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Adverse Effects
Abstracts
ACTIVITY:
Rodenticide (diphenylamine)
CAS Name:
N-methyl-2,4-dinitro-N-(2,4,6-tribromophenyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine
Structure:
Note:
This pesticide contains both bromine and
fluorine; a combination
that has the potential to produce severe adverse effects - particularly
to the brain. |
Adverse
Effects:
Ataxia
Brain
CNS
Lung
Tremor/Convulsions |
Environmental
Effects:
Birds:
High to Very high toxicity
Fish: Very highly toxic |
Regulatory
Information
(only comprehensive for the US) |
US
EPA Registered: |
Yes
|
US
EPA PC Code: |
112802
117601 |
California
Chemical Code: |
2288 |
Registered
use in: |
Canada,
US |
Date
Active Ingredient registered in US: |
1984 |
Other
Information |
Molecular
Formula: |
C14H7Br3
F3 N3O4 |
Inventing
Co.: |
Elanco
|
Manufacturers: |
Bell
Laboratories
DowAgro |
Entry Year: |
1982 |
Other
Names:
EL-614
Assault mouse/rat place pak
Fastrac all-weather blox (bromethalin 0.01% by weight)
Fastrac mouse seed place pac
Green thumb mouse killer
Hot shot sudden death brand rat killer 1
New rampage rodenticide place pacs
Protecta
Purina assault meal
Talpirid mole bait (bromethalin 0.025% by weight)
Top gun pellet rodenticide
Vengence |
Of special interest: |
US
EPA RED |
PAN
BAD ACTOR (Acute Toxicity) |
Material
Safety Data Sheets & Labels |
Dec
14, 2004. Bell Laboratories introduces new mole bait: Talpirid. |
1997
- Bromethalin.
"The gross lesions seen on post-mortem
examination are limited to those caused by cerebral edema which
include narrowing of suici and flattening of gyri. Mild pulmonary
congestion may be seen in some cases. The
predominant histological change is seen in the brain. There
is diffuse spongiform degeneration of the white matter and vacuolization
of myelin such as occurs in the optic nerve. There can be microgliosis
of the cerebellum and cerebrum."
Animal Disease Diagnostic Lab. Spring 1997 Newsletter. by Paul
Klausen, Class of 1997. Edited by Stephen Hooser, DVM, PhD |
WHO:
Extremely Hazardous (Class 1a)
Ref: WHO
Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines
to Classification 2000-2002. Table
1. EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS (Class Ia) active ingredients (technical
grade) of pesticides, p 16. |
December
19, 2002:
Potential Risks of
Nine Rodenticides to Birds and Nontarget Mammals: a Comparative
Approach. US EPA
Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances. Also
External
Peer Review of this document. |
October
1998 - Structural
Pest Management pesticides. FAN's
compilation of information cited on fluorine and organofluorine
pesticides published in General Pest Management, Category 7A.
A Guide for Commercial Applicators. Prepared by: Carolyn Randall,
MSU Pesticide Education Program. Published by
MSU Pesticide Education
(Michigan State University). MSU
manual number: E-2048. |
July
2004: The Use of Bromethalin
in Rittenhouse Square (Philadelphia PA). By Harry B. Cook,
Director, Philly1.com |
List
of US Bromethalin rodenticide products |
Abstracts
and bibliography from EPA's 1998 Rodentcide Cluster report. |
1988
- Status of bromethalin outside the United States...
Laboratory
and field trial data are presented from Switzerland, France,
England, and Denmark that indicate the effectiveness of new
bromethalin formulations against anticoagulant resistant and
susceptible rodents... At the 1979
British Crop Protection Conference, Dreikorn (1979) presented
the first biological results from laboratory tests with white
rats and mice...
FULL REPORT AVAILABLE AT http://www.fluorideaction.org/pesticides/bromethalin.1988.full.pdf
|
|
Active
Ingredient |
Product
Name |
|
Active
Ingredient |
Product
Name |
Benefin
(also known as
Benfluralin)
|
Team,
XL 2G |
|
Hydramethylnon
|
MaxForce
Ant Killer Granular Bait,
MaxForce Roach Gel,
Siege |
Bifenthrin |
Talstar
Lawn & Tree |
|
Lambda-cyhalothrin |
Demand
CS |
Bromethalin |
Vengence |
|
Sulfuryl
fluoride |
Vikane |
Cyfluthrin |
Intruder
HPX,
Tempo 20 WP |
|
Trifluralin |
Team,
Turflan |
Fipronil |
MaxForce
Ant Station,
MaxForce Roach Station,
MaxForce FC |
|
Unknown
|
Fluorgard |
Fluazifop-butyl |
Fusilade,
Fusilade II,
Ornamec |
|
- |
US
Federal Register
•• Note: Due
to length, the following is a partial list. Click
here to see full list of FR entries.
|
Date
Published |
Docket
Identification Number |
Details |
March 14, 2007 |
EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0955 |
Extension
of Public Comment Period. EPA issued a notice in the Federal
Register of January 17, 2007, concerning the availability of
the Proposed Risk Mitigation Decision for nine rodenticides.
The comment period is being extended for 60 days, from March
19, 2007, to May 18, 2007. |
January 17, 2007 |
EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0955 |
Proposed
Risk Mitigation Decision; Notice of Availability.
This notice announces the availability of EPA's proposed risk
mitigation decision for nine rodenticides, the economic impact
assessment for the proposed risk mitigation decision, the
revised comparative ecological risk assessment, updated human
health and ecological incident reports, and other related
documents, and opens a 60-day public comment period on the
proposed risk mitigation decision. The nine rodenticides covered
by this risk mitigation decision are brodifacoum, bromadiolone,
difethialone, chlorophacinone, diphacinone, warfarin, zinc
phosphide, bromethalin, and cholecalciferol.
Documents available:
Title |
Docket No. |
Impact
assessment for proposed rodentcide mitigation (DP332577)
USEPA - September 30, 2006 |
EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0955-0003
31 pages |
Analysis of Rodenticide Bait Use
Biological Analysis Branch, USEPA - January
23, 2006
Page
1-33
Page
34
References |
EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0955-0004
33 pages |
Potential
risks of nine rodenticides to birds and nontarget mammals:
a comparative approach
USEPA Environmental Risk Branch - July
2004 |
EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0955-0005
230 pages |
Response
to comments on EDED's July, 2004 Risk Assessment
USEPA Environmental Risk Branch - January
10, 2006 |
EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0955-0006
104 pages |
Response
to comments from stakeholders on analsis of rodenticide
ban use
Biological Analysis Branch, USEPA - August
3, 2005 |
EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0955-0007
3 pages |
Rodenticide
Incidents Update
USEPA - November
15, 2006 |
EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0955-0008
6 pages |
Updated
review of rodenticide incident reports primarily concerning
children
USEPA - January
9, 2006 |
EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0955-0009
19 pages |
Updated
review of rodenticide incident reports primarily concerning
children
June 3, 1999
|
EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0955-0010
13 pages |
Updated
review of poison control center data for rsidential
exposures to rodenticides, 1993-1996
USEPA - March
22, 1999 |
EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0955-0011
30 pages |
Comments
from the American Bird Conservancy
December 14, 2005
|
EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0955-0013
2 pages |
Comments
from the American Bird Conservancy
January 20, 2006
|
EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0955-0014
3 pages |
Comments
from the Rodenticide Registrants Task Force (RRTF)
Re: Product Stewardship Proposal - July
20, 2006 |
EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0955-0015
5 pages |
Comments
from the Rodenticide Registrants Task Force (RRTF)
Re: Supplemental Information on issues discussed druing
Sept 8, 2006, EPA meeting. - October
31, 2006 |
EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0955-0016
6 pages |
Comments
from the Rodenticide Registrants Task Force (RRTF)
December 20, 2006
|
EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0955-0017
8 pages |
Comments
from Bell Laboratories, Inc.
(Madison, Wisconsin)
• manufacturer
of bromethalin and 5 other rodenticide
September 15,
2006 |
EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0955-0019
2 pages |
|
Nov
16, 2004 |
OPP-2004-0033 |
Extension
of Comment Period
to
January 21, 2005,
re: Rodenticides;
Availability of Revised Comparative Ecological Risk Assessment.
Documents available
are:
• Potential
Risks of Nine Rodenticides to Birds and Nontarget Mammals:
a Comparative Approach - July 2004 (230 pages)
• Update
to the Overview of the Rodenticide Comparative Ecological
Assessment - September 9, 2004 (4 pages)
• Analysis
of Rodenticide Bait Use - September 10, 2004 (43 pages)
• EFED
Response to USDA/APHIS’ “Partner Review Comments:
Preliminary Analysis of Rodenticide Bait Use and Potential
Risks of Nine Rodenticides to Birds and Nontarget Mammals:
A Comparative Approach (June 9, 2004)” - September
7, 2004 (24 pages)
• Response
to Public Comments on EFED's Risk Assessment: "Potential
Risks of Nine Rodenticides to Birds and Nontarget Mammals:
a Comparative Approach", dated December 19, 2002-
July 17, 2004 (24 pages)
• "Potential
Risks of Nine Rodenticides to Birds and Nontarget Mammals:
A Comparative Approach"; revised document dated July
2004 - July 22, 2004 (2 pages)
Excerpts
from Potential
Risks of Nine Rodenticides to Birds and Nontarget Mammals:
a Comparative Approach - July 2004 (230 pages)
-- Mammalian predators and scavengers are at risk from feeding
on animals poisoned with anticoagulant baits. Although the
non-anticoagulant rodenticides appear to be much less hazardous
to secondary consumers, confirmatory
data are still needed to make this assumption for bromethalin
and cholecalciferol baits.
--
Bromethalin, a diphenylamine, is a neurotoxicant that causes
respiratory arrest from inadequate nerve impulse transmission
after fluid build-up and demyelination inside the central
nervous system (Spaulding and Spannring 1988, Hyngstrom et
al. 1994).
--
Risks to Nontarget mammals ... Too few
data are available to adequately assess
potential risks of either bromethalin or cholecalciferol (page
85).
--
Little
information is available on methodology
for detecting bromethalin or cholecalciferol in body tissues
(page 90).
--
Lack of data for some rodenticides accounts for the most uncertainty
in the comparative analysis model results. Data
gaps include no secondary-hazards data for difethialone and
few for bromethalin and cholecalciferol
(page 105).
--
Two factors are identified as contributing the greatest uncertainty
to the analysis: (1) missing data, especially secondary
mortality data for difethialone,
bromethalin, and cholecalciferol, and
blood and liver retention values for a number of rodenticides;
... (page 149)
Bromethalin
(pages 220-221) |
Species |
Reasonable
and Prudent Alternatives/
Reasonable and Prudent Measures |
Species
for which bromethalin "is likely to jeopardize"
their continued existence: |
Alabama
beach mouse
Choctawhatchee beach mouse
Perdido Key beach mouse
Anastasia Island beach mouse
Southeastern beach mouse
Morro Bay kangaroo rat
|
Prohibit
use within 100 yards of these species’ occupied
habitat |
Salt
marsh harvest mouse
Fresno kangaroo rat
|
Prohibit
use within 100 yards of these species’ occupied
habitat |
Carolina
northern flying squirrel |
Prohibit
outdoor use within this species’ occupied habitat |
Florida
salt marsh vole |
Prohibit
use within 100 yards of the landward edge of this species’
habitat in Levy County, Florida |
Giant
kangaroo rat
Stephen’s kangaroo rat
Tipton kangaroo rat
Point Arena mountain beaver
|
Incidental
take can be minimized by prohibiting outdoor use within
100 yards of these species’ occupied habitat |
|
••
Note: Due to length, the above is a partial list. Click
here to see full list of FR entries.
|
|