1,1-Difluoroethane (Freon 152A)
CAS No. 75-37-6
 
 

Return to 1,1-Difluoroethane Adverse Effects

ACTIVITY: Propellent, US EPA List 2 Inert

Structure:

Adverse Effects:

Blood
Heart

Kidney
Mutagenic

Regulatory Information
(only comprehensive for the US)
US EPA Registered: Yes
List 2 Inert 
California Chemical Code 2599 
Other Information
Manufacturers: DuPont 
Other Names: R 152A
ALGOFRENE TYPE 67
DIFLUOROETHANE
ETHANE, 1,1-DIFLUORO-
ETHYLENE FLUORIDE
ETHYLIDENE DIFLUORIDE
ETHYLIDENE FLUORIDE
FC 152A
FREON 152A
GENETRON 100
GENETRON 152A
HCFC-152a
Refrigerant 152a
Of special interest:
IRIS - Integrated Risk Information System - US EPA, May 1998 
See profile at Hazardous Substances Data Bank at http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/ - Search HSDB for 75-37-6.

US EPA List of Inerts. This substance is on List 2

Note: US EPA allows so-called "Inert" ingredients to be commonly mixed with the "active" pesticidal ingredient to create a formulated pesticide product. According to EPA, "The term `inert' is not intended to imply nontoxicity; the ingredient may or may not be chemically active." "Inert" ingredients include solvents, emulsifiers, spreaders, and other substances mixed into pesticide products to increase the effectiveness of the active ingredients, make the product easier to apply, or to allow several active ingredients to mix in one solution. Both US EPA and California Department of Pesticide Regulation require pesticide manufacturers to identify inert ingredients in their products but do not disclose this information to the general public because the pesticide industry considers product formulations trade secrets, protected by law and by the US EPA. The US EPA category of Inerts (as of September 2003):

List 1 - Of Toxicological Concern
List 2 - Potentially Toxic / High Priority for Testing
List 3 - Of Unknown Toxicity
List 4A - Generally Regarded as Safe
List 4B - EPA states it has Sufficient Information to Reasonably Conclude that the Current Use Pattern in Pesticide Products will not Adversely Affect Public Health or the Environment
List 4 (all)


See good report: Toxic Secrets": "Inert" Ingredients in Pesticides 1987-1997, published by Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides.

 

From: http://www.cdc.gov/noes/noes1/82202sic.html
National Occupational Exposure Survey (1981 - 1983)

Estimated Numbers of Employees Potentially Exposed to Specific Agents
by 2-Digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)*

SIC Industry Description (1972) Total # Employees
(Male & Female)
Total # Female
Employees
07 AGRICULTURAL SERVICES 1,838 1,608
17 SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS 1,436  
28 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS 100 67
35 MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL 637 124
36 ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT 132  
37 TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT 9 9
80 HEALTH SERVICES 128,683 114,357
TOTAL 132,833 116,164
*(1) By survey design, not all 2-digit SICs were surveyed. (2) The estimates for each 2-digit SIC apply only to the 3- and 4-digit SICs surveyed within the 2-digit SIC. Not all SICs were surveyed. (3) When using the estimates, standard errors associated with estimates should be considered. (4) Potential exposures to a chemical agent are categorized as actual (i.e., the surveyor observed the use of the specific agent) or tradename (i.e., the surveyor observed the use of a tradename product known to contain the specific agent). The estimates presented in the table combine both categories.

US Federal Register
Date Published Docket Identification Number Details
April 28, 2004 OPP-2003-0368 Pesticides; Tolerance Exemptions for Active and Inert Ingredients for Use in Antimicrobial Formulations (Food-Contact Surface Sanitizing Solutions). FINAL RULE.
-- Aerosol propellant. For aerosol pesticide formulations used for insect control in food- and feed-handling establishments and animals - used in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest; and in pesticide formulations applied to animals.
June 21, 2001 RSPA-2000-7702 (HM-215D) Hazardous Materials Regulations for Fluoride/fluorinated substances. Harmonization of international shipment of Dangerous Goods. Final Rule.
June 24, 1998 OPP- 36192 LIST 2 Inert; Ingredient in Pesticide Products.
July 29, 1996 PP 5E04443/R2258

DuPONT - Tolerance Exemption for INERT ingredient. Final Rule.

June 4, 1996 PP 5E04443/ P659

DuPONT - Proposed Exemption from Tolerance.

 

 
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