Return to 1,1-Difluoroethane
Adverse Effects
ACTIVITY: Propellent,
US EPA List 2 Inert
Structure:
Adverse
Effects:
Blood
Heart
Kidney
Mutagenic |
Regulatory
Information
(only comprehensive for the US) |
US
EPA Registered: |
Yes
List 2 Inert |
California
Chemical Code |
2599 |
Other
Information |
Manufacturers: |
DuPont |
Other
Names: |
R
152A
ALGOFRENE TYPE 67
DIFLUOROETHANE
ETHANE, 1,1-DIFLUORO-
ETHYLENE FLUORIDE
ETHYLIDENE DIFLUORIDE
ETHYLIDENE FLUORIDE
FC 152A
FREON 152A
GENETRON 100
GENETRON 152A
HCFC-152a
Refrigerant 152a |
Of
special interest: |
IRIS
- Integrated Risk Information System -
US EPA, May 1998 |
See
profile at Hazardous Substances Data Bank at
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/
- Search HSDB for 75-37-6. |
US
EPA List of Inerts. This
substance is on List
2
Note:
US EPA allows so-called "Inert" ingredients to be commonly
mixed with the "active" pesticidal ingredient to
create a formulated pesticide product. According
to EPA, "The term `inert' is not intended to imply
nontoxicity; the ingredient may or may not be chemically active."
"Inert" ingredients include solvents, emulsifiers,
spreaders, and other substances mixed into pesticide products
to increase the effectiveness of the active ingredients, make
the product easier to apply, or to allow several active ingredients
to mix in one solution. Both US EPA and California Department
of Pesticide Regulation require pesticide manufacturers to
identify inert ingredients in their products but do not disclose
this information to the general public because the pesticide
industry considers product formulations trade secrets, protected
by law and by the US EPA. The US EPA category of Inerts (as
of September 2003):
List
1 - Of Toxicological Concern
List 2 -
Potentially Toxic / High Priority for Testing
List
3 - Of Unknown Toxicity
List 4A - Generally Regarded as Safe
List 4B - EPA states it has Sufficient Information to Reasonably
Conclude that the Current Use Pattern in Pesticide Products
will not Adversely Affect Public Health or the Environment
List 4 (all)
See
good report: Toxic
Secrets": "Inert" Ingredients in Pesticides
1987-1997, published by Northwest
Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides. |
Estimated
Numbers of Employees Potentially Exposed to Specific Agents
by 2-Digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)*
|
SIC |
Industry
Description (1972) |
Total
# Employees
(Male & Female) |
Total
# Female
Employees |
07 |
AGRICULTURAL
SERVICES |
1,838 |
1,608 |
17 |
SPECIAL
TRADE CONTRACTORS |
1,436 |
|
28 |
CHEMICALS
AND ALLIED PRODUCTS |
100 |
67 |
35 |
MACHINERY,
EXCEPT ELECTRICAL |
637 |
124 |
36 |
ELECTRIC
AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT |
132 |
|
37 |
TRANSPORTATION
EQUIPMENT |
9 |
9 |
80 |
HEALTH
SERVICES |
128,683 |
114,357 |
TOTAL |
132,833 |
116,164 |
*(1)
By survey design, not all 2-digit SICs were surveyed. (2)
The estimates for each 2-digit SIC apply only to the 3-
and 4-digit SICs surveyed within the 2-digit SIC. Not all
SICs were surveyed. (3) When using
the estimates, standard errors
associated with estimates should be considered. (4)
Potential exposures to a chemical agent are categorized as actual
(i.e., the surveyor observed the use of the specific agent)
or tradename (i.e., the surveyor observed the use of a tradename
product known to contain the specific agent). The estimates
presented in the table combine both categories. |
|