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Fluoridation & Informed Consent
 
Fluoride Action Network

July 10, 2001

Fluoridation vs. Informed Consent

by Michael Connett

One of the problems with fluoridation of public water is that it violates a key tenet of medical ethics - the principle of informed consent.

Informed consent, according to the University of Washington's School of Medicine,

"is the process by which a fully informed patient can participate in choices about her health care. It originates from the legal and ethical right the patient has to direct what happens to her body and from the ethical duty of the physician to involve the patient in her health care."

With water fluoridation, however, entire communities are being forced to take a medicine, whether they want it or not. "The voluntary consent of the human subject" which the writers of the Nuremberg Code saw as "absolutely essential" to protect citizens against medical abuse, is unfortunately not seen as essential in the case of fluoridation.

In the case of fluoridation, a person has the de facto right to force their neighbor to take a particular medication, regardless of whether that neighbor wishes to take it. For instance, when 52% of San Antonians voted "yes" to fluoridation, the 48% of San Antonians who voted "no" consequently lost their right to informed consent. (As it stands today, nearly half of San Antonio's population will be denied the right "to participate in choices about [their] health care" and denied the right "to direct what happens to [their] body.") The situation in San Antonio is by no means unique.

Promoters of water fluoridation praise it as being the best means to "maximize patient compliance" (Brunelle & Carlos, 1990, pg. 727); but in so doing they forget that communities or city councils should not be in a position to enforce "patient compliance" on anyone. Especially when such an inexpensive alternative (fluoridated toothpaste) is so readily available for those who want fluoride. And even more so when such alternatives (fluoridated toothpaste) apply the fluoride topically to the teeth. (According to the CDC, fluoride's benefits "primarily are topical.")

In their defense of adding medicine to public water supplies, fluoridation promoters often make the argument that fluoride is not a medicine, that it is simply a beneficial nutrient.

If this were the case, however, people would not need a prescription in order to receive a fluoride supplement. As it currently stands, if one wishes to receive a 1 milligram dose of fluoride every day via a pill (which is the dose of fluoride that fluoridation is intended to deliver) one needs to receive a prescription by a doctor or dentist. However, if one receives 1 milligram of fluoride a day through their drinking water (where dose-control is far worse than with a pill) no prescription is required.

Such an act of turning the water supply into a prescription drug, where no prescription is required, is not something which should be taken lightly - as noted recently by last years Nobel Laureate in Medicine, Dr. Arvid Carlsson.

Fluoride supplements come with detailed instructions and warnings concerning how the patient should use the drug and what side effects to look out for (see below). When reviewing these instructions and warnings, the discrepancy in medical standards and care that exists between city council's adding fluoride to everyone's water - versus a doctor making individualized prescriptions to individual patients, becomes clear.

As Dr. Peter Mansfield, Director of Templegarth Trust, has stated:

"No physician in his right senses would prescribe for a person he has never met, whose medical history he does not know, a substance which is intended to create bodily change, with the advice: 'Take as much as you like, but you will take it for the rest of your life because some children suffer from tooth decay. ' It is a preposterous notion."

Mansfield's view - that it is inappropriate to use the water supply as a vehicle with which to deliver medicine to a portion of the community - is a view that is shared by the vast majority of western Europe, with countries such as France, Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden, Denmark, and Austria rejecting fluoridation decades ago, in large part, due to the problems of "compulsion medication." (Read recent letters from these government's explaining their position.)

Unfortunately, however, the ever obvious fact that fluoridation undermines people's right to consent is all but ignored by the US dental/medical community.


Excerpts from medical instructions for drugs designed to deliver 1 Mg of Fluoride per day.


Sodium Fluoride (Systemic)


http://my.webmd.com/content/asset/uspdi.202527


http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/sodium
fluoridesystemic202527.html

Brand Names:

In the U.S. -- Fluoritab, Fluorodex, Flura, Flura-Drops, Flura-Loz, Karidium, Luride, Luride Lozi-Tabs, Luride-SF Lozi-Tabs, Pediaflor, Pharmaflur, Pharmaflur 1.1, Pharmaflur df, Phos-Flur

In Canada
-- Flozenges, Fluor-A-Day, Fluoritabs, Fluorosol, Karidium, PDF, Pedi-Dent, Solu-Flur

Before Using This Medicine

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your health care professional will make. For sodium fluoride, the following should be considered:

Allergies --Tell your health care professional if you are allergic to any other substances, such as foods, preservatives, or dyes...

Children --Problems in children have not been reported with intake of normal daily recommended amounts. Doses of sodium fluoride that are too large or are taken for a long time may cause bone problems and teeth discoloration in children.

Older adults --Problems in older adults have not been reported with intake of normal daily recommended amounts. Older people are more likely to have joint pain, kidney problems, or stomach ulcers which may be made worse by taking large doses of sodium fluoride. You should check with your health care professional.

Other medical problems --The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of sodium fluoride. Make sure you tell your health care professional if you have any other medical problems, especially:

* Brown, white, or black discoloration of teeth or
* Joint pain or
* Kidney problems (severe) or
* Stomach ulcer

--Sodium fluoride may make these conditions worse

Proper Use of This Medicine


Take this medicine only as directed by your health care professional .
Do not take more of it and do not take it more often than ordered. Taking too much fluoride over a period of time may cause unwanted effects.

Side Effects of This Medicine


Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your health care professional as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:

Sores in mouth and on lips (rare)...


Check with your health care professional as soon as possible if the following side effects occur, as some may be early
symptoms of possible chronic overdose:

Pain and aching of bones; stiffness;
white, brown, or black discoloration of teeth--occur only during periods of tooth development in children

Other side effects not listed above may also occur in some individuals. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.


MULTIVIDREN-F SOFTAB Tablets
(fluoride with multivitamins)

Physicians' Desk Reference - 1993, pg. 2376



CONTRADINDICATIONS


Patients living in areas where the drinking water is fluoridated at a concentration of greater than 0.7 ppm and those persons with a known sensitivity to fluoride ***should not take*** MULTIVIDREN-F.

ADVERSE REACTIONS


In hypersensitive individuals, fluorides occasionally cause skin eruptions such as atopic dermatitis, eczema or urticaria. Gastric distress, headache and weakness have also been reported. These hypersensitivity reactions usually disappear promptly after discontinuation of the fluoride. In rare cases, a delay in the eruption of teeth has been reported.




http://www.harcourthealth.com/genrxfree/Top_200_
1999/Drugs/n2244.HTM

Sodium Fluoride

Brand Name: Luride Pediaflor

Side Effects

Tell your doctor about any side effects that happen to you.

Expected Side Effects

* Trouble with bowel movements
* Feeling sick to your stomach

* Increase in amount of saliva

Rare/Severe Side Effects


* Tooth problems

Seek immediate medical attention if any of these side effects happen to you.


* Vomiting

Do take this medicine exactly as your doctor tells you to.


Do

* Do take this medicine exactly as your doctor tells you to.

* Do talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions or concerns about this medicine.
* Do tell your doctor if you have had a reaction to this medicine or any other medicine.


Don't

* Don't take more than one dose at a time.
* Don't increase the amount of the dose unless directed by your doctor.


Medication instructions for
SODIUM FLUORIDE

Department of Veteran Affairs
www.va.gov/visn10/CincyMedSheets/SodiumFluoride.htm

POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF THIS MEDICINE
Stop taking this medicine and tell your doctor or dentist right away if you notice any of these possible side effects...

Pain or aching of bones; stiffness; white, brown, or black discoloration of teeth

 

 

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