Return to
Terms
beginning with: |
|
|
I-M |
N-O |
S-Z |
Ebner,
Victor (Ritter von Rosenstein). 1842-1925 Innsbruck & Vienna
histologist; E.'s glands = serous lingual glands; E.'s lines =
fibrils in dentine and cementum of teeth; E.'s reticulum = network
of cells in seminiferous tubules.
eccentric G.
ek = out(side) + kentron = centre.
eccrine G. "
+ krinein = to separate; of sweat secretion, or of sweat
glands.
ectoderm G.
ek = outside + derma = skin; outer cell layer of
embryo giving rise to CNS, skin, glands, etc.
ectopic G. ek
= out + topos = placed; displaced; in an abnormal position;
opposite to entopic.
ectoplasm G
ektos = outside + plasma = a thing formed; outermost
layer of cytoplasm.
Edinger,
Ludwig. 1855-1918 Franfurt-am-Main anatomist & neurologist;
skilled violinist; bequeathed his own brain for study; nucleus
of Edinger-Westphal = oculomotor nucleus (1885); cf. Westphal.
efferent L.
ex = away + ferre = to carry; centrifugal; e.g.,
motor nerves are efferent with respect to central nervous system;
efferent arteriole of renal glomerulus; opposite to afferent,
q.v.
effete worn
out.
Ehrlich, Paul.
1854-1915 German pathologist & bacteriologist; named mast
cells, q.v.; E.'s haematoxylin.
elastin G. elastikos
= impulsive (as in elastic recoil); protein component of yellow
fibres of elastic tissue.
electron-dense
appearing dark in electron microscope; scatters electrons.
electron-lucent
appearing light in electron microscope; transmits electrons; opposite
to electron-dense.
eleidin G. elaia
= oil; acidophilic substance in oily granules in cells of stratum
lucidum of epidermis.
embolus G. embolos
= wedge, something inserted; something blocking the lumen of a
blood vessel.
embryo G. embryon
= fruit of womb before birth, from bryein = to grow, swell
out.
emphysema G.
emphysan = to inflate; pathological distension of tissues
by gas.
en bloc F. =
in the block; of dyeing tissues in the block before sectioning
the block in a microtome.
en face F. =
face on; e.g. an aerial view of a surface.
enamel OF. esmail
= enamel, from L. smatto = I smelt; hard prismatic white
substance covering crown of tooth, like the enamel fused to surface
of objects.
enarthrosis G.
en = in + arthron = a joint; a ball-and-socket joint.
encephalon G.
enkephalos = brain, from en = in + kephalos
= head.
end artery a
small artery that ends in branches which do not have sufficient
anastomoses other arteries to keep the organ alive if the end
artery is occluded, e.g., artery to the vermiform appendix (Cohnheim,
c. 1860).
end-bulb the
sensory corpuscle at the peripheral end of a sensory nerve, e.g.,
end-bulb of Krause.
endo- or ento-
G. endon = within.
endocardium
G. " + kardia = heart; the tunica intima of the heart.
endochondral
G. " + chondros = cartilage; of ossification taking place
in a cartilage model.
endocrine G.
" + krinein = to separate; formation of internal secretions
(= hormones) with release into blood or lymph stream.
endoderm or
entoderm G. " + derma = skin; inner cell layer of
embryo giving rise to digestive system, glands, liver, part of
urinary system, etc; also called entoderm.
endolymph G.
" + L. lympha = clear fluid, water; fluid inside the membranous
labyrinth of the inner ear.
endometrium
G. " + metra = womb; mucosal lining of uterus.
endomysium G.
" + mys = muscle; fine connective tissue supporting single
muscle cells within a muscle fascicle.
endoneurium
G. " + neuron = sinew (nerve); delicate connective tissue
supporting individual nerve fibres within a peripheral nerve fascicle.
endoplasm G.
" + plasma = a thing formed; central, more fluid part of
cytoplasm.
endoplasmic reticulum
G. " + plasma = a thing formed + reticulum = a small
net (-work), dimutive of L. rete, q.v.; a connecting network
of membranous channels and sacs in cytoplasm; of two types: rough
e.r. with many ribosomes on surface, and smooth e.r., without
ribosomes; cf. ergastoplasm.
endosteum G.
" + osteon = bone; vascular membrane and osteoblasts lining
medullary cavity of a bone.
endotendineum G
" L. tendo = sinew; connective tissue within
a sinew (also endotenon).
endothelium
G. " + thele = nipple; the special name for epithelium
(q.v.) lining blood and lymph vessels.
enteroendocrine
G. enteron = intestine + endon = within + krinein
= to separate.
entoderm G.
entos = within + derma = skin; see endoderm.
enzyme G. en
= in + zyme = leaven (an early use of biotechnology!).
Eosin G. eos
= dawn, rose-coloured; an acidic dye staining the basic cytoplasmic
proteins pink.
eosinophil G.
" + philein = to love; a type of blood cell with distinct
cytoplasmic granules which stain pink with eosin.
eosinophilic
having an affinity for eosin dye.
ependyma G.
epi = upon + endyma = a garment, an upper garment, a wrap; a vest
or singlet, hence an inner garment; cellular layer lining cerebral
ventricles and central canal of spinal cord.
epi- G. = upon,
on.
epicardium G.
" + kardia = heart; outer layer of heart, including connective
tissue (i.e., its tunica adventitia) and mesothelium of the serous
visceral pericardium.
epidermis G.
" + derma = skin; superficial layer of skin.
epididymis (-dymides)
G. " + didymos = twofold, double, testis; hence an organ
on the posterosuperior aspect of the duplicated organ, the testis,
with a duct through which spermatozoa pass; cf. ductus epididymidis.
epidural space space
external to the dura mater in the spinal cord.
epiglottis G.
" + glottis = throat, larynx; leaf-shaped structure of
the upper part of larynx at root of tongue.
epimysium G.
" + mys = muscle; loose connective tissue investing several
muscle fascicles = muscle fascia, q.v.
epineurium G.
" + neuron = sinew; loose connective tissue investing several
nerve fascicles.
epiphysis (-ses)
G. epi = upon + physis = a growth; extremities of
long bones, covering the actual sites of growth (= metaphysis);
also epiphysis cerebri = pineal gland.
epiploic G.
epiploon = a net; relating to greater omentum, resembling
a net with adipose tissue deposits (Galen, c. 180 AD).
epithelioid cells
G. -oeides = like; cells that appear like those
of an epithelium but are not, e.g., lymphocytes around the germinal
centre of an active lymphatic follicle; juxtaglomerular cells
of an afferent arteriole in the kidney.
epithelium (-ia)
G. epi = upon + thele = nipple, ridge of the lip;
cells that cover the ridges of the lip (Ruysch, c. 1700);
cells covering organs and structures, or lining spaces,
tubes (Henle, c. 1870); many epithelia separate the inside the
body from the outside world and its inward extensions.
eponychium G.
" + onyx = nail; horny structure (i.e., stratum corneum)
of skin fold covering root of a nail; cuticle of a nail.
epoöphoron
G. " + oöphoron = ovary; minute tubules in mesosalpinx
derived from upper part of embryonic mesonephros.
ergastoplasm G.
ergon = work + plasma = a thing formed; cytoplasmic
ribonucleic acid as a site of protein synthesis; synonym for rough
endoplasmic reticulum.
erythroblast G.
erythros = red + blastos = germ; early stage in
development of an erythrocyte.
erythrocyte
G. " + kytos = hollow vessel; red blood cell (without a
nucleus).
erythropoiesis G.
" + poiesis = making; process of erythrocyte production
in bone marrow, liver, etc.
euchromatin
G. eus = good + chroma = colour; chromatin rich
in nucleic acid.
Eustachio,
Bartolomeo. ?1513,1524-1574 Rome anatomist & physician
to Pope; studied teeth; described thoracic duct (vena alba
magna), cochlea, larynx; Eustachian tube = the cartilaginous
part of auditory tube (1562).
evagination L.
evaginare = to unsheath; protrusion of an organ or a surface.
exocrine G.
exo = outside + krinein = to separate; of glands
retaining connection with epithelial surface (opposite to endocrine).
extrafusal L.
extra = out + fusus = a spindle; of normal skeletal
muscle fibres other than the intrafusal (q.v.) fibres of the muscle
spindle.
extravasation
L. extra = out + vas = vessel; leakage, e.g., of
urine from urinary tract.
exudate L. ex
= out + sudare = to sweat.
Fabricius of
Aquapendente, Hieronymus. ?1533,1537-1619 Studied under Fallopius;
Padua anatomist; taught William Harvey; described valves in veins;
bursa of F. = peritoneal blind pouch near anus in birds, producing
lymphocytes.
facet F. facette
= a face.
Fallopius, Gabriele.
1523-1563 Ferrara, Pisa & Padua anatomist & botanist;
described accurately the inner ear, ethmoid bone, lacrimal duct,
vagina, placenta; disproved earlier notion that ovarian ligaments
conducted ovum to uterus; Fallopian tube = uterine tube (1561).
fascia (-ae)
L. = a band, bandage; fibrous membrane covering and supporting
muscles, cf. epimysium; hypodermis.
fascia adherens
L. " + adhaerere = to stick to; most
prominent component of the intercalated disc joining two cardiac
muscle muscle cells; resembles zonula adherens of epithelium.
fascicle L.
fasciculus = a little bundle, dim L. facis (fasces
was a symbolic bundle of rod with an axe in the middle); e.g.,
a bundle of nerve fibres, of muscle fibres.
fasciculata adj.
L. " ; e.g., zona fasciculata = middle zone in adrenal
cortex where cells are arranged in columns.
Fast green a
synthetic dye resistant to fading used in histology & cytology.
fenestrated
adj. L. fenestra = window; 1. of an aperture in a cell
membrane (e.g., in a capillary endothelial cell) often closed
by a membrane; 2. of an aperture in an elastic sheet in tunica
media of an artery.
Ferrein,
Antoine. 1692-1769 Paris surgeon & physician. F.'s
processes = medullary rays of kidney.
fibre L. fibra
= fibre (Vesalius, c. 1550); original meaning was a lobe, e.g.,
of lung, liver, or bowels examined for prophecies.
fibril L. fibrilla
= a small fibre (from L. fibra = fibre); subunit of a fibre,
i.e., many fibrils bundle together to form a fibre; cf. microfibril.
fibroblast L.
fibra = fibre + G. blastos = germ; young flat, elongated
cell forming collagen.
fibrocartilage L.
" + cartilago = gristle; a type of cartilage with many
collagen fibres.
fibrocyte L.
" + kytos = a vessel; mature form of the fibroblast, especially
in tendon.
field of view
the circular field seen when looking into an optical device.
filiform L.
filum = a thread + forma = form; hair-like, of thread
of keratin emerging from the apex of a filiform lingual papilla.
fimbria L. =
a fringe; e.g., fimbria at ovarian end of uterine tube; fimbria
of 3rd ventricle of brain.
flavum L. flavus
= yellow (often due to presence of large amount of elastic tissue);
ligamentum flavum of vertebral column.
Flechsig,
Paul Emil. 1847-1929 Leipzig psychiatrist; named pyramidal
tract; nucleus of F. = superior vestibular nucelus; fasciculus
of F. = fasciculus lateralis proprius of spinal cord; F.'s law
of myelination.
flocculus L.
= a little tuft, dim. L. floccus; small lobe beneath each
cerebellar hemisphere.
folium (-ia)
L. = a leaf; 1. folds of cerebellar cortex; 2. leaf-like foliate
papillae of tongue.
follicle L.
folliculus = little bag (dim. of L. follis).
Fontana,
Abbada Felice ?1720,1730-1805. Pisa philosopher; Director,
Florence Museum of Natural Science; F.'s spirals = spiral pattern
of nerves in a peripheral nerve fascicle; spaces of F. = spaces
in the pectinate ligament of the iridocorneal angle of the iris
through which the aqueous humour flows into the scleral venous
canal (of Schlemm).
formalin fixative;
aqueous solution of 37% formaldehyde, possibly with trace amounts
of methanol.
fornix (-ices) L.
= a cellar, a vault, the arch of a vault, a prostitute's cellar
or brothel (hence fornication); conjuctival fornix = recess where
palpebral conjunctiva joins to bulbar conjunctiva; vaginal fornices
= vaults surrounding intravaginal part of cervix; fornix of the
brain = arched bundle of fibres.
fossa (-ae) L.
= a trench or ditch; axillary fossa = armpit; fossa ovalis = opening
in thigh through which saphenous vein passes; fossa ovalis cordis
= remnant of embryonic foramen ovale in heart; navicular fossa,
q.v.
fourchette F.
= fork; fold of mucous membrane at junction of posterior parts
of labia majora.
fovea L. = a
pit or depression.
fovea centralis
L. = central depression; pit in retina which is site of maximum
acuity.
foveola (-ae)
L. = a little pit (dim. of L. fovea).
foveola gastrica
L. = a little pit of the stomach; a gastric pit = a groove
into which several gastric glands drain.
frenulum L.=
a small bridle, dim L. frenum; frenulum linguae (when short
- "tongue-tied").
fundus L. =
bottom, base (as in fundamental); refers to region of organ (e.g.,
stomach, uterus, eye), gland (e.g., gastric glands).
fungiform L.
fungus = mushroom + forma = a shape; of lingual
papillae.
funiculus (-i)
L. = a little cord (dim. L. funis = cord); a cordlike structure
composed of longitudinally oriented fibres, vessels, etc., e.g.,
funiculi of white matter of spinal cord; funiculus spermaticus
= spermatic cord; funiculus umbilicus = umbilical cord
fusiform L.
fusus = spindle + forma = shape; see extrafusal/intrafusal.
Galen,
Claudius? Clarissmus. ?129,130-200,201 AD Rome physician to
Marcus Aurelius; famous early anatomist (however many statements
based on animal dissections); great cerebral vein of Galen; collected
medical works of Galen.
Gallocyanin
a purple synthetic basic dye used to staining nuclei acids.
gamete G. =
a wife, from gamein = to marry; a mature male germ cell
(spermatozoon) or female germ cell (ovum); their union produces
a zygote, q.v.
ganglion (-a,
-ions) G. = knot, swelling; an accumulation of nerve cell
somas outside the central nervous system; also applied to cells
forming optic nerve axons within the central nervous system; also
small synovial swelling under skin.
gap junction
intercellular junction for communication between cells (see nexus).
Gärtner,
Hermann Treschow. 1785-1827 Copenhagen physician & anatomist;
G.'s duct = longitudinal duct of epoöphoron (q.v) = remains
of mesonephric duct.
Gasser, Johann
Ludwig. 1757-1765 Vienna anatomist; Gasserian ganglion
= semilunar ganglion of trigeminal nerve (actually described by
a student of Gasser, Raimund Hirsch, 1765).
gastric adj.
L. gastricus, from G. gaster = stomach, belly; relating
to the stomach.
gastric pit
foveola gastrica, q.v.
gelatine L.
= protein derived by hydrolysis (boiling) of collagen present
in skin, bone and joints.
gemmules L.
gemmula = a little bud; minute processes on dendrites of
a neuron.
genital adj.
L. genitalis = of birth.
Gennari,
Francesco 1750-? Parma anatomist; stria of G. = the distinct
outer stria of Baillarger (q.v.) in the visual part of the cerebral
cortex (1782); hence striate cortex, q.v.
Gerlach,
Joseph von. 1820-1896 Erlangen anatomist; invented method
of injecting cadavers with carmine & gelatine; G.'s tonsil
= tubal tonsil; G.'s valve = a fold of mucosa sometimes seen at
entrance to vermiform appendix; G.'s valvulae = trabecular meshwork
of pectinate ligament.
germinal L.
germen = an offshoot; germinal epithelium of ovary (but
not a source of germ cells!).
germinativum
L. germinare = to sprout; deepest layer or stratum of epidermis
= Malpighian layer.
Gerota, Dumitru.
1867-1939 Roumanian anatomist; G.'s fascia = perirenal
fascia.
gingiva (-ae)
L. = the gum.
Giraldès,
Joachim Albin Cardozo Cazado. 1808-1875 Paris surgeon from
Portugal; died of a wound acquired during an autopsy; organ
of G. (1859) = paradidymis, q.v.
glabella L.
glaber = smooth; space between eyebrows, often devoid of
hair.
glabrous adj.
L. glaber = smooth; of non-hairy skin.
gland L. glandula,
dim of L. glans = an acorn, a pellet; term used to describe
mesenteric lymph nodes (Herophilus, c. 300 BC).
glia G. gloia
= glue; neuroglia is the non-nervous supporting tissue of central
nervous system; gliosis = hyperplasia of astrocytes, q.v.
Glisson, Francis.
1597-1677 Cambridge classicist & physician; described bile
duct and its sphincter (cf. Oddi); G.'s capsule = fibrous capsule
of liver.
glomerulosa
adj. L. = like a little ball; e.g., zona glomerulosa =
superficial zone in adrenal cortex where cells are arranged in
small clusters.
glomerulus (-i)
L. = a little ball, dim. of L. glomus (from L. glomerare
= to roll up, as in conglomerate); renal glomerulus = a cluster
of capillaries in kidney cortex = Malpighian corpuscles; olfactory
glomerulus = a ball of nerve cells and fibres in the olfactory
bulb, where primary olfactory fibres synapse with mitral cells,
q.v.
glomus (-mera)
L. = a ball; cluster or conglomeration of small arteries or arterioles
and nerve fibres, e.g., carotid glomus, at bifurcation of common
carotid; choroidal glomus, at site where choroid plexus enters
inferior horn of lateral ventricle; coccygeal glomus (or body)
= glomus coccyxgeum, associated with median sacral artery at coccyx,
cf. glands of Luschka.
glottis G. =
larynx; now the space between the vocal cords.
glycan G. glykos
= sweet.
glycocalyx G.
" + kalyx = cup; layer like a husk rich in carbohydrates
outside cell plasma membrane.
glycogen G.
" + gennan = to produce; a polysaccharide ("animal starch")
in liver, muscle, etc. yielding glucose on .hydrolysis.
glycosaminoglycan
(abb. GAG) chemical constituent of glycocalyx.
Goethe, Johann
Wolfgang von. 1749-1832 German poet & scientist; G.'s bone
= premaxilla; G.'s theory of vertebral origin of skull; G.'s theory
of colour.
Golgi, Camillo.
1844-1926. Italian histologist; shared Nobel prize in 1906 with
Cajal, q.v.; Golgi apparatus (or G. complex) = an organelle consisting
of a system of cytoplasmic membranes; G. technique = a histological
staining technique for impregnation of single neurons (cf. Cajal);
G. cells of nervous system; G. corpuscle = a sensory receptor
in tendon, tendon; axon collaterals of G; Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles
= corpuscular nerve endings.
Goll, Friedrich.
1829-1903 Zurich pharmacologist; column of G. = funiculus gracilis
of spinal cord (1860).
Gomori, George.
American histochemist 1904- ; trichrome and histochemical stains.
gomphosis G.
gomphos = wedge-shaped nail or bolt used in ship-building;
a peg-in-socket joint (Galen, c. 180 AD); junction of tooth in
alveolar socket.
gonad G. gone
= seed; organs containing germ cells, i.e., ovary and testis.
Gowers, William
Richard (Sir). 1845-1915 London physician & neurologist; tract
of G. = superficial anterolateral fasciculus of spinal cord =
anterolateral spinocerebellar tract.
Graaf, Regnier
de. 1641-1673 Delft physician, anatomist; contemporary of Swammerdam
& Leewenhoek; described corpus luteum; Graafian follicle =
a mature ovarian follicle (1672).
granulosa L.
granulum = little grain; cells around ovarian oocyte.
granulosum L.
" ; referring to granule-containing cells in epidermis.
gray matter parts
of central nervous system where there are relatively fewer myelinated
fibres; central part of spinal cord; cortex of cerebrum and cerebellum;
cf. white matter.
ground substance
colloidal material, with variable viscosity, of the intercellular
spaces of connective tissue; usually homogeneous and scarcely
stainable.
Guérin,
Alphonase F.M. 1816-1895 French surgeon; G.'s valve
= fold of mucous membrane in navicular fossa of urethra.
gyrus G. gyros
= circle, arc; one of the coils or convolutions of cerebral cortex,
separated by sulci or fissures.
H-band abb.
of Hell-band Ge. hell = light + band; also Henle's
band; light band within A-band of the myofibril.
haematocrit
G. haima = blood + krinein = to separate; the proportion
by volume of erythrocytes (packed by centrifugation of a thin
tube containing blood).
Haematoxylin
a basic dye from a South American tree; its oxidation product
haematein is used with mordants for histological staining of nucleic
acids.
haemopoiesis
G. haima = blood + poiein = to make; production
of the cellular elements of blood, in bone marrow, etc. (also
haematopoiesis).
Haller, Albrecht
von. 1708-1777 Göttingen anatomist, surgeon & botanist;
eminent scientist & poet; dissected over 400 cadavers
and wrote extensive anatomical bibliography; ductulus aberrans
of H. = a diverticulum of the canal of the ductus epididymidis;
H.'s layer = vascular lamina of the choroid, q.v.; H.'s rete =
rete testis.
haploid G. haplos
= plain, simple; having the simplest (i.e., single) set of self-contained
chromosomes in germ cells; cf. diploid.
Hartmann, Robert.
1831-1893 German anatomist; H.'s pouch = outpouching of gall bladder
near its junction with cystic duct.
Hassall, Arthur
Hill. 1817-1894 London chemist, botanist & physician; H.'s
corpuscles = concentrically laminated corpuscles of thymus (1846).
haustrum (-a)
L. haurire = to draw water in a bucket; sacculated pouches
of colon.
Havers, Clopton.
?1655,1657-1702 London physician & anatomist; Haversian canals
= minute vascular canals in compact bone (1691); Haversian glands
= pads, folds or fringes containing fat in a synovial membrane
(1691); Haversian lamellae = bony lamellae in an osteon (1691);
Haversian system = an osteon (1691), q.v.; cf. Leeuwenhoek's canals.
Heidenhain,
Martin. 1864-1949 Tübingen pathologist & histologist;
H.'s azan = a histological dye; H.'s crescent cells = serous demilunes.
Heidenhain,
Rudolph Peter Heinrich. 1834-1897 Breslau physiologist & histologist;
described gastric parietal cells.
Heister, Lorenz.
1638-1758 Altdorf anatomist, surgeon & botanist; Helmstädt
surgeon & botanist; H.'s valve = spiral folds of cystic
duct.
helicine adj.
G. helix = coil, snail; e.g, helicine arteries of ovarian
medulla, penis, etc.
helicotrema
G. " + trema = a hole; union of scala tympani and scala
vestibuli at apex of cochlear canal.
hemidesmosome
G. hemi = half + desmosome; found in cells of basal stratum
of stratified epithelia.
Henle, Freidrich
Gustav Jacob. 1809-1885 Zurich, Heidelberg & Göttingen
anatomist; loop of H. = ansa nephronis (q.v.) of renal tubule
(1866); endoneurium; H.'s layer = outer layer of cells of inner
root sheath of hair follicle.
Hensen, Victor.
1835-1924 Kiel physiologist & embryologist; H.'s duct = ductus
reuniens of membranous labyrinth; H.'s knot (or node) of embryonic
disc; H.'s line = light band in middle of dark band of sarcomere
= H-band, q.v.
hepatocyte G.
hepar = liver + kytos = hollow vessel; liver parenchymal
cell.
Herring, Percy
T. 1872-1967 St. Andrews physiologist; H. bodies = axonal varicosities
containing granules of neurophysins (q.v.) in pars nervosa of
hypophysis.
heterochromatin
G. heteros = other + chromatin; other than euchromatin.
Highmore,
Nathaniel. 1613-1685 Dorsetshire physician; body of
Highmore = mediastinum testis (1651).
hilum or hilus
(-a) L. = a trifle; depression in a seed; a depression
at vascular entrance/exit of a gland or organ.
hircus (-ci) L.
= a he-goat; hair of arm-pits which had a goat-like smell; tragus
of pinna with its tuft of goat's-beard-like hairs.
His, Wilhelm
(the elder). 1831-1904 Basle, Leipzig anatomist; copula of H.
= bond joining ventral ends of third pharyngeal arches in embryo
(1880).
His, Wilhelm
(the younger). 1863-1934 Leipzig, Basle, Göttingen
& Berlin anatomist; bundle of H. = atrioventricular
bundle of conducting tissue in heart (1893).
histiocyte
a macrophage, q.v.
histochemistry G.
histos = web, tissue + chemeia = chemistry; application
of specific chemical reagents to a histological section to reveal
the location (topography) of natural substances within the various
tissues of the section; cf. cytochemistry.
histology G.
histos = web, woven material, sail of a ship + logos
= knowledge, study; microscopic anatomy, as opposed to macroscopic
anatomy.
Hoboken, Nicolas
van. 1632-1678 Harderwyck anatomist; valves of H. = internal valve-like
folds of umbilical vessels.
holocrine G.
holos = entire + krinein = to separate; a type of
secretion where entire cell forms the secretory product, as in
sebaceous glands.
Hooke, Robert.
1635-1703 English scientist; skilled in use of compound microscope;
described cells in cork.
Howship John,
1781-1841, English surgeon; H.'s lacunae or foveolae= small depressions
in bone where resporption of bone by osteoclasts takes place.
humour L. umor
= a fluid; aqueous humour and vitreous humour of the eye.
Huxley, Thomas
Henry. 1825-1895 English anatomist & naturalist; H.'s layer
= the layer of cells lying inside Henle's layer (q.v.) in root-sheath
of hair follicle,
hyaline adj.
G. hyalos = glassy, translucent, crystalline; hyaline cartilage
with its glassy appearance.
hyaloid adj.
G. " + -oeides = form of.
hyaluronidase
testicular enzyme, present in semen, depolymerises hyaluronic
acid of ground substance.
hydatid G. hydatis
= watery vesicle; a cyst; e.g., appendix testis is the hydatid
of Morgagni.
hydroxyapatite crystalline,
inorganic component of matrix of mature bone.
hymen G. = a
membrane, also Greek god of marriage; membrane partially covering
entrance to vagina (Vesalius, c. 1550).
hyperplasia
G. hyper = above, an excess of + plassein = to form;
growth of organ due to increase in cell number.
hypertrophy
G. " + trophe = nourishment; growth of organ or tissue
(e.g., muscle) due to increase in cell size.
hypodermis G.
hypo = under, a lack of + dermis; subcutaneous connective
tissue = superficial fascia.
hyponychium
G. " + onyx = nail; thickened stratum corneum under the
free end of a nail.
hypophysis G.
= an undergrowth; pituitary gland under the brain; cf. epiphysis.
hypoplasia G.
" + plassein = to form; reduction in tissue or organ size.
hypothalamus G.
" + thalamus; below the thalamus, q.v.
|