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REFERENCES: Paul Connett's References (the IQ and BRAIN studies are listed at the end of Connett's references): Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2003. Fluorine, hydrogen fluoride, and fluorides. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. September (released March 2004). Armfield JM, Spencer AJ. 2004. Consumption of nonpublic water: implications for children’s caries experience. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 32:283-296. Brunelle JA, Carlos JP. 1990. Recent trends in dental caries in U.S. children and the effect of water fluoridation. J. Dent. Res 69, (Special edition), 723-727. http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/teeth/caries/nidr-dmfs.html Bryson C. 2004. The fluoride deception. Seven Stories Press. NY, NY. Carlsson A. 1978. Current problems relating to the pharmacology and toxicology of fluorides. Lakartidningen 25:1388-1392. See excerpts at http://www.fluoridealert.org/carlsson.htm CDC. 1999. Ten Great Public Health Achievements -- United States, 1900-1999. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Weekly 48(12);241-243. April 2. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/MMWR/preview/mmwrhtml/00056796.htm CDC. 2001. Recommendations for Using Fluoride to Prevent and Control Dental Caries in the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Review 50(RR14):1-42. August 17. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5014a1.htm CDC. 2002. Prevalence of Self-Reported Arthritis or Chronic Joint Symptoms Among Adults --- United States, 2001. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR 51(42):948-950. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5142a2.htm CDC. 2005. Surveillance for dental caries, dental sealants, tooth retention, edentulism, and enamel fluorosis--United States, 1988-1994 and 1999-2002. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Surveill Summ 54(03):1-44. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5403a1.htm CDC. 2006. CDC Statement on the 2006 National Research Council (NRC) Report on Fluoride in Drinking Water. Division of Oral Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. March. (Updated August 9, 2007.) Online at http://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/safety/nrc_report.htm Cheng KK, Chalmer I, Sheldon TA. 2007. British Medical Journal 335:699-702. October 6. CNN. 2002. CDC: one in three suffer arthritis, joint problems. October 24. Available at http://www.slweb.org/CDC-arthritis.html Colquhoun J. 1984. New evidence on fluoridation. Social Science & Medicine 19:1239-46. Colquhoun J. 1985. Influence of social class and fluoridation on child dental health. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 13:37-41. Connett, P. 2001. Guest Editorial: Waterborne fluoride and bone fractures. Fluoride 34(2):91-94. Diesendorf M. 1986. The mystery of declining tooth decay. Nature 322:125-129. Fagin D. 2008. Second thoughts about fluoride. Scientific American. January. pp 74-81. Forum on Fluoridation. 2002. Department of Health and Children, Hawkins House, Dublin 2, Ireland. http://www.fluoridationforum.ie/ Hammer R. 1983. Letter to Leslie A. Russell DMD, from Rebecca Hammer, Deputy Assistant Administrator for Water, US Environmental Protection Agency. March 30. Hirzy JW. 2004. Testimony before the subcommittee on wildlife, fisheries and drinking water, United States Senate. January 9. Available at http://www.fluoridealert.org/testimony.htm Kunzel W, Fischer T. 1997. Rise and fall of caries prevalence in German towns with different F concentrations in drinking water. Caries Res 31(3):166-73. Kunzel W, et al. 2000. Decline in caries prevalence after the cessation of water fluoridation in former East Germany. Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol. 28(5):382-389. Kunzel W, Fischer T. 2000. Caries prevalence after cessation of water fluoridation in La Salud, Cuba. Caries Res 34(1):20-5. Lavanga M, Di Lena S, Sullivan S, Ingram A. 2000. Recovery of fluosilicic acid and acid bearing waters for the production of a mixture of silica and precipitated calcium fluoride usable for the production of cement. Fluorsid, S.P.A. and Svedale, Ltd., Sweden. Available at http://www.fluoridealert.org/fertilizer-waste.htm Leverett DH. 1982. Fluorides and the changing prevalence of dental caries. Science. 217(4554):26-30. Li Y et al. 2001. Effect of long-term exposure to fluoride in drinking water on risks of bone fractures. J Bone Miner Res. 16(5):932-9. Maupome G et al. 2001. Patterns of dental caries following the cessation of water fluoridation. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 29(1):37-47. McDonagh M, Whiting P, Bradley M, Cooper J, Sutton A, Chestnutt I, Misso K, Wilson P, Treasure E, Kleijen J. 2000. A systematic review of public water fluoridation. Report 18. York: NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, UK. p. 59-63. (See also: http://www.fluoridealert.org/york.htm) Moriber G. 1974. Environmental Science. Allyn & Bacon. Boston. p. 361. National Academies. 2006. EPA standard for fluoride in drinking water Is not protective; tooth enamel loss, bone fractures of concern at high levels. News Release. March 22. Available at http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=11571 NHMRC. 1991. The effectiveness of water fluoridation. National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). Canberra, Australia. Australian Government Publishing Service. NHMRC. 1999. Review of water fluoridation and fluoride intake from discretionary fluoride supplements. National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC). Melbourne, Australia. NRC. 1993. Health effects of ingested fluoride. National Research Council of the National Academies. National Academy Press. Washington, DC. Available at http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=030904975X&page=R1 NRC. 2006. Fluoride in drinking water: a scientific review of EPA's standards. National Research Council of the National Academies. The National Academies Press. Washington, DC. Available at http://books.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11571 Phipps KR et al. 2000. Community water fluoridation, bone mineral density and fractures: prospective study of effects in older women. British Medical Journal. 321:860-4. Rocha-Amador D, et al. 2007. Decreased intelligence in children and exposure to fluoride and arsenic in drinking water. Cadernos de Saude Publica 23(Suppl 4):S579-87. Schlesinger ER et al. 1956. Newburgh-Kingston caries-fluorine study XIII. Pediatric findings after ten years. Journal of the American Dental Association 52:296. Seppa L et al. 2000. Caries trends 1992-98 in two low-fluoride Finnish towns formerly with and without fluoride. Caries Res. 34(6):462-8. Seppa L. et al. 2002. Caries occurrence in a fluoridated and a nonfluoridated town in Finland: a retrospective study using longitudinal data from public dental records. Caries Research 36:308-314. Spencer H et al. 1980. Fluoride metabolism in patients with chronic renal failure. Arch Intern Med. 140:1331-1335. Trivedi MH, Verma RJ, Chinoy NJ, Patel RS, Sathawara NG. 2007. Effect of high fluoride water on intelligence of school children in India. Fluoride 40(3):178-183. Yiamouyiannis JA. 1990. Water Fluoridation and Tooth decay: Results from the 1986-87 National Survey of U.S. Schoolchildren. Fluoride. 23:55-67. Wang SX, Wang ZH, Cheng XT, Li J, Sang ZP, Zhang XD, Han LL, Qiao, Wu ZM, Wang ZQ. 2007. Arsenic and fluoride exposure in drinking water: children's IQ and growth in Shanyin county, Shanxi province, China. Environmental Health Perspectives 115(4):643-7. April. York Review. McDonagh M et al. 2000. A Systematic Review of Public Water Fluoridation. NHS Center for Reviews and Dissemination,. University of York, September. http://www.fluoridealert.org/york.htm BRAIN STUDIES. The asterisk denotes those papers that have been translated into English. These translations were paid for, and are available from, the Fluoride Action Network.
IQ STUDIES: The asterisk denotes those papers that have been translated into English. These translations were paid for, and are available from, the Fluoride Action Network.
Dr. Bruce Spittle’s references: Dr. Bill Osmunson’s references: CDC. 1999. Achievements in public health, 1900-1999: fluoridation of drinking water to prevent dental caries. MMWR, 48(41); 933-940, October 22. CDC. 2001. MMWR Report August 17, 2001/Vol 50/No. RR-14) NIH. 2001. Dental caries throughout life. NRC. 2006. Fluoride in drinking water: a scientific review of EPA's standards. National Research Council of the National Academies (NRC). The National Academies Press. Washington, DC. Available at http://books.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11571 Osmunson B. 2007. Guest Editorial. Water fluoridation intervention: dentistry’s crown jewel or darkest our? Fluoride, 40(4):210-217. WHO data online. See http://www.Fluoridealert.org/who-dmft.htm for a graphical presentation of this data. Carol Clinch’s references: Barnes GP et al. 1992. Ethnicity, location, age, and Fluoridation factors in baby bottle tooth decay and Caries prevalence of Head Start children. Public Health Reports; 107:167-73. Cohen H, Locker D. 2001. The science and ethics of water fluoridation. Journal of the Canadian Dental Association 67(10):578-80. Coplan MJ, Patch SC, Masters RD, Bachman MS. 2007. Confirmation of and explanations for elevated blood lead and other disorders in children exposed to water disinfection and fluoridation chemicals. Neurotoxicology 28(5):1032-42. September. Gray AS. 1987. Fluoridation: time for a new base line? Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. No. 10. IAOMT. 2003. Policy position on ingested fluoride and fluoridation. pp 24-25. International Academy of Oral Medicine and Toxicology. Available at http://www.iaomt.org/articles/files/files196/IAOMT%20Fluoridation%20Position.pdf Ito D. 2007. Determinants of caries in adjacent fluoridated and non-fluoridated cities. Presentation 2757. IADR Conference, New Orleans, LA.. Available at http://iadr.confex.com/iadr/2007orleans/techprogram/abstract_93552.htm JADA. 1984. Editorial. Preserving the perfect tooth. Journal of the American Dental Association 108:448. Kelly M et al. 1987. The prevalence of baby bottle tooth decay among two native American populations. J Pub Health Dent; 47:94-97. Kick CH, Bethke RM, Edgington BH, Wilder OHM, Record PR, Wilder W, Hill TJ, Chase SW . 1935. Fluorine in animal nutrition. Bulletin 558. Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station. Koplan JP. 2000. Letter from Jeffrey P. Koplan, MD, PPH, Director Center for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) Atlanta GA to Congressman Kenneth Calvert, Chairman, Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, Committee on Science, Washington, DC. August 8. Locker D. 1999. Benefits and risks of water fluoridation. An update of the 1996 Federal-Provincial sub-committee report. Community Dental Health Services Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto. Canada. November 15. Available at http://fluoridealert.org/locker.1999.pdf Maas RP, Patch SC, Christian AM, Coplan MJ. 2007. Effects of fluoridation and disinfection agent combinations on lead leaching from leaded-brass parts. Neurotoxicology 28(5):1023-31. September. Machalinski B, Baskiewicz-Masiuk M, Sadowska B, Machalinska A, Marchlewicz M, Wiszniewska B, Stecewicza I. 2003. The influence of sodium fluoride and sodium hexafluorosilicate on human leukemic cell lines. Fluoride 36(4):231-240. McDonagh M, Whiting P, Bradley M, Cooper J, Sutton A, Chestnutt I, Misso K, Wilson P, Treasure E, Kleijen J. 2000. A systematic review of public water fluoridation. Report 18. York: NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, UK. p. 59-63. Morin PJ, Graham JR, Parent G. 2005. La fluoration: autopsie d'une erreur scientifique. Editions Berger, Québec, Canada. NIDR. 1992. Facts from the National Institute of Dental Research. Marshall Independent, Marshall, Minnesota. May 28. NRC. 2006. Fluoride in drinking water: a scientific review of EPA's standards. National Research Council of the National Academies (NRC). The National Academies Press. Washington, DC. Available at http://books.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11571 Pizzo G, Piscopo M, Pizzo I, Giulliana G. 2007. Community water fluoridation and caries prevention: a critical review. Clinical and Oral Investigations 11(3):189-193. September. Smith G. 2001. Why fluoride is an environmental issue. Earth Island Institute. 22nd meeting of the International Society for Fluoride Research, August 24-27. Von Burg MM et al. 1995. Baby bottle tooth decay: a concern for all mothers. Pediatric Nursing; 21:515-519. Zipkin I, et al. 1956. Urinary fluoride levels associated with use of fluoridated water. Pub Health Rep 71:767–72. Carol Kopf’s References: 1a) KTUU-TV. 2007. Dentistry in the bush. The root of the problem, Part 2. Channel 2 News. Anchorage, Alaska. May 3. Available at http://www.ktuu.com/Global/story.asp?S=6468677 1) National Research Council. Health effects of ingested fluoride. National Academy Press. Washington DC. 1993 p. 30 2) National Research Council. 1989. Recommended dietary allowances: 10th Edition. National Academy of Sciences. National Academies Press Washington, DC. page 235. 3) Physicians' Desk Reference <http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/flu_0109.shtml> 4) American Dental Association News Release. Good oral health begins in the womb. February 2002 Available from: http://www.ada.org/public/media/releases/0202_release06.asp 5) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Oral health in America: a report of the Surgeon General. Released in 2000. 6) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Bone health and osteoporosis: a report of the Surgeon General. October 14, 2004. Available from: <http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/bonehealth/chapter_7.html> 7) U.S. National Institutes of Health. Office of Dietary Supplements. Magnesium Fact Sheet. accessed 1/14/06 Available from: <http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/magnesium.asp> 8) Hampl JS, Taylor CA, Johnston CS. 2004. Vitamin C deficiency and depletion in the United States: the third national health and nutrition examination survey, 1988 to 1994. Am J Public Health May. 9) Holick MF. 2005. The vitamin D epidemic and its health consequences. J Nutr 135:2739S-2748S. November. 10) Beltrán-Aguilar ED, Barker LK, Canto MT, Dye BA, Gooch BF, et al. Surveillance for dental caries, dental sealants, tooth retention, edentulism, and enamel fluorosis --- United States, 1988--1994 and 1999—2002. MMWR Available from: <http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5403a1.htm> 11) IADR/AADR/CADR 82nd General Session in Honolulu, Hawaii: The health eating index (HEI) and Dental caries among children, J Dent Res 83(Spec Iss A):abstract number 2917, 2004 <http://iadr.confex.com/iadr/2004Hawaii/techprogram/abstract_48118.htm> 12) Dye BA, Shenkin JD, Ogden CL, Marshall TA, Levy SM, Kanellis MJ. 2004. The relationship between healthful eating practices and dental caries in children aged 2-5 years in the United States, 1988-1994. J Am Dent Assoc. January. 13) Center for Reviews and Dissemination. 2003. What the 'York Review' on the fluoridation of drinking water really found. University of York. York, UK Originally released: October 28 2003 Available from <http://www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd/fluoridnew.htm> 14) Palmer CA. 2003. Diet and Nutrition in Oral Health. 1st ed. Prentice Hall. New Jersey. 15) Centers for Disease Control. Behavioral risk factor surveillance system. fruits and vegetables nationwide – 2003 Available from: Chris Neurath’s References: Barnes DE, Bero LA. 1998. Why review articles on the health effects of passive smoking reach different conclusions. JAMA 279:1566-1570. Available at http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/279/19/1566 Schlesinger ER et al. 1956. Newburgh-Kingston caries-fluorine study XIII. Pediatric findings after ten years. Journal of the American Dental Association 52:296. |
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