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Abstracts on Phosphate Fertilizers that cite effects of fluorine
The majority of the following abstracts were located at PubMed
Environ Monit Assess 2003 Mar;82(3):311-20
Spatial patterns of nitrate, chloride, sulfate, and fluoride concentrations in the Woodbine Aquifer of north-central Texas.
Hudak PF, Sanmanee S.
Department of Geography and Environmental Science Program, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA. hudak@unt.edu
A geographic information system was used to map and analyze nitrate, chloride, sulfate, and fluoride concentrations in 110 wells tapping the Woodbine Aquifer. The study area, covering nine counties in north-central Texas, includes large percentages of both urban and agricultural land uses. Land use maps were compared with solute concentration data, and statistics were applied to detect associations between solutes, well depth, and land use. Anthropogenic sources such as fertilizer applications and natural sources such as gypsum, lignite, and clay deposits controlled nitrate, chloride, and sulfate concentrations, each inversely correlated with well depth. However, only one nitrate observation--from a shallow well in the aquifer's outcrop zone--surpassed the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 44.3 mg L(-1). By comparison, nearly half of the sulfate and several of the chloride observations surpassed the MCL of 250 mg L(-1) for each of those ions. Volcanic ash deposits influenced fluoride concentrations, which directly correlated with well depth. There were no statistically significant associations between solute concentrations and land use. Low recharge rates and confining layers have mitigated anthropogenic impacts on solute levels in the aquifer.
PMID: 12602633 [PubMed - in process]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12597569&dopt=AbstractJ Environ Biol 2002 Jul;23(3):265-9
Retarding fluoride accumulation in Amaranthes viridis through liming and implications of phosphorous treatment.
Stanley VA, Shaleesha A, Murthy PB, Pillai KS.
Department of Toxicology, Fredrick Institute of Plant Protection and Toxicology, Padappai 601 301, India.
With an objective to retard fluoride being taken up by the plants from soil, a study was carried out on Amaranthes viridis. Four groups of treatment were carried out vis-a-vis fluoride alone, fluoride and calcium, fluoride and phosphorous and fluoride, calcium and phosphorous together at three different concentration levels vis-a-vis 1, 10 and 25 mg/kg soil of each. Sampling was carried out first on day 45 and at the end of reproductive phase on leaf and seed for accumulation of fluoride in the plants. It was observed that fluoride accumulation in plants could be averted through soil amendment by calcium treatment in the form of calcium carbonate thereby reducing the risk of human and livestock exposure to abnormal levels of fluoride through food chain other than protecting plants from getting affected. At the same time, fertilizing the soil contaminated with fluoride by superphosphate would aggravate fluoride accumulation and exacerbate fluorosis problem in human and livestock through food chain. Therefore it is recommended to use acid water-soluble orthophosphate or anhydrous dicalcium phosphate or soluble pyrophosphate fertilizers as an alternative.
PMID: 12597569 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11706800&dopt=AbstractEnviron Pollut 2001;115(2):275-82
Fluoride accumulation in pasture forages and soils following long-term applications of phosphorus fertilisers.
Loganathan P, Hedley MJ, Wallace GC, Roberts AH.
Fertilizer and Lime Research Center, Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. p.loganathan@massey.ac.nz
Ingestion of soils with high fluoride (F) concentration may cause chronic fluorosis in grazing animals. Analysis of New Zealand pasture soils with long-term phosphorus (P) fertilisation histories showed that total surface soil (0-75 mm depth) F concentration increased up to 217-454 mg kg-1 with P fertiliser application. One-third to two-thirds of F applied in fertilisers resides in the top 75 mm soil depth. Pasture forage accumulation of F was low, and therefore, F intake by grazing animals through pasture consumption is expected to be much lower than F intake by soil ingestion. Ten annual applications of single superphosphate (30 and 60 kg P ha-1 year-1) to a Pallic Soil (Aeric Fragiaqualf) significantly increased total F and labile F (0.01 M CaCl2 extract) concentrations to 200 and 120 mm depths, respectively, of the 300 mm depth investigated. The mobility of F in the soil profile was similar to two other elements, P and cadmium derived from the fertiliser.
PMID: 11706800 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11291438&dopt=AbstractEnviron Pollut 2001;112(3):321-7
Effects of alkaline dust deposits from phosphate fertilizer production on microbial biomass and enzyme activities in grassland soils.
Langer U, Gunther T.
Biologisch-Pharmazeutische Fakultat, Institut fur Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena, Philosophenweg 12, D-07743 Jena, Germany. uwe.langer@uni-jena.de
Microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and soil enzyme activities were measured at 12 sites along a gradient of former emissions of phosphate fertilizer production. Seven years after close down of operation, still moderate to high total concentrations of the dust constituents cadmium (up to 33 mg kg-1 dw), fluoride (5300 mg kg-1 dw) and phosphorous (120,000 mg kg-1 dw) were found in topsoils of contaminated sites. Accumulation of partially decomposed plant matter, soil respiration and dehydrogenase activity paralleled the increase of dust deposits, whereas microbial biomass decreased along the gradient. A significant negative correlation was obtained between the Cmic-to-Corg-ratio and the concentration of contaminants. In contrast, the Cmic-specific respiration (qCO2) and the dehydrogenase activity-to-Cmic-ratio were positively correlated. The low Cmic-values and the enhanced activities in the contaminated soils are suggested as a response of microbial communities to environmental stress or ecosystem disturbances. The apparently missing detrimental effects of the alkaline deposits on soil microbial activities are probably due to the low bioavailability of contaminants in the calcareous soil.
PMID: 11291438 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10843338&dopt=AbstractSci Total Environ 2000 May 15;253(1-3):145-50
Industrial fluorosis in cattle and buffalo around Udaipur, India.
Patra RC, Dwivedi SK, Bhardwaj B, Swarup D.
Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, U.P.
Signs of dental discolouration, difficulty in mastication, bony lesions, lameness, debility and mortality in domesticated animals, reared around superphosphate fertiliser plants located approximately 15 km north of Udaipur, Rajasthan prompted us to investigate for the occurrence of fluorosis. Out of 166 animals clinically examined, the prevalence rate was 17.4% (4/23) in calves below 1 year of age, 37.2% (16/43) in cattle between 1 and 3 years, 61.3% (46/75) in cattle above 3 years and 72% (18/25) in buffalo above 1 year. Dental fluorosis was common in buffalo compared to cattle of all the age groups. Fluoride levels in fodder and water, consumed by the animals were much higher than the recommended permissible limit. Mean fluoride concentrations in serum and urine were 1.53 +/- 1.27 and 26.4 +/- 6.17 mg l(-1) in calves below 1 year of age, 0.56 +/- 0.17 and 26.2 +/- 3.86 mg l(-1) in cattle of 1-3 years, 0.49 +/- 1.13 and 27.5 +/- 4.63 mg l(-1) in cattle above 3 years and 0.60 +/- 0.07 and 28.6 +/- 4.73 mg l(-1) in buffalo over 1 year, respectively. The values were significantly (P < 0.01) higher than those of control animals kept over a 15-km distance from the factories. Fluoride concentrations in the environmental sample collected from the affected locality were 534.4 +/- 74.9 mg kg(-1) in fodder, 1.19 +/- 0.29 mg l(-1) in pond water and 0.479 +/- 0.351 mg l(-1) in tube well water. It was concluded that the consumption of fodder and water contaminated by the fumes and dusts emitting from superphosphate fertiliser plants resulted in the development of chronic fluorotic lesions in cattle and buffalo.
PMID: 10843338 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10702345&dopt=AbstractEcotoxicol Environ Saf 2000 Mar;45(3):260-5
Cellular method for evaluation of noxiousness of inorganic pollutants in industrial wastes: calculation of a safety index for monitoring sludge discharge.
Delmas F, Villaescusa I, Woo NY, Soleilhavoup JP, Murat JC.
Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Pollution, Faculte de Medecine, Universite Paul Sabatier, 37 allees Jules Guesde, Toulouse, 31073, France.
This article deals with a biological test of safety applicable to industrial wastes. The test is based on the measurement of the growth rate of cultured human cells exposed to waste samples with different dilutions. As a first approach, 15 chemicals in which discharge concentrations are submitted to sanitary regulations were tested one by one. For Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Ag, Co, Mg, sulfates, and fluorides, it was possible to detect concentrations that are below the allowed limit. For Hg, Al, As(V), Cr(III), Fe, and Pb, the concentrations that affect cell growth are higher than the allowed limit. Tests were also performed using actual samples (liquid effluent from a laundry and sludge from waste-water treatment plants). Results indicate that, in contrast to chemical analyses, the current biological test has the advantage of providing an indication of global toxicity, integrating all substances and factors that can be harmful to life processes. From the sludge data and the observed threshold of concentration that does not affect cell growth, a numeric safety index has been calculated which indicates the amount of sludge that could be dispersed, as a fertilizer, per hectare of agricultural soil. Such an index could be conveniently used for designing sewage sludge disposal strategies. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
PMID: 10702345 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9827892&dopt=AbstractInt Arch Occup Environ Health 1998 Sep;71 Suppl:S97-100
Assessment of the working-environment harmful factors and health risk of workers in a nitrogen fertilizer plant.
Zlatev Z, Todorova K, Anastasova N, Chuturkova R, Yaneva A, Sabeva Y.
Varna Branch of National Center of Hygiene Medical Ecology and Nutrition, HEI Varna, Bulgaria.
The authors examined the influence of harmful factors of the working environment such as: microclimate, dust, noise, vibrations, and chemical noxes such as: ammonia, nitric oxides, hydrogen fluoride and gaseous fluorides, on the health status of workers involved in the production of fertilizers and ammonia in a nitrogen fertilizer plant. Various biochemical examinations of 158 workers were carried out. The morbidity rate for 1993-1995 was also studied. The biochemical monitoring indicated a statistically significant dependence of the abnormalities of the biochemical parameters on the professional exposure. The metabolic disturbances were proved by serum creatinine and urea elevations and rising urinary ammonia concentrations, by disturbances of the liver function consisting in an enhanced transaminase activity, and by disorders of the mineral metabolism presented with an increased urinary phosphorus excretion at a low serum phosphorus level as well as with increased serum and urinary fluorine concentrations. The temporarily registered morbidity rate showed a tendency towards an increase in diseases of the respiratory, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular system.
PMID: 9827892 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9741727&dopt=AbstractAust Vet J 1998 Aug;76(8):565-9
Chronic gypsum fertiliser ingestion as a significant contributor to a multifactorial cattle mortality.
Bourke CA, Ottaway SJ.
NSW Agriculture, Orange Agricultural Institute, New South Wales.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of claims that heavy metal contamination from an open-cut mine caused the death of 226 cattle on a nearby farm over a period of 18 months, and to investigate other possible contributing factors. PROCEDURE: A retrospective assessment of previous investigations combined with additional chemical analyses. RESULTS: Extensive chemical analyses produced no evidence of heavy metal contamination associated with the mine. Analysis of bones indicated exposure to fluoride in greater than normal amounts. The main source of fluoride seems to have been gypsum that was included in a feed supplement and also ingested from fertiliser dumps on paddocks. The gypsum itself may have contributed significantly to the ill health. Other factors probably affected some classes of animals, notably the young calves.
CONCLUSIONS: What originally seemed to be a disease problem of single aetiology probably was an expression of interacting multifactorial causes. This investigation has highlighted the potential toxicity of gypsum to livestock and the need for further studies to establish its basis.
PMID: 9741727 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9393620&dopt=AbstractMutat Res 1997 Oct 24;393(3):283-8
Chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in lymphocytes of workers at a phosphate fertilizer factory.
Meng Z, Zhang B.
Department of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
The frequencies of chromosomal aberrations (CA) and micronuclei (MN) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 40 workers at a phosphate fertilizer factory in North China, were studied. HF and SiF4 are the main air pollutants and small amounts of dust containing fluoride, NH3 and SO2 were also present in the factory. It was shown that the chemicals caused an increase in both CA and MN. The mean frequencies per 100 metaphase of major CA type (chromosome rings, translocations, and dicentrics) of the workers and the non-exposed controls were 0.91 and 0.24 (p < 0.01), respectively. The average percentages of lymphocytes with MN of the workers and the controls were 1.55 +/- 0.71 and 0.62 +/- 0.54 (p < 0.01), respectively. Both CA frequency and MN frequency of the workers increased with length of the chemical exposure period up to 10 years.
PMID: 9393620 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9352334&dopt=AbstractInt Arch Occup Environ Health 1997;70(5):314-20
Respiratory impairment among children living in the vicinity of a fertilizer plant.
Gomzi M, Saric M.
Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
The study included 162 second-grade children (85 boys and 77 girls) aged 8-9 years, attending two schools in an area with a fertilizer production plant, and 59 second-graders of the same age (32 boys and 27 girls) from a small neighbouring town located 20 km west of the plant, without any particular source of pollution. During the period from December 1990 to May 1991 the incidence of acute respiratory diseases was surveyed in children and their family members, and forced expiratory volumes were measured in selected second-graders in December 1990 and April 1991. In the area with the fertilizer plant as well as in the compared area ammonia, hydrogen fluoride, nitrogen dioxide, total suspended particulate matter and smoke were measured daily in ambient air and inside the school buildings. The mean concentrations of pollutants during the study period were below the recommended limits, with only a few exceptions, but daily fluctuations, particularly of ammonia and hydrogen fluoride in the area around the plant happened to exceed these values. The observed differences in the levels of air pollution correlated to some extent with the health parameters followed up during the study period. The incidence of acute respiratory diseases corresponded to the registered differences in the exposure to measured pollutants. Forced expiratory volume values in the compared groups of children did not consistently reflect the differences in exposure levels.
PMID: 9352334 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9273664&dopt=AbstractRocz Panstw Zakl Hig 1997;48(1):53-8
[Exposure of Poznan inhabitants to fluorides. II. Fluorides in urine and hair of school children]
[Article in Polish]
Oporowska-Moszyk K, Senczuk W.
Zaklad Toksykologii, Akademia Medyczna w Poznaniu.
In view of the plans of fresh water fluoridation in Poznan the necessity arose of obtaining of information about the exposure to fluoride compounds. The reported study was carried out in Poznan and environs. Urine and hair samples of children were obtained. The determinations were done with a ion- selective electrode. The mean fluoride concentrations in urine were between 0.3 and 0.9 mg F-/dm3. The concentration in hair was 2.2 mg F-/g in Poznan and 3.3 mg F-/g in Lubon. These values were, however, not exceeding the acceptable ones. In Lubon the concentrations of fluorides in hair was 50% higher than in Poznan. The authors believe that the possible cause was Fertilizer Chemical Works in that location.
Publication Types: Clinical TrialPMID: 9273664 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7885378&dopt=AbstractMutat Res 1995 Apr;334(2):243-6
Sister-chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes of workers at a phosphate fertilizer factory.
Meng Z, Meng H, Cao X.
Department of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.
The frequencies of sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 40 workers at a phosphate fertilizer factory in North China were studied. HF and SiF4 are main air pollutants in the factory, there is also some dust containing fluoride, phosphate fog, NH3 and SO2. It was shown that the chemicals caused an increase in SCE, and also induced cell mitotic delays. The mean SCEs/cell of the workers and the non-exposed controls were 7.47 +/- 0.31 and 4.94 +/- 0.14 (p < 0.01) respectively. SCEs/cell in 75% of 40 workers were higher than 6 while 40 controls all had values lower than 6. SCE frequencies of the workers increased with length of the chemical exposure period up to 10 years. Smoking enhanced the SCE frequencies induced by the chemicals.
PMID: 7885378 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Aust J Soil Res 1996 34: 1Ð54Review: the behaviour and environmental impact of contaminants in fertilizers.
McLaughlin MJ, Tiller KG, Naidu R, & Stevens DP
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8244868&dopt=AbstractJ Am Vet Med Assoc 1993 Oct 15;203(8):1176-7
Accidental superphosphate fertilizer poisoning in pregnant ewes.
East NE.
Department of Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.
Consumption of superphosphate fertilizer by 200 pregnant ewes resulted in signs of toxicosis in 41 ewes, 14 of which died. Predominant clinical signs were marked teeth grinding, voluminous diarrhea, CNS depression, apparent blindness, and a stiff-legged atactic gait. Biochemical abnormalities were hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, and a high anion gap. The primary toxic principal in superphosphate fertilizers is the fluorine contaminant; however, calcium pyrophosphate and calcium orthophosphate also contribute to toxicosis, which results in acute proximal renal tubular necrosis. Voluntary consumption of superphosphate fertilizer in well-fed livestock is not expected, and was believed to be related to the lack of availability of salt.
PMID: 8244868 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1655585&dopt=AbstractGig Tr Prof Zabol 1991;(6):19-22
[Working conditions and health-related measures in the processing of waste products of phosphorus-containing mineral fertilizers]
[Article in Russian]
Rumiantsev GI, Khodykina TM, Arkhangel'skii VI, Nesterenko LN.
In the processing of the waste products of phosphorus containing fertilizer production, several major health-related factors were identified depending on the industrial site's peculiarities: unfavourable microclimate conditions (both cold and heat), relative temperature differences, noise and vibration caused by the equipment, semi-product's, additives' and finished product's dusts, fluorine- and phosphorus-containing substances' affects and poor illumination. The proposed data were used for health-related improvements in the occupational conditions.
PMID: 1655585 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1966560&dopt=AbstractCzas Stomatol 1990 Nov-Dec;43(11-12):651-3
[Dental surfaces in workers exposed to fluorides]
[Article in Polish]
Szajewska-Jarzynka W, Kosmider K, Smilgin Z.
Imprint preparations were taken by Eifinger's method from the labial surfaces of upper incisors from 65 workers working at least since 10 years at the production of phosphate fertilizers, and from 33 subjects without occupational exposure to any industrial harmful agents, at least in the last 10 years. Differences were noted in the dental imprints in subjects exposed to fluorides in relation to controls in microscopic examinations.
PMID: 1966560 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2162698&dopt=AbstractBr J Ind Med 1990 May;47(5):349-51
Fluoride in the urine, hair, and nails of phosphate fertiliser workers.
Czarnowski W, Krechniak J.
Department of Toxicology, Medical Academy in Gdansk, Poland.
The fluoride content in the urine, hair, and nails of 106 workers employed in a phosphate fertiliser plant was significantly raised above the control level. Positive correlations were found between the group means for concentrations of fluorides in urine and hair (r = 0.77), urine and nails (r = 0.99), and hair and nails (r = 0.70). Individual values in the whole population gave significant correlations between concentrations in urine and nails (r = 0.73). The obtained results indicate that the fluoride content in hair and nails may be used as an indicator of occupational exposure to fluorides.
PMID: 2162698 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2543354&dopt=AbstractAust Vet J 1989 Apr;66(4):120-1
Superphosphate and its effect on bone fluoride concentrations in sheep.
Mason RW, Reid RN, Brown PG.
Department of Agriculture, Mt Pleasant Laboratories, Kings Meadows, Tasmania.
PMID: 2543354 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2847701&dopt=AbstractAust Vet J 1988 Sep;65(9):264-7
Phosphorus supplementation of cattle.
Jubb TF, Crough KF.
University of Melbourne, Bovine Medical Unit, Maffra, Victoria.
Severe lameness in a large proportion of an Angus cattle herd was attributed to phosphorus deficiency. The diagnosis was supported by a rapid response to phosphorus supplementation of the diet. A brief review of the development and diagnosis of phosphorus deficiency is presented. Practical considerations severely limit the choice of a phosphorus supplement. Directions for the use of the supernatant of high-phosphorus fertiliser and water mixtures, as feed or stock water additive and the production of a phosphorus lick are described. Other phosphorus supplements are discussed with particular reference to the fluorine hazard.
PMID: 2847701 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2852039&dopt=AbstractBull Inst Marit Trop Med Gdynia 1987;38(1-2):5-16
Estimation of occupational hazards of the employees of a phosphate fertilizers plant.
Renke W, Winnicka A, Graczyk M.
Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine in Gdynia, Outpatient Dispensary of Occupational and Tropical Diseases.
Composite examinations of 116 persons, employees of Phosphate Fertilizers Plant in Gdansk, with an average length of service ca. 15 years, were carried out. It was found that the frequency of occurrence of the chronic non-specific diseases of the lungs was not higher than in other works where dust and gaseous hazards of respiratory tract occur. However, at persons with longer length of service, the long-term effects of fluorine influence were found. They were revealed in disturbances of the carbohydrates balance and mineral balance, with radiographically seen thickening of the osseous structure.
PMID: 2852039 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2840869&dopt=AbstractArch Belg 1987;45(7-8):269-87
[Impregnation by atmospheric fluorine, of a population living near a phosphate fertilizer plant]
[Article in French]
Rondia D, Sartor F, Dans JM.
PMID: 2840869 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3008553&dopt=AbstractAm J Ind Med 1986;9(2):153-8
Exposure to fluoride in the chemical industry.
Levi S, Zilberman L, Frumin A, Frydman M.
Industries that use fluoride-containing materials are usually aware of their toxicity and adopt adequate medical measures. It has been found that workers in factories who have not been considered as subjected to fluorine hazard and therefore have not been controlled had significantly elevated urinary fluoride levels. Most workers in a medically controlled fertilizer plant had normal urinary levels. Maintenance workers were found to have higher values, up to 12 mg/liter.
PMID: 3008553 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3477392&dopt=AbstractCzas Stomatol 1986 Aug;39(8):510-4
[Effect of oral water sprays on the content of fluorides in saliva and dental plaque of workers at the Poznan phosphate fertilizer plant]
[Article in Polish]
Chmielnik M, Wasik A, Rydzewska AN, Kaniewski A.
PMID: 3477392 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2987329&dopt=AbstractJ Am Dent Assoc 1985 Apr;110(4):513-5
The availability of fluoride chemical supplies.
Reeves TG.
The availability of adequate supplies of fluoride chemicals is a critical factor in consistently maintaining the optimal fluoride concentration in water supply systems. The most recent shortage of fluoride chemicals occurred in 1982. The factors precipitating and contributing to periodic fluoride chemical shortages are discussed and recommendations for preventing future shortages are outlined.
PMID: 2987329 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2988220&dopt=AbstractZ Ernahrungswiss 1985 Mar;24(1):54-66
Fluoride content of selected human food, pet food and related materials.
Siebert G, Trautner K.
A survey was made of the fluoride content of selected human foods, some animal feeds, and related materials, with the purpose of a better characterization of products whose fluoride may contribute to the intake of fluoride by man as well as by some kinds of animals. Uptake of fluoride, especially from food with or without a foregoing food chain, was found to be more widely spread than has been documented previously. The major source of fluoride is represented by marine organisms, regardless of the ways by which man or animals are exposed to fluoride. As a consequence of the detailed analytical data given, recommendations would extend towards
i) a more wide-spread analytical control of foods and feeds for fluoride,
ii) an intensified assessment of fluoride bioavailabilities from foods and feeds, and
iii) the consideration of such data in the evaluation of fluoride supplementations for optimized intakes, as recommended.
PMID: 2988220 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6091097&dopt=AbstractProbl Khig 1984;9:73-8
[Kinetics of fluorine elimination in exposed workers]
[Article in Bulgarian]
Chuturkova R.
The fourteen-day kinetics of fluorine (F) elimination in urine was followed up in 24 operators from three main workshops of the plant for phosphorous fertilizers. The concentration of F in urine was determined at the beginning, by 6th h and during the last two hours of a working shift in four successive days and at the beginning of the following production cycle after the discontinuation of the exposure. In parallel, the gas-like fluorine compounds in the air of working environment was also determined. Analogous investigations were performed with a control group--30 non-exposed workers. A potentio-metric method with fluorine-selective electrode was used for the determination of F content in urine and the concentration of the gas-like fluorides in the air. A well manifested tendency to increased excretion was established by the end of the working shift and in the course of the working cycle. The data on the rate of fluorine elimination show that it is the highest during the last two exposure hours, most manifested in the workers from the workshop TSP, less-in the workshop PhA and least--in the workshop NTPP. The concentration of fluorine ions in urine for the three groups of workers investigated, was increased as compared with control values, both by 6th h and during the last two hours.
PMID: 6091097 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7137176&dopt=AbstractAm J Ind Med 1982;3(2):227-36
Occupational fluorosis through 50 years: clinical and epidemiological experiences.
Grandjean P.
Fifty years ago, in 1932, skeletal fluorosis was discovered as an occupational disease in cryolite workers in Copenhagen, Denmark. Following the initial reports, new cases were identified in other industries, such as the production of aluminum and superphosphate fertilizer. In light cases of fluorosis, the bone changes are often associated with nonspecific joint and muscle pains, but the disease may be entirely asymptomatic. The fluoride-induced osteosclerosis seems to be reversible, but the long-term significance of fluoride accumulation in the body is not known. Family cases of dental fluorosis have been occurred in long-term residents near fluoride-emitting industries, and in hot areas with high, natural fluoride levels in the drinking water. Skeletal fluorosis has only played a minor role in the discussion concerning fluoridation of drinking water, however. Changing and increasing uses of fluorides have led to a renewed interest in this occupational disease.
PMID: 7137176 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6275610&dopt=AbstractVopr Pitan 1981 Nov-Dec;(6):46-7
[Effect of rations containing fluorine ion on biochemical and hematological indices of body status]
[Article in Russian]
Lykova AS, Mitrofanova AI, Skachkov MA.
A study was made of the fluorine-ion content in the vegetables and grain grown on experimental plots of land fertilized for 4-6 years with fluorine-containing fertilizers: active slurry potassium tetrafluoroborate and sodium fluorosilicate. It was found that the fluorine-ion content in individual samples of the vegetables and grain was increased 2-32-fold as compared to that in the control samples. As for the diet, the total content of fluorine-ion was increased 6.1-12.3-fold. Experiments were made on rabbits and rats whose diets contained the vegetables and grain from the experimental plots of land. The animals of the experimental groups manifested a lowering of the prothrombin index by the end of the 6th month of the experimental studies. There was a statistically significant fall in the cholinesterase activity and an increase in the activity of glutaminopyruvic aminotransferase (by 35-42 units). The activity of total alkaline phosphatase progressively increased at the expense of the elevated activity of liver and intestinal isozymes.
PMID: 6275610 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6252253&dopt=AbstractJ Dairy Sci 1980 Jul;63(7):1167-71
Inappetence in ruminants as a measure of fluoride solubility in various phosphates.
Ammerman CB, Henry PR, Conrad JH, Fick KR, Araujo EC.
Experiments with soft phosphate and fertilizer grade concentrated superphosphate and diammonium phosphate were to measure effects on voluntary intake of their fluoride in relation to that from calcium fluoride and sodium fluoride given once daily by capsule. Mature wethers were offered 1200 or 1400 g daily of mixed grain-roughage diet, and responses to fluoride were measured by inappetence, consumption of less than 10% of offered diet. When 40 ppm fluoride as sodium fluoride was given for 2 days, inappetence resulted, whereas 2,400 ppm fluoride as calcium fluoride did not decrease feed intake. Time required for recovery of appetite increased with more fluoride. When soft phosphate, concentrated superphosphate, and diammonium phosphate were tested at 100, 200, and 400 ppm fluoride, inappetence occurred always but severity of reduction of intake was related to parts per million fluoride. Solubility of fluoride in soft phosphate, concentrated superphosphate, and diammonium phosphate is more similar to sodium fluoride than to calcium fluoride, and their use should be in keeping with fluoride tolerances established for ruminants fed sodium fluoride.
PMID: 6252253 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6256127&dopt=AbstractCzas Stomatol 1980 Sep;33(9):761-5
[Effect of the work environment on acid phosphatase and lysozyme activity in the saliva of workers in phosphate fertilizer plants]
[Article in Polish]
Witek E, Afeltowicz E, Kreglewska B, Zajaczkowska L, Nowicka J, Umiastowski J.
PMID: 6256127 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=232533&dopt=AbstractMed Pr 1979;30(6):451-6
[Lysozyme activity in the saliva of industrial workers exposed to fluorine compounds]
[Article in Polish]
Zajaczkowska L, Kreglewska B, Afeltowicz E, Nowicka J, Umiastowski J, Kunicka D.
The authors performed investigations in Phosphoric Fertilizers Works in Gdansk to find out whether or not the work environment contaminated by fluorine compounds affects the activity of lysozome--the protective enzyme of saliva. In some in vitro experiments lysozome activity in exposed workers' saliva was found to be significantly lowered, as opposed to that in unexposed workers. In vivo experiments did not indicate any effects of work conditions on the activity of this enzyme. The obtained results, in vivo and in vitro, do not demonstrate any clear effects of work environment in the Phosphoric Fertilizers Works in Gdansk, upon lysozome activity in workers' saliva.
PMID: 232533 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=45743&dopt=AbstractMed Lav 1978 Sep-Oct;69(5):594-604
[Risk of fluorosis in the manufacture of phosphate fertilizers]
[Article in Italian]
Fabbri L, De Rosa E, Potenza I, Mapp C, Rossi A, Brighenti F, Forin F.
PMID: 45743 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=904421&dopt=AbstractLav Um 1977 Jul;29(4):97-105
[Epidemiological study of chronic bronchitis in a population of workers in a fertilizer factory]
[Article in Italian]
Jedrychowski W, Cichocki T, Olszewski E, Nowicki Z, Mruk K.
The authors investigated the influence of working conditions--with particular reference to dust and fluorite pollution--on the epidemiology of chronic bronchitis in 197 subjects working in a fertilizer producing plant in Krakow (Poland). The investigation included history, respiratory function tests (VC, TVC), height and weight measurement, rhinolaryngologic examination, nasal mucosa cytology and physical examination. The environmental survey included measurements of the dust respirable fraction and fluorite concentration in the air. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis was found to increase with the length of working activity and to be much higher in smokers than in non-smokers. Furthermore, in subjects working at the sites with the worst environmental situations it proved to be twice as high as in the remainders. Likewise higher proved to be the prevalence of laryngitis and sinusitis. The prevalence of chronic bronchitis was found to be much higher in workmen with more marked spirometric changes. In subjects affected with chronic bronchitis alterations of the nasal mucosa epithelium were also found.
PMID: 904421 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=865215&dopt=AbstractLav Um 1977 Mar;29(2):50-7
[Chronic broncopneumopathy and pneumoconiosis in workers employed in phosphoric acid production (author's transl)]
[Article in Italian]
Fabbri L, Mapp C, Rossi A, Cortese S, Saia B.
Thirty-five subjects employed in a phosphoric acid producing plant were studied by the authors. The investigation included: history, according to the C.E.C.A. questionnaire for chronic bronchitis and emphysema; physical examination, chest X-ray spirometry and lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide by the steady state method (DLCOSS). High prevalence of chronic bronchitis (45.7%), obstructive spirometric impairment (37.1%), and decreased values of DlcoSS (31.4%) were detected. Two subjects were found to be affected with p 1/0 and 7 with p 0/1 pneumoconiosis. Such findings were significantly related to the lenght of working activity as well as to dust and gaseous fluoride (hydrofluoric acid, hexafluorosilicic acid and silicon tetrafluoride) exposure.
PMID: 865215 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=337435&dopt=AbstractResidue Rev 1977;68:37-57
Fluorine in foods.
Kumpulainen J, Koivistoinen P.
Publication Types: ReviewPMID: 337435 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1070620&dopt=AbstractN Z Vet J 1976 SEP;24(9):193-7
Deaths in cattle suggestive of subacute fluorine poisoning following ingestion of superphosphate.
Clark RG, Hunter AC, Stewart DJ.
PMID: 1070620 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1195267&dopt=AbstractJ S Afr Vet Assoc 1975 Jun;46(2):161-3
Chronic fluoride poisoning in sheep.
Zumpt I.
Chronic fluoride poisoning in sheep and cattle was diagnosed on a farm in the Vredenburg district, Cape Province, and confirmed by laboratory analysis. The source of the poisoning was pastures contaminated with rock phosphate dust containing 2,1 to 3,3% of fluoride emitted from a fertilizer factory. Tabulated analyses of blood, liver, bone, pasture and water are given.
PMID: 1195267 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=4267896&dopt=AbstractGig Sanit 1972 Nov;37(11):112-4
[Daily intake of fluorine together with nutritional products in persons living in the area of the Kokand Superphosphate Plant]
[Article in Russian]
Tadzhibaeva NS.
PMID: 4267896 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=4519617&dopt=AbstractN Z Vet J 1972 Nov;20(11):224
The possible relationship of selenium and superphosphate to the frequency of intestinal carcinomas in sheep.
Simpson BH.
PMID: 4519617 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=4509827&dopt=AbstractJ Nihon Univ Sch Dent 1972 Sep;14(3):99-105
Use of compost instead of chemical fertilizer to avoid fluorine contamination of soil, water, and food.
Schatz A, Schatz V.
PMID: 4509827 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=4526647&dopt=AbstractRev Odontol P R 1972 Aug-Oct;10(3):16-20
Use of compost instead of chemical fertilizers.
Schatz A, Schatz V.
PMID: 4526647 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=5502701&dopt=AbstractGig Sanit 1970 Aug;35(8):114-5
[Fluorine content of vegetable and melon crops with the use of mineral fertilizers in Uzbekistan]
[Article in Russian]
Tashbekov TU, Khasanov IuU.
PMID: 5502701 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=5521605&dopt=AbstractZh Ushn Nos Gorl Bolezn 1970 Sep-Oct;30(5):21-4
[The effect of occupational factors on the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract in superphosphate production]
[Article in Russian]
Rasskazova TV.
PMID: 5521605 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=5365300&dopt=AbstractGig Tr Prof Zabol 1969 Sep;13(9):26-8
[Fluorine content of biological media during pregnancy in female workers engaged in superphosphate production]
[Article in Russian]
Kuznetsova LS.
PMID: 5365300 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=5246606&dopt=AbstractCzas Stomatol 1968 Sep;21(9):1081-7
[The influence of chemical factors on the oral cavity in workers of the Szczecin Plant of Phosphorous Fertilizers in the light of our own investigations]
[Article in Polish]
Domzalska E, Grabowska K, Kamocka D.
PMID: 5246606 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=5869660&dopt=AbstractFarmakol Toksikol 1965 May-Jun;28(3):365-8
[On the biological effect of composite mineral fertilizers (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers)]
[Article in Russian]
Boiarchuck IF.
PMID: 5869660 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]