96.5- 97.3%).
Prenatal developmental toxicity study--rats.
Maternal NOAEL = 3 Developmental NOAEL = 10 Maternal LOAEL = 10
based on reduced body weight gain and reduced
food consumption with post-treatment recovery. Developmental
LOAEL = 40 based on reduced fetal body weights
and increased skeletal variations.
Ref: Federal Register. September 27, 2002.
Cyfluthrin; Pesticide Tolerance. Final Rule.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Cyfluthrin.FR.Sept.27.2002.htm
Bone
(click
on for all fluorinated pesticides)
--
Beta-cyfluthrin (96.5- 97.3%).
Prenatal
developmental toxicity study--rats. Maternal NOAEL = 3 Developmental
NOAEL = 10 Maternal LOAEL = 10 based on reduced body weight gain
and reduced food consumption with post-treatment recovery. Developmental
LOAEL = 40 based on reduced fetal body weights
and increased skeletal variations.
Ref: Federal Register. September 27, 2002.
Cyfluthrin; Pesticide Tolerance. Final Rule.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Cyfluthrin.FR.Sept.27.2002.htm
CNS
(click
on for all fluorinated pesticides)
-- Short term toxicity.
Target / critical effect: CNS / General
behavioural disturbances; axonal degeneration.
Lowest relevant oral NOAEL / NOEL: 90-d dog: 60 ppm (1.5 mg/kg
bw/d. ) Lowest relevant dermal NOAEL / NOEL: 3-wk rabbit: 340
mg/kg bw/d * Lowest relevant inhalation NOAEL / NOEL: 3-mo rat:
0.09 µg/l (0.0243 mg/kg bw/d)*
-- Neurotoxicity / Delayed neurotoxicity. Critical effects: Clinical
signs indicative of a neurological disorder and a
reversible axonal degeneration. No evidence of delayed
neurotoxicity in hens. NOAEL (acute oral neurotoxicity, rat) 2
mg/kg bw/d (aqueous vehicle) NOAEL (90-d oral neurotoxicity, rat)
30 ppm (2 mg/kg bw/d)
Ref: December 2002 - Beta-cyflutrin: Review
report for the active substance beta-cyfluthrin Finalised in the
Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health at its
meeting on 3 December 2002 in view of the inclusion of beta-cyfluthrin
in Annex I of Directive 91/414/EEC. EUROPEAN COMMISSION HEALTH
& CONSUMER PROTECTION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL Directorate E Ü Food
Safety: plant health, animal health and welfare, international
questions E1 - Plant health.
http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/cyfluthrin.beta.eu.dec.2002.pdf
Eye
(click
on for all fluorinated pesticides)
--
Beta-cyfluthrin. 28-Day dog feeding study. NOAEL = 2.0 (both sexes)
LOAEL = 8.0 based on impaired movement and conjunctival
irritation.
Ref: Federal Register. September 27, 2002.
Cyfluthrin; Pesticide Tolerance. Final Rule.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Cyfluthrin.FR.Sept.27.2002.htm
Lung
(click
on for all fluorinated pesticides)
-- Beta-cyfluthrin
(98% a.i.). 5-Day range-finding NOAEL = 0.00025 mg/L (0.07 mg/kg/day)
inhalation study--rat LOAEL = 0.0038 mg/L (1.03 mg/kg/day) based
on unpreened hair coat, piloerection, hepatoid
foci in lungs.
Ref: Federal Register. September 27, 2002.
Cyfluthrin; Pesticide Tolerance. Final Rule.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/pesticides/Cyfluthrin.FR.Sept.27.2002.htm
Environmental
(click on for all fluorinated
pesticides)
Acute
and chronic toxicity studies show that the technical material
and formulations of beta-cyfluthrin are highly
toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates and moderately
toxic to algae. It is classified as presenting a high
risk to honey bees and other arthropod species.
Ref: 1999. FAO Specifications
and Evaluations for Plant Protection Products. Beta-Cyfluthrin
(1RS, 3RS; 1RS, 3SR)-3-(2,2-dichloro-vinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane-carboxylic
acid (RS)-cyano
-(4-fluoro-3-phenoxy-phenyl)-methyl ester. Food and Agricultural
Organization of the United Nations.
http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/AGRICULT/AGP/AGPP/Pesticid/Specs/pdf/Beta_cyf.pdf
•
Definition of arthropod: Includes
arachnids (spiders, mites) insects (bee, ant, moth) and
crustaceans (shrimp, crab), as a group under Phylum Arthropoda,
all invertebrates (no vertebral column), having segmented
bodies and hollow, jointed legs.
Honeybees.
Acute oral toxicity: LD50 ~ 0.05 µg/bee Acute contact toxicity:
LD50 ~ 0.001 µg/bee
-- Aquatic Organisms.
Acute toxicity fish:
-- LC50 = 0.068 µg/l (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 96 h);
-- §-cyfluthrin LC50 = 0.28 µg/l (Lepomis macrochirus; 96
h); §-cyfluthrin
Long term toxicity fish:
-- NOEC = 0.01 µg/l (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 58 d; cyfluthrin)
-- NOEC = 0.14 µg/l (Pimephales promelas; 307 d; cyfluthrin)
Ref: December 2002 - Beta-cyflutrin:
Review report for the active substance beta-cyfluthrin Finalised
in the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health
at its meeting on 3 December 2002 in view of the inclusion
of beta-cyfluthrin in Annex I of Directive 91/414/EEC. EUROPEAN
COMMISSION HEALTH & CONSUMER PROTECTION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL
Directorate E Ü Food Safety: plant health, animal health
and welfare, international questions E1 - Plant health.
http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/cyfluthrin.beta.eu.dec.2002.pdf
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