HEALTH EFFECTS DATABASE

• Overview Page
• Glossary of Terms
• Bibliography
• Newsletter
• Useful Links

FLUORIDE & DENTAL FLUOROSIS - - back to top

• Overview Page
• Dental Fluorosis Classification Criteria
• Mild Forms of Dental Fluorosis
• Moderate to Severe Dental Fluorosis
• Perception and Psychological Impact of Dental Fluorosis
• Dental Fluorosis & Elevated Fluoride
• Exposure as a Cause of Tooth Decay
• Biology of Dental Fluorosis

FLUORIDE & TOOTH DECAY - - back to top

• Overview Page
• "Universal Decline of Tooth Decay" Irrespective of Water Fluoridation
• Topical Vs. Systemic Effects
• Fluoride's Impact on Smooth Tooth Surfaces vs Pit & Fissures
• Water Fluoridation & Tooth Decay (Caries)
• Fluoridation Cessation Studies
• Water Fluoridation & Poverty

FLUORIDE & the BRAIN - - back to top

• Overview Page
• Human Studies: Fluoride's Impact on IQ
• Human Studies: Fluoride's Impact on the Developing Brain (Fetuses/Infants)
• Human Studies: Fluoride's Impact on the Adult Brain
• Animal Studies: Fluoride's Impact on Brain (Behavior/ Learning/ Memory)
• Animal Studies: Fluoride's Impact on Brain

INFANT FLUORIDE WARNINGS -- back to top

• Overview Page
• Fluoride Supplementation No Longer Recommend for Newborns
• Recommendations from Dental Researchers
• Breast-fed infants protected from fluoride
• Formula-fed babies receive 100-200 times more fluoride than breast-fed babies
• High Fluoride Exposure During Infancy - A 20th Century Phenomena
• Infants have impaired ability to excrete fluoride
• Formula made with fluoridated water a risk factor for dental fluorosis
• Is dental fluorosis just a 'cosmetic effect'?

FLUORIDE & ARTHRITIS - - back to top

• Overview Page
• Fluoride & Osteoarthritis
• Fluoride & Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Fluoride & DISH (Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis)
• Fluoride & Spondylosis/Spondylitis

FLUORIDE & BONE - - back to top

A) Fluoride & Bone Fracture:

• Overview Page
• Fluoride & Bone Strength
• Epidemiology on Fluoride & Bone Fracture
• Fluoride-Induced Bone Fractures in Human Clinical Trials
• Mechanisms by which fluoride may reduce bone strength

B) Fluoride & Bone Density:

• Overview Page
• Fluoride's Differential Effect on Bone Density
• Fluoride-induced Increase in Bone Density: Not associated with Increased Strength
• Fluoride & Bone Density: Epidemiology

C) Skeletal Fluorosis:

• Overview Page
• The Difficulty of Diagnosis
• "Pre-skeletal" Fluorosis
• X-Ray Diagnosis of Skeletal Fluorosis
• Skeletal Fluorosis in the U.S.
• Skeletal Fluorosis in India & its Relevance to the West
• High Individual Variability in Skeletal Response to Fluoride
• Factors which may increase susceptibility to fluorosis
• Variability in Radiographic Appearance of Fluorosis
• Variable Length of Exposure Producing Fluorosis
• Estimated "Threshold" Doses for Skeletal Fluorosis
• Water Fluoride Levels Associated with Skeletal Fluorosis
• Fluoridation, Dialysis, & Osteomalacia
• Fluoride & Renal Osteodystrophy
• Fluoride & Osteomalacia
• Fluoride & Rickets
• Fluoride & Osteoid
• Fluoride & Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
• Fluoride & Osteopetrosis
• Fluoride & Spinal Cord Compression
• Crippling Skeletal Fluorosis

D) Fluoride & Bone Cells:

• Overview Page
• Fluoride & Osteoblasts
• Fluoride & Osteocytes

FLUORIDE & CANCER - - back to top

• Overview Page
• Fluoride & Mutagenicity
• Fluoride & Osteosarcoma
• Fluoride & Osteosarcoma Timeline
• NTP Bioassay on Fluoride/Cancer (1990)
• Fluoride & Liver Tumors in NTP Fluoride/Cancer Study
• Interview with Dr. William Marcus (EPA)
• Dr. William Marcus' Internal Memo
• Interview with Dr. William Hirzy (EPA)

FLUORIDE & ALLERGY/HYPERSENSITIVITY - - back to top

• Overview Page
• Allergic/Hypersensitive Reactions to Topical Fluorides
• Allergic/Hypersensitive Reactions to Systemic Fluorides

FLUORIDE & the KIDNEYS - - back to top

• Overview Page
• Kidney patients at increased risk of fluoride poisoning
• Similarities between fluorosis and bone disease found among kidney patients
• Kidney disease in humans with skeletal fluorosis
• Kidney damage in humans exposed to peak levels of fluoride during anesthesia
• Kidney damage in fluoride-exposed animals (1 ppm)
• Kidney damage in fluoride-exposed animals (5 ppm)
• Kidney damage in fluoride-exposed animals (10 ppm)
• Kidney damage in fluoride-exposed animals (>10 ppm)

FLUORIDE & the THYROID - - back to top

• Overview Page
• Health Warning: The thyroid and fluoride

FLUORIDE & the PINEAL GLAND - - back to top

• Overview Page
• Accumulation of F in Soft Tissue of Gland
• Accumulation of F in Hard Tissue of Gland
• Analagous to Dental Fluorosis?
• Earlier Puberty in Animals
• Earlier Puberty in Humans?
• Mechanism of Action

FLUORIDE & GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT - - back to top

• Overview Page
• Early Symptoms of Acute Toxicity
• Gastric Symptoms Among Hypersensitive at 1 mg
• Gastric Symptoms Among Hypersensitive at 5-9 mg
• Damage to Gastric Mucosa in Human Clinical Trials
• Gastric Symptoms in Human Clinical Trials
• Gastric Symptoms in Humans with Skeletal Fluorosis

FLUORIDE & the REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM - - back to top

• Overview Page
• Human Studies
• Animal Studies

FLUORIDE ACCIDENTS & POISONINGS - - back to top

• Overview Page
• Minimum Dose Producing Acute Toxicity
• Estimated Minimum Lethal Dose
• Examples of Acute Poisoning from Water Fluoridation

RESPIRATORY RISKS from FLUORIDE INHALATION - - back to top

• Epidemiologic Studies of Industrial Workers
• Controlled Human Experiments
• Animal Experiments
• Fluoride Enhances Toxicity of Beryllium

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