Fluoride & Bone Cells:

1) Fluoride & Osteoblasts
2) Fluoride & Osteocytes
3) Fluoride & Osteoclasts
4) Fluoride & Bone Resorption
5) Fluoride & Bone Remodeling

Fluoride & Bone Cells - Notable Quotes:

"The changes which occur in chronic fluorosis, such as mottling of teeth and skeletal effects, are probably secondary to cellular disfunction, caused by toxic levels of fluoride in the vicinity of the cells. This interference of cell function may be related to inhibitory effects of fluoride on specific enzyme systems."
SOURCE: Cimasoni G. (1970). Fluoride and enzymes. In: TL Vischer, ed. (1970). Fluoride in Medicine. Hans Huber, Bern. pp. 14-26.

"At a certain level of fluorine intake the metabolism of the bone tissue is altered and the balance between osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity may be upset."
SOURCE: Rockert H. (1963). X-ray absorption and x-ray fluorescence micro-analysis of mineralized tissue of rats which have ingested fluoridated water. Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica 59: 32-38.

"It was concluded that the observed changes cannot be explained by F induced changes in a single cell. Fluoride appears to affect all cells involved in remodeling by direct or indirect mechanisms."
SOURCE: Kragstrup J, et al. (1989). Effects of fluoride on cortical bone remodeling in the growing domestic pig. Bone 10:421-424.

"because fluoride injures all of the cells involved in bone formation and degradation, it is not surprising that a poor quality of bone accumulates in patients treated with fluoride."
SOURCE: Krook L, Minor RR. (1998). Fluoride and alkaline phosphatase. Fluoride 31: 177-182.